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1
Wang, Jiawei. "Consumption of added sugars and development of metabolic syndrome components among a sample of youth at risk of obesity." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119631.
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Previous evidence showed controversial links between added sugar intake, diet quality and increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (abdominal adiposity, dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure, reduced high–density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C) and hypertriglyceridemia) in youth, and most studied only its liquid source of sugar–sweetened beverages (SSB). To better understand the extent of the detrimental effects of added sugars from both liquid and solid sources to diets in terms of nutrient and food intake and metabolic consequences in children, three studies were undertaken to (i) quantify the associations of added sugar intake with overall diet quality and adiposity indicators; (ii) assess whether excess weight and glucose tolerance status modifies the associations between consumption of added sugars and MetS components; and (iii) evaluate whether consumption of added sugars predicts the development of MetS components over time.Data for these studies were obtained from the QUébec Adiposity and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort. Caucasian children (8 to 10 years at baseline, n = 630) with at least one obese biological parent were recruited from 1,040 Québec primary schools and followed–up 2 years later (n = 564). Dietary intake, including added sugars (liquid vs. solid) and Canadian Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C) was assessed in three 24–hour recalls at baseline. Adiposity indicators included measured height and weight for body mass index (BMI), BMI Z–score, waist circumference (WC), and fat mass (by dual–energy X–ray absorptiometry). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at fasting and by oral glucose tolerance tests to calculate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR) and the Matsuda IS index (Matsuda–ISI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), concentration of triglycerides and HDL–C were measured by standard instruments. Multivariate linear regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, pubertal status (by Tanner stage), energy intake, fat mass and physical activity (by 7–day accelerometer). The main findings include: (i) higher consumption of added sugars from SSB or solid sources was associated with lower nutrient density and lower HEI-C. Positive associations with adiposity indicators were observed with consumption of added sugars from liquid sources only; (ii) higher SSB consumption was associated with higher HOMA–IR and higher SBP among overweight children (≥ 85th BMI percentile), as well as higher SBP and higher WC among children with impaired glucose tolerance. These associations with metabolic indicators were not observed among children whose BMI was below 85th percentile; (iii) no association with added sugar intake was observed for 2–year changes in adiposity, but higher consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was associated with higher fasting glucose, higher fasting insulin, higher HOMA–IR and lower Matsuda–ISI. In conclusion, this thesis suggested that consumption of added sugars from both solid and liquid sources was associated with a lower overall diet quality, but only added sugars from liquid sources was associated with adiposity indicators. Cross–sectional links with higher levels of SSB intake and MetS components were more evident among overweight/obese and glucose–intolerant children. Consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was not associated with changes in adiposity over 2 years, but was clearly associated with development of impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. This thesis presents further evidence on the nutritional and metabolic consequences of consuming added sugar from liquid and solid sources.Les preuves antérieures ont montré des liens controversés entre la consommation de sucre ajouté, la qualité du régime alimentaire et l'augmentation de la prévalence du syndrome métabolique (SM) composants (adiposité abdominale, dysglycémie, pression artérielle élevée, cholestérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité réduite (HDL-C) et l'hypertriglycéridémie) chez les jeunes, et plus étudié que sa source liquide de boissons sucrées. Afin de mieux comprendre l'impact de la consommation de sucres ajoutés sur l'alimentation des enfants tant en termes des apports alimentaires que des apports nutritionnels, ainsi que les conséquences métaboliques de cette consommation, une série d'études ont été réalisées. Les objectifs de ces études visaient tout d'abord à quantifier les associations entre la consommation de sucres ajoutés (sources liquides et solides) et la qualité du régime alimentaire global de même que les indicateurs d'adiposité, ensuite à déterminer si l'excès de poids et l'état de la tolérance au glucose modifient les associations entre la consommation de sucres ajoutés et les composantes du SM, et finalement, à déterminer si la consommation de sucres ajoutés prédit l'apparition des composantes du SM.Les données utilisées dans les présentes études proviennent de l'étude de cohorte QUébec Adiposity and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Dans le cadre de cette étude QUALITY, des enfants de race blanche, âgés de 8 à 10 ans (n = 630) et ayant au moins un parent biologique obèses ont été recrutés (n = 564). Les données ont été colligées à l'entrée à l'étude et au suivi de deux ans. L'apport alimentaire, y compris les sucres ajoutés (liquide ou solide) et l'indice canadien de la saine alimentation (HEI-C) a été évaluée dans trois rappels de 24 heures au départ.Les indicateurs d'obésité incluaient la hauteur et le poids mesurés pour le calcul de l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC), l'IMC Z–score, le tour de taille (TT) et la masse grasse (absorptiométrie bi–énergique à rayons X). Les taux de glucose plasmatique et d'insuline à jeun ont été mesurés ainsi que des tests de tolérance au glucose par voie orale pour le calcul de l'évaluation du modèle d'homéostasie de résistance à l'insuline (HOMA–IR) et de l'indice de Matsuda (Matsuda–ISI). En outre, la pression artérielle systolique, la concentration plasmatique de triglycérides et les taux des HDL–C ont été mesurés à l'aide de méthodes standardisées. Des modèles de régression linéaires multivariés ont été utilisés, ajustement pour l'âge, le sexe, le stade pubertaire (stade de Tanner), la consommation d'énergie, la masse grasse et l'activité physique (accéléromètre 7 jours).Les principales conclusions sont les suivantes augmentation de la consommation de sucres ajoutés provenant de sources boissons sucrées ou solide a été associée à la densité nutritionnelle plus en plus bas HEI-C. Les indicateurs d'adiposité ont été positivement associés à la consommation de sucres ajoutés liquides. Une plus grande consommation de boissons sucrés a été associé à plus HOMA–IR et plus la pression artérielle systolique chez les enfants en surpoids, ainsi que plus la pression artérielle systolique et plus TT chez les enfants présentant une intolérance au glucose. Ces associations avec des indicateurs métaboliques n'ont pas été observés chez les enfants de poids normal. Aucune association avec la consommation de sucre ajouté a été observé des changements dans l'adiposité, mais la consommation élevée de sucres ajoutés provenant de sources liquides a été associé à une glycémie à jeun supérieure, l'insuline à jeun élevée, supérieur HOMA–IR et inférieur Matsuda–ISI. En conclusion, cette thèse présente une preuve supplémentaire sur les conséquences nutritionnelles et métaboliques de sucre ajouté consommation provenant de sources liquides et solides.
2
Joyce, Caroline M. "The Role of Chronic Sugar Consumption as a Moderating Variable on Acute Sugar Consumption and Aspects of Executive Function." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/862.
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This study explores the relationship between acute sugar consumption and its effect on executive function (EF). Specifically, this study examines the effect of both acute and chronic sugar consumption on EF. An epidemiological survey was given on an online work distribution platform, where participants finished cognitive tasks of EF after completing questionnaires assessing sugar consumption both in the last year and last 24 hours (n = 273). It was hypothesized that acute and chronic sugar intake would significantly predict scores on measures of aspects of EF. Additionally, it was hypothesized that chronic sugar intake would significantly moderate the relationship between acute sugar intake and EF. Neither acute nor chronic sugar consumption predicted EF. This effect was not changed by including chronic sugar consumption as a moderating variable upon acute sugar consumption and EF. This research provides greater evidence about what effect sugar consumption has on EF.
3
Vargas, García Elisa Joan. "Interventions to influence consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19710/.
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Evidence for higher intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) driving the risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is increasing. As a result, SSBs have been targeted across public health interventions worldwide, including Mexico, which has one of the highest levels of consumption of SSB and alarmingly high childhood obesity rates. This thesis aimed to determine the effectiveness of interventions and intervention’s components to reduce consumption of SSBs and to develop and implement an intervention in school-aged children in central Mexico. A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the impact that interventions have had to reduce SSB intake or increase water intake across all age groups. Identification and analysis of behavior change techniques used in interventions was also undertaken. Exploratory analyses on data from children in central Mexico indicated that 12% of 6 to 15 year olds met criteria for Metabolic Syndrome. Consequently, a 12-week school-based programme was developed to influence consumption of SSB through promotion of water intake. Sixteen classes in four schools were allocated to the intervention group (N= 2 schools, 8 classes) or control group (N= 2 schools, 8 classes). Participants were 337 children aged 7-12 years (222 in intervention and 115 in controls). Pooled estimates from meta-analyses indicated that interventions modestly influence SSB intakes in children (-92 mL/day (95% confidence interval [CI] -145 to -39) 18 studies, P < 0.01) but not in adolescents (-52 mL/ day, 95% CI -121 to 17; 4 studies, P = 0.14) or in adults (-23 mL/day, 95% CI -56 to 9; 7 studies, P = 0.16). Pooled estimates of water intakes were only possible for interventions in children and these were indicative of increases in water intake (MD +80 mL/day, 95% CI 6 to 155; 6 studies, P = 0.04). There was some evidence to suggest model/demonstrating the behaviour or parental involvement helped to reduce SSB intake. Results from the study in Mexico highlighted that intervention and control groups achieved reductions in daily intake of SSB by -61 mL/day and -132 mL/day, respectively, with the difference between groups not being statistically significant (71 mL/day; 95% CI: 94 to 236; p=0.4). Consumption of water throughout the day decreased in both groups (Intervention: -169 mL/day; 95% CI: -275 to -62 vs controls: 235 mL/day; 95% CI: -369 to -102). Information from a process evaluation highlighted difficulties in children and staff to deliver and adhere to activities as planned. In conclusion, community-level interventions can influence positive changes in consumption of SSB in children but not in adolescents or adults; an educational and environmental approach focusing on the promotion of water intake in Mexican children was insufficient to improve consumption patterns of SSB and water. Interventions in the future could potentially be benefitted by longer implementation as well as parental involvement.
4
Griecci, Christina F. "Evaluating Multi-Level Factors Influencing Adolescent Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption." eScholarship@UMMS, 2018. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/972.
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Background: Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) comprise the largest source of added sugars in US adolescents’ diets. SSB consumption is pervasive in US culture and is a critical risk factor for weight gain and obesity in adolescents. This thesis evaluates multi-level factors that influence adolescent SSB consumption.
Methods: The first two aims of this thesis utilized data from the cross sectional, internet based Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating (FLASHE) study to: 1) examine availability of SSBs in multiple settings (home, school, neighborhood) and adolescent SSB consumption, 2) examine the associations between perceptions of parenting practices and adolescent SSB consumption. The third aim used focus group discussions to understand adolescents’ perceptions about SSBs.
Results: We found that SSB availability in the home was an important predictor of adolescent SSB consumption, regardless of SSB availability in other settings. Also, parenting practices that facilitate adolescent SSB consumption are associated with higher adolescent SSB consumption, but discussing/negotiating SSB behaviors is not associated with adolescent SSB consumption. Adolescents’ described their attitudes, reinforcements, knowledge, and sources of influence around SSBs which are multifactorial and complex.
Conclusions: This thesis identified potential targets for addressing adolescent SSB consumption through availability of SSBs at home, parenting practices, and adolescent perceptions around SSBs. These are important modifiable factors in the adolescents’ sociocultural environment that should be targeted in future dietary interventions to influence adolescent SBB consumption.
5
Effertz, Cary Marshall. "A Reference Price Model of Sugar Consumption with Implications on Obesity." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29853.
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Obesity has increased dramatically in the past 25 years. The consumption of added sugar has increased significantly during the same time period. Previous research indicates a direct correlation between the consumption of added sugar and the prevalence of obesity. Sugar has been identified in multiple studies as having addictive or opiate-like qualities. Unquestionably, added sugar consumption has contributed to the current obesity epidemic. Here, we apply a reference price economic model to attempt to describe sugar consumption. Using consumption and price data from the Economic Research Service of the United
States Department of Agriculture, we made a reference price estimation of domestic refined sugar (sucrose) consumption. Using time-series econometric techniques, we tested the effects of internal and external reference prices, in the form of first differenced own price and price of other nutrient classes, respectively, on sugar demand. Results indicate that internal and, particularly, external reference prices do indeed play a role in consumption decisions. However, the model lacks socioeconomic variables that may help to provide a more complete consumption picture.
6
Mitko, Veronica Ann. "Understanding Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages by Adolescents with Dental Caries." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1434205745.
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Walker, Myrtis Harrington. "Influence of sugar sweetened milk and unsweetened milk on food group consumption." Thesis, Middle Tennessee State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1538419.
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Diets of children and adolescents do not meet current national dietary recommendations for food groups. Yet these diets include higher than recommended consumption of added sugars. Food group servings decrease as low-nutrient, energy-dense sugar-sweetened beverages increase. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the consumption of meats, grains, vegetables, and fruits are influenced by consumption of sugar-sweetened milk. Consumption was evaluated in kindergarten, third, and sixth grade students.
Results indicate that consumption of sugar-sweetened milk decreased fruit consumption in all grades, with a significant decrease in sixth grade. All grades had mixed results with meat and vegetable consumption. Grain consumption increased in all grades with sugar-sweetened milk. Further research using sweetened milk with larger groups is needed to document trends in eating patterns that may indicate nutrient dilution through decreased food group consumption.
8
Seetharaman, Shyam. "Sugar Consumption and Cognitive Aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4222.
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Abstract
Consumption of foods high in sugar content has been linked with the development of metabolic abnormalities such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes, major sources of global health concerns. Although the detrimental consequences of high intake of sugar on abnormal metabolic processes are established, it is not known how this association affects (or accelerates) cognitive aging.
The current project was based on data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) to test the hypothesis that high refined sugar intake contributes to accelerated trajectories of cognitive decline assessed longitudinally. Trajectories of cognitive change were assessed as a function of age, thereby allowing for the observation of changes in cognitive performance across the entire age distribution of the sample. Analyses also accounted for the influences of clinically relevant factors such as cardiovascular health and clinical depression on the relationship between high sugar intake and cognitive aging.
Results showed that high sugar consumption was significantly related to lower overall cognitive performance on tests of verbal ability, spatial ability, memory, and perceptual speed compared to low consumption, but there were no significant differences with respect to cognitive change over time. Findings provide unique insight into the potential for dietary sugar to produce decrements in cognitive functioning in older adults.
9
Heasman, Michael Kenneth. "Influence of changing patterns of sucrose consumption on industrial users. Response by manufacturers of soft drinks, biscuits, cereals, cakes confectionery, ice-cream, jams, canned products and other sugar-containing foods to the U. K. dietary guidelines that relate to sucrose consumption." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4223.
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Sugar is intrinsically linked with the modern food system. Large sections
of the U. K. food industry are dependent on its use and functional qualities.
Supplies of sucrose entering the food chain have declined 25% between the
1950's and 1980's and currently stand around 37 kg/person/year. Furthermore,
U. K. dietary guidelines over the past 14 years have consistently suggested
caution over how much sugar is eaten, especially in manufactured foods.
Dietary guidelines such as the NACNE report (1983) recommend average sugar
consumption should be no more than 20 kg/person/year. Currently, two-thirds
of sugar supplies are bought for use in food and drink manufacture. Continued
pressures on sugar consumption and negative consumer attitudes to sugar may
be reflected in lost sales of sugar-containing foods. The available information
on U. K. sugar consumption is critically assessed. Although the main sources of
sugar supply are identified, individual sugar consumption is shown to vary by
considerable amounts. The place of sucrose is examined in relation to other
sweeteners and why and where sugars and sweeteners are used in food systems.
The promotion of "no added sugar" and "sugar free" products is examined since
the publication of the NACNE report to the end of 1987. To further test the
impact of changing patterns of sugar consumption on food and drink
manufacturers a national survey of manufacturers who use sugar was carried
out in early 1988. This was an attitudinal postal questionnaire and responses
to the issue of sugar, diet and health were analysed. Respondents bought an
estimated 650,000 tonnes of sugar in 1986, around 45% of the total industrial
market. While the survey aggregate were fully supportive of sucrose,
respondents reported that the majority of consumers were worried about sugar
being bad for health and were actively cutting down on individual intakes.
There were significant differences to the issue of sugar, diet and health
dependent on company size, whether a company manufactured for a retailer's
own label and if products had already been marketed at a "healthy eating"
segment. However, in general, while manufacturers considered consumer
attitudes to sugar to be important they had to be put in the context of other
factors. So far the impact of changing patterns of sugar consumption is not
reflected in the total average industrial purchases of sugar, although
substantial "sugar-free" and "sugar-reduced" product niches have been
established.
10
Heasman, Michael Kenneth. "Influence of changing patterns of sucrose consumption on industrial users : response by manufacturers of soft drinks, biscuits, cereals, cakes confectionery, ice-cream, jams, canned products and other sugar-containing foods to the U.K. dietary guidelines that relate to sucrose consumption." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4223.
Full textAbstract:
Sugar is intrinsically linked with the modern food system. Large sections of the U. K. food industry are dependent on its use and functional qualities. Supplies of sucrose entering the food chain have declined 25% between the 1950's and 1980's and currently stand around 37 kg/person/year. Furthermore, U. K. dietary guidelines over the past 14 years have consistently suggested caution over how much sugar is eaten, especially in manufactured foods. Dietary guidelines such as the NACNE report (1983) recommend average sugar consumption should be no more than 20 kg/person/year. Currently, two-thirds of sugar supplies are bought for use in food and drink manufacture. Continued pressures on sugar consumption and negative consumer attitudes to sugar may be reflected in lost sales of sugar-containing foods. The available information on U. K. sugar consumption is critically assessed. Although the main sources of sugar supply are identified, individual sugar consumption is shown to vary by considerable amounts. The place of sucrose is examined in relation to other sweeteners and why and where sugars and sweeteners are used in food systems. The promotion of "no added sugar" and "sugar free" products is examined since the publication of the NACNE report to the end of 1987. To further test the impact of changing patterns of sugar consumption on food and drink manufacturers a national survey of manufacturers who use sugar was carried out in early 1988. This was an attitudinal postal questionnaire and responses to the issue of sugar, diet and health were analysed. Respondents bought an estimated 650,000 tonnes of sugar in 1986, around 45% of the total industrial market. While the survey aggregate were fully supportive of sucrose, respondents reported that the majority of consumers were worried about sugar being bad for health and were actively cutting down on individual intakes. There were significant differences to the issue of sugar, diet and health dependent on company size, whether a company manufactured for a retailer's own label and if products had already been marketed at a "healthy eating" segment. However, in general, while manufacturers considered consumer attitudes to sugar to be important they had to be put in the context of other factors. So far the impact of changing patterns of sugar consumption is not reflected in the total average industrial purchases of sugar, although substantial "sugar-free" and "sugar-reduced" product niches have been established.
11
Hume, Catherine Ann. "Behavioural and neural responses to the consumption of palatable, high-sugar food in rats." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28851.
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A complex system exists to monitor the body’s energy status and regulate food intake and energy expenditure to maintain a constant body weight. However, this homeostatic system is not the sole system regulating appetite. The hedonic system comprised of the mesolimbic reward pathway influences motivation to eat and acts alongside the homeostatic system to control feeding behaviours. It is often assumed that the hedonic system promotes the consumption of palatable, energy-dense foods and this can disrupt homeostatic mechanisms regulating food intake, resulting in energy overconsumption and weight gain in the long term. Yet, it is unclear to what extent the homeostatic system can defend body weight in an environment rich in palatable, energy-dense foods. I hypothesised that the homeostatic system compensates for the energy in palatable foods by reducing subsequent energy consumption, defined as homeostatic caloric compensation. I investigated homeostatic caloric compensation in a rat model of restricted palatable, high-sugar food access. Rats were schedule-fed moderate amounts of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) daily in addition to ad lib bland diet access. Both male and female rats calorically compensated for the energy consumed from moderate amounts of SCM through a robust and accurate reduction in energy consumed from bland diet, resulting in no short-term changes in body weight gain. However, homeostatic responses were limited as male rats were unable to fully calorically compensate for the scheduled-feeding of large amounts of SCM, an apparent loss of homeostatic control. It was not investigated whether female rats are also unable to fully calorically compensate for large amounts of SCM. It is possible that male rats consume these large amounts of SCM due to hedonic drive but continue to eat bland diet to acquire nutrients that are not present in SCM. To determine whether male rats defend bland diet consumption due to nutrient requirements, rats were schedule-fed large amounts of SCM enriched with protein or fibre. However, male rats did not fully calorically compensate for the energy in large amounts of SCM when enriched with protein or fibre. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the homeostatic system is able to respond to the hedonic consumption of palatable food through caloric compensatory mechanisms to defend body weight. However, it appears that the homeostatic system is unable to effectively respond to excessive hedonic palatable food consumption through caloric compensation alone. To shed light on what homeostatic mechanisms may underlie this compensatory behaviour, I used expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos to investigate neuronal activity following the scheduled-feeding of moderate amounts of SCM in male rats. c-Fos expression was increased in the ventral tegmental area of the mesolimbic reward pathway and in the lateral hypothalamus. The lateral hypothalamus has been proposed to act as an interface between homeostatic and hedonic systems. Therefore, in response to the hedonic consumption of palatable food, the homeostatic system and reward pathway may interact. Additionally, c-Fos expression was increased in satiety mediating brain regions of the homeostatic system, including the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsomedial hypothalamus. This suggests that the homeostatic system may compensate for the energy in the palatable food by reducing subsequent food intake through inducing satiety. Furthermore, following the consumption of SCM, c-Fos expression was increased in magnocellular oxytocin neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus. I demonstrated that the oxytocin system was activated by gut-brain signalling potentially involving the nucleus of the solitary tract. Therefore, the oxytocin system may be involved in homeostatic compensatory mechanisms triggered in response to the hedonic consumption of SCM, as part of a pathway mediating satiety. Moreover, I showed that c-Fos expression was also increased in the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) following the consumption of SCM. It has been previously shown that the SuM is involved in reward-related motivated behaviours and was recently implicated in the motivation to acquire and consume palatable food rewards. I also demonstrated that c-Fos expression in the SuM might be specific to the motivated consumption of palatable food, consistent with the SuM being involved in reward-related motivated behaviours. Furthermore, there is additional evidence from these studies that the SuM may functionally communicate with brain regions in the homeostatic and hedonic systems, including the lateral hypothalamus, dorsomedial hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area. Finally, I explored whether the gut-secreted orexigenic hormone ghrelin activates the SuM, as ghrelin may act at the SuM to influence feeding motivation. However, systemic ghrelin administration did not influence SuM c-Fos expression. As the SuM is activated following the consumption of SCM and may act as an interface between the homeostatic and hedonic systems, it is possible that the SuM could be a key component in the regulation of hedonic feeding. Using a rat model, I have shown that homeostatic compensatory mechanisms are triggered in response to the hedonic consumption of palatable, high-sugar food to regulate energy intake. This response is likely to involve homeostatic satiety mechanisms and interactions between multiple brain regions involved in the homeostatic and hedonic control of food intake. Overall, these findings shed light on how the homeostatic system responds to hedonic energy consumption and highlights specific brain regions that may be involved in hedonic feeding or homeostatic compensatory responses.
12
Acero, Darlene. "A Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intervention's Effect on Non-Nutritive Sweetener Consumers and Consumption Patterns." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101705.
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The overconsumption of added sugars leads to negative effects on health such as an increased risk for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. With approximately 50% of added sugars in the American diet being attributed to sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are recommended as potential replacements. The purpose of this secondary analysis of Talking Health, a 6-month SSB reduction intervention, was to explore 1) changes in NNS consumption patterns between SIPsmartER (n=101) and MoveMore (n=97) interventions, and 2) differences in demographics between three groups of various SSB-NNS consumption change patterns (Group 1: decreased SSB, increased NNS; Group 2: decreased SSB, no change in NNS; Group 3: increased SSB, regardless of NNS). Results showed that the SIPsmartER intervention significantly created more new NNS users than MoveMore after the 6 month intervention. There were significant between group over time differences for intake of aspartame, sucralose, and total NNS, with intake increasing for SIPsmartER participants as compared to MoveMore. However, when exploring demographics between the three SSB-NNS consumption change groups, no differences were found between those who successfully decreased SSB while increasing NNS and the other groups. While diet beverages were the most commonly consumed dietary source of NNS across groups over time, other sources such as tabletop sweeteners, yogurt, and meal replacement products contributed to total NNS intake. Future research is needed to identify those who would benefit most from using NNS as a tool to decrease SSB intake. This will help inform future interventions and provide appropriate strategies to decrease added sugars intake.Master of Science
13
Adhikari, Jayashan. "Impact of consumption temperature and additions (milk and/or sugar) on sensory properties of hot brewed coffee." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38256.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Human Nutrition
Edgar Chambers IV
The sensory properties of coffee are impacted by various factors such as coffee origin, degree of roasting and ways of consumption. This study analyzed impact of ways of consumption (1. consumption temperatures and 2. milk and/or sugar additions) on 38 flavor attributes of hot brewed coffee by descriptive sensory analysis. Different type of coffee samples (2 Arabica, 1 Robusta, and 1 Blended) were consumed at 50ºC, 60ºC and 70ºC. Results showed significant interactions of temperature and coffee samples for coffee like attributes such as coffee identity, fidelity, and blended. The consumption temperature played a major impact on perceived flavor attributes of coffee and influenced Arabica, Blended and Robusta coffee differently and we have to consider that when blending coffees. Coffee identity and fidelity significantly increased with an increase in all temperatures, but most attributes showed significantly higher intensity only for samples served at 70ºC regardless of insignificant differences at 60ºC and 50ºC. Three coffee samples (light, medium, and dark roasted) were tasted with and without milk or sugar. The data were submitted to principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The first 2 PC’s allowed to separate coffee into three categories and CA revealed similar distribution of coffee into three clusters. Coffee like attributes were seemed to play a more important role in the determination of clusters as the addition of milk and sugar decreased the intensity of key flavor attributes such as coffee identity, bitterness, fidelity, roasted, blended, and longevity. The flavor attributes of dark roasted coffee was more impacted by the addition of milk and sugar. Results suggested that the effect of addition (milk and/or sugar) is correlated to the degree of roasting and we have to consider the milk and sugar additions according to degree of roasting.
14
Riebl, Shaun Karl. "Understanding Adolescents' Sugary Beverage Consumption: A Review and Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73380.
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Introduction: Weight problems not only affect adults, but youth as well. Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is suggested to be a contributor to youth overweight and obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Parents, although probably not readily admitted by adolescents, are known to influence youth's dietary beliefs and practices. Using theoretical models, like the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) that accounts for intention, attitudes, norms, and perceptions of control, to develop interventions can be more effective in changing health-risk behaviors versus those not grounded in theory. Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on how the TPB has been applied to youth's diet-related behaviors was conducted. Subsequently, a mixed methods investigation of adolescents' (n=100) and parents' (n=66) SSB consumption and exploratory analysis of parents' responses to adolescents' beverage choices was carried out. Results: From 34 articles, attitude was identified as having the strongest relationship with behavioral intention (mean r=0.52), and intention as the most common predictor of youth's diet-related behavior (mean r=0.38, both p<0.001). However, in the mixed methods analysis adolescents' subjective norm was the strongest predictor of intention to limit sugary beverage consumption to less than one cup per day (b=0.57, p=0.001). Intention was the strongest predictor of SSB intake in parents and adolescents (b=-47, p=0.01; b=-37, p≤0.05). The TPB explained more variance in parents' SSB consumption than adolescents' (R²=0.22 versus R²=0.38, both p≤0.001, respectively). At lower levels of intention to limit SSB consumption and higher levels of parental encouragement to consume SSBs, adolescents' predicted SSB intake was highest (p=0.059) suggesting that some adolescents may be influenced by their parent's reactions to their sugary beverage choices while others may not. Conclusions: Intention appears to be a strong construct influencing adolescents' diet-related behaviors, specifically SSB consumption, and this intention may be influenced by parents and other social factors. Future work can tap into adolescents' peer network and role models or authority figures to identify how these groups and individuals influence and moderate the intention to limit sugary beverage consumption.Ph. D.
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Crosby, Benjamin Lloyd. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes in Vermont: Media Framing and Public Perception." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/696.
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This thesis explores the conversation surrounding the recent attempts by the Vermont Legislature to pass a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax in the years 2014-2016. We explore the common perceptions expressed by a sample of Vermont residents and also look at how Vermont media outlets portrayed the tax through frames of reference. Framing is a method of emphasizing certain points of an issue. This thesis reports the common opinions of Vermonters, the media framing of the issue, and if there is any relationship between them in two academic journal articles.
The first article looks at the common frames used in Vermont media during the 2014-2016 period. Classifying 10 pro- and anti-tax frames from 30 common arguments, the article analyzes the use of these frames, their prevalence in different news outlets, and their frequency during time periods. The article also looks at sponsors of these frames and measures which frames individuals and organizations are sponsoring. The study finds that anti-tax advocates most often cite economic hindrances as a reason to oppose the tax and pro-tax advocates predominately cite health benefits and economic tax benefits as a reason to support the tax. In the final year, pro-tax advocates sponsored economic benefits more than any other frames and this argument coincided with the statewide discussion of a budget shortfall.
The second article measures the relationship between the media portrayal of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage tax and the opinions of Vermont citizens regarding the tax. By looking at the prevalence of pro- and anti-tax frames usage in each year, a logistic regression model was built to measure the odds of people favoring tax based off of independent variables, including frames. Vermont residents fluctuated in their opinion of the tax over the years. It was found that in 2015, pro-tax frames made people more likely to support the tax. Democrats were also more likely to support the tax and Republicans were more likely to oppose the tax.
This thesis provides insight into the conversation surrounding Sugar-Sweetened Beverage taxes in Vermont. It helps to shed light on the issue, how different groups feel about the issue, and how frames of thought presented through the media can relate to Vermonters' opinion of the tax.
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Chan, Tol. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Frequency vs. BMI: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/186.
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Objective: Over the past several decades, increase in SSB consumption has coincided with increasing rates of obesity. This study evaluated the association between SSB consumption and BMI. Methods: FFQ data from NHANES 2003-2004 was used to examine 100% orange juice, sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, soft drinks, and other beverage consumption frequency vs. mean BMI. ANOVA, relative risk, and linear regression analyses were done. Results: ANOVA found significant differences in mean BMI across consumption frequencies for orange juice (p=.001), sugar-sweetened fruit drinks (p<.001), and soft drinks (p<.001). Increased risk of being obese was associated with increasing consumption frequency for orange juice (RR=1.282), sugar-sweetened fruit drinks (RR=1.417), and soft drinks (RR=1.749). Multiple linear regression found significant positive associations between mean BMI and sugar-sweetened fruit drinks (b=.056, p=.004) and soft drinks (b=.134, p=.001). Conclusion: This study found that mean BMI was positively associated with certain beverage consumption frequency (sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, soft drinks consumed during summer, soft drinks consumed during rest of year), but not others (100% orange juice). Fewer significant results were found when confounding variables were controlled. Drinking soft drinks or sugar-sweetened fruit drinks increased the risk of obesity more than drinking natural fruit juices.
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Li, Meng. "Relationships between body mass index of adolescents and consumption of fast food and sugar soda." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527390.
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Hoffmann, Debra A. "The Effects of Message Framing on Soda Consumption in Young Adults." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510591003418607.
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Fang, Xingzhi, and 方行陟. "A systematic review of the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on children and adolescent obesity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206908.
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Background
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSBs) among children and adolescents, particularly carbonated soft drinks, are always blamed to be the contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity. With the number of obese population increased, people become increasingly more focus on the relationship between SSB and the weight gain problems. However, because there are some characteristics of these beverages that people can get energy and happiness, so that people enjoy drinking sugar-sweetened beverage especially children who like sugar and sweet. So, people are still wondering the association between SSB and obesity.
Methods
A literature search was performed using Google scholar and Pubmed to locate all relevant articles in English that study the impacts of SSB on the weight gain and obesity on children and adolescent up to December 2013.
Findings
Eleven core references were found to study the association between SSB and the weight gain among children and adolescent including 4 randomized trial studies, 6 cross-sectional studies and 1 case-control study.
Conclusions
The data collected from large cross-sectional studies, especially the long-term studies shows that there is a positive association between the intake of SSB and the weight gain and obesity in children and adolescent. A case control study based on hospital shows that the children who with less soft-drink consumptions have lower prevalence of obesity and overweight. In addition, the randomized control trials indicate that the greater consumption of SSB, the easier to gain weights among children and adolescents. Although more evidence are needed, the sufficient evidence exists now are not encouraging the public to intake too many sugar-sweetened beverage as a healthy behavior.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Zhang, Qi. "Investigations on power consumption, pelleting temperature, pellet quality, and sugar yield in pelleting of cellulosic biomass." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15757.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Zhijian Pei
Donghai Wang
The U.S. economy has been depending on petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels (such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels). Currently, about 50% of petroleum used in the U.S. is imported. Petroleum is a finite and non-renewable energy source and its use emits greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop domestic sustainable alternatives for petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. Ethanol produced from cellulosic biomass can be such an alternative. However, several technical barriers have hindered large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing of cellulosic ethanol. One such barrier is related to the low density of cellulosic feedstocks, causing high cost in their transportation and storage. Another barrier is low efficiency in conversion of cellulose to fermentable sugar (pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are two major conversion processes), causing high cost in pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting increases both density and sugar yield of cellulosic feedstocks. Incorporating UV-A pelleting into cellulosic ethanol manufacturing may help realize cost-effective manufacturing of cellulosic ethanol. This PhD dissertation consists of 13 chapters. An introduction is given in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 presents a literature review on related topics. Experimental studies regarding effects of input parameters (such as particle size, pressure, and ultrasonic power) on output parameters (density, durability, stability, and sugar yield) are presented in Chapters 3–4. In Chapters 5–6, comparisons are made between UV-A pelleting and ring-die pelleting (a traditional pelleting method) in terms of pellet properties (density and durability), power consumption, and sugar yield under different conditions. Next, effects of input parameters (such as biomass type, particle size, moisture content, pelleting pressure, and ultrasonic power) on power consumption are studied in Chapters 7–9. Chapter 10 presents an investigation on biomass temperature in UV-A pelleting. Chapter 11 presents an investigation on effects of UV-A pelleting on sugar yield and chemical composition of cellulosic biomass. Chapter 12 presents an investigation on influence of UV-A pelleting on biomass characteristics (such as crystallinity index, thermal properties, and morphological structure). Finally, conclusions are presented in Chapter 13.
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Opoku-Acheampong, Audrey Anima. "Assessing physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption patterns of college students." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17557.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Human Nutrition
Tandalayo Kidd
Objective: The aims of this study were to test the effectiveness of a 15-month intervention in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among college students and to assess fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity habits and their relationship to SSB consumption in order to improve health outcomes. Design: Randomized, controlled study. Participants: One hundred and fifty-six college students (18-24 y) from a Midwestern university, primarily female (72%), white (89%) and freshmen (51%). Intervention: Participants were randomized to control and intervention groups. Participants in the control group received no information on healthful behaviors. The intervention occurred in two stages: 1) Participants received three stage-tailored messages on healthful behaviors weekly for 10 weeks; 2) After the 3-month physical assessment, participants received 3 stage-tailored messages monthly and one email encouraging them to visit the portal page. Main Outcome Measure(s): Stages of Change for physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake; self-reported physical activity scores, self-reported fruit and vegetable intake and SSB consumption habits. Analysis: Changes in SSB consumption patterns were determined using generalized linear mixed models and linear regression models tested associations between fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity and SSB consumption. Linear mixed models were used to explore relationship between stage of change and fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Results: The 15-month intervention did not significantly reduce SSB consumption in the intervention group (p > 0.05). Participants recorded low fruit and vegetable intake and moderate physical activity scores. Conclusions and Implications: The high SSB consumption and low fruit and vegetable intake observed could increase students’ risk for weight gain and obesity-related conditions. Thus, college campuses can help student maintain physical activity behavior while helping them to improve their eating habits.
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Morris, Sean. "An Analysis of Beverage Consumption in the United States Using the National Health and Examination Survey 2007-2017." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/984.
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) are liquids sweetened with various forms of added sugar. They are the leading source of calories and added sugar in the American diet (Drewnowski & Rehm, 2014; National Cancer Institute, 2016; Powell, Chriqui, Khan, Wada, & Chaloupka, 2013). The health and nutrition literature has increasingly identified added sugars and SSBs as a key potential contributor to a host of public health issues including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (Johnson et al., 2009; Malik, Popkin, Bray, Despres, & Hu, 2010; Vartanian, Schwartz, & Brownell, 2007). Concern about these public health crises has recently animated regional and local campaigns to attempt to limit consumption of these items through taxes and other policies. These policy proposals have raised demand for information and research about the drivers and effects SSB and beverage consumption in general.
This study documents the major systems that have been used to categorize different types of SSBs and proposes a new beverage categorization typology – the Synthesized Beverage Categorization System – that cross references information from the What We Eat In America Food Categories and the Food Patterns Equivalents Database to offer the most precise SSB typology available today.
The remaining sections use reported dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze consumption patterns of sugary beverage subtypes in a number of ways. First this study lays the groundwork for future studies of beverage consumption by examining consumption patterns of major SSB subtypes for adults and children by a number of variables commonly used in dietary intake analysis. Second, this article provides an analysis of sociodemographic trends in the consumption of several major sugary-beverage subtypes by age group, race and gender. Finally, consumption patterns of conventional and “non-traditional” SSBs are provided for the last 4 NHANES data collection cycles to analyze recent trends in reported intake of calories and added sugars from sugary beverages.
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Comber, Dana Lynn. "Individual and Worksite Environmental Factors Associated with Habitual Beverage Consumption among Overweight and Obese Adults." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32457.
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The number of overweight adults has risen to two-thirds of the population, thus increases in energy intake, particularly from beverages are of great concern. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake has increased by 222 calories in recent decades, which contributes a significant source of added sugars to the American diet. It has been reported that water consumers have a lower overall energy intake (~194 kcals) as compared to non-consumers of water therefore substituting water for SSBs may facilitate weight loss and weight management. Evidence also indicates that diet quality follows a socioeconomic gradient, and that the environment has a powerful influence on beverage consumption. Thus, modifying the food environment could be a promising strategy for promoting healthier beverage consumption behavior. A large portion of the US population spends their day at a worksite making the worksite a viable setting for implementing environmental approaches to promote effective behavior change. At this time, it is unclear if a reduction of SSB intake would be a viable dietary weight management intervention strategy. Therefore, our purpose was to determine if water, SSB intake, SSB energy, total beverage intake, and total beverage energy varies with individual and environmental factors among overweight and obese employees from 28 worksites involved in a randomized controlled weight management trial. These findings may contribute to the development of tailored weight management programs aimed to improve beverage consumption patterns.Master of Science
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Ferguson, Katherine E. "Demographic Factors and Beverage Consumption Patterns: Health Literacy, Education, and Income Level." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42513.
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Over the past several decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased to 68% of American adults1. During this same time period, there has been an increase in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. This increase in added sugar consumption, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages, has been theorized as a possible contributor to the obesity epidemic2,3,4. Sugar-sweetened beverages are the number one source of added sugars in the American diet and organizations such as the American Heart Association have addressed this issue of added sugar consumption due to its association with negative health outcomes5. A variety of demographic factors have been linked to increased added sugar consumption6. Health literacy is another variable which may influence beverage consumption patterns, specifically sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. To date only one study has investigated this association, and the authors reported an inverse relationship between health literacy scores and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption7. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine what demographic variables serve as predictors of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, water, milk, and total beverage calories. This could allow for appropriate interventions to be developed targeting healthier beverage consumption patterns in specific sub-populations.Master of Science
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Light, Heather. "The effect of consumption of different sugar-sweetened beverages on the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders in young female rats." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5327.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 77 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-77).
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Alhamad, Rahaf. "A Comparison of the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages by College Students in Body Mass Index Groups." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1618783798673423.
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Reinhold, Maggie Marie. "Exploring the Reach and Representativeness of Participants Enrolled in a Behavioral Intervention Targeting Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51180.
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BACKGROUND: Understanding the reach and representativeness of participants enrolled in behavioral trials, including nutrition and physical activity trials, helps inform the generalizability of study findings and potential public health impacts. Exploring the reach and representativeness of trials that target low socioeconomic and low health literate participants in rural and medically underserved areas, such as southwest Virginia (SWVA), is especially important. The proposed research is part of Talking Health, a six-month, pragmatic randomized-control trial aimed at decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption (SIPsmartER) as compared to matched contact control targeting improving physical activity (MoveMore). This community-based trial targets an 8-county region in SWVA. OBJECTIVES: Guided by the reach dimension of the RE-AIM framework, the primary objectives of this study were to determine if eligible and enrolled participants in the Talking Health trial were representative of: 1) eligible, but declined participants, and 2) the broader targeted 8-county region based on 2010 US county level census data. We hypothesized that eligible and enrolled participants would be represented in terms of age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, income, and health literacy when compared to eligible and declined participants, as well as to the broader US census data. We also hypothesized that males would be underrepresented. METHODS: Eligibility requirements for the study included being 18 years of age or older, having reliable access to a telephone, drinking 200 kilocalories of SSB per day, and being a resident of SWVA. A variety of recruitment strategies were used such as active recruitment at health departments, free clinics, and local businesses with help from Virginia Cooperative Extension agents along with passive methods such as flyers, newspaper ads, and word of mouth. The eligibility screener included basic demographic information such as gender, age, race, marital status, occupation, income, educational attainment, number of children in household, and insurance provider. The screener also had three validated subjective health literacy questions. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, Chi-square tests, and One Way ANOVA tests to examine the representativeness of enrolled participants. RESULTS: In total, 1,056 participants were screened, 620 were eligible (58.7%), and 301 (48.5%) enrolled. On average, demographic data for enrolled participants included: 93% Caucasian; 81.4% female; income of $23,173±$17,144; 32% high school (HS) education; and health literacy score 4.5±2.2(3=High, 15=Low). Among eligible participants, when comparing enrolled vs. declined participants there were significant differences (p<0.05) in educational attainment [enrolled=32% HS, declined=48% HS], health literacy scores [enrolled=4.5(2.2), declined=5.0(3.1)], gender [enrolled=81% female, declined=73% female], age [enrolled=41.8(13.4) years, declined=38.3(13.6) years], and race [enrolled=93% white, declined=88% white]. However there were no significant differences in ethnicity and income. When compared to average US Census data across the eight counties, enrolled participants had a higher educational attainment [enrolled sample=68%HS, Census=58%HS], higher proportion of females [enrolled sample=81%, Census=48%], and lower mean income [enrolled sample= $23,173, Census=$36,675]. There were no meaningful differences in terms of race and ethnicity between the enrolled sample and Census data. DISCUSSION: Contrary to our hypothesis, eligible and enrolled participants differed from non-enrolled participants in terms of age, race, education, and health literacy. Our enrolled sample was slightly older, predominately Caucasian, with higher educational attainment and higher health literacy. However, as hypothesized, there were no significant differences for ethnicity and income status, and men were underrepresented. When the study sample was compared to US Census data, the sample was well represented in terms of age, race, and ethnicity; however, enrolled participants had a much lower average annual income and a higher educational attainment. Men were also underrepresented when compared to the census data. There was no census data to compare health literacy status, which limits information regarding the representativeness of the enrolled sample. Importantly, this study has revealed the representativeness of individuals enrolled in this behavioral trial, helps inform the generalizability of study findings, and identifies future research for community-based studies targeting rural and medically underserved areas in SWVA. For example, future behavioral interventions need concerted recruitment strategies to target males, individuals with lower health literacy status, and individuals with less than a high school degree. Exploring and addressing barriers for study enrollment among these sub-groups is also important.Master of Science
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Sharma, Puja. "High Sugar Consumption Results in Mammary Epithelial Hyperplasia and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in a Mouse Model of Hyperglycemia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593268272488285.
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Monteiro, Manuel Francisco Fortes. "Segurança alimentar em Cabo Verde. Estudo de caso no concelho de Ribeira Grande, Ilha de Santo Antão." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5314.
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Mestrado em Agronomia Tropical e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaCape Verde is largely dependent on overseas countries with regard to food. Local production is limited, but relevant to food security. This dissertation aims to study the role that agricultural production, namely horticulture, production of rainfed crops and production of sugar cane has on the producers income, food security and improving the quality of life of households. We conducted a case study in the municipality of Ribeira Grande, island of Santo Antão. Surveys were conducted in the localities of Ribeirão and Garça de Cima (105 family household), equally distributed among horticulture farmers, producers of sugar cane and rainfed farmers. It was found that sugar cane producers have a median annual income greater than that of horticulture and rainfed farmers (402154, 337602 and 259764 cape verdeans escudos, respectively). In terms of quality of life indicators horticulture farmers and sugar cane producers have similar results, superior to the rainfed crops systems. In regard to nutritional status, the differences are not relevant. Horticulture farmers have a calorie intake of 2959.71, rainfed producers 2926.65 and producers of sugar cane 2888.86 kcal/EH/d. Regarding protein consumption, horticulture farmers have an intake of 103.12, rainfed farmers of 97.23 and sugar cane producers of 92.05 g/EH/d.
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Serafica, Reimund. "Dietary Consumption of Fat, Sugar, Fruits, and Vegetables, Dietary Acculturation and Anthropometric Indicators Among Filipino-Americans in North Carolina." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22066.
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The role of dietary acculturation and consumption of fat, sugar, fruits, and vegetables among Filipino- Americans (FAs) in the United States (US) remains unclear. Despite the growing numbers of FAs in the US, little is known about their dietary acculturation and fat, sugar, fruits, and vegetable consumption.
The purposes of this study were to describe the relationship among demographic variables, level of acculturation, dietary consumption of fat, sugar, fruits and vegetables and dietary acculturation among FAs and to describe the relationships among these variables to their anthropometric measurements.
The study sample consisted of 128 FAs (N = 128) residing in North Carolina (NC). The participants were recruited through churches, businesses, events and by word of mouth in Winston-Salem, NC. Participants completed the demographics, the Block’s Short Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ), a Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ASASFA), and the Dietary Acculturation Questionnaire for Filipino Americans (DAQFA). Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist and hip circumference were also taken from the participants. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) of each participant were also calculated. Changes in weight and waist were also determined by asking the participants if their measurements had changed since their arrival to US.
Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling was used to explore the predictive relationships between the latent (composite) variables constructed using principal components factor analysis and the indicator (manifest or predictor) variables measured by the researcher. The most important positive predictors of the anthropometric indicators were the Western Scale (path coefficient = .503, p < .05) and the intake of fats and sugars (path coefficient = .282, p < .05). Fruit and Vegetables (path coefficient = -.034), Acculturation (path coefficient = .035), the Filipino Scale (path coefficient = -.086) and Demographic factors (path coefficient = .133) were not significant predictors of the anthropometric measures at the .05 level. The implications were that a high number of food items chosen from the Western Scale, in combination with an increased intake of fat and sugar, predicted a significant increase in BMI, WHR, waist and weight circumference.
First generation FAs should be encouraged to decrease their fat and sugar consumption. Less acculturated FAs may also be encouraged to maintain their healthful dietary pattern. Nurses and family nurse practitioners who cater to the FAs may suggest alternative meal options to new FAs who are not familiar with US food selections and choices. Nurses and other healthcare practitioners should consider the positive and negative influences of dietary acculturation in their dietary education for FAs.
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Sillato, Copperstone Claire. "A novel dietary assessment tool and a feasibility study to improve sugar and water consumption in Maltese school children." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=202142.
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Obesity in children is a major public health concern in Malta with prevalence statistics placing 11-, 13- and 15- year old Maltese children at the top of the scale, when compared to other Westernised countries. Obtaining valid information on diets is therefore vital to improve aspects of dietary behaviour in this age group. The main aim of this project was to carry out a feasibility study to improve sugar and water intakes in Maltese school children using a validated dietary assessment tool, REALITYMALTA™. This is a novel internet-based tool originally developed at the Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health (RINH) and further upgraded, by incorporating local food and drink, for use in Maltese school children aged 9-11 years. Comparative results obtained using the new tool and a one day 24-hr MPR showed non-significant differences between the two tools for sugars, NMES and water, suggesting that it can be used with reasonable confidence to measure these nutrients in Maltese school children. Focus groups carried out in the pre-intervention period guided towards the development of a combined educational and environmental feasibility study carried out for a 12-week period in three local state schools. Educational sessions for parents and children were held, an educational leaflet was distributed, and free bottled water was supplied to the participating classrooms in the intervention schools. Nutrient results comparing the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods using the REALITYMALTA™ tool showed a significant reduction in caloric intake and a decrease, although non-significant, in sugars and NMES consumption. There were no statistically significant changes for water consumption. These encouraging results could provide baseline information for a future full scale trial. Further development work of REALITYMALTA™ is required to ensure the active participation of all those involved and to successfully improve dietary behaviour and reduce obesity in Maltese school children.
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Nanjappa, Sucharita. "Family functioning and frequency of sugar consumption by 3 and 4 year old children in Outer North East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2973.
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Dental caries is a public health problem affecting over 30% of 3.5 to 4.5 year old children in the UK. One of its most important determinants is frequent consumption of sugary foods, without which plaque bacteria cannot produce sufficient acids to demineralise tooth structure. The aim of this study was to identify the contribution of family functioning in the domains behaviour control, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, communication, problem solving and roles towards the frequent consumption of sugary foods by three and four year old children in Outer North East London. The research questions were explored with data from the Outer North East London Family Study (ONEL-FS), which collected data through home visits, by trained dentists and interviewers, from a representative sample of adults and children living in the London boroughs of Redbridge, Barking and Dagenham and Waltham Forest in 2008-10. This study analysed data (N=698) from three and four year old children and their mothers and included unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression and mediation analysis. The results showed that 17% of the sample consumed sugary foods more than 4/day which was significantly associated with behaviour-control (OR 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.57), affective-responsiveness (OR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.58), affective-involvement (OR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.60), communication (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.85) and roles (OR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.62), after adjusting for confounders. The significant association between mother’s education and children’s sugar consumption (OR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.58) was partially mediated through behaviour control, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, communication and roles. The significant association between mother’s ethnicity and sugar consumption (OR 3.46; 95% CI: 1.63, 5.25) was also partially mediated through these same five domains. The study findings contribute to the literature on protective influences within the family environment and confirm current knowledge regarding mother’s education and ethnicity.
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Lane, Hannah Grace. "Development and feasibility testing of a theory-based intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Central Appalachian adolescents." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72293.
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Children and adolescents consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) excessively, which is associated with childhood obesity, dental caries, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Interventions spanning the socio-ecological model (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental, policy) have been shown to reduce SSB consumption under controlled conditions. However, not much is known about their potential to work under "real-world" conditions. This information can ensure that effective programs reach populations that could most benefit, such as children and adolescents in Central Appalachia, who consume three to four times more SSBs than their American peers. Central Appalachia is a rural, geographically isolated region where attempts to reduce SSBs are challenged by limited resources, skepticism toward health programs/providers, and pervasive cultural norms around SSBs. This dissertation describes three studies (2014-2016) that address these challenges by testing multi-level interventions that prioritize cultural acceptability and feasibility. The first study was a systematic review of child and adolescent SSB studies using the RE-AIM (reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework to evaluate whether studies reported elements necessary for replicability, such as resources needed for delivery or factors that might prevent participation. The review revealed that available evidence does not provide this information, and recommended that future studies prioritize evaluating and reporting these elements. The second and third studies describe methods to test implementation of Kids SIPsmartER, a theory-based program targeting various socio-ecological levels, in an Appalachian Virginia county. The second study engaged a group on local middle school youth (n=9) in adapting the program, which targeted universal theoretical constructs, to ensure that it was culturally acceptable and demonstrated potential to generate community-wide changes. The third study used a randomized controlled design to determine whether Kids SIPsmartER was feasible as a school-based program. This study tested the program's potential reduce SSBs, as well as whether it was accepted, in demand, and able to be practically implemented within schools, the most common gathering place for rural adolescents. Taken together, these studies provide the foundation for larger, more controlled studies that prioritize both efficacy and replicability, in order to reduce the disproportionate burden of SSBs and associated diseases across Central Appalachia.Ph. D.
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Mislan, Hilary. "Sugary beverage consumption and risk for Type 2 Diabetes among people of Mexican origin an exception to the "Epidemiologic Paradox" /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3664.
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Bremer, Molly Catherine. "Dietary Intake Changes in Response to a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Reduction Trial for SNAP Participants and Nonparticipants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86237.
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It is unknown if participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) influences the magnitude of improvement in dietary intake in response to dietary interventions. Adults with low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have lower overall dietary quality as compared to those with higher SES. However, low SES adults are more likely to receive benefits from SNAP, which gives nutrition assistance to millions of eligible Americans. The objective of this investigation is to examine differences in dietary intake between 1) SNAP participants, 2) those eligible for SNAP but not receiving (nonparticipants), and 3) those ineligible for SNAP, in response to an intervention targeting a reduction in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Adult participants (n=146) from Southwest Virginia were enrolled in a 6-month, community-based trial, SIPsmartER. Participants provided SNAP enrollment status and 3 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline and 6-months. Dietary variables (SSB, macronutrients, etc.) and dietary quality data (Healthy Eating Index [HEI-2010]) were derived from nutritional analysis software (NDS-R 2011). Statistical analyses included descriptives and repeated-measures ANOVA. Although SNAP participation and eligibility status did not impact the overall effectiveness of this dietary intervention, the within group data suggests that those eligible for SNAP but not participating (n=30) may be at a disadvantage to improving their dietary intake as compared to those at a similar household income who receive SNAP benefits (n=56) or ineligible individuals at a higher income level (n=60). Future research is needed to explore if participant's ability to maintain long-term adherence to the dietary changes differs between groups.Master of Science
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MENESES, ROSA MARINA ROSAS. "EFFECT OF PRODUCT STANDARDIZATION IN THE CONSUMPTION AND IN THE CONSUMER WELFARE: CASE STUDY RELATED TO THE BRAZILIAN SUGAR CANE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35470@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Adequação e validação de métodos econométricos para quantificar o impacto da padronização (normalização) de produtos no consumo e no bem estar dos consumidores. Três são os objetivos centrais da presente pesquisa: (i) caracterização do impacto da implementação da padronização na produção de açúcar, (ii) desenvolvimento de metodologia para a quantificação do impacto da implementação da padronização (normalização de pré-medidos) sobre o nível de produção e, portanto, sobre o bem-estar dos consumidores e (iii) análise do acervo de normas e regulamentação técnica aplicável ao setor açucareiro. Como motivação o trabalho mostra que funções da tecnologia industrial básica constituem de fato instrumentos de redução da assimetria da informação. O trabalho se desenvolveu no recente contexto de implementação de políticas públicas sociais que visam à melhoria do bem-estar de consumidores de baixa renda. O trabalho se desenvolveu em conformidade aos seguintes preceitos metodológicos: (i) revisão da literatura relacionada à assimetria da informação com o propósito de comprovar a hipótese de que a padronização de produtos pode de fato reduzir a assimetria informação; (ii) análise econométrica das sérias históricas da produção brasileira de açúcar. Os resultados do trabalho mostraram que a padronização do açúcar (normalização de pré-medidos), se devidamente implementada, pode implicar na melhoria no bem estar dos consumidores. Uma análise contra-factual clássica dos resultados consolidados mostrou que a padronização brasileira do açúcar reduziu a assimetria da informação presenciada nesse mercado, impactando num aumento de cerca de 8 porcento na produção de açúcar em 2006 devido `a padronização do produto implementada em 1992. Como conclusão a análise econométrica permitiu mostrar que a padronização de produtos constitui-se numa ferramenta estratégica a serviço do Estado promover a competitividade e como instrumento de redução de assimetria da informação em benefício do consumidor e de redução de distorções de mercados.
There are two objetives in this Master dissertation in Metrology: (i) characterization of the impact of the implementation of the standardization in the production of sugar and (ii) development of methodology for quantifying the impact of the implementation of the standardization on the production level and, therefore, on the welfare of consumers. The work was motivated by the use of functions of basic industrial technology to reduce the asymmetric information as market failure is able to generate deficiencies. The investigation was developed in the recent context characterized by the implementation of social public policies aimed to improve the low income consumer s welfare. The work was developed in accordance to the following methodological precepts: (i) review of the literature on asymmetric information in order to verify the hypothesis that the products standardization can reduce the asymmetric information, generating an improvement in the consumer s welfare; (ii) econometric analysis of the Brazilian sugar production time series. As a result, the research shows that the sugar standardization, if correctly implemented, induces consumer s welfare. A contra-factual analysis of the consolidated results has shown that the Brazilian sugar standardization reduced the asymmetric information in this market. The impact of this policy was an increase in roughly 8 percent in the sugar production in 2006 due to the product standardization implemented in 1992. As a conclusion, the econometric analysis developed show that the standardization of products can be considered a powerful strategic tool. Not only to promote specific sector competitiveness, but also as an instrument to reduce the asymmetric information to the benefit of consumers.
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Palmgren, Josefin. "Läsk - flytande kalorier / Soft drinks - liquid calories." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28131.
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Bakgrund Idag diskuteras det mycket kring vilken roll sockerkonsumtionen kan spela gällande de ökande hälsoproblemen i samhället. På senare tid har det flytande sockret lyfts fram som en av de stora bovarna i dramat och forskning visar på att läsk bestående oberoende av vanligt socker eller artificiellt socker, kan påverka hälsan negativt.SyfteSyftet med undersökningen var att granska ungdomars läskkonsumtion samt att ta reda på deras motiv till varför de föredrar att dricka vanlig läsk respektive lightläsk. Det är även av intresse att undersöka eventuella könsskillnader. MetodUndersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av en enkätundersökning med intention att beskriva ungdomars läskkonsumtion. Valet av undersökningsmetod syftade till att ge bredd åt undersökningen. Undersökningen gjordes på tre stycken 0-9 skolor i Vellinge kommun. Undersökningen var en totalundersökning på årskurserna 7-9 vilket resulterade i att inget urval gjordes. Sammanlagt medverkade 221 elever i undersökningen.ResultatGenom undersökningen framgår det att de flesta, d.v.s. 163 stycken (73,8 %) av de medverkande eleverna dricker läsk 1-3 gånger per vecka. Resultaten visar även att pojkar har en statistiskt säkerställd benägenhet att dricka mer läsk än flickor. Vid valet av vanlig läsk respektive lightläsk är vanlig läsk populärast då 162 av de medverkande eleverna föredrar att dricka vanlig läsk medan endast 56 elever föredrar att dricka lightläsk.SlutsatsUngdomarna tycks vara belysta kring de aspekter som media berört gällande sockrets och sötningsmedlenas tänkbara effekter på hälsan, men saknar kunskap kring de faktiska bevis som finns. Därför är det viktigt att både föräldrar och skola figurerar som förebilder och visar var man står gällande hälsofrågor. Detta för att på sikt kunna få bukt med dagens ökande ohälsa bland barn och ungdomar. Dagens barn och ungdomar behöver både undervisning i och redskap till att utveckla en hållbar hälsosam livsstil.The pros and cons debate on the issue to what effect sugar has on our health, is widely spread today. During recent years liquid sugar has been identified as a major cause to the increasing health problems. The purpose of this thesis is to examine young peoples habits regarding consumption of soft drinks and to find out their motives and preferences for ordinary soft drinks respectively light soft drinks. It is also of interest to search for any variation in habits between the sexes. The survey, which included all students (221) at three 0-9 schools, was conducted by means of questionnaires in an opinion poll with the over all intention to describe young peoples consumption of soft drinks. The research shows that most young people drink soft drinks 1-3 times a week and that boys significantly drink a larger amount of soft drinks than girls do.The result also show that it is more popular to drink ordinary soft drinks than to drink light soft drinks.
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Olojugba, O. O. "The production, marketing and consumption of sugar containing foods and drinks in Ondo State, Nigeria, and its implication for dental health." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383215.
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Mardiyati, Nur. "Correlations between college students’ perception and goal of body weight, and their consumption behaviors of sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19228.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Human Nutrition
Tandalayo Kidd
Weiqun Wang
The number of overweight and obese college students in the United States has remained high, which could be related to the comfort food and beverages consumed. Sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes are beverages and comfort food commonly consumed by college students. Furthermore, people’s behavior is affected by their perceptions and goals. Thus, this study aimed to assess the correlations between the perception, goal of body weight, and sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes consumption behaviours of college students. A cross-sectional survey of 371 college students was conducted via a self-reporting questionnaire that included information related to sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potato consumption behavior in the past month. The involved students also described their body weight perception and future goal. Spearman correlation and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine the associations. There were significant associations (p<0.0001) between perception of body weight and goal of body weight, regular soda consumption and other sweetened beverage consumption, regular soda consumption and fried potato consumption, and other sweetened beverage consumption and fried potatoes consumption. In addition, there were significant correlations between goals of body weight and other sweetened beverage consumption (p=0.0370). These findings confirmed that perception of body weight was associated with goal of body weight and provided a significant importance for educational intervention to students on improving awareness of healthy body weight and eating.
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Johansson, Patricia. "Pedagogers syn på konsumtionen av socker och barns påverkan av pedagogers medhavda mat i förskolan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28309.
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Det har varit många debatter i den svenska media om sockerintag och forskning som visar att barn i dag äter mer godis, läsk, snacks och mindre av frukt och grönt. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka några pedagogers syn på kosten och dess sockerhalt i synnerhet, och de pedagogiska måltiderna i allmänhet, vid en förskola. Vad har pedagoger för syn på hur en bra förebild ska vara vid de pedagogiska måltiderna? Jag gjorde kvalitativa intervjuer med sex pedagoger. Kosten har förändrats mycket och sockerintaget har minskat på förskolan under de år de har arbetat, anser pedagogerna. Pedagogerna kan inte påverka kosten men kan välja att ta bort vissa livsmedel på avdelningen som de anser inte är nyttiga. Majoriteten av pedagogerna ansåg att det är viktigt att vara en bra förebild. Under de pedagogiska måltiderna är det viktigast att vara en bra förebild, som blir till ett pedagogiskt lärtillfälle.There have been many debates in the Swedish media about our sugar consumption, and research shows that children today are eating more candy, soda, snacks and less fruit and vegetables. The purpose of this paper is to examine some pedagogues’ views on diet and its sugar content, in particular, and the pedagogical meals in general, at a pre-school. What is pedagogues’ view of how a good role model should be at the pedagogical meals? I did qualitative interviews with six pedagogues. The pedagogues believed that the diet has changed a lot over the years and sugar consumption has decreased in pre-school during the years when they been working. The pedagogues can not affect the diet but can choose to remove some food at the department that they believe is not wholesome. The majority of pedagogues considered it important to be a good role model. During the pedagogical meals it is important to be a good role model; which becomes an educational learning opportunity.
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Lyra, Gabriel Albuquerque de [UNESP]. "Consumo de combustível de duas colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar em função da velocidade e rotação de motor." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90533.
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lyra_ga_me_botfca.pdf: 590042 bytes, checksum: fe8b33db7cea3a3888f4507511e1edd5 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro encontra-se em pleno processo de modernização, utilizando novas tecnologias em diversas áreas o que demanda mão-de-obra qualificada dos técnicos envolvidos. A atual realidade deste setor frente ao avanço da produção de cana-de-açúcar, aos problemas causados pela queima da palha e da crescente demanda por mecanização agrícola nas diversas etapas do processo produtivo, torna a modernização do campo um caminho inevitável. Um dos fatores que vêm sendo analisado e pesquisado de forma mais intensa é o consumo de combustível das colhedoras mecanizadas de cana-de-açúcar, visto que o mesmo está além dos valores estimados para essa operação. O alto consumo é decorrente da falta de treinamento adequado dos operadores, que trabalham com a máquina em potência máxima a maior parte do tempo, mesmo quando não é necessário. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar, para isso foram analisadas duas colhedoras: CASE IH modelo A8800, em canaviais de alta produtividade (mais de 100 t.ha-1), e CASE IH modelo A7700, em canaviais de menor produtividade (menos de 40 t.ha-1). As colhedoras foram avaliadas em três faixas de velocidade (5 a 6 km.h-1, 6 a 7 km.h-1 e 7 a 8 km.h-1) e três diferentes rotações do motor (1900 RPM, 2000 RPM e 2100 RPM). Os resultados mostraram que em canaviais de maior produtividade não foi viável utilizar a máquina na rotação de 1900 RPM, abaixo da recomendada pelos fabricantes (2100 RPM). A colhedora A8800 teve consumo horário médio menor, quando utilizada com 2000 RPM no motor (54,4 L.h-1). O mesmo ocorreu para o consumo de combustível por tonelada de cana-de-açúcar colhida, sendo o consumo a 1900 RPM do motor o mais alto (0,60 L.t-1). Nas áreas de menor produtividade o menor...
The Brazilian sugar and ethanol sector is in the process of modernization, by using new technologies in several areas which demand skilled labor of the technicians involved. The actual reality of this sector forward to advancing the production of sugar cane, the problems caused by the burning of straw and growing demand for agricultural mechanization in the different of the productive process, modernization of the countryside makes an inevitable path. One of the factors that have been examined and studied more intensively is the fuel consumption of mechanized harvesters for sugar cane, since it is beyond the estimated values for this operation. The high consumption results from the inadequate training of operators, working with the machine at full power most of the time, even when not necessary. This work was aimed at evaluating the consumption of sugarcane's harvesters, to do this two sugarcane's harvesters were analyzed: CASE IH model A8800 in sugarcane high yield (over 100 t.ha-1), and CASE IH model A7700, lower yield (less than 40 t.ha-1). The harvester were evaluated at three speed ranges (5-6 km.h-1, 6-7 km.h-1 and 7-8 km.h-1) and three different engine speed (1900, 2000 and 2100 revolutions per minute). The results showed that higher yield of sugarcane field was not viability of using the machine well below by the manufacturer recommended (1900 RPM). The harvester A8800 the meddle of hourly consumption was lower when used the engine to 2000 RPM (54.4 l.h-1). The same happened to the fuel consumption... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Morell, Martina, and Linda Csagola. "Vuxna individers grad av självtillit till att avstå från sockerhaltiga livsmedel i olika situationer." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vårdvetenskap med inriktning mot munhälsa, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-10143.
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Syftet med studien var att testa ett nykonstruerat instrument för att beskriva grad av självtillit till att avstå från sockerhaltiga livsmedel i olika situationer. Syftet var även att beskriva vuxna individers intag av sockerhaltiga livsmedel samt att beskriva skillnaden mellan sockerintag och självtillit. Urvalet bestod av 62 patienter som kommit för undersökning eller behandling till privata och folktandvårdskliniker. Data samlades in via enkät. Resultatet visade att 16 (26,2 %) individer åt sockerhaltiga livsmedel minst en gång per dag och 45 (73,8 %) åt sockerhaltiga livsmedel mer sällan än en gång per dag. Det mest förekommande sockerhaltiga livsmedlet var bullar, sockerkaka och andra mjuka kakor, 5 (8,7 %) individer intog dessa typer av livsmedel minst en gång per dag. Det minst förekommande sockerhaltiga livsmedlet var fruktsoppa och kräm, 40 (67,8 %) individer intog aldrig detta livsmedel. Medelvärdet för graden av självtillit till att avstå från sockerhaltiga livsmedel i olika situationer var 6,4 (SD 2,2) av 10 på en 11-gradig Likertskala. En signifikant skillnad kunde ses i graden av självtillit bland de som intog sockerhaltiga livsmedel minst en gång per dag jämfört med de som mer sällan intog sockerhaltiga livsmedel (t=3.036; p=0.004). Instrumentet hade ett Cronbach´s Alpha värde på 0.94, vilket visar en god reliabilitet. Utifrån de resultat som framkommit tycks individer med lägre grad av självtillit inta sockerhaltiga livsmedel oftare än individer med högre grad av självtillit. Instrumentet visade sig användbart.
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Lyra, Gabriel Albuquerque de 1988. "Consumo de combustível de duas colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar em função da velocidade e rotação de motor /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90533.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Kléber Pereira LançasBanca: Alberto Kazushi Nagaoka
Banca: Flavio Rielli Mazetto
Resumo: O setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro encontra-se em pleno processo de modernização, utilizando novas tecnologias em diversas áreas o que demanda mão-de-obra qualificada dos técnicos envolvidos. A atual realidade deste setor frente ao avanço da produção de cana-de-açúcar, aos problemas causados pela queima da palha e da crescente demanda por mecanização agrícola nas diversas etapas do processo produtivo, torna a modernização do campo um caminho inevitável. Um dos fatores que vêm sendo analisado e pesquisado de forma mais intensa é o consumo de combustível das colhedoras mecanizadas de cana-de-açúcar, visto que o mesmo está além dos valores estimados para essa operação. O alto consumo é decorrente da falta de treinamento adequado dos operadores, que trabalham com a máquina em potência máxima a maior parte do tempo, mesmo quando não é necessário. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar, para isso foram analisadas duas colhedoras: CASE IH modelo A8800, em canaviais de alta produtividade (mais de 100 t.ha-1), e CASE IH modelo A7700, em canaviais de menor produtividade (menos de 40 t.ha-1). As colhedoras foram avaliadas em três faixas de velocidade (5 a 6 km.h-1, 6 a 7 km.h-1 e 7 a 8 km.h-1) e três diferentes rotações do motor (1900 RPM, 2000 RPM e 2100 RPM). Os resultados mostraram que em canaviais de maior produtividade não foi viável utilizar a máquina na rotação de 1900 RPM, abaixo da recomendada pelos fabricantes (2100 RPM). A colhedora A8800 teve consumo horário médio menor, quando utilizada com 2000 RPM no motor (54,4 L.h-1). O mesmo ocorreu para o consumo de combustível por tonelada de cana-de-açúcar colhida, sendo o consumo a 1900 RPM do motor o mais alto (0,60 L.t-1). Nas áreas de menor produtividade o menor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Brazilian sugar and ethanol sector is in the process of modernization, by using new technologies in several areas which demand skilled labor of the technicians involved. The actual reality of this sector forward to advancing the production of sugar cane, the problems caused by the burning of straw and growing demand for agricultural mechanization in the different of the productive process, modernization of the countryside makes an inevitable path. One of the factors that have been examined and studied more intensively is the fuel consumption of mechanized harvesters for sugar cane, since it is beyond the estimated values for this operation. The high consumption results from the inadequate training of operators, working with the machine at full power most of the time, even when not necessary. This work was aimed at evaluating the consumption of sugarcane's harvesters, to do this two sugarcane's harvesters were analyzed: CASE IH model A8800 in sugarcane high yield (over 100 t.ha-1), and CASE IH model A7700, lower yield (less than 40 t.ha-1). The harvester were evaluated at three speed ranges (5-6 km.h-1, 6-7 km.h-1 and 7-8 km.h-1) and three different engine speed (1900, 2000 and 2100 revolutions per minute). The results showed that higher yield of sugarcane field was not viability of using the machine well below by the manufacturer recommended (1900 RPM). The harvester A8800 the meddle of hourly consumption was lower when used the engine to 2000 RPM (54.4 l.h-1). The same happened to the fuel consumption... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Najar, Carol Argelia, Jessi Nataly Vila-Quispe, Laura Astete-Robilliard, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Association between household socioeconomic level and consumption of fast food and soft drinks: A cross-sectional assessment of the Young Lives cohort in Peru." Asociacion Espanola de Dietistas-Nutricionistas, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655884.
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Introduction: The consumption of fast food and soft drinks is a risk factor for developing overweight and obesity. This study aimed at assessing if there is association between household socioeconomic level and the consumption of fast food and soft drinks among children. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional assessment of the data from the third round (2009-2010) of the youngest cohort of the Young Lives study in Peru was conducted. Sampling was conducted in three stages: In the first one, the country was divided into equal geographical regions, excluding the 5% of the richest district; in the second stage, 20 sentinel sites were chosen and an area within each sentinel site was selected. Finally, in the third stage, eligible children were selected. Outcomes were the self-reported consumption of fast food and soft drinks (never, sometimes, and always), whereas the exposure was household socioeconomic status (in quintiles). Crude and adjusted models were created between variables of interest using Poisson regression models, with robust variance, to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Data of 1901 children, of which 942 (49.6%) were girls, with a mean age of 7.5 (SD: 0.5) was analyzed. A total of 24.1% (95%CI: 22.2%-26.1%) reported always consuming fast food, whilst this number was 22.4% (20.5%-24.3%) for soft drinks. Compared to the lowest socioeconomic quintile, those who were in higher socioeconomic status had more probability of consuming fast food and soft drinks (Chi-squared for trends <0.001). The highest socioeconomic quintile had a greater probability to always consume fast food (PR=1.42; 95%CI: 1.08-1.88) and soft drinks (PR=1.71; 95%CI: 1.24-2.37). Conclusions: This study shows that there is a significant association between the household socioeconomic level and the consumption of soft drinks and fast food.Revisión por pares
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Albarelli, Juliana Queiroz. "Produção de açúcar e etanol de primeira e segunda geração : simulação, integração energética e análise econômica." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266572.
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Orientadores: Maria Aparecida Silva, Adriano Viana EnsinasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Nesta tese, utilizou-se o simulador comercial Aspen Plus® para simular o processo de produção conjunta de açúcar, etanol e eletricidade em uma usina convencional e a produção de etanol e eletricidade em uma destilaria autônoma. A integração dos processos e diferentes usos para o bagaço excedente foram estudados. Foram avaliadas modificações nos processos convencionais para aumentar a produção de eletricidade e a produção de etanol de segunda geração, utilizando como matéria prima o bagaço ou fração fina do bagaço composta por células de parênquima (fração-P). Os casos estudados também foram avaliados economicamente e quanto à captação de água, propondo alternativas para minimização desta. Os resultados indicaram que a integração energética dos processos convencionais minimizou a quantidade de vapor necessária, disponibilizando uma maior quantidade de bagaço para outros usos. O uso do bagaço excedente, em conjunto com a palha, como combustível em um sistema de cogeração com a instalação de uma turbina de condensação, permitiu o aumento da eletricidade disponível em 244%, quando utilizada a maior quantidade de palha admitida para o caso estudado para a destilaria autônoma. Os casos que estudaram a fração-P apresentaram maior produção de energia elétrica e produção de etanol/t material lignocelulósico do que os casos de segunda geração a partir do bagaço. Todos os casos apresentaram captação de água superior à permitida no Estado de São Paulo, 1 m3/t de cana de açúcar, sendo desta forma considerada a concentração da vinhaça e o aproveitamento, após tratamento, da água de lavagem do material pré-tratado, para os casos de segunda geração. A análise econômica mostrou que é possível aumentar a lucratividade dos processos convencionais, a longo prazo, com modificações no sistema de cogeração resultando em pouca alteração no tempo de retorno do investimento. O uso da fração-P para produção de etanol de segunda geração, tendo como pré-tratamento LHW e utilizando custo baixo para as enzimas, se apresentou igualmente atrativo, do ponto de vista econômico, ao melhor caso estudado de modificações no sistema de cogeração. Menores tempo de retorno, rentabilidade do investimento e lucratividade, a longo prazo, foram encontrados para os casos que consideraram a produção conjunta de açúcar e etanol. A viabilidade econômica dos processos de segunda geração apresentou-se altamente dependente do custo das enzimas
Abstract: In this thesis, the commercial simulator Aspen Plus® was used to simulate the conventional mill producing sugar, ethanol and electricity and the autonomous distillery producing ethanol and electricity. The integration of processes and different uses for the surplus bagasse were studied. It was evaluated changes in conventional processes to increase electricity production and the production of second generation ethanol using bagasse or bagasse fine fraction composed by parenchyma cells (fraction-P). The cases were economically evaluated and water uptake was analyzed, alternatives were proposed to its minimization. The results indicated that the energy integration of the conventional processes minimized the amount of steam, it provided a larger amount of bagasse for other uses. The use of bagasse, together with sugarcanetrash, as a fuel to the cogeneration system considering the installation of a condensation turbine led to an increase of 244% in the available electricity when using the higher amount of sugarcane-trash studied for the autonomous distillery. The cases that studied the P-fraction showed higher production of electricity and ethanol/t lignocellulosic material than the cases of second generation that used bagasse. All cases presented water uptake higher than allowed in the state of São Paulo, 1 m3/t de sugarcane, therefore, it was considered the concentration of vinasse and recovery of wash water from the pre-treated material, for the second generation cases. The economic analysis showed that it is possible to increase the profitability of the conventional processes, in the long term, with changes in the cogeneration system resulting in little change in the payback time of the investment. The use of P-fraction for production of second generation ethanol, with the LHW pretreatment and considered low cost of the enzymes, was equally attractive, from an economic point of view, to the best studied case of changes in the cogeneration system. Lower payback time, return on the investment and long-term profitability were found for cases that considered the joint production of sugar and ethanol. The economic viability of the second generation process presented itself highly dependent to the enzyme cost
Doutorado
Engenharia Química
Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Armentrout, Jenny A. "Sugar, Salt, and Fat: Michelle Obama's Rhetoric Concerning the Let's Move! Initiative, Binary Opposition, Weight Obsession, and the Obesity Paradox." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1307554274.
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Claro, Rafael Moreira. "Influência da renda familiar e dos preços dos alimentos sobre a composição da dieta consumida nos domicílios brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-28092010-112102/.
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Objetivos: Estudar a influência que a renda das famílias e os preços dos alimentos exercem sobre a aquisição de alimentos mais saudáveis (frutas e hortaliças, F&H) e menos saudáveis (bebidas adoçadas, BA). Metodologia: Utilizaram-se dados sobre aquisição de alimentos coletados pela Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF), realizada entre julho de 2002 e junho de 2003 pelo IBGE em uma amostra probabilística de 48.470 domicílios do país. A influência da renda familiar e do preço de frutas e hortaliças e de bebidas adoçadas sobre seu consumo foi estudada empregando-se técnicas de análise de regressão múltipa para estimação de coeficientes de elasticidade, controlando-se variáveis sócio-demográficas e preço dos demais alimentos. Resultados: Com a diminuição do preço de F&H haveria aumento da participação desses alimentos no total de aquisições: 10 por cento de redução nos preços de F&H aumentaria em 7,9 por cento sua participação no total calórico. Com o aumento da renda familiar também haveria aumento na participação calórica de F&H: 10 por cento de aumento na renda aumentaria em 2,7 por cento a participação de F&H no total calórico. O efeito dos aumentos de renda tendeu a ser menor nos estratos de maior renda. Haveria significativa redução na aquisição de bebidas adoçadas frente a aumentos no seu preço: para cada 10 por cento de aumento nos preços de bebidas adoçadas haveria uma redução de 8,4 por cento no consumo desses produtos. Aumentos na renda familiar também influenciariam o consumo de bebidas adoçadas, mas com efeito oposto e de magnitude inferior à metade do observado com o aumento de preços: para cada 10 por cento de aumento na renda familiar haveria um aumento de 4,1 por cento no consumo de bebidas adoçadas. Conclusões: Políticas de ajuste de preços como a imposição ou isenção de uma taxa podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas na promoção da alimentação saudável no país, seja estimulando o consumo de alimentos saudáveis ou desestimulando o consumo de não saudáveisObjectives: To study the influence of family income and food prices on the acquisition of items that act as indicators of a healthy (fruits and vegetables, F&V) or an unhealthy (sugar-sweetened beverages, SSB) food intake. Methods: We used data from the Household Budget Survey (HBS) carried out by IBGE between July 2002 and June 2003 in a probabilistic sample of 48,470 Brazilian households. The influence of family income and the price of fruit and vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages on its consumption was studied employing techniques multiple regression analysis to estimate elasticity coefficients, controlling for demographic variables and price of other foods. Results: Reducing the price of F&V would increase its participation on total food purchases: 10 per cent reduction in prices of F&V would increase by 7.9 per cent its share of total calories. The increase in family income would also increase the proportion of calories from F&V: 10 per cent increase in income would increase by 2.7 per cent the participation of F&V on total calories. The effect of a raise in income tended to be lower in higher income groups. On the other hand, an increase in the price of SSB would result in considerable reduction in its consumption: for every 10 per cent increase in the prices of SSB a reduction of 8.4 per cent in the consumption would be expected. Increases in income also influence the consumption of SSB, but having the opposite effect, and magnitude less than half that observed for the increase in prices: each 10 per cent increase in family income would increase by 4.1 per cent the consumption of SSB. Conclusions: Public policies aiming the adjustment of prices - as the imposition or exemption of a tax - can be used as a tool in promoting healthy eating in Brazil, either encouraging the consumption of healthy foods or discouraging the consumption of unhealthy products
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Miño, Cerda Rodrigo. "Análisis y proyecciones del consumo per-cápita de azucar en Chile, período 1975-2003." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101805.
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Bueno, Milena Baptista. "Consumo de açúcares de adição entre adultos e idosos: inquérito populacional do município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-13042009-133504/.
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Evidências científicas apontam para os efeitos indesejáveis do açúcares de adição na saúde, especialmente, cáries e a associação com consumo excessivo de energia e, conseqüentemente, com o ganho de peso e diluição de outros nutrientes. A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda limitar o consumo em 10% do valor energético total (VET). Apesar do Brasil ser um dos principais produtores mundiais de açúcares proveniente de cana, não há estudos populacionais que investiguem o consumo de açúcares nesta população. Este trabalho apresenta três artigos relacionados ao consumo de açúcares de adição obtido por inquérito populacional domiciliar entre adultos e idosos residentes do município de São Paulo. Os objetivos foram: analisar a associação entre variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de estilo de vida e consumo de açúcares de adição; investigar o consumo de açúcares de adição e sua relação com o consumo de energia e nutrientes; identificar a relação entre consumo de refrigerantes, como uma das principais fontes de açúcares de adição, e variáveis de estilo de vida, antropométricas e sociodemográficas. Obteve-se uma amostra probabilística de 1311 indivíduos (689 adultos e 622 idosos) por conglomerados. Aplicou-se um recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e um segundo recordatório em uma subamostra. O consumo alimentar habitual de energia, nutrientes e alimentos foi estimado pelos métodos propostos pela Iowa State University (ISU) e pelo National Cancer Institute (NCI). A média do percentual do VET proveniente de açúcares de adição foi de 9,13% (IC95%: 8,88; 9,37) entre adultos e 8,42% (IC95%: 8,16; 8,67) entre idosos (p<0,05). O percentual de indivíduos que ingere açúcares de adição acima de 10% do VET foi de 38,0% e 25,4% entre adultos e idosos, respectivamente. Mulheres consomem açúcares em maior quantidade do que homens (p<0,05). Faixa etária e número de bens duráveis estiveram associados à adequação do consumo de açúcares entre adultos enquanto que entre idosos observou-se associação para escolaridade. O maior consumo de açúcares associou-se ao menor consumo de alguns nutrientes, como proteína, fibras, zinco, ferro, magnésio, potássio, vitamina B6 e folato. A participação do refrigerante na contribuição de açúcares de adição foi entre 13,83% (mulheres idosas) a 38,1% (homens adultos). O consumo de refrigerantes foi maior entre os mais jovens, do sexo masculino e não subrelatores do consumo energético. Somente entre adultos, o índice de massa corporal associou-se ao consumo de refrigerantes (b=0,09; p=0,034). Medidas de saúde pública para limitar o consumo de açúcares e refrigerantes poderiam beneficiar a população na promoção da saúde.Scientific evidences point to the undesirable effects of the added sugar in the health, such as: dental caries, excess of energy intake and, consequently, weight gain and dilution of nutrients. The World Health Organization recommends to limit the consumption in 10 % of the energetic intake (EI) from added sugar. In spite of Brazil is one of the principal world-wide producers of sugar from cane, there are no survey that investigate the consumption of sugars in this population. This thesis presents three papers related to added sugar consumption obtained by population-based survey between adult and elderly in Sao Paulo. The objectives were: to analyze the association between demographic, socioeconomics and life style variables and added sugar consumption; to investigate the consumption of added sugar and his relation with the energy and nutrients intake; to identify the relation between consumption of soft drinks, like one of the main source of added sugar, and demographic, socioeconomics, nutritional state and life style variables. The probabilistic sample of 1,311 individuals (689 adults and 622 elderly) was obtained using multistage cluster samples. Data was collected through 24-hour food recall, including a second round of data collection in a subsample. Usual intakes of energy, nutrients and food were estimated by Iowa State University (ISU) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods. Mean contribution of added sugars to total energy intake was 9.13% (95% CI: 8.88; 9.37) between adults and 8.42% (95% CI: 8.16; 8.67) between elderly (p<0.05). The frequency of individuals that ingests added sugars above 10% of EI was 38.0% and 25.4% between adult and elderly, respectively. Women consume more sugars than men (p <0.05). Age and number of durable goods were associated to the recommendation of added sugars consumption between adults whereas between elderly association was observed for schooling. The highest sugar consumption was associated with the lower nutrients intake, like proteins, fibers, zinc, iron, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B6 and folate. Soft drink contributed 13.83% (elderly women) to 38.1 % (adult men) for added sugar. The consumption of soft drinks is higher between younger, male and not consumption underreported. Only in adults, the body mass index was associated with consumption of soft drinks (b = 0.09; p=0.034). Measures of public health to limit the consumption of sugars and soft drinks might benefit the population in the promotion of the health.
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Ribas, Bruna Luiza Paulina. "Associação de fatores dietéticos com fatores prognósticos em pacientes com doença aterosclerótica manifesta." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3942.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo. Uma vez já ocorrido o desfecho clínico cardiovascular, a prevenção secundária é fundamental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adequação do consumo alimentar de vitaminas e minerais antioxidantes, e associar o consumo de bebidas açucaradas à variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas em pacientes com aterosclerose manifesta participantes do projeto Dieta Cardioprotetora Brasileira. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo transversal aninhado a um ensaio clínico randomizado, com a utilização de dados secundários referente à primeira consulta de todos os pacientes incluídos no projeto. Foram coletados dados clínicos, antropométricos, bioquímicos e alimentares. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa GraphPad® Prism 5. A amostra foi composta por 2172 pacientes com doença aterosclerótica manifesta, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (58,5%), idosa (63,6%), de nível econômico C (57,3%), com escolaridade fundamental (45,8%), sedentários (65,8%), com excesso de peso (62,7%) e com doença arterial coronariana tratada (69,0%). O consumo alimentar de vitaminas e minerais antioxidantes foi inadequado, com exceção da vitamina C que foi adequada em homens e em mulheres e do zinco em mulheres. O consumo de bebidas açucaradas foi associado a maiores valores de índice de massa corporal (p= 0,029), circunferência da cintura (p= 0,004) e triglicerídeos (p= 0,023). Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de intervenção nutricional, especialmente sobre o consumo desses nutrientes e do desaconselhamento em relação ao consumo de bebidas açucaradas, a fim contribuir na prevenção de um novo evento cardiovascular.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. Once cardiovascular clinical outcome hás occurred, secondary prevention is fundamental in these patients. The objective of this study was to compare dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and minerals with proposed daily intake recommendations and also to analyze possible associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and anthropometric and biochemical variables in patients with established atherosclerosis in Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program). A cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data of a randomized clinical Trial referring to the first visit of all patients included in project. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPad® Prism 5. The sample consisted of 2,172 patients, most of them male (58.5%), elderly (63.6%) from C economic level (57.3%), with elementary school (45.8%), sedentary (65.8%), overweight (62.7%) and treated coronary artery disease (69.0%). The dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and minerals has been inadequate, with the exception of vitamin C that has been adequate in men and women and zinc in women. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with higher values of body mass index (p = 0.029), waist circumference (p = 0.004) and triglycerides (p = 0.023). These results emphasize the need for nutritional intervention, especially on consumption of these nutrients and the advice to avoid consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, in order to prevent occurrence of new cardiovascular event.