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Lasrado, Flevy, Mohammed Arif, and Aftab Rizvi. "The determinants for sustainability of an employee suggestion system." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 32, no. 2 (2015): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-02-2013-0035.
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Purpose – Although the corporations widely use the suggestion schemes to elicit the creative ideas of their employee, sustaining a suggestion scheme is still a challenge. Employee suggestion schemes have been studied from many perspectives to illustrate its objectives, nature, content, process, significance and the benefits. Arguments have also been made with respect to the success and failures of the suggestion schemes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors to assess the sustainability of a suggestion system. Design/methodology/approach – This paper thus explores the critical success factors of suggestion scheme through a literature review and filters the critical determinants for sustainability of suggestion using factor analysis. The data collection was done using a survey technique. Findings – The results identity the five major factors as determinants to sustainability of a suggestion system as reported in the paper. Originality/value – This paper has made an attempt to explore the determinants to assess the sustainability of a suggestion system and has contributed toward the new knowledge in terms of sustainability of a suggestion system.
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Lasrado, Flevy, Mohammed Arif, Aftab Rizvi, and Chris Urdzik. "Critical success factors for employee suggestion schemes: a literature review." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 24, no. 2 (2016): 315–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-04-2014-0753.
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Purpose Employee suggestion scheme (ESS) have existed for many years and many articles have been published over the past decades. They have been studied from many perspectives to illustrate their objectives, nature, content, process, significance and the benefits. Arguments have also been made with respect to success and failures of the suggestion schemes. Although the corporations widely use the suggestion schemes to elicit the creative ideas of their employees, sustaining a suggestion scheme is still a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to extract the critical success factors and critical success criteria to the suggestion scheme and to discuss the importance of these factors on sustainability of suggestion system. This is a literature review paper. Design/methodology/approach This is a literature review paper. The research used the university library to search for the relevant material. The university has an access for 25,000 journals. As the university had the subscription to main databases such as EBASCO, SCIENCE DIRECT, EMERALD, Google Scholar and WILEY, a search was performed on these databases using the key terms. The keywords used in the searches included: Suggestion System, Suggestion Scheme, Employee Participation, Employee Involvement, Innovation, Employee Creativity and Ideas Management. The Google Scholar citation tab was also searched further to identify any related articles. The citations of resulting articles were scrutinized further for further clues. Findings This paper identifies 23 critical success factors and 9 critical success criteria for suggestion schemes. It also discusses the interconnection between the critical success factors and the critical success criteria. Further, the frequency of each of the factors is also presented. It recognizes the lack of work on the assessment framework for sustainability of a suggestion scheme. Practical implications This paper should be of value to practitioners of suggestion schemes and to academics who are interested in knowing how this program has evolved and where it is today and what future it holds. It offers practical help to an individual starting out on research on the sustainability of suggestion schemes. Originality/value The paper attempts to put together many factors discussed in the literature and proposed a definition to define the sustainability of the suggestion system and categorized them as critical success factors and critical success criteria.
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Lasrado, Flevy, and Boštjan Gomišček. "A Tool to Measure Maturity of an Employee Suggestion Scheme." Management and Production Engineering Review 6, no. 2 (2015): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2015-0011.
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Abstract Employee Suggestion Schemes have been used in organizations for a long time due to the fact that they enable fostering of creative ability of employees. However, they must be used effectively and in a sustainable manner to better the creativity and innovation capacity of organizations in order to improve competitive advantage. Therefore there is a need to understand the maturity of Employee Suggestion Schemes. This paper proposes a new, structured evaluation tool for assessing an organizational Employee Suggestion Scheme maturity. It suggests five building blocks: Leadership and Work Environment, System Capability, System Effectiveness, Organizational Encouragement and System Barriers, each of them characterized by several relevant indicators and an assessment/grading scale in order for an organization to be able to determine the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme as: Initial stage, Development stage or Advanced stage. Organizations should apply this tool to assess the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme and draw a roadmap for its improvements.
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Lasrado, Flevy. "Assessing sustainability of employee suggestion schemes: a framework." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 7, no. 4 (2015): 350–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-12-2014-0056.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the employee suggestion scheme of three organizations based in the United Arab Emirates. A framework that consists of five sustainability factors identified based on an empirical study has been applied. The sustainability factors identified through this study include leadership and organizational environment, system capability, system effectiveness, organizational encouragement and system barrier. The paper draws conclusions about the key practices necessary to foster sustainability of the employee suggestion system. The paper then presents a final framework that the organizations can apply to assess their suggestion schemes and to develop potential change strategies. The study findings reveal the importance of five factors, and with more cases, future research can be conducted to identify further practices relevant to specific industry. More levels of maturity for sustainability suggestion system could also be defined with future research. Design/methodology/approach – The assessment framework was developed drawing on a thorough review of the literature and data collected and analyzed using various statistical tools. The developed assessment framework was validated using case study method. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit relevant information during the case study. Findings – An assessment framework comprising five major factors for sustainability of suggestion scheme of has been presented. The five factors include: leadership and work environment, system capability, system effectiveness, organizational encouragement and system barriers. Sustainability of a suggestion system can be understood as a three-stage model comprising three stages: the initial stage, the developmental stage and the advanced stage. The key practices associated for each of these stages are discussed in detail. Research limitations/implications – The framework has taken into consideration the critical success factors, and critical success factors emerged from the literature review conducted for this study. The framework therefore could be further refined by conducting more case studies and can propose maturity levels. Originality/value – The paper has developed a framework that can be used to assess the sustainability of the suggestion scheme in an organization. This model has been applied to assess the individual schemes and draw upon potential change strategies.
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LEACH, DESMOND J., CHRISTOPHER B. STRIDE, and STEPHEN J. WOOD. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IDEA CAPTURE SCHEMES." International Journal of Innovation Management 10, no. 03 (2006): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919606001521.
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Innovation at work is mainly driven by employees' ideas. This paper reports a study of the effectiveness (e.g., rate of suggestion making) of schemes for capturing these ideas. Based on a survey of 182 UK organizations, the study shows that decentralized suggestion schemes and work-based systems are more effective than centralized and informal schemes. The extent of planning, publicity, feedback and management support given to the scheme, and the type of reward offered to employees, also independently account for variation in effectiveness. Publicity and non-monetary rewards, though, are found to be most decisive, regardless of scheme type. Learning culture also affects the rate of suggestion making, though the effect is greater for centralized and decentralized schemes than for the others. The key implication of the findings is that by paying particular attention to how they are advertised and how participation is rewarded, organizations could improve the return on their idea capture schemes.
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Mehrajunnisa, Mehrajunnisa, and Fauzia Jabeen. "Antecedents to employee suggestion schemes: the study of UAE." TQM Journal 32, no. 3 (2020): 497–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-12-2018-0217.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is identifying and ranking the various antecedents or enablers that will enhance performance through employee suggestion schemes (ESSs) in various sector-specific businesses based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), an emerging Arab country.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize the factors affecting ESS. The AHP model was developed with five criteria and 24 subcriteria based on the interactional theory of organizational creativity. Data were collected through interviews with 27 top-level managers and industry experts from nine government agencies, nine semigovernment agencies, and nine privately owned UAE-based businesses.FindingsThe findings show that leadership support and management style, individual attributes, and corporate strategy are the most important factors that influence performance through ESS.Research limitations/implicationsThe research model had limited dimensions and the findings cannot be generalized. To generalize the findings, the study should be carried out in other GCC countries because of homogeneity in the political, organizational, and sociocultural context. The outcome of the study provides both organizational and managerial implications for the better organizational performance through ESS.Originality/valuePast studies on ESS have neglected the construct of individual characteristics of employees that generate novel ideas. This paper addresses the gap of sector-specific studies by considering that individual attributes of creative people as individuals are the heart of innovation, along with contextual factors that could help organizations to transform innovative engines through ESS. The originality of this research stems from a reliable and valid framework that can be subsequently used for driving performance through ESS. This study is a relevant contribution to both the academic literature and practical implications.
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Milner, Eileen, Margaret Kinnell, and Bob Usherwood. "Employee suggestion schemes: a management tool for the 1990s?" Library Management 16, no. 3 (1995): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01435129510083008.
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Ekvall, Göran. "Participation and Creativity: New Forms of Suggestion Schemes in Sweden." Creativity and Innovation Management 4, no. 3 (1995): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.1995.tb00218.x.
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Jabeen, Fauzia, Khalid Mehmood, and Mehrajunnisa Mehrajunnisa. "Strategic drivers to promote employee suggestion schemes in GCC organizations." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 8, no. 3 (2020): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-07-2019-0066.
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PurposeThis study applies a decision support tool to prioritize the various drivers that influence employee suggestion schemes (ESSs) in both public and private organizations based in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries for better organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing theories of organizational creativity, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model was developed with 5 criteria and 24 sub-criteria. Data were collected from executives (n = 48) from both public and private organizations in the GCC. Later, the data were interpreted with a priority vector assigned to each criterion and sub-criterion.FindingsThe results indicate that leaders/management support, individual traits and organization culture are the key drivers that influence employees' involvement in an ESS.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to a small sample size, and data were collected only in three GCC countries. The study provides insights into ESS in the context of developing countries and is a relevant contribution to both theory and practice. The results will be of interest to businesses and academics for improving understanding on the various enablers of successful employee participation programme implementation and subsequent increase in organizational performance in the GCC.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study is that it resolves the lack of empirical research in the Middle East countries/GCC. The transition phase of knowledge-based economies highlights the significance of innovation and creativity through active employee participation to improve business results. The study attempts to prioritise both individual- and organizational-level drivers for promoting ESS by leveraging theories of creativity in alignment with the GCC National Innovation Agenda. This study can be generalized from the GCC context due to homogeneity in organizational governance and cultural aspects.
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Lasrado, Flevy, Bostjan Gomiseck, and Christopher Uzbeck. "Effectiveness of employee suggestion schemes – from critical success factors to outcomes." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 9, no. 1 (2017): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-08-2016-0058.
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Purpose Past studies have noted the important role of employee suggestion system (ESS) within the organizations. The use of ESS has been shown to help organizations address improvement- and cost-related problems. The advantages of ESSs are not limited to improving a work-related performance but can also lead to innovations through employees’ creativity. Creative ideas are very important for organizations to build its competitive advantage. Therefore, it is important to identify and understand the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of employee suggestion scheme and its success which has not been well-studied. This study aims to provide decision-makers within organizations with a deeper understanding of the factors that need to be considered in organizing and managing ESSs for its maximum effectiveness Design/methodology/approach An analysis of 273 surveys collected from several organizations with ESS experience in the United Arab Emirates was conducted. Survey scales were developed based on previous research and hypotheses are stated. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Correlation analysis were used to understand the interrelations among the five factors Findings Results suggest that the four critical success factors, namely, system capability, organizational encouragement, leadership support and employee participation, are positively related to the ESS outcome and its valuable predictors. Some managerial implications of the results of this study are important to note. It is critical for managers to establish rewards, evaluation, feedback and awareness of ESS. Originality/value On the basis of a possible future extended research scope in combination with a qualitative research methodology, one could deepen the understanding of influence of country of origin and of institutional mechanisms that might explain higher effectiveness of ESS outcome This appears to be the first published research study to link critical success factors for maximum effectiveness of ESSs.
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Yu, Chuan. "Identification and Treatment Suggestion of a Building Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 1257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.1257.
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Through the investigation, detection, analysis and study of cracks in concrete beam and concrete floorslab of a residential project in Shandong Province, this paper aims to determine the cracks type and the causes, and assess the impact on the project. Then, the appropriate and corresponding schemes for handling concrete cracks will be developed and for similar projects, this paper proposes some reasonable suggestions as well.
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Lasrado, Flevy, M. Arif, and Aftab Rizvi. "Employee suggestion scheme sustainability excellence model and linking organizational learning." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 23, no. 3 (2015): 425–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-04-2014-0754.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a sustainability assessment model and to discuss the implications for organizational learning. Paper presents a sustainability excellence model comprising of three stages and discuss the good practices for sustaining the employee suggestion scheme. Design/methodology/approach – The assessment framework was developed drawing on a thorough review of the literature and data collected and analyzed using various statistical tools. The developed assessment framework was validated through a case of an organization based in the United Arab Emirates. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit relevant information during the case study. Findings – An assessment framework comprising five major factors for sustainability of suggestion scheme of has been presented. The five factors include: leadership and work environment, system capability, system effectiveness, organizational encouragement and system barriers. Sustainability of a suggestion system can be understood as a three-stage model comprising the initial stage, the developmental stage and the advanced stage. The key practices associated for each of these stages are discussed in detail. Practical implications – The framework has taken into consideration the critical success factors and critical success factors emerged from the literature review conducted for this study. Therefore, the framework could be further refined by conducting more case studies and can propose maturity levels. Originality/value – The paper has developed a framework that can be used to assess the sustainability of the suggestion scheme in an organization. This model has been applied to assess the individual schemes and draw upon potential change strategies.
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Sundar, Suhan, and Mahesh Prabhu H. "The Impact of Quality Management Practices, Training and Employee Suggestion Schemes on Quality Performance." International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management 1, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpqm.2019.10016193.
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Sundar, Suhan, and H. Mahesh Prabhu. "The impact of quality management practices, training and employee suggestion schemes on quality performance." International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management 28, no. 2 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpqm.2019.102921.
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Jegstrup, I., R. Thon, A. K. Hansen, and M. Ritskes Hoitinga. "Characterization of transgenic mice—a comparison of protocols for welfare evaluation and phenotype characterization of mice with a suggestion on a future certificate of instruction." Laboratory Animals 37, no. 1 (2003): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367703762226647.
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A thorough welfare evaluation performed as part of a general phenotype characterization for both transgenic and traditional mouse strains could not only contribute to the improvement of the welfare of laboratory animals, but could also be of benefit to scientists, laboratory veterinarians and the inspecting authorities. A literature review has been performed to identify and critically evaluate already existing protocols for phenotype and welfare characterization. There are several relevant schemes available, among others the SHIRPA method, the modified score sheet of Morton and Griffiths, the FRIMORFO phenotype characterization scheme and the behavioural phenotype schemes as described by Crawley. These protocols have been evaluated according to four goals: Their ability (1) to reveal any special needs or problems with a transgenic strain, (2) to cover the informational needs of the purchaser/user of the strain, (3) to refine the welfare of the transgenic animal model by identifying relevant humane endpoints, (4) to prevent the duplication of animal models that have already been developed. The protocols described are useful for characterizing the phenotype and judging welfare disturbances, however the total amount of information and the degree of detail varies considerably from one scheme to another. We present a proposal regarding the practical application of the various schemes that will secure proper treatment and the identification of humane endpoints. It is advocated that with every purchase of a particular strain, an instruction document should accompany the strain. This document needs to give detailed descriptions of the typical characteristics of the strain, as well as necessary actions concerning relevant treatment and humane endpoints. At the moment no such documents are required. The introduction of these types of documents will contribute to improvements in animal welfare as well as experimental results in laboratory animal experimentation.
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Reyes, Fernando, and Rafael Kelly. "Experimental Evaluation of Identification Schemes on a Direct Drive Robot." Robotica 15, no. 5 (1997): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574797000659.
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This paper describes the experimental evaluation of three identification schemes to determine the dynamic parameters of a two degrees of freedom direct-drive robot. These schemes involve a recursive estimator while the regression models are formulated in continuous time. The fact that the total energy of robot manipulators can be represented as a linear relation in the inertial parameters, has motivated the suggestion in the literature of several regression models which are linear in a common dynamic parameter vector. Among them, in this paper we consider the schemes based on the filtered dynamic regression model, the supplied energy regression model and a new one proposed in this paper: the filtered power regression model. The underling recursive parameter estimator used in the experimental evaluation is the standard least-squares.
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AHOLA-LAUNONEN, JOHANNA. "Humanity and Social Responsibility, Solidarity, and Social Rights." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 25, no. 2 (2016): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180115000481.
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Abstract:This article discusses the suggestion of having the notion of solidarity as the foundational value for welfare scheme reforms. Solidarity is an emerging concept in bioethical deliberations emphasizing the need for value-oriented discussion in revising healthcare structures, and the notion has been contrasted with liberal justice and rights. I suggest that this contrast is unnecessary, flawed, and potentially counterproductive. As necessary as the sense of solidarity is in a society, it is an insufficient concept to secure the goals related to social responsibility. The discussion on solidarity is also based on a questionable sense of nostalgia. Furthermore, solidarity and liberal justice share essential objectives concerning welfare schemes; therefore, the question arises whether the proper comparison should in the first place be within justice and solidarity.
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THEAKSTON, ANNA L., ELENA V. M. LIEVEN, JULIAN M. PINE, and CAROLINE F. ROWLAND. "Note of clarification on the coding of light verbs in ‘Semantic generality, input frequency and the acquisition of syntax’ (Journal of Child Language 31, 61–99)." Journal of Child Language 33, no. 1 (2006): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000905007178.
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In our recent paper, ‘Semantic generality, input frequency and the acquisition of syntax’ (Journal of Child Language31, 61–99), we presented data from two-year-old children to examine the question of whether the semantic generality of verbs contributed to their ease and stage of acquisition over and above the effects of their typically high frequency in the language to which children are exposed. We adopted two different categorization schemes to determine whether individual verbs should be considered to be semantically general, or ‘light’, or whether they encoded more specific semantics. These categorization schemes were based on previous work in the literature on the role of semantically general verbs in early verb acquisition, and were designed, in the first case, to be a conservative estimate of semantic generality, including only verbs designated as semantically general by a number of other researchers (e.g. Clark, 1978; Pinker, 1989; Goldberg, 1998), and, in the second case, to be a more inclusive estimate of semantic generality based on Ninio's (1999a,b) suggestion that grammaticalizing verbs encode the semantics associated with semantically general verbs. Under this categorization scheme, a much larger number of verbs were included as semantically general verbs.
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Ben, Cheng, Zhen Xing Li, Dan Feng Xu, and Lin Juan Wu. "Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Parameters and Transposition Schemes." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.223.
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Double-circuit transmission lines parameters symmetry would affect the normal operation of the transmission lines and relay protection actions directly. This paper analyzes the impacts of three different phase sequence arrangements on parameters symmetry of conventional un-transposed double-circuit lines, and requirements can be met by the parameters symmetry for double-circuit transmission lines with different types and different length. Took practical engineering requirements into consideration, a simple and admissible suggestion on phase sequence arrangements and the transposition modes is given. The research results provide useful guidance and reference for future designs of double-circuit lines, especially for the compact one.
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Chen, Yan, and Jun Liu. "Analysis on the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway Ticket Discount Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2429.
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In June 2012, the beijing-shanghai high-speed railway began time-phased preferential policies on parts of the high-speed trains' seats. By studying the data from questionnaire survey in the Beijing South Railway Station, Shanghai Hongqiao Station, and on T109 & T110 train, this article put forwards some discount schemes to meet the demand of passengers, and uses revenue model to provide reasonable discount suggestion.
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Marchington, Mick. "The Growth of Employee Involvement in Australia." Journal of Industrial Relations 34, no. 3 (1992): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569203400306.
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In recent years, a number of case studies have reported a growth in the extent of direct employee involvement in specific workplaces in Australia. On the basis of secondary analysis of the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey data, the author demonstrates that this is in fact a more general phenomenon, even at workplaces where unions have traditionally been well organized. At the same time, the overall pattern of growth has been tempered by a smaller but not insignificant number of deaths as schemes have been discontinued. Suggestion schemes and quality circles have been the techniques most likely to show a high rate of attrition as well as growth, thus demonstrating a high degree of instability. It is suggested that the changing nature of employee involvement, as well as its fluidity, has potential implications for managements and trade unions.
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Roberts, Evan. "“Don't Sell Things, Sell Effects”: Overseas Influences in New Zealand Department Stores, 1909–1956." Business History Review 77, no. 2 (2003): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30041146.
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In the years before World War II, New Zealand department stores became increasingly influenced by American ideas about salesmanship. This involved a shift away from British precepts about retailing, which discouraged initiative by sales-people and emphasized service. Stores that adopted American ideas were trying to become more competitive and began to appeal to working- and middle-class consumers. They imported the concept of “suggestion selling” and the idea of pushing complementary goods. New Zealand merchants modified American methods by relying on the use of manuals and bulletins to train salespeople and, unlike American stores, did not introduce commission payment schemes.
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Fan, Li Jun. "Research on the Zero-Bit Watermarking Algorithms Based on the Matrix Decomposition for Digital Images." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.674.
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Due to the problem that the many digital images can be modified more and more easily, watermarking algorithms are proposed. There are many types of digital watermarking algorithms, such as robust digital watermarking algorithms, watermarking schemes for authentication, and reversible digital watermarking algorithms. However, there are some special images, such as the digital medical images for remote treatment, the military images for tracking object, and the remote sensing images, and they are so sensitive to any modification that we should authenticate the copyright by special technique. And this technique is zero-bit watermarking algorithms. In this paper, about zero-bit watermarking algorithms are surveyed. The basic procedures of these classical algorithms are analyzed, and some suggestion about the zero-bit algorithms is given.
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Boucht, Johan. "Extended Confiscation and the Proposed Directive on Freezing and Confiscation of Criminal Proceeds in the EU: On Striking a Balance between Efficiency, Fairness and Legal Certainty." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 21, no. 2 (2013): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-21022024.
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This article consists of a principled analysis of extended confiscation as a legal phenomenon according to Article 4 of the Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the freezing and confiscation of proceeds of crime in the European Union (COM (2012) 85 final). The analysis aims at creating a theoretical framework by which the legitimacy of schemes on extended confiscation can be assessed, both at EU level and at national level. This model utilises three parameters of assessment: the target area of extended confiscation, procedural safeguards and fairness (proportionality). The Commission proposal is set against these parameters and a suggestion is made for how the provision in the proposal could be revised in order to better fulfil the conditions put forward.
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Harré, Rom. "Nagel's Challenge and the Mind-Body Problem." Philosophy 74, no. 2 (1999): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819199000285.
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Nagel has argued that the ‘mind-body’ problem, as traditionally conceived, is insoluble. His challenge to philosophers is to devise a metaphysical scheme that incorporates materialist concepts in describing first person experience and mentalistic concepts in describing third person experience, such that the internal relations between the concepts thereby constructed are necessary. Nagel's own suggestion, a scheme not unlike the ‘underlying process’ schemes of the physical sciences, seems to lead him towards a covert materialism. Progress can be made in meeting the challenge by tackling the problem first by taking the units in each ‘sphere’ to be brains and persons. I show that a metaphysics based on the metaphor of person defined tasks and materially defined tools does satisfy both Nagel's challenge conditions. To devise a scheme for qualia and brain-states I turn back to Locke's presentation of the primary/secondary quality distinction. This depends on the concept of a causal power, grounded in material states of the world. While this scheme is inadequate, a variation, based on Gibson's concept of an affordance, and drawing on Bohr's resolution of the seeming incompatibility between wave and particle ontologies for physics, is promising. The world, whatever it is, affords material states to our perceptual apparatus, and mental states to our proprioceptual apparatus. The mental states/brain states duality is not a duality of types of states, which might stand in causal relations to one another, but is a duality of means of access to two classes of affordances of whatever the world is. There is no mind-body problem in the traditional sense, namely ‘How could a material state cause or be caused by a mental state?’
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Laudel, Grit, Jana Bielick, and Jochen Gläser. "‘Ultimately the question always is: “What do I have to do to do it right?”’ Scripts as explanatory factors of career decisions." Human Relations 72, no. 5 (2018): 932–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718786550.
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In this article, we address one of the recurrent problems of career theory, namely the integration of individual agency and structural conditions of action in explanations of career decisions, and through them, career trajectories and their outcomes. We draw on Barley’s suggestion to include scripts as mediating between institutions and individual actions. By theoretically specifying scripts as collectively shared interpretive schemes that describe successful careers, we are able to introduce them as a specific factor that contributes to the explanation of career decisions. We demonstrate with a study of German early career researchers in two fields how scripts can be empirically identified and used in combination with other explanatory factors. Our analysis demonstrates how the concept ‘career script’ captures a specific social influence on career decisions that is different from rules governing behaviour and individual interests, goals and plans for a career.
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Moon, Heeseung, Dongsu Lee, Jeongmin Han, Yongtae Yoon, and Seungwan Kim. "Impact of Imbalance Pricing on Variable Renewable Energies with Different Prediction Accuracies: A Korean Case." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133976.
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Although the Korean government plans to increase its share of variable renewable energies (VREs), the Korean power market is not sufficiently mature to accommodate a large increase in VRE generation. Thus, the Korean system operator plans to introduce a two-settlement, and an imbalance settlement is also under consideration, among several options. Therefore, this study analyzes how many incentives are given for prediction accuracy under several imbalance settlement schemes adopted from European and US power markets. Results show that the imbalance settlement consisting of threshold and penalty terms is useful for rule-makers, who can control revenue differences between the groups with different prediction accuracies by adjusting the two terms. The suggestion given in the paper will be useful for not only the Korean power market but also for the countries that plan to establish the imbalance settlement rules while increasing renewable energy.
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Liu, Yuan, Licheng Wang, Xiaoying Shen, and Lixiang Li. "New Constructions of Identity-Based Dual Receiver Encryption from Lattices." Entropy 22, no. 6 (2020): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060599.
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Dual receiver encryption (DRE), being originally conceived at CCS 2004 as a proof technique, enables a ciphertext to be decrypted to the same plaintext by two different but dual receivers and becomes popular recently due to itself useful application potentials such secure outsourcing, trusted third party supervising, client puzzling, etc. Identity-based DRE (IB-DRE) further combines the bilateral advantages/facilities of DRE and identity-based encryption (IBE). Most previous constructions of IB-DRE are based on bilinear pairings, and thus suffers from known quantum algorithmic attacks. It is interesting to build IB-DRE schemes based on the well-known post quantum platforms, such as lattices. At ACISP 2018, Zhang et al. gave the first lattice-based construction of IB-DRE, and the main part of the public parameter in this scheme consists of 2 n + 2 matrices where n is the bit-length of arbitrary identity. In this paper, by introducing an injective map and a homomorphic computation technique due to Yamada at EUROCRYPT 2016, we propose another lattice-based construction of IB-DRE in an even efficient manner: The main part of the public parameters consists only of 2 p n 1 p + 2 matrices of the same dimensions, where p ( ≥ 2 ) is a flexible constant. The larger the p and n, the more observable of our proposal. Typically, when p = 2 and n = 284 according to the suggestion given by Peikert et al., the size of public parameters in our proposal is reduced to merely 12% of Zhang et al.’s method. In addition, to lighten the pressure of key generation center, we extend our lattice-based IB-DRE scheme to hierarchical scenario. Finally, both the IB-DRE scheme and the HIB-DRE scheme are proved to be indistinguishable against adaptively chosen identity and plaintext attacks (IND-ID-CPA).
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Liu, Yuan, Yun Pan, Lize Gu, Yuan Zhang, and Dezhi An. "Attribute-Based Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme from Lattices with Short Ciphertext." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656764.
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Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a good choice for one-to-many communication and fine-grained access control of the encryption data in a cloud environment. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows cloud servers to make valid operations on encrypted data without decrypting. Attribute-based fully homomorphic encryption (ABFHE) from lattices not only combines the bilateral advantages/facilities of ABE and FHE but also can resist quantum attacks. However, in the most previous ABFHE schemes, the growth of ciphertext size usually depends on the total number of system’s attributes which leads to high communication overhead and long running time of encryption and decryption. In this paper, based on the LWE problem on lattices, we propose an attribute-based fully homomorphic scheme with short ciphertext. More specifically, by classifying the system’s attributes and using the special structure matrix in MP12, we remove the dependency of ciphertext size on system’s attributes ℓ and the ciphertext size is no longer increased with the total number of system’s attributes. In addition, by introducing the function G − 1 in the homomorphic operations, we completely rerandomize the error term in the new ciphertext and have a very tight and simple error analysis using sub-Gaussianity. Besides, performance analysis shows that when ℓ = 2 and n = 284 according to the parameter suggestion given by Micciancio and Dai et al., the size of ciphertext in our scheme is reduced by at least 73.3%, not to mention ℓ > 2 . The larger the ℓ , the more observable of our scheme. The short ciphertext in our construction can not only reduce the communication overhead but also reduce the running time of encryption and decryption. Finally, our scheme is proved to be secure in the standard model.
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Edwards, Rebecca. "Politics, Social Movements, and the Periodization of U.S. History." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 8, no. 4 (2009): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400001432.
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It may be perilous for a member of the Society of Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era to propose, in the Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, that we cease using the term “Gilded Age” as a label for the late nineteenth century. Since I admire Mark Twain, who famously coined the term in a novel that he cowrote with Charles Dudley Warner, such a suggestion feels disloyal if not downright un-American. But in struggling recently to write a synthesis of the United States between 1865 and 1905 (cutoff dates that I chose with considerable doubt), it became apparent to me that “Gilded Age” is not a very useful or accurate term. Intended as an indictment of the elite, it captures none of the era's grassroots ferment and little of its social and intellectual complexity. A review of recent literature suggests that periodizing schemes are now in flux, and a reconsideration may be in order.
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Kelly, T. F., P. P. Camus, D. J. Larson, and L. M. Holzman. "Atom probes of the future." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100171900.
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Atom probe microscopy, which is based on the first ever atomic-scale imaging technique, field ion microscopy (FIM), has entered a new era in its development. Three-dimensional atom probes (3DAP) are now operating which produce 3D images with atomic scale resolution. It appears that the technology will soon be at hand to make 3DAPs do everything that their predecessor, the conventional atom probe, now does and also reach the third dimension. These microscopes will be simpler, smaller, faster, and much more powerful than the conventional atom probe. Several developments are responsible for this suggestion. 1) Rapid pulsing schemes are being developed which will make it possible to achieve on the order of 106 pulses per second. 2) Highspeed position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) have been designed which can detect several ions in a givenpulse with very high precision. 3) New specimen geometries will soon become possible which will revolutionize the atom probe. Let us consider the ramifications of each of these developments in turn.
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Schuss, Matthias, Farhang Tahmasebi, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "A Web Based Data Processing Concept for Building Diagnostics and Performance Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.641.
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Buildings are responsible for a major amount of the annual energy consumption. A detailed recording and evaluation of building data could provide a deeper understanding of building operation schemes and the corresponding performance. This could help building owners and operators to evaluate and better understand the actual situation. Based on this (real-time) data an optimized operation scheme can be designed and implemented for future time steps. Additionally, a more detailed understanding of the impact of previous building systems interactions will be possible. The building automation industry and the related service provider sector are actually providing proprietary solutions for data logging, visualization and energy optimization. Such solutions are regularly integrated into their own specific software of the used proprietary building management solutions. As an alternative, we suggest an Internet of Things (IoT) and web services inspired concept for the implementation of a generic web service for building diagnostics. Our suggestion encompasses a holistic performance evaluation that considers both the energy consumptions and delivered building service. In this contribution, a general design of a web service based solution is presented and the future possibilities for data access from various sources are discussed. Furthermore, details of actually developed and demonstratively implemented software components for data preprocessing are presented. Data processing examples for different types of data are included and highlight the potential of such web-based approaches. Moreover, possibilities for improved building control by the use of web services for operation schedule generation or model predictive control are illustrated and critically debated.
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Maleewong, Krissada, Chutiporn Anutariya, and Vilas Wuwongse. "Enabling Intelligence in Web-Based Collaborative Knowledge Management System." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 2, no. 1 (2011): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssoe.2011010103.
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This paper presents an approach to enhance various intelligent services of a Web-based collaborative knowledge management system. The proposed approach applies the two widely-used argumentation technologies, namely IBIS and Toulmin’s argumentation schemes, to structurally capture the deliberation and collaboration occurred during the consensual knowledge creation process. It employs RDF and OWL as its underlying knowledge representation language with well-defined semantics and reasoning mechanisms. Users can easily create knowledge using a simple corresponding graphical notation with machine-processable semantics. Derivation of implicit knowledge, similar concept discovery, as well as semantic search, are also enabled. In addition, the proposed approach incorporates the term suggestion function for assisting users in the knowledge creation process by computing the relevance score for each relevant term, and presenting the most relevant terms to users for possible term reusing or equivalence concepts mapping. To ensure the knowledge consistency, a logical mechanism for validating conflicting arguments and contradicting concepts is also developed. Founded on the proposed approach, a Web-based system, namely ciSAM, is implemented and available for public usage.
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COULE, D. H. "ENTROPIC ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 06 (2003): 963–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803003530.
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Penrose1 has emphasized how the initial big bang singularity requires a special low entropy state. We address how recent brane cosmological schemes address this problem and whether they offer any apparent resolution. Pushing the start time back to t = -∞, or utilizing maximally symmetric AdS spaces, simply exacerbates or transfers the problem. Since the entropy of de Sitter space is S ≤ 1/Λ, using the present acceleration of the universe as a low energy (Λ ~ 10-120) inflationary stage, as in cyclic ekpyrotic models, produces a gravitational heat death after one cycle. Only higher energy driven inflation, together with a suitable, quantum gravity holography style, restriction on ab initio degrees of freedom, gives a suitable low entropy initial state. We question the suggestion that a high energy inflationary stage could be naturally reentered by Poincaré recurrence within a finite causal region of an accelerating universe. We further give a heuristic argument that the so-called eternal inflation is not consistent with the second law of thermodynamics within a causal patch.
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Tawfik, Christine, and Sabine Limbourg. "Pricing Problems in Intermodal Freight Transport: Research Overview and Prospects." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093341.
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The aim of this paper is to consider the topic of pricing decisions in the context of intermodal transport as a subject of significant influence on intermodality’s success and the move towards environment friendly modes to bring about a European sustainable transport system. We review the state of research in intermodal pricing from an Operational Research (OR) perspective as a subject with a vital link to energy consumption and sustainability assessment. In particular, we study freight transport within a revenue-maximizing perspective. Driven by the political incentives to enhance its challenged market position, we direct our discussion to the particular gap in optimization approaches that tackle service prices as explicit tactical decisions from the carriers’ point of view. A suggestion to utilize the bilevel programming framework in the present context is put forward, as well as an account of its widely successful application to similar hierarchical decision schemes. Different approaches to express the shippers’ behaviour—the potential intermodal transport customers—within the lower level problem are proposed, along with the modelling implications of different possible objectives as well as the multimodal network structures.
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Lin, Shu, Dengfeng Fu, Zefeng Zhou, Yue Yan, and Shuwang Yan. "Numerical Investigation to the Effect of Suction-Induced Seepage on the Settlement in the Underwater Vacuum Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (2021): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080797.
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Vacuum preloading combined with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) has the potential to improve the soft sediments under water, however, its development is partly limited by the unclear understanding of the mechanism. This paper aims to extend the comprehension of the influential mechanism of overlapping water in the scenario of underwater vacuum preloading with PVDs. The systematic investigations were conducted by small strain finite element drained analyses, with the separated analysis schemes considering suction-induced consolidation, seepage and their combination. The development of settlement in the improved soil region and the evolution of seepage flow from the overlapping water through the non-improved soil region into improved zone are examined in terms of the build-up of excess pore pressure. Based on the results of numerical analyses, a theoretical approach was set out. It was capable to estimate the time-dependent non-uniform settlement along the improved soil surface in response to the combined effects of suction-induced consolidation and seepage. The difference of underwater and onshore vacuum preloading with PVDs is discussed with some practical implication and suggestion provided.
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Selinger, Evan, Jesús Aguilar, and Kyle Powys Whyte. "Action Schemes: Questions and Suggestions." Philosophy & Technology 24, no. 1 (2010): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13347-010-0007-2.
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Finashutina, Yu P., A. V. Misyurin, T. V. Akhlynina, et al. "PRODUCTION OF PURIFIED HUMAN RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN PRAME AND SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 14, no. 3 (2015): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2015-14-3-29-36.
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Tumor antigens recognized by CTLs have been identified several years ago and are major targets for creating anticancer vaccines. PRAME is an antigen which is highly expressed in various malignant tumors including melanomas and hematopoietic malignancies such as acute and chronic leukemias (AML, CML). Technology for producing recombinant antigen PRAME is based on creating a bacterial producer strain containing cDNA of human PRAME gene. We have obtained two producers of recombinant PRAME protein and its N-half, the synthesis of the target protein in the producers occurs in the inclusion bodies. The schemes of isolation and purification of soluble proteins have been developed. The protein purity was approximately 95-96%. The monoclonal antibodies raised against truncated recombinant PRAME were used for PRAME protein analysis by Western blot on the various tumor cells. Specific monoclonal antibodies recognized the native PRAME protein in tumor cell lines as well as in tumor samples from patients. Our findings support the suggestion that this recombinant antigen may be further used as a target for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The monoclonal antibodies can be used for immunoassays of tumor samples from patients with hematologic malignancies to reveal clinical features and to monitor tumor progression.
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Reynolds, L. "Sheep and Goat Production in Hot Climates." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 1 (January 1, 1996): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol1iss0pp121-128.
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This paper discusses the reasons for keeping small ruminants and investigates the areas in which technological improvements are likely to have most impact in increasing the output from sheep and goat enterprises in hot climates. The most important areas in which biological manipulation can raise productivity lie in the areas of improved nutrition and increased survival of young animals. Nutritional studies of animals receiving diets of natural tropical grazing and browse may not reflect the rations actually consumed due to the ability of animals to select high quality forage from what is on offer. One suggestion is made as to how this selection can be exploited to increase the productivity of the herd as a whole. Improved health care offers the largest potential for increases in productivity by reducing the large mortality of young animals seen in many tropical production schemes. Much of this mortality has its roots in parasite infection. Anthelmatics have proved valuable for short term therapy but the speed at which parasites become resistant to drugs indicates that selective breeding of animals with resistance to parasites is a more valuable long term solution.
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XU, XU, JIAWEI LUO, and YUANTONG GU. "COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF A 3-D SMALL-WORLD NETWORK WITH TIME DELAYS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 11 (2012): 1250281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412502811.
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The paper presents a detailed analysis on the collective dynamics and delayed state feedback control of a three-dimensional delayed small-world network. The trivial equilibrium of the model is first investigated, showing that the uncontrolled model exhibits complicated unbounded behavior. Then three control strategies, namely a position feedback control, a velocity feedback control, and a hybrid control combined velocity with acceleration feedback, are then introduced to stabilize this unstable system. It is shown in these three control schemes that only the hybrid control can easily stabilize the 3-D network system. And with properly chosen delay and gain in the delayed feedback path, the hybrid controlled model may have stable equilibrium, or periodic solutions resulting from the Hopf bifurcation, or complex stranger attractor from the period-doubling bifurcation. Moreover, the direction of Hopf bifurcation and stability of the bifurcation periodic solutions are analyzed. The results are further extended to any "d" dimensional network. It shows that to stabilize a "d" dimensional delayed small-world network, at least a "d – 1" order completed differential feedback is needed. This work provides a constructive suggestion for the high dimensional delayed systems.
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Endo, Ryo, and Takayuki Nakano. "Improvement suggestions for problems of hazard map from the viewpoint of color scheme." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-25-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Local governments often rely on hazard maps to plan for and respond to local natural disasters. These maps often rely on the use of many colors, but their exact color scheme and style differs in each area. As a result, we hypothesize that some users, specifically colorblind individuals, may have difficulty correctly understanding the information on some of these hazard maps. In this study, we test that hypothesis by conducting a survey of Japanese liquefaction hazard maps and their visual accessibility. To this end, we first undergo a survey of the color schemes used in these maps and investigate whether they are easily understood by people with colorblindness. We next specifically analyze several maps we deem particularly problematic in terms of color scheme and visibility, using these as case studies to discuss issues with accessibility and to summarize possible countermeasures. Our survey found that liquefaction hazard maps use one of three main color schemes: “diverging color scheme,” “Sequential cold colors,” or “sequential warm colors.” However, while there were issues with several maps, including difficulty reading the background map or correctly understanding the risk of liquefaction, these difficulties were not related to the color scheme used. To improve the accessibility of hazard maps, therefore, is necessary to create a unified manual that contains the following information: an examination of colors, the utilization of a universal design check tool, and the use of GIS vector data.</p>
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Li, Ming, Michaeleen L. Pacholski, and Frank V. Bright. "Characterization of Plasma-Modified Fluoropolymer Surfaces Using Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 5 (1994): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944924826.
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Poly(hexafluoropropylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (FEP) has been widely used in biotechnology because of its unique surface properties and biocompatibility. Recent work from our group has shown that plasma discharge-modified FEP can be used as the substratum for development of a very stable immunosensor. This result has prompted us to study further this new surface under ambient conditions. In this paper, we report on the covalent immobilization of a pyrene residue (-Py) onto FEP-APS (FEP-aminopropyl silane) surfaces and the characterization of FEP-APS-Py using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Among the immobilization schemes tested, we found that the covalent coupling of pyrene-sulfonyl chloride to FEP-APS is the easiest and yields the most photostable FEP-APS-Py derivative. Steady-state emission spectra of FEP-APS-Py in contact with H2O, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) aqueous solutions differ considerably from those of Py-SO3 in solution. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of FEP-APS-Py demonstrates that the decay kinetics are strongly affected by the presence of ionic quenchers and molecular oxygen, as well as β-CD and SDS. The results are consistent with the suggestion that the APS-Py moiety undergoes a slow time-dependent reconfiguration at the FEP/APS interface.
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Nirjar, Abhishek, Manaswini Acharya, and Dhirendra Ojha. "Integrated Marketing Communication in Government Programmes: A Look at Rural Development Programmes in India." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 13, no. 1 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622520140103.
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Governments of any country, province or state propagate information about their various development programmes and activities of the government through a variety of media. The effectiveness of communication is critical as it determines the success of such government programmes. This also plays a vital role in building a strong and lasting government-citizen relationship. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) involves an optimum utilisation of activities such as advertising, public relations, sponsorship of events and exhibitions in a synergistic manner to build a durable customer relationship. In India, both central and state governments operate programmes for the development of urban and rural areas. This research aims at investigating the nature and extent to which IMC is utilised for (i) promoting rural development programmes in the northern state of UP; and (ii) fostering government-citizen relationship. The perception of customers (citizens) was captured through a survey and the government view was captured through interaction with officials. Research reveals that the government employs multiple media for informing and communicating about the self-employment generation schemes to the rural population. There are complementarities in the messages that are propagated but they lack in consistency. Integration of customers in the communication process and strategies may remove such inconsistencies, which is the suggestion the research has come out with.
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Xu, Meijia, Qiying Dong, Mai Zhou, Chenyu Wang, and Yangyang Liu. "Security Analysis on “Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Smart Home Environment with Provable Security”." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (November 14, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838363.
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As an important application of the Internet of Things, smart home has greatly facilitated our life. Since the communication channels of smart home are insecure and the transmitted data are usually sensitive, a secure and anonymous user authentication scheme is required. Numerous attempts have been taken to design such authentication schemes. Recently, Shuai et al. (Computer & Security 86(2019):132146) designed an anonymous authentication scheme for smart home using elliptic curve cryptography. They claimed that the proposed scheme is secure against various attacks and provides ideal attributes. However, we show that their scheme cannot resist inside attack and offline dictionary attack and also fails to achieve forward secrecy. Furthermore, we give some suggestions to enhance the security of the scheme. These suggestions also apply to other user authentication schemes with similar flaws.
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Korn, Janos. "Crisis in systems thinking." Kybernetes 49, no. 7 (2019): 1915–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2019-0026.
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Purpose The current field of systems thinking consists of a variety of views, methods and a number of organisations involved with these views which suggests a state of confusion and fragmentation of the field which fundamentally is supposed to be a uniform view of structures or systems. This can be interpreted as a “crisis situation”. A resolution of the crisis in the form of a “new science of systems” is proposed. Assuming this new science becomes part of the field of systems thinking, a debate of the elements of the field is suggested with a view to consider its current state and future developments. “Crisis - resolution - debate” is the central theme of the paper. Design/methodology/approach The field of current systems thinking is described in terms of views, methods and organisations and is seen as the “problematic issue”. A “new science of systems” strongly rooted in natural language as its primary symbolism and consisting of three general principles of systems and linguistic modelling is outlined to be considered as the resolution of the crisis. A set of criteria is discussed for use of judging the quality of models and element of the field of systems thinking including the “new science of systems”. To demonstrate a preliminary use of these criteria, the same example is worked out using both, the “soft systems methodology” and “linguistic modelling” for comparison. Findings The universal view of parts of the world as structures or systems is inconsistent with the multiple methods basically pursuing the same purpose: modelling aspects of systems which prevail in current systems thinking. To try to resolve this anomaly an equally universally applicable approach, the “new science of systems” is proposed which can also serve as an aid to problem solving, in particular to an integrated systems and product design. This approach is to be part of the suggested debate of the field of systems thinking. In general, there is no alternative to the structural view. Research limitations/implications The “new science of systems”, if found acceptable, can offer research opportunities in new applications of accepted branches of knowledge like logic, linguistics, mathematics of ordered pairs, uncertainties and in the philosophy of science. New teaching schemes can be developed at classroom level combined with engineering as creator of novelties with linguistics as the symbolism to supplement mathematics. Further considerations can be given to current methodologies of systems thinking as part of a debate with a view of future developments in exploring pioneering ideas. New software is needed for working out the dynamics of scenarios. Practical implications The debate, if it takes place, should result in new developments in the field of systems thinking such as concepts accepted as fundamental in the discipline of systems. Applications of the “new science of systems” to larger scale scenarios and organisations guided by the universal scheme in Figure 1 and linguistic modelling with software are needed for development of schemes for problem solving schemes “utilising” or “producing” products. Social implications The “new science of systems” is rooted in accepted branches of knowledge; it is highly teachable at school and university levels and should lead to use by professionals and in everyday life activities once found acceptable. The use of the scheme in Figure 1 should help in clarifying confusing scenarios and to aid problem solving. Originality/value The suggestion of a debate is an original idea. The “new science of systems” consists of three general principles of systems implemented by linguistic modelling of static and dynamic states. Mathematics of uncertainty and topics from conventional science at the object level supplement the “new science” which together form the “scientific enterprise”. The notions of cognitive value and informative content of models are introduced for evaluating their cognitive worth.
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Bailey, Stephen. "Public authority liability in negligence: the continued search for coherence." Legal Studies 26, no. 2 (2006): 155–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2006.00017.x.
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The liability of public authorities in negligence continues to be a problematic area of the law. Some of the difficulties have been caused by the adoption by the courts of unnecessary and unworkable tests, in addition to the ordinary principles of the law of negligence. This is normally done to restrict liability, as with the policy–operational dichotomy, and the propositions that no liability can arise in respect of an act that ‘falls within the ambit of a statutory discretion’ or where the matter is non-justiciable. Sometimes the intention seems to be to extend liability, as with the suggestion that, generally, a duty of care may arise where there is an irrational failure to exercise a statutory power. Recent cases have helpfully continued the process of removing these special rules, leaving matters to be dealt with by the ordinary principles of negligence. Those principles enable proper account to be taken of the particular functions and responsibilities of public authorities. However, the cases remain difficult and the outcomes can still give rise to debate and disagreement. Insofar as there is a good case for extending the range of situations in which compensation is available in respect of the careless or unlawful acts of public authorities, it would be better to develop ex gratia schemes and the provision of remedies through ombudsmen than to extend the law of tort.
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Ternovyh, I. K., M. P. Topuzova, A. D. Chaykovskaya, P. Sh Isabekova, and T. M. Alekseeva. "Neurological manifestations and complications in patients with covid-19." Translational Medicine 7, no. 3 (2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/2311-4495-2020-7-3-21-29.
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It becomes apparent that the neurological complications of COVID-19 are significantly common, but in some cases, establishing a causal relationship is difficult. For example, a stroke can occur for reasons unrelated to coronavirus infection, while Guillain–Barré syndrome and meningoencephalitis are likely to be a parainfection. Only long-term epidemiological studies in large groups of patients can clarify some of these issues. This will help to better understand the mechanisms of development of complications and develop schemes for their treatment and subsequent rehabilitation. The article presents the mechanisms of penetration of the coronavirus into the nervous system and systematizes the neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19, which were described in the first 3 months of the pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the complications of COVID-19 from the central and peripheral nervous system, the most interesting clinical examples are considered. Summing up the analysis of the literature, we can say that the clinical picture of neurological diseases and syndromes caused by coronavirus infection corresponds to the usual notions. Also considered is the assumption that SARS-CoV-2 can persist for a long time in the central nervous system in the form of inactive fragments, which means that it can recur in predisposed individuals when appropriate conditions arise. This suggestion is alarming regarding distant neurological complications in infected and cured patients.
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Zhou, Xinliang, and Shantian Wen. "Analysis of Body Behavior Characteristics after Sports Training Based on Convolution Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7006541.
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The use of artificial intelligence technology to analyze human behavior is one of the key research topics in the world. In order to detect and analyze the characteristics of human body behavior after training, a detection model combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. Firstly, the human skeleton suggestion model is established to analyze the driving mode of the human body in motion. Secondly, the number of layers and neurons in CNN are set according to the skeleton feature map. Then, the output information is classified according to the fatigue degree according to the body state after exercise. Finally, the training and performance test of the model are carried out, and the effect of the body behavior feature detection model in use is analyzed. The results show that the CNN designed in the study shows high accuracy and low loss rate in training and testing and also has high accuracy in the practical application of fatigue degree recognition after human training. According to the subjective evaluation of volunteers, the overall average evaluation is more than 9 points. The above results show that the designed convolution neural network-based detection model of body behavior characteristics after training has good performance and is feasible and practical, which has guiding significance for the design of sports training and training schemes.
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Sadr, Seyed Kazem. "The optimum size of rotating qarḍ ḥasan savings and credit associations". ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 9, № 1 (2017): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijif-07-2017-003.
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Purpose Several indigenous credit and savings schemes have been accredited recently in developing countries for the benefit of households and entrepreneurs alike. Famous among them are the Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs) that exist in almost all continents currently. The rapid development of ROSCAs and their varied structures in many countries have been the subject of numerous studies. What has not been thoroughly analysed is the optimum size of these associations and the fact that lending and borrowing is without interest. The aim of this paper is to present a model that would determine the optimum size of ROSCAs and deal with the following issues: how the group size varies with changes in the income level of the members, the demand for the loan, the size of the collected loan and its duration. Further, the question of whether or not lending to the association in return for obtaining larger sums is a violation of the qarḍ (loan) contract is dealt with, and several Sharīʿah compatible formulations are provided. Design/methodology/approach Economic analysis has been applied to show the optimum size of Qarḍ Ḥasan Associations (QHAs), which are the Sharīʿah-compliant equivalent of ROSCAs, and the Sharīʿah rules of the qarḍ contract to illustrate the legitimacy of group lending. Findings The major findings of this study are determination of the optimum size of QHAs, the factors that affect the size and suggestion of alternative legal forms for group financing. Research limitations/implications Inaccessibility to sources of data to test the hypothesis that has been put forth is the main difficulty encountered when conducting research on the subject. Practical implications The paper concludes that the development of informal interest-free ROSCAs in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries is an efficient informal microfinance scheme and that it is compatible with Sharīʿah rules. Originality/value The optimum size of ROSCAs and QHAs has been presented in this paper.
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Olijkan, Ed. "De Communicatieve Benadering En de Ontwikkeling van Τ2-Programma' s". Nederlands als tweede taal 22 (1 січня 1985): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.22.14oli.
Full textAbstract:
At the Projectafdeling Culturele Minderheden (Cultural Minorities Department) of the Rotterdam Schooladviesdienst (Educational Ad-vice Service) language programmes are being developed, aimed at preparing the second language speaking 16+ group for vocational training courses. The programmes can be split up into a general basic programme and various specific follow-up programmes. In order to establish the entry and the target levels of the programmes, the following activities have been undertaken: 1 analysis of the proficiency that may be expected from existing beginners programmes, which has determined the entry level of the basic programme; 2 analysis of the language requirements that the participants on the training courses must meet, from which the target levels of the follow-up programmes have been derived. A third activity that has been undertaken is to determine the syllabus design, i.e. which skills can be distinguished; which steps have to be taken within each separate skill; which unit of organisation is to be adopted. In connection herewith, the rele-vance of the communicative approach has been examined, especially in the light of the numerous publications on syllabus design which this approach has yielded. In this article a number of aspects of the communicative approach and communicative syllabus design are treated, namely the suitability of the approach for different types of courses, the position of grammar within the approach, criticism of the approach, and some alternatives of the notional/functional syllabus. Finally the relevance of the approach for the development of second language programmes is evaluated. Some conclusions are, that for several reasons the notional/func-tional approach has not been adopted. Build-up schemes for each of the four skills and grammar have been devised instead. These separate schemes are interrelated during the actual programme de-velopment. Grammar is partly integrated in each skill and partly practised in isolation in the form of language awareness activities. An important asset of the communicative approach is the suggestion to carry out language needs analyses. However, no use could be made of a model like Munby's, as it did not suit the purpose. The supposition is put forward that the communicative approach has more to offer in the field of methodology than in that of syllabus design.