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Journal articles on the topic 'Suicidal intentions'
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1
Armitage, Christopher J., Wirda Abdul Rahim, Richard Rowe, and Rory C. O'Connor. "An exploratory randomised trial of a simple, brief psychological intervention to reduce subsequent suicidal ideation and behaviour in patients admitted to hospital for self-harm." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, no. 5 (May 2016): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.162495.
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BackgroundImplementation intentions link triggers for self-harm with coping skills and appear to create an automatic tendency to invoke coping responses when faced with a triggering situation.AimsTo test the effectiveness of implementation intentions in reducing suicidal ideation and behaviour in a high-risk group.MethodTwo hundred and twenty-six patients who had self-harmed were randomised to: (a) forming implementation intentions with a ‘volitional help sheet’; (b) self-generating implementation intentions without help; or (c) thinking about triggers and coping, but not forming implementation intentions. We measured self-reported suicidal ideation and behaviour, threats of suicide and likelihood of future suicide attempt at baseline and then again at the 3-month follow-up.ResultsAll suicide-related outcome measures were significantly lower at follow-up among patients forming implementation intentions compared with those in the control condition (ds>0.35). The volitional help sheet resulted in fewer suicide threats (d = 0.59) and lowered the likelihood of future suicide attempts (d = 0.29) compared with patients who self-generated implementation intentions.ConclusionsImplementation intention-based interventions, particularly when supported by a volitional help sheet, show promise in reducing future suicidal ideation and behaviour.
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Shneyder, L., and N. V. Surgucheva. "Ego-Perception and Thanatos-Centration as Sources of Suicide in Adolescence." Клиническая и специальная психология 8, no. 1 (2019): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2019080112.
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The article considers structural, processual and causal aspects of suicides. Problems of child philosophizing, specifics of adolescence in the context of suicide discussed. The concept of suicidal risk clarified and its diagnostic possibilities shown. Identified that according to parents opinion significant role belongs to conflicts and personality traits among causal factors of suicidal risk. According to adolescents, suicidal intentions are associated with the subjective impossibility to create satisfactory continuation of life. It has been found that suicidal risks and types of suicidal behavior in late adolescence differ depending on age, worldview, gender and personality traits.
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Khramov, E. V. "Psychological and psychosomatic risk factors of suicidal intentions in adolescents." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 1 (2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090107.
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The article presents an overview of modern foreign studies, which aim to study the psychological, somatic and psychosomatic risks of suicidal behavior of adolescents, and, as an empirical illustration, results of the study of psychological and psychosomatic correlates of adolescent depression and suicidality. A rather extensive list of risk factors for suicide, described in foreign literature, was reduced to four classes: somatic (psychosomatic), intrapsychological, socio-psychological, behavioral. It has been shown that the greatest association with suicidal intentions and attempts belongs to depressive states, however, this association, in most cases, is mediated by other predictors of the risk of a suicide. The results of the empirical study described the main psychosomatic dysfunctions in adolescents’ suicides, usually accompanied by asthenic states.
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Hjelmeland, Heidi. "Verbally Expressed Intentions of Parasuicide: II. Prediction of Fatal and Nonfatal Repetition." Crisis 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.17.1.10.
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The predictive value of verbally expressed intentions of parasuicide was studied in 925 patients admitted after deliberate self-harm to one of the health care facilities in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Repetition of the suicidal act was studied prospectively, and the results showed that verbally expressed intention to die at the index parasuicide did predict fatal repetition (suicide) but not nonfatal repetition (parasuicide) of the suicidal act.
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Riabchych, Yaroslav, and Mariia Kapkan. "THE SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF YOUTH’S SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.1.1.
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The article highlights the current view on social and psychological determinants of youth’s suicidal behaviour. The modern science still does not have a unified point of view on suicidal behaviour. The corresponding terminology is amorphousness and its concept is uncertain. It is generally accepted that suicidal behaviour depends on many factors, has different motives and goals and exists in certain and extreme conditions. The authors present their own model of suicidal behaviour that includes the following main factors leading to suicidal behaviour: social and psychological maladaptation, deviant behaviour and unresolved intrapersonal conflicts. We have identified four groups of factors affecting young people’s social and psychological maladaptation: General psychological features of a suicider having non-pathological situational intentions, as well as people having borderline states; Personal factors; Family factors; Other life factors: a changed place of residence, study or work; negative influence of mass-media, modern literature, Internet sites with certain content, etc. A set of standardized and tested methods was selected to examine social-psychological factors of young people’s pre-suicidal and suicidal behaviour: 3 methods studying susceptibility to suicidal reactions, suicidal behaviour and the diagnosis of suicidal behaviour before its manifestation. The sample consisted of 120 young people (89 girls and 31 boys). Their families were also taken into account: 89 respondents had both parents, 31 had only one of parents. The sample was divided into three groups for comparative analysis of suicidal behaviour. The division criterion of was the suicide indicator from the Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire that was compared with the results of the Suicide Risk Test (SR-45, P.I. Yunatskevich) and the method determining propensity to suicidal behaviour (M.V. Gorskaya). The statistical methods were used to process the obtained data: Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze relations between individual psychological characteristics with suicidal behaviour; a multiple regression analysis was performed for data grouping; statistical significance was checked by the F-Fisher test. The performed empirical study has revealed that suicidal behaviour can appear because of deteriorated personal psychological health - anxiety, frustration, aggression and changes in attitudes toward life and death under environmental influences or because of overestimated self-concept. The respondents having suicidal intentions were characterized by severe anxiety and high frustration as the consequences of personal disappointment, inability to overcome real or imagined obstacles preventing goal achievement. Aggression was almost the same for all three examined groups, thus this indicator showed rather increased psychological activity. The highest rigidity was observed at the respondents having suicidal intentions; such rigidity was associated with complications existing during implementation of significant activities.
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Khouzam, Hani Raoul, Leonard Williams, and Nestor Manzano. "Religion and Motion Pictures' Effects on Reversing Suicidal Intentions: Two Case Studies." Psychological Reports 92, no. 1 (February 2003): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.1.251.
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Case studies of two veterans contemplating suicide are described. Their suicidal intentions subsided as a result of a rekindling of their Christian faith. Although their Christian beliefs were awakened following their attendance at a motion picture, they both attributed the remission of their suicidal intentions to the practices of their Christian faith in their lives. Despite the favorable outcome, these findings are not generalizable to other cases.
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Belyakova, Svitlana, and Viktoria Vins. "Empirical study of suicide intentions of adolescents." HUMANITARIUM 44, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2020-44-1-7-15.
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The article analyzes the features of suicidal ideation of adolescents. The phenomenon of suicide as a human behavior aimed at intentional self-harm with a fatal end, self-destruction is considered. The general signs of suicidal intent are analyzed: verbal signs (notification of one's intention to others); behavioral signs (significant changes in behavior: larger indifference on their appearance, disruption of the attention process, missing school, avoidance of communication with peers); situational signs (betraying their legacy, cowardice or excessive aggression, clash with important people, disruption of relationship). As a result of empirical research, it was found that the studied adolescents are characterized by a mostly low level of anxiety, which is an indicator of the stability of the emotional state and lack of anxiety; low and medium level of frustration, and adolescents are confident, responsible, resistant to failure, are not afraid of difficulties; adolescents have an average rate of aggression, which is characterized by coming into student’s conflicts, to prove their point, using elements of aggression to assert themselves and maintain their status in the peer group; the average indicator of rigidity testifies to their stability in the actions provoked by unforeseen events; found that some adolescents clearly expressed the dominance of emotions over intellectual control in assessing the situation, readiness to respond to a traumatic situation rather emotionally than logically, existing social pessimism as a negative concept of the world, also, they are characterized by demonstrativeness (demonstration of suicidal intentions) of the willingness to attract public attention of others to themselves, their problems, to achieve compassion and awareness. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a system of socio-psychological measures to reduce suicidal ideation among adolescents.
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Daigle, Marc, Louise Beausoleil, Jacques Brisoux, Sylvaine Raymond, Lucie Charbonneau, and Julie Desaulniers. "Reaching Suicidal People with Media Campaigns." Crisis 27, no. 4 (July 2006): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.27.4.172.
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Abstract. Five variables were investigated in the evaluation of Suicide Prevention Weeks (SPW) held in 1999, 2000, and 2001 in Québec, Canada: exposure to the campaign, previous suicide ideation, knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. After the year 2000 campaign, a telephone survey conducted on a representative sample of 1020 men revealed that only those actually exposed to the SPW had gained more knowledge of suicide facts and resources. However, the SPW did not influence attitudes or intentions to seek help. Results are not surprising, considering the low intensity of the campaign, especially in the media. Campaigns aimed at changing suicidal behaviors must be intensive.
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Pitkälä, Kristiina, Erkki T. Isometsä, Markus M. Henriksson, and Jouko K. Lönnqvist. "Elderly Suicide in Finland." International Psychogeriatrics 12, no. 2 (June 2000): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006335.
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Suicide mortality among the elderly is high in most Western countries. We investigated the characteristics of suicide victims 65 years or older in a nationwide psychological autopsy study, the research phase of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland. This study population included all completed suicides (N = 1,397, of whom 211 were 65 years or older) that occurred in Finland during a 12-month research period in 1987-1988. The elderly suicide victims were found to have used violent suicide methods more often than the young. Although almost 70% of the elderly persons who had committed suicide had been in contact with health care services during the month before their death, their suicidal intentions were rarely communicated in these contacts. They had been referred to psychiatric services less often than the young, and only 8% had received adequate antidepressive medication. The fact that most elderly suicides have contact with health care services during their final month suggests a potential for suicide prevention. However, the major obstacle to this is the poor recognition of mental disorders and suicidal ideation among the elderly.
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Karras, Elizabeth, Cara M. Stokes, Sara C. Warfield, Heather Elder, Brady Stephens, and Robert M. Bossarte. "The Use of Theory-Based Formative Research to Design Suicide Prevention Messaging for U.S. Veterans in Midlife." Health Education & Behavior 45, no. 6 (April 16, 2018): 1016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118769344.
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Background. Communication campaigns offer a viable mechanism to promote suicide prevention and reinforce mental health for U.S. veterans in midlife, a group with a high suicide burden. However, little empirical investigation of this type of messaging has been conducted, with formative campaign research conspicuously missing from the limited literature. Aims. Using the theory of planned behavior as a guide, formative research was conducted to inform the design of suicide prevention messaging by (a) describing and measuring several theoretical constructs among our audience and (b) modeling associations between constructs and intentions to seek help for suicidal behaviors and mental health more broadly. Methods. Telephone-based cross-sectional surveys were collected between 2014 and 2016 from a nationally representative sample of veterans with analyses restricted to those aged between 44 and 65 years ( n = 809). Multiple logistic regression was used to identify significant factors associated with intentions to seek help for either suicidal behaviors or mental health. Results. Perceived behavioral control was one of the largest predictors of intentions to seek help for both suicidal behaviors and mental health concerns. Descriptive norms were also significantly associated with suicide-related intentions. Data further suggest several types of attitudes (i.e., discordant beliefs, stereotypes) to consider when designing messages for this group. Discussion. This study represents one of the first efforts to document and describe theoretical constructs and their influence on intentions among veterans in midlife to contribute to the development of evidence-based messaging for veterans informed by a conceptual framework. Conclusion. Findings have important implications as the use of communication strategies for suicide prevention grows increasingly popular.
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Pompili, M., M. Belvederi Murri, S. Patti, M. Innamorati, D. Lester, P. Girardi, and M. Amore. "The communication of suicidal intentions: a meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 11 (June 3, 2016): 2239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000696.
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BackgroundAmong the myths that are often cited about suicide is that ‘people who talk about killing themselves rarely die by suicide’, but the evidence seems to contradict this statement. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies reporting a prevalence of suicide communication (SC), and to examine the diagnostic accuracy of SC towards suicide in case-control reports.MethodEligible studies had to examine data relative to completed suicides and report the prevalence of SC. Data relative to sample characteristics, study definition, modality and recipient of the SC were coded.ResultsWe included 36 studies, conducted on a total of 14 601 completed suicides. The overall proportion of SC was 44.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4–53.8], with large heterogeneity (I2 = 98.8%) and significant publication bias. The prevalence of SC was negatively associated with the detection of verbal communication as the sole means of SC and, positively, with study methodological quality. Based on seven case-control studies, SC was associated with an odds ratio of 4.66 for suicide (95% CI 3.00–7.25) and was characterized by sufficient diagnostic accuracy only if studies on adolescents were removed.ConclusionAvailable data suggest that SC occurs in nearly half of subjects who go on to die by suicide, but this figure is likely to be an underestimate given the operational definitions of SC. At present, SC seems associated with overall insufficient accuracy towards subsequent suicide, although further rigorous studies are warranted to draw definite conclusions on this issue.
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Palmer, Catherine, and Lori Zitelli. "Recognizing and Reacting to Risk Signs for Patient Suicide." Seminars in Hearing 39, no. 01 (February 2018): 083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613708.
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AbstractEvidence-based suggestions for developing an effective clinician-client relationship built upon trust and honesty will be shared, as well as a review of relevant scope of practice issues for audiologists. Audiologists need to be prepared if a patient threatens self-harm. Many patients do not spontaneously report their suicidal thoughts and intentions to their care providers, so we need to be alert to warning signs. Information about the strongest predictors of suicide, how to ask about suicidal intentions, and how to assess the risk of suicide will be presented. Although it is our responsibility to recognize suicidal tendencies and have a plan for preventive intervention, it is not our responsibility to conduct a suicide evaluation. Tips for collecting critical information to be provided to qualified professionals will be shared, as well as additional information about how and to whom to disclose this information. A list of suicide warning signs will be reviewed as well as some additional suggestions for how to react when a patient discloses his or her suicidal intent. A review of available resources (for both the patient and the clinician) will be provided, along with instructions for how and when it is appropriate to access them.
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Wilks, Chelsey R., Sin Yee Ang, Xiyao Wang, Vinushini Arunagiri, and Erin F. Ward-Ciesielski. "Exploring Preference to Avoid or Seek Help in Person and Online Among College Students with Suicidal Ideation." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 10 (December 2019): 811–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.10.811.
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Objectives: Suicidal thoughts, for which college students are at risk, tend to be negatively associated with intentions to seek therapy, particularly among college-aged men. Emerging research suggests college students may seek psychological help online; however, factors that explain why they avoid help and/or may prefer online help remain unknown. Method: 816 college students completed measures of suicidal ideation, help-seeking intentions, and theoretical mediators and moderators of their relationship. Results: Suicidal ideation was associated with stronger preference for online help among female, but not male respondents. The indirect effect of suicidal ideation on help negation via interpersonal difficulties was positive where self-concealment was high but negative where it was low. This pattern, however, was not found for online help preference. Conclusions: Online interventions can augment suicide prevention and intervention for college students. However, suicidal male students may be less likely to utilize online help sources. The mechanisms underlying this gender difference remain unclear. More research is needed to understand how help-negation in college-aged men can be addressed in online intervention platforms.
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I. B., Volevakha, Inzhyevska L. A., and Mykhailenko O. O. "Satisfaction influence of convicted and imprisoned persons with interpersonal relations on their suicidal intentions." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences 1, no. 6 (July 2, 2021): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2021.01.030.
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The purpose of the study is to reveal the impact of prisoners and convicts’ satisfaction on their relationship with closer environment on their suicidal tendencies, as well as on feeling of hopelessness as a predictor of suicide. Methodology. The interrogation of 181 imprisoned persons in penal institutions (pre-trial detention centers) located in 21 oblasts of Ukraine was conducted in order to clarify the indicators and the relationships between them. The following methods were used: 1) test “SR-45” (by Yunatskevych) that reveals a tendency to suicide risk; 2) Beck’s “Hopelessness” scale that reveals the level of hopelessness; 3) questionnaire of measuring the satisfaction with interpersonal relations that influences the level of the convicts relationship with the three groups that make up the social environment: relatives (family), employees of penal institutions (pre-trial detention centers) and other convicts. A five-point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. Results. The study revealed an impact on the level of suicide risk regarding the relationship with personnel of the penal institutions (p≤0.01) – bad relations with the personnel increase the susceptibility of convicts to suicide. The influence of the level of convicts’ satisfaction with relationship with the personnel (p≤0.01) and with their relatives (p≤0.01) on the feeling of hopelessness was also revealed – the higher the satisfaction, the lower the hopelessness. No statistically significant effects of convicts’ satisfaction with relationships with other convicts on the level of suicidal reactions and on the hopelessness were found. Practical implications. The obtained results indicate the need for preventive measures aimed at raising awareness of the personnel of the penal institution and pre-trial detention centers on the aspects of convicts’ suicidal behavior and the socio-psychological competence in general, promoting the preservation of prisoners’ relationship with their relatives. Originality/value. The research was conducted by the authors in September 2020 – March 2021. This is the first attempt in Ukrainian psychological science to study empirically the impact of prisoners and convicts’ satisfaction with their relationship with the social environment on their suicidal intentions. Key words: imprisoned, convicts, suicide, suicidal behavior, relationship satisfaction, administration, family and relatives.
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Arendt, Florian, Sebastian Scherr, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, Sabrina Krallmann, and Benedikt Till. "Effects of Awareness Material on Suicide-Related Knowledge and the Intention to Provide Adequate Help to Suicidal Individuals." Crisis 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000474.
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Abstract. Background: Little is known about the impact of educative media reports on the intention to provide help to suicidal individuals and on suicide-related knowledge. Aims: To test whether material debunking widely shared myths influences knowledge and the intention to provide adequate help to others, and if such information reduces reading enjoyment. Method: A randomized controlled trial was utilized. Participants allocated to the intervention group were exposed to awareness material explicitly addressing suicide myths. Results: Analyses show that exposure to printed awareness material increased knowledge, which in turn positively influenced intentions to provide help. The inclusion of information regarding suicide myths did not reduce reading enjoyment. Limitations: The awareness material used in this study only addressed two suicide myths that were considered to be especially important. Conclusion: Information debunking suicide myths in suicide-related media reports is therefore both feasible and potentially helpful.
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Pichikov, A. A., Y. V. Popov, and Iu A. Iakovleva. "Te interrelation of executive functionsand suicidaltendencies in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 4 (February 24, 2019): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2018-4-64-74.
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Anorexia nervosa usually develops during adolescence when considerable structural and functional brain changes are taking place. Suicidal intentions could occur at this period and the number of teenage suicides spikes. Te research among adults has registered the defcit of executive functions both in different mental disorders and in suicidal behavior. However, there is no clarity about what is the role of executive functions in dynamic of AN among female teenagers. Te question is: do they have an effect on level of suicidal ideation? We have researched executive functions in adolescent girls with AN and suicidal ideas. We identifed that the disfunction in specifc cognitive domains (executive and psychomotor functions) and the global neuropsychological insufciency (composite score BACS) could stimulate an appearance of suicidal ideas in AN.
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Tsygankov, B., and S. Surnina. "Clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with suicidal thoughts during prolonged depressive and anxiety disorders and their therapeutic correction." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1817.
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IntroductionThis is an extremely important problem of determining clinical-psychological and personality-typological characteristics of patients with suicidal intentions. In the complex therapeutic correction of suicidal behavior, there is almost no use of such psychotherapy method as katathym imaginative psychotherapy (KIP).ObjectiveStudy of clinical-psychological and personal-typological peculiarities and development of an optimal adaptation of KIP for the treatment of patients with suicidal thoughts.MethodsThe study was included 52 patients with anxiety-depressive disorder and suicidal intentions; was used K. Leongard questionnaire, SCL-90-R, SR-45, J. Vagin questionnaire of suicidal motivation.ResultsThe investigated patients were divided into three groups with acute reaction on stress, personality disorder and schizotypal disorder. The first group has revealed the predominance of instrumental, anemic, anesthetic motivation, emotive and anxiety types of accentuation and high level of suicidal readiness. The second has identified anesthetic motivation, anxiety and cyclothymia type of accentuation with a moderate level of suicidal readiness. The third group included patients with symptoms of anemic motivation suicidal motivation, anxiety type of accentuation and a high level of suicidal readiness. The reduction of psychopathological symptoms in patients of the first group occurred in a shorter period of 18.0 ± 2.1 days, compared with the second – 25.0 ± 5.6 days, and the third group – 21.2 ± 2.1 days.ConclusionIn the main group, the highest suicide rates were in patients with anemic, anesthetic and motivation and anxiety type accentuation. Patients of the first group showed the best response to a comprehensive pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Diehl-Schmid, J., R. Jox, S. Gauthier, S. Belleville, E. Racine, C. Schüle, G. Turecki, and S. Richard-Devantoy. "Suicide and assisted dying in dementia: what we know and what we need to know. A narrative literature review." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 8 (May 2, 2017): 1247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000679.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Evidence-based data on prevalence and risk factors of suicidal intentions and behavior in dementia are as scarce as the data on assisted dying. The present literature review aimed on summarizing the current knowledge and provides a critical discussion of the results.Methods:A systematic narrative literature review was performed using Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PSYNDEX, PSYCINFO, Sowiport, and Social Sciences Citation Index literature.Results:Dementia as a whole does not appear to be a risk factor for suicide completion. Nonetheless some subgroups of patients with dementia apparently have an increased risk for suicidal behavior, such as patients with psychiatric comorbidities (particularly depression) and of younger age. Furthermore, a recent diagnosis of dementia, semantic dementia, and previous suicide attempts most probably elevate the risk for suicidal intentions and behavior. The impact of other potential risk factors, such as patient's cognitive impairment profile, behavioral disturbances, social isolation, or a biomarker based presymptomatic diagnosis has not yet been investigated. Assisted dying in dementia is rare but numbers seem to increase in regions where it is legally permitted.Conclusion:Most studies that had investigated the prevalence and risk factors for suicide in dementia had significant methodological limitations. Large prospective studies need to be conducted in order to evaluate risk factors for suicide and assisted suicide in patients with dementia and persons with very early or presymptomatic diagnoses of dementia. In clinical practice, known risk factors for suicide should be assessed in a standardized way so that appropriate action can be taken when necessary.
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Dingman, C. Wesley, and Thomas H. McGlashan. "Characteristics of Patients With Serious Suicidal Intentions Who Ultimately Commit Suicide." Psychiatric Services 39, no. 3 (March 1988): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.39.3.295.
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Freedenthal, Stacey. "Challenges in Assessing Intent to Die: Can Suicide Attempters Be Trusted?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 55, no. 1 (August 2007): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5867-6510-3388-3517.
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Assessing a person's intent to die in a suicide attempt is crucial for risk assessment and research, yet suicidal intent is notoriously difficult to measure. People who intended to die when they hurt themselves may deny it, and others may feign intent for secondary gain. Additionally, ambivalence, memory gaps, impulsivity, and fluidity of intent can hinder accurate assessment of intent. Circumstantial evidence, such as a suicide note, may illuminate true intentions but also has substantial limitations. This article summarizes disparate challenges to the measurement of suicidal intent; describes strengths and weaknesses of circumstantial indicators; reviews evidence from studies using the Suicide Intent Scale to show that subjective and circumstantial indicators do not strongly correlate with each other; and concludes with a call to place more trust in individuals whose disclosures of suicidal intent are questionable, even if the possibility for manipulation exists.
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Shova, N. I., V. А. Mikhailov, and G. V. Odintsova. "“Suicidal passport” for epilepsy." Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions 12, no. 4 (February 25, 2021): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2020.042.
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Background. Over the past decades many Russian and foreign authors have devoted their studies to psychiatric comorbidity and suicidal behaviour in people with epilepsy. It is particularly important to find risk factors to develop suicidal ideation in this group of patients. According to the World Health Organisation, suicide is the second cause of death among patients with epilepsy, especially those under 29 years. Social maladaptation and deviant reactions to isolation within the framework of personality disorder and frustrating elements necessitate strategy development to prevent suicide intentions in this group of patients. Objective: to find risk factors contributing to suicidal behaviour in patients with epilepsy. Material and methods. We examined 102 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and divided them into two groups consistent with the available relevant suicide ideators: Group 1 (reference group) – without suicide ideators (n=73), Group 2 (study group) – with suicide ideators at the time of the study (n=29). We conducted a pathopsychological study using scales and questionnaires. Results. Patients with epilepsy and suicidal ideation are more vulnerable to a wide range of mental health disorders. Behavioural and mood disorders predominate. Risk factors for suicide in this patient cohort relate to a darker outlook on the future and emotional instability. All limits of the antisuicidal behaviour pattern reduced uniformly, except for the Family responsibility. Amidst the severe course of the underlying medical conditions, disharmony is formed in attitude towards the disease. Conclusion. Assessment of the risk factors for the development of suicidal ideation in patients with epilepsy is a challenging multidisciplinary task. Even with relative mental well-being, it is worth focusing on all aspects of quality of life.
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Corbeanu, Dan-Constantin, Magda Antohe, and Anamaria Ciubară. "Social Resets and Suicides during Covid-19 Pandemic." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 13, no. 1Sup1 (March 23, 2022): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/13.1sup1/314.
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Introduction. Well-known as a public health problem, suicide is known to cause many deaths during periods of economic and social unrest. Through the social changes imposed by the political and medical actors, the society knows old challenges, but also some completely new ones, which seem to influence the suicidal behavior among the population.
Aim. The paper tries to present the effects of anti-Covid-19 social measures, especially those decided by the Romanian authorities between March 2020 and March 2021, on mental health and suicidal behavior. Also, by assessing the public policy intentions expressed publicly in European leadership circles for the medium-term future, we wanted to identify the impact on lifestyle and suicidal behaviour.
Materials and method. The paper uses the medical literature in order to identify traditional or new risk factors for suicide, introduced into society by SARS-Cov-2 and the social restrictions that accompanied it. Also, sources from the domestic and international media are used to evaluate the future announced social resets and the possible impact on the suicidal behavior among the Romanian population.
Results. The feeling of induced fear and the change of some social routines, imposed by the political factors in the context of the Covid-19 virus, are supposed to be accompanied by increases in the suicide rate. The new economic challenges and social antagonisms, predictable for the near future, bring with them the risk of increasing suicidal behavior among the world's population and Romania.
Conclusion. In various countries, suicide rates have risen during the pandemic. New social measures are announced in authoritarian tones, with no intention of assessing the impact on the mental health of the population. The implementation of these innovative measures should be done only after balancing the psychological and psychiatric impact. The alternative could be the emergence of new epidemics of mental illness and suicide, which can unbalance society, as has never happened before.
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Law, Yik Wa. "Roads less taken: Pathways to care before near-lethal suicide attempts." International Social Work 63, no. 4 (August 29, 2018): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818796135.
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This study identifies the cultural values affecting near-lethal suicide attempters’ help-seeking behaviours. Six Chinese survivors of intentional near-lethal self-poisoning were interviewed and their medical records examined. Interviewees with strong suicidal intentions had less demand for healthcare services and were resistant to care. Non-contact with services was associated with perceived service irrelevance, unhelpfulness and personal need to maintain self-reliance and dignity. Service providers should be trained to be sensitive to these individual values to allow the delivery of a culturally-appropriate service for this population. Social work empowerment models that focus on users’ self-reliance should be adopted in practice for this high-risk group.
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Madu, S. N., and M. P. Matla. "The Prevalence of Suicidal Behaviours among Secondary School Adolescents in the Limpopo Province, South Africa." South African Journal of Psychology 33, no. 2 (May 2003): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630303300208.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behaviours among secondary school adolescents in the Limpopo Province. The participants in this study were 435 secondary school adolescents from Polokwane and surrounds. Two hundred and forty-three (56%) participants were female, and 192 (44%) were male. They were aged between 15 and 19 years, with a mean age of 17.25 years ( SD = 1.34). A questionnaire was used to record participants' demographic data and suicidal behaviours, including suicidal thoughts and threats, plans, and attempts to commit suicide). Thirty-seven percent of the secondary school adolescents surveyed indicated having thought of taking their own lives; 17% had made threats or informed others about their suicidal intentions; 16% had made plans to take their own lives but did not carry them through; 21% reported having attempted to take their own lives. These results indicate that a higher percentage of males than females had attempted suicide. The most frequent method used for attempting suicide was self-poisoning (44% of the attempters), followed by drug overdoses (25.3%), hanging (22%), self-stabbing (2.2%), and other methods, such as, jumping from heights, starvation, and drug abuse (6.6%).
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Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas, Florian Arendt, and Benedikt Till. "Predicting Intentions to Read Suicide Awareness Stories." Crisis 36, no. 6 (November 2015): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000344.
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Abstract. Background: Research on factors that influence the intention to read suicide awareness material is lacking. Aims: To identify how social and state similarities between the featured protagonist of a suicide awareness story and the audience impact on the intent to read similar stories. Method: Laboratory experiment with n = 104 students. Participants were randomly assigned to study groups. In the first group, the role model provided his personal story of crisis and was a student. In the second group, the content was identical but the model was socially dissimilar. The third group read about a topic unrelated to suicide. Depression, identification, and exposure intent were measured after the experiment. Conditional process analysis was carried out. Results: In the group featuring a once-suicidal role model with high social similarity, depression in the audience increased the intention to read similar material in the future via identification with the role model; 82% of individuals wanted to read similar material in the future, but only 50% wanted to do so in the group featuring a dissimilar person. Conclusion: Exposure intention increases via identification when role model and audience characteristics align regarding social traits and the experience of depression. These factors are relevant when developing campaigns targeting individuals with stories of recovery.
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Hart, Laura M., Penny Cropper, Amy J. Morgan, Claire M. Kelly, and Anthony F. Jorm. "teen Mental Health First Aid as a school-based intervention for improving peer support of adolescents at risk of suicide: Outcomes from a cluster randomised crossover trial." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 4 (November 9, 2019): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419885450.
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Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess evidence for a novel, universal mental health literacy programme in the school setting (teen Mental Health First Aid) as an intervention to improve peer support towards adolescents at risk of suicide and to examine whether participation in a school-based programme dealing with suicide was distressing to participants. Method: In a cluster randomised crossover trial, Australian high school students aged 15–17 years ( N = 1605, 44.74% female, Mage = 15.87) received either teen Mental Health First Aid or a matched control physical first aid course. Data were collected before, immediately after and 12 months after training through online surveys assessing correct recognition of suicidality and intentions to help a fictional peer (John) who was depicted as experiencing depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in a vignette. Students were also asked whether any information in the training or surveys was found distressing and completed a validated measure of psychological distress (the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale). Results: Students receiving teen Mental Health First Aid training were much more likely to report an increase from pre- to post-training in recognition of suicidality (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = [1.14, 3.39], p = 0.02) and appropriate first aid intentions towards a peer at risk of suicide than students receiving physical first aid (OR = 35.40, 95% CI = [19.86, 63.14], p < 0.001). Twelve months after training, most effects were still significant. Although a greater proportion of teen Mental Health First Aid participants self-reported feeling briefly distressed after the training, there was no evidence of greater distress at 12 months on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Conclusion: teen Mental Health First Aid is effective in increasing recognition of and intentions to assist a suicidal peer. Although the open discussion of mental health first aid for a suicidal peer was distressing for some students, results suggest this was transient and not associated with harm. Future studies are required to ascertain whether these increases are indeed associated with better provision of support and prevention of youth suicide.
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Cammisa, L., S. Pacifici, D. Alunni Fegatelli, D. Calderoni, F. Fantini, M. Ferrara, and A. Terrinoni. "Non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt: A continuum or separated identities?" European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.463.
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IntroductionNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been proposed as diagnostic entity and was added in the section 3 of the DSM 5. However, little is known about the long-term course of the disorder: NSSI and suicide attempt (SA) often lie on a continuum of self-harm, but it’s still unclear if they represent two different nosografical entities. Both these groups are commonly enclosed in the term of Deliberate self-harm (DSH), also including self-harm with suicidal intent conditions.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore differences between two clinical samples (NSSI and SA) to highlight the possible connection between these two categories, to better understand the risk of progression from NNSI into suicidal intent conditions.Methods102 inpatients with DSH (62 NNSI; 40 SA; age range: 12 to 18 years) were assessed by self-report questionnaires: the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Repetitive Non-suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire (R-NSSI-Q) to explore the severity and repetitiveness of self-injurious behaviors and by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency scale (MAST), as indirect measures of suicidal risk.ResultsPreliminary results showed that inpatients with NSSI (62) presented high scores of indirect suicide risk, similar to SA sample (40).ConclusionsThis result highlights the possibility to consider NSSI and SA in a continuum of psychopathology and that repetitive self-harm even in the absence of clear suicidal intentions represent a significant risk factor in the development of suicidality in adolescence.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Maruta, N., and I. Mudrenko. "Predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.463.
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IntroductionCognitive disorders are associated with a wide range of psychopathological syndromes and behavioral disorders, and suicidal manifestations in dementia are understudied nowadays.ObjectivesTo investigate clinical-psychopathological predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia.MethodologyForty-four patients with dementia were examined: 23 patients with suicidal manifestations and 21 patients without them (control group). Clinical and psychometrical methods were used: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale; Assessment of Suicide Risk scale; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and statistical ones.ResultsIt was determined that male patients with dementia had suicidal behavioral manifestations more often than female patients (69.6%; P < 0.05). An average age of the patients was 69.88 ± 1.85 years with no significant difference between the main and control groups.The majority of the patients with dementia (52.3%) had suicidal manifestations. Real suicidal intentions were the most frequent (25%; P < 0.05); 20.5% of patients expressed passive thoughts (anti-vital sentences, fantasies, ideas concerning death); 2 patients (6.82%; P < 0.05) had suicidal attempts. Patients with suicidal tendencies in their clinical picture more often had hallucinatory syndrome (39.1%; P < 0.05); features of severe depression (35.04 ± 1.54 points; P < 0.01); a high level of suicidal risk (26.34 ± 1.68 points; P < 0.01); a severe cognitive deficit (ММSE score 0–10); and a significantly lower level of self-awareness of death (18.53 ± 0.72 points; P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group.ConclusionsA high suicide risk in dementia correlated with a level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.6), moderate and/or severe grades of dementia (r = 0.45), and a low level of self-awareness of death (r = 0.35).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Iznak, E. V., E. V. Damyanovich, N. S. Levchenko, I. V. Oleichik, and A. F. Iznak. "EEG Asymmetries in Depressive Female Adolescents with Different Kinds of Auto-Aggressive Behavior." Psikhiatriya 18, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-14-21.
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Background: non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescence is a significant risk factor for suicide, and therefore, the search for neurobiological markers and predictors of risk for suicidal intentions and actions seems to be an urgent task. In particular, quantitative EEG parameters can be such predictors.Objective: to identify the features of EEG in female adolescents with endogenous depressive conditions, manifested only by NSSI without suicidal intentions, in comparison with the EEG of patients who had suicidal auto-aggressive behavior (SAB) in the structure of depression.Patients and methods: the study was conducted as a comparative clinical and neurophysiological. The study included 45 female patients aged 16–25 years with endogenous depressive conditions, divided into 2 subgroups: those who showed only NSSI (NSSI subgroup, 21 patients), or who had a history of SAB (SAB subgroup, 24 patients). Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological and statistical methods were used.Results and its discussion: intergroup differences were revealed in relation to the ratio and hemispheric asymmetry of the EEG spectral power of narrow frequency sub-bands of the parietal-occipital alpha rhythm. In the SAB subgroup alpha-2 (9–11 Hz) rhythm spectral power is higher than in the NSSI subgroup, the focus of alpha-2 spectral power is located in the right hemisphere, and alpha-3 sub-band (11–13 Hz) spectral power is higher than of alpha-1 (8–9 Hz). In the NSSI subgroup, alpha-1 (8–9 Hz) sub-band spectral power are higher than of alpha-3 (11–13 Hz), and focuses of alpha-2 (9–11 Hz) and alpha-3 (11–13 Hz) rhythms are localized in the left hemisphere. The results are discussed in terms of functional specialization of the brain hemispheres in relation to the regulation of emotions and control of behavior.Conclusions: the spatial distribution of the EEG frequency components in the SAB subgroup reflects the greater activation of the brain left hemisphere that is more typical for the EEG of individuals with an increased risk of suicide. In the NSSI subgroup, the right hemisphere is relatively more activated that is more typical for EEG in depressive disorders.The results obtained allow the use of quantitative EEG data to clarify the degree of suicidal risk in depressed female adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury.
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Rutkovskaya, Nataliya Sergeevna, Dmitriy Fedorovich Khritinin, Vladislav Kazimirovich Shamrey, and Evgeniy Sergeevich Kurasov. "Factors of the formation of suicidal behavior in patients of a psychiatric hospital." Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2202-04.
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The article studies the factors of the formation of suicidal behavior in patients of a psychiatric hospital. For this, we studied 370 archival case histories of patients in psychiatric hospitals after committing a suicidal attempt and expressing suicidal thoughts before hospitalization, as well as patients with various mental disorders who committed suicidal attempts (81 people) and expressing suicidal intentions before admission to a psychiatric hospital (80 people). Clinical-psychopathological, experimental-psychological and psychometric examination methods were used. It was found that in the «archival» groups (with suicidal attempts and statements), there was a predominance of patients suffering from organic mental disorders, and among inpatients — schizophrenia. It was shown that in patients examined in a hospital using the Pierce scale, the most common were medium and high levels of suicidal intentions, and according to the C-SSRS scale, 50,0 % of them had the most severe suicidal ideas with a specific plan for their implementation. The highest frequency and duration of suicidal ideation was found in patients with personality disorders. It was shown that both according to the study of archival case histories and the results of inpatient examination, heredity aggravated by alcoholism was most often noted (25,4 % and 25,9 %), less often — mental disorders (15,4 % and 11,1 %). In patients after suicidal attempts more often than with suicidal statements, mild depressive disorder (33,3 % and 30,0 %) and depressive disorder of extreme severity (12,3 % and 7,5 %) were determined. When analyzing personality-psychological factors, it was found that in persons who committed suicidal attempts, rigidity (32,1 %), withdrawal (30,9 %) and excitability (25,9 %) prevailed. In general, the study showed that the prevention of suicidal behavior should be carried out in all patients, without exception, admitted to a psychiatric hospital with a suicidal mental pathology.
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Zartaloudi, A., and E. Kalligeri. "Suicide in adolescence." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1675.
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IntroductionSuicide is one of the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. Adolescence is an important developmental period of life due to the increased risk of suicide and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo explore the suicidal ideation, intentions and risk factors of adolescents.MethodsA clinical case study presentation will be performed.ResultsAn adolescent female, aged of 16 years old, was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents of a General Hospital, diagnosed with behavioral and emotional disorder and active suicidal ideation on ground of sexual abuse. During her hospitalization, she exhibited self-destructive behaviour by swallowing objects or causing extensive skin scarring as well as serious suicide attempts by hanging. Her emotional and behavioral status was unstable and unpredictable. The adolescent had repeatedly expressed her will to escape from an unbearable life.ConclusionsThe results of the presentation of our clinical case could contribute to the improvement of awareness regarding suicidal behavior in adolescence, which might have a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of this potentially lethal condition.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Šidlauskaitė-Stripeikienė, Ieva, Nida Žemaitienė, and Jūratė Klumbienė. "Associations between depressiveness and psychosocial factors in Lithuanian rural population." Medicina 46, no. 10 (October 10, 2010): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina46100098.
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Background and objective. Data from various scientific studies all over the world show that depression is becoming one of the biggest health problems in society. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of depressiveness and its associations with psychosocial factors (stress, social support, suicidal intentions) in Lithuanian adult rural population. Material and methods. Within the Countrywide Integrated Non-communicable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) program, the survey was carried out in a stratified random sample of population aged 25–64 in 5 rural regions of Lithuania between 2006 and 2007. A total of 1754 participants were examined. Results. About half (43.8%) of respondents experienced high and moderate levels of depressiveness. Women in comparison to men reported higher levels of depressiveness. The likelihood of depressiveness among women was related to older age, lower education, small social network, lower level of social support, higher level of stress, and suicidal intentions. Whereas, the same indicator among men was associated with older age, lower education, being divorced, small social network, having no social support, higher level of stress, and suicidal intentions. Conclusions. Depressiveness is highly prevalent among Lithuanian rural population with a higher prevalence among women than men. Older persons and persons with lower education of both genders were more likely to be depressed than younger and more educated persons. Absence of social support, high level of stress, and suicidal intentions were related to higher levels of depressiveness in both genders. Depressiveness was more common among women having a small social network and divorced men.
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Rissmiller, David J., Al Wayslow, Harry Madison, Paul Hogate, Frances R. Rissmiller, and Robert A. Steer. "Prevalence of Malingering in Inpatient Suicide Ideators and Attempters." Crisis 19, no. 2 (March 1998): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.19.2.62.
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The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the prevalence of malingering by inpatients admitted to an urban hospital for suicidal ideation or attempt. Fifty-eight consecutively hospitalized suicidal patients were asked to participate, and of these 40 (70%) agreed to do so. Each patient was given an anonymous questionnaire asking whether they had lied or purposely exaggerated suicidal ideation to gain admission. A psychiatrist and masters-level psychologist, both blind to the patient responses, then rated each patient for suspicion of malingering. Each patient was also administered the MMPI-2 F, L, and K validity scales. Four patients (10%) indicated they had malingered and indicated that external incentives had motivated them to feign either suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt. None of the MMPI-2 validity scales correlated with self-reported malingering. The clinicians detected malingerers with 100% sensitivity, but the specificity rates were only 58% for the psychiatrist and 32% for the psychologist. The results indicate that some inpatients malinger about the extent of their suicidal intentions. The data demonstrate the difficulty inherent in detecting malingering by clinical interviewing and psychological testing.
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Davies, Fiona, Frank P. Deane, and Andrew Dalley. "General Practitioners' Help-seeking Intentions for Mental Health Problems." Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, no. 3 (2006): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06047.
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The objectives of this study were to determine general practitioners' (GPs) intentions to seek help for drug and alcohol problems and persistent suicidal thoughts, as well as their preferred sources of help. A postal survey of all GPs in the Illawarra region of New South Wales was conducted. One hundred and thirty-six GPs completed the questionnaire. Participants indicated they were most likely to seek help for drug and alcohol problems from a GP, the NSW Doctors' Health Advisory Service, family, or friends. GPs with persistent suicidal thoughts were most likely to seek help from a psychiatrist, GP, or family. GPs reported greater intentions to seek help from psychiatrists, psychologists, phone help-lines and family for persistent suicidal thoughts compared to drug and alcohol problems. However, as depression increased, intentions to seek help from GPs and family decreased. Family and other GPs were preferred sources of help for both types of problem described in this study. GP spouses often experience high levels of burden for caring for children, their GP spouse, and at times the practice itself. The importance of GPs' spouses suggests they should be included in any programs aimed at strengthening the helping support systems for GPs. It may also be useful to educate GPs generally about how to work with colleagues who are seeking help, and the sorts of barriers they may experience in doing so.
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Gorina, Ekaterina N. "Level Characteristics of Empathy and Suicidal Intentions of Teenagers." IIzvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 4, no. 1 (2015): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2015-4-1-87-89.
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Chumakov, Mikhail Vladislavovich, and Darya Mikhailovna Chumakova. "RELIGIOSITY OF PERSONALITY AND SUICIDAL INTENTIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Pedagogical Education in Russia, no. 4 (2020): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/po20-04-21.
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Шова, Н. И., Н. А. Сивакова, and В. А. Михайлов. "Anxiety Disorder as a Risk Factor of Suicidal Intentions in Patients with Epilepsy." Психиатрия, психотерапия и клиническая психология, no. 4 (January 26, 2021): 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2020.11.4.002.
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Тревожные расстройства широко распространены среди пациентов, страдающих эпилепсией. В современной литературе представлены многочисленные исследования о влиянии эмоциональных и аффективных расстройств на риск формирования суицидальных намерений, но все они сосредоточены преимущественно на депрессивном расстройстве.Материалы и методы. Нами обследовано 102 пациента с диагнозом «эпилепсия». Пациенты разделены на 2 группы: 1 – без суицидальных намерений (N=73), 2 – с суицидальными намерениями, верифицированными на момент проведения исследования (N=29). Обследование включало изучение анамнеза, клинический и неврологический осмотр, психометрический метод с применением шкал и опросников. Для скрининга симптомов тревоги использовались: госпитальная шкала тревоги и депрессии (HADS), симптоматический опросник SCL-90-R; с целью оценки риска возникновения суицидальных намерений использовался опросник суицидального риска Т.Н. Разуваевой.Результаты. Пациенты с суицидальными намерениями характеризовались достоверно значимым высоким значением тревоги (9,17 балла по HADS), что соответствует субклиническому уровню. Данный результат подтверждался SCL-90-R в виде увеличения значений показателей: тревожность (1,22 балла), соматизациия (1,30 балла). Наличие тревоги (r=0,7; p<0,05) достоверно ассоциировалось с фактором риска возникновения суицидальных намерений («временная перспектива»). Обратная корреляция (r=–0,63; p<0,05) между тревогой и «антисуицидальным фактором». Наличие тревоги является характерной чертой у пациентов с эпилепсией. Увеличение ее уровня повышает риск возникновения суицидальных намерений ввиду таких показателей, как «демонстративность», «аффективность» и «временная перспектива». По мере увеличения тревоги отмечается снижение «антисуицидального фактора».Выводы. Полученные нами данные в целом подтверждают высокую распространенность симптомов тревоги у пациентов с эпилепсией, их высокую коморбидность, а также их влияние на возникновение суицидальных намерений. Introduction. Anxiety disorders are widespread among patients with epilepsy. Numerous studies on the effect of emotional and affective disorders on the risk of suicidal intentions are presented in the modern literature, but all of them focus mainly on depressive disorder.Materials and methods. We examined 102 patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy, divided into 2 groups: 1 – without suicidal intent (N=73), 2 – with suicidal intent (N=29). The examination included an anamnesis, a clinical and neurological examination, a psychometric method using scales and questionnaires. The following symptoms were used to screen for anxiety symptoms: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), questionnaire of suicidal risk by T.N. Razuvaeva.Results. Patients with suicidal intent were characterized by significant high value of anxiety (9.17 points by HADS), which corresponds to subclinical level. This result was confirmed by SCL-90-R in the form of increase of the values of indicators: «anxiety» (1.22 points), «somatization» (1.30 points). The presence of anxiety (r=0.7; p<0.05) was reliably associated with risk factors of the occurrence of suicidal intentions («demonstrativeness», «affectiveness» and «time perspective»), the inverse correlation r=–0.63; p<0.05) between anxiety and antisuicidal factor.Conclusion. The presence of anxiety is a typical feature in patients with epilepsy. The increase of its level increases the risk of suicidal intentions, in view of such indicators as «demonstrativeness»,«affectiveness» and «time perspective». As anxiety increases, the anti-suicidal factor decreases. Our data generally confirm the high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in patients with epilepsy, their high comorbidity, as well as their effect on the occurrence of suicidal intentions.
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Gentile, Guendalina, Marta Nicolazzo, Rachele Bianchi, Paolo Bailo, Michele Boracchi, Stefano Tambuzzi, and Riccardo Zoja. "Mortality in Prisons: The Experience of the Bureau of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) (1993–2017)." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 1_suppl (January 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420934266.
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We undertook a retrospective analysis of deaths that took place in prisons in Milan between 1993 and 2017, by identifying cases from a total of 24,101 autopsies that were performed at the Section of Forensic Medicine of the University of Milan. From the archives of this institution, we found 227 autopsy reports relating to deaths that had taken place in one of Milan’s three detention facilities. These deaths were divided into two types: natural deaths ( n=135; 59.5%) and violent deaths ( n=92; 40.5%). The groups have different characteristics: while natural deaths mostly resulted from cardiovascular diseases, suicides were mainly the result of hanging. Further, people who died by suicide often had a history of psychiatric disease and/or drug abuse, and over a quarter of them had previous suicide attempts and/or had declared suicidal intentions. This study confirms the need for good quality healthcare services for prisoners, given that they remain a population at high risk of early death.
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Han, Jin, Philip J. Batterham, Alison L. Calear, and Rebecca Randall. "Factors Influencing Professional Help-Seeking for Suicidality." Crisis 39, no. 3 (May 2018): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000485.
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Abstract. Background: Evidence suggests that the majority of people with suicidality do not seek help. Little systematic evaluation of factors influencing professional help-seeking has been done. Aims: To systematically evaluate the factors that influence professional help-seeking for suicidality. Method: Published quantitative and qualitative studies in Medline and PsycInfo databases were reviewed following PRISMA. Results: In all, 55 relevant studies were identified. Of these, 15 studies examined professional help-seeking intentions for perceived suicidal ideation, among people with or without suicidality; 21 studies examined professional help-seeking behavior among people with suicidality; and 19 studies examined suicidal decedents' health services use. Several potential important barriers were identified including high self-reliance, lack of perceived need for treatment, and stigmatizing attitudes toward suicide, toward mental health issues, and toward seeking professional treatment. The presence of suicidality and mental health issues was found to generally decrease help-seeking intentions for perceived suicidal ideation while facilitating actual service use. Social support and informal support from family and friends also played an important role in professional help-seeking. Limitations: Although the majority of the included studies were of sound quality, some of the factors identified in the review were assessed in relatively few studies, and most of the included studies were conducted in industrialized countries. Conclusion: Further quantitative and qualitative studies examining the potential important factors in broader community samples, especially in developing countries, are needed.
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Sueki, Hajime, and Jiro Ito. "Suicide Prevention Through Online Gatekeeping Using Search Advertising Techniques." Crisis 36, no. 4 (July 2015): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000322.
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Abstract. Background: Nurturing gatekeepers is an effective suicide prevention strategy. Internet-based methods to screen those at high risk of suicide have been developed in recent years but have not been used for online gatekeeping. Aims: A preliminary study was conducted to examine the feasibility and effects of online gatekeeping. Method: Advertisements to promote e-mail psychological consultation service use among Internet users were placed on web pages identified by searches using suicide-related keywords. We replied to all emails received between July and December 2013 and analyzed their contents. Results: A total of 139 consultation service users were analyzed. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD = 9.7), and female users accounted for 80% of the sample. Suicidal ideation was present in 74.1%, and 12.2% had a history of suicide attempts. After consultation, positive changes in mood were observed in 10.8%, 16.5% showed intentions to seek help from new supporters, and 10.1% of all 139 users actually took help-seeking actions. Conclusion: Online gatekeeping to prevent suicide by placing advertisements on web search pages to promote consultation service use among Internet users with suicidal ideation may be feasible.
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Malhi, Gin S., and Erica Bell. "Make news: Suicidal behaviour disorder – A ‘diagnosis’ with good intentions?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 9 (September 2019): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419872533.
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Jamshidi, Farkhondeh, Malika Vaez Tehrani, and Ahmad Ghorbani. "The Treatment Results in Patients with Aluminum Phosphide Toxicity Admitted to Razi Hospital in Ahvaz." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 2348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211572348.
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Introduction: Aluminum phosphide (ALP), locally known as "Rice Tablet", is a cheap and powerful pesticide used frequently to protect cereals. Cases of ALP toxicity have grown dramatically in recent decades by using it for suicide purposes. Treatment of ALP toxicity is largely supported by various remedies as there is no specific antidote. This study deals with the epidemiology of ALP toxicity in Khuzestan (Iran) and assesses the clinical and paraclinical manifestations, as well as the results of various treatments during the last 12 years. The study further examines the next suicidal intentions and subsequent complications of poisoning with ALP. Methodology: The records of all patients with ALP toxicity admitted to Razi Hospital in Ahvaz from 2006 to 2017 were reviewed within a retrospective study. Epidemiological and demographic information, clinical and paraclinical manifestations, and the results of various treatments were extracted. Data on the subsequent complications and the next suicidal intentions in those who have survived a suicide attempt were gathered and analyzed. Results: Of the 48 patients studied, 50% were male and the mean age was 29.33±10.45. Most of the toxicities were orally and with the intention of suicide in Ahvaz and Andimeshk. A total of 71.42% of the dead have been carried to this center. The majority of cases were reported from urban areas and in August and during summer. The most prevalent clinical signs were loss of consciousness, nausea, and vomiting. There were some differences in the experimental and EKG results. A meaningful correlation was observed between the administration and/or consumption of ranitidine, NAC, and intravenous sodium bicarbonate with treatment outcomes. Only one case of reattempt to suicide has been reported, and hematuria, ascites, and pleural effusion were widely visible in survivors. Conclusion: On-call counseling may decrease the rate of mortality in dispatching patients. Clinical and paraclinical manifestations can be useful in the diagnosis or prognosis. Patients' follow-up, actions to enhance public awareness, restrictions on the distribution of ALP, and availability of alternative substances can be helpful to diminish cases of ALP toxicity and/or death. Keywords: Aluminum phosphide (ALP), Rice tablets, Poisoning, Khuzestan
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Scarth, Bonnie, Jesse M. Bering, Ian Marsh, Vilma Santiago-Irizarry, and Karl Andriessen. "Strategies to Stay Alive: Adaptive Toolboxes for Living Well with Suicidal Behavior." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158013.
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Suicidal behavior constitutes a major global problem. Qualitative research utilizing the first-hand experiences of those who have survived attempts to take their own lives can offer much in the way of understanding how to live well despite ongoing suicidal behavior. Given that suicidal intentions and behaviors occur within the person’s subjective construal, the solutions to living—and preferably living well—despite such inclinations must also be subjective and adaptive. The aim of this study was therefore to understand how individuals live with different aspects of their suicidal behavior and their use of effective strategies to protect themselves from future attempts. Thematic analysis of semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 17 participants with lived experience of suicidal behavior from the USA yielded two main themes: (i) the ‘dynamic relationship with suicidal behavior: living with, and through’, and (ii) ‘the toolbox’. Each of these themes had four subthemes. Participants in this study offered important insights into what helped them not just survive ongoing suicidal behavior, but how they created unique toolboxes to continue living, and to live well. These toolboxes contained personalized solutions to dealing with recurring threats to their subjective wellbeing and included diverse solutions from spirituality, pets, peer-support, participating in the arts, through to traditional therapeutic supports. Some participants also discussed the importance of broader social policy and societal changes that help them live. The findings highlight crucial implications for suicide prevention efforts, especially in terms of encouraging collaborations with the lived experience community and furthering a strengths-based approach to mitigating suicidal behaviors. We encourage the clinical community to work in partnership with service-users to enable them to generate effective solutions to living—and living well—through suicidal behavior.
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Hjelmeland, Heidi, Birthe Loa Knizek, and Hilmar Nordvik. "The Communicative Aspect of Nonfatal Suicidal Behavior— Are There Gender Differences?" Crisis 23, no. 4 (July 2002): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.23.4.144.
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Summary: Data from the Norwegian part of the WHO/EURO Multicenter Study on Suicidal Behavior were used to investigate gender differences in the communicative aspect of nonfatal suicidal behavior by means of analyzing precipitating factors, intentions involved in and effects of the suicidal act within the frame of Qvortrup's interpretation of speech-act theory. Eighty-nine patients (48 women and 41 men) were included in the analyses. Virtually no gender differences were found. Thus, in general, the results did not support the view that persons engaging in nonfatal suicidal behavior should receive different treatment or follow-up as a group based on their gender. The results gave some support to Qvortrup's speech-act theory and his four categories of suicidal behavior: emotional toward others, regulative toward others, emotional toward oneself and regulative toward oneself.
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Maruta, Nataliya, Iryna Mudrenko, Galyna Kalenska, and Mykhailo Denysenko. "Suicidal behavior in patients with dementia." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 28, issue 4 (105) (December 28, 2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v28-is4-2020-1.
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203 patients were examined, including 75 with dementia at Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 73 with vascular dementia (VD) and 60 patients with mixed dementia (MD). Patients were divided into main and control group by the factor of presence/absence of signs of suicidal behavior (intentions, attempts, thoughts, anti-vital mood, statements). Among patients with AD, 36 patients were the main group, 39 were the control group; at VD 39 patients were main group, 34 were control group; in mixed dementia, 30 patients were included in the main group, 30 patients were in the control group. It has been found that in 56 % of cases with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, in 65 % with vascular dementia and 56 % with mixed dementia of the clinical picture, suicidal behavior (SB) is observed. The complex of factors of SB risk/anti- risk and suicide-genesis mechanisms in dementia, that became the targets for development of differentiated program for medical and psychological rehabilitation and prevention (MPRP) patients with SB in dementia were distinguished. The suicide-genesis concept in dementia which determines the mechanisms of the formation of suicidal behavior under the influence of clinical and intra-personal indexes, was worked out. Accounting the formation mechanisms and SB predictors, special features of clinical and psychopathological, clinical and phenomenological SB demonstration in various types of dementia the complex and differentiated MPRP program and SB prevention, realized on the basis of complex approach including usage of psychopharmacological, psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational psychosocial actions was worked out and tested. The result of the developed system testing proved its high efficiency, which is supported by the positive dynamics of clinical and psychopathological indexes of suicide status and level of independence in the everyday life of patients with SB in dementia.
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Lau, Rosalind, Carol A. Morse, and Stephen Macfarlane. "Psychological Factors Among Elderly Women With Suicidal Intentions or Attempts to Suicide: A Controlled Comparison." Journal of Women & Aging 22, no. 1 (February 8, 2010): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08952840903488831.
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Westerlund, Michael, Gergö Hadlaczky, and Danuta Wasserman. "Case study of posts before and after a suicide on a Swedish internet forum." British Journal of Psychiatry 207, no. 6 (December 2015): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154484.
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SummaryWebsites and discussion forums have become an important and sometimes controversial source of information on suicide. Using a case report, our aim was to examine the responses, attitudes and beliefs that were communicated on a forum before, during and after a suicide act. We undertook two related analyses: a qualitative investigation of the messages that were posted before the suicide and a combined qualitative–quantitative analysis of the messages posted during and after the suicide. Nearly half the posted messages before the suicide encouraged the victim to complete the suicidal act, and a surprising number of posts after the suicide expressed excitement, although around half of the posts considered the suicide to be tragic. It is of great importance to increase awareness of suicide signals and understanding about how to respond to individuals who communicate suicide intentions on different forums on the internet.
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Kroner, Daryl G., Tamara Kang, Jeremy F. Mills, Andrew J. R. Harris, and Michelle M. Green. "Reliabilities, Validities, and Cutoff Scores of the Depression Hopelessness Suicide Screening Form Among Women Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 8 (June 10, 2011): 779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811409004.
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Depression and hopelessness can be associated with negative outcomes among offenders, such as reduced treatment impact, institutional misconduct, suicide risk, and health care costs. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Depression Hopelessness Suicide Screening Form (DHS) among women offenders. The DHS Depression and Hopelessness scales showed good internal consistency and test—retest reliability. Convergent and discriminant validities were supported through the relationship of the DHS with other established scales of depression, mood, suicidal intentions, and psychological distress. Optimal and conservative cutoff scores for the DHS Depression and Hopelessness scales were evaluated against criteria from a DSM-IV-based interview. Discussion centers on the importance of gender-based norms when assessing women offenders.
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Linden, Michael, and Sven Barnow. "The Wish to Die in Very Old Persons Near the End of Life: A Psychiatric Problem? Results From the Berlin Aging Study." International Psychogeriatrics 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297004456.
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The wish to die in elderly persons is currently under debate. Experts are questioning whether it is natural for these individuals to show a wish to die, whether the right to eventually kill oneself should be respected, or whether suicidal intentions in old age are expressions of mental disorders that need intensive, professional care. A representative community sample of 516 persons aged 70 to 105 was extensively investigated by psychiatrists using the structured interview Geriatric Mental State Examination-Version A (GMS-A) and several self-rating and observer-rating scales. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-III-R criteria and by clinical judgment. The goal of the study was to find examples of “pathology-free wishes to kill oneself.” A total of 115 out of 516 very old (70 to 105 years) persons, which represents 21.1% of the community population, said at the time of investigation that they wanted to die or felt life was not worth living (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAMD] score 1, 2, or 3). Forty-three very old persons (6% of the community population) had the wish to be dead according to the HAMD or the GMS-A, and 11 persons (2% of the community population) had suicidal intentions. Depending on the intensity of suicidality, 80% to 100% were clinically diagnosed as having psychiatric disorders and half to three quarters showed symptoms fulfilling the criteria of at least one specified psychiatric diagnosis. Acute suicidal intentions were in all cases associated with at least one specified diagnosis according to DSM-III-R. Thirteen persons out of 54 who actually wanted to die (GMS-A category 4, 5, 6 or HAMD category 2, 3) did not fulfill criteria for specified diagnoses. Seven individuals showed scores in self-rating and observer-rating scales that speak for mental disorders apart from pure suicidality. Six remaining persons are described in greater detail in short case vignettes. They showed either mild but chronic psychiatric disorders, fluctuating courses, or an atypical phenomenology of psychiatric disorders. The results of this study strongly suggest that the wish to be dead in the very old is most probable, and suicidal intentions are definitely associated with psychiatric disorders.
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Purushothaman, Punithakumary, K. C. Premarajan, Jayalakshmy R., and Susila T. "Why do people attempt suicide? A mixed methods research from South India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192809.
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Background: Every 40 seconds a person dies by suicide. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people 15-29 years of age, globally. In India, there is an increasing trend of suicide from 10.4 per lakh in 2003 to 10.9 per lakh in 2009.Methods: A (QUAN – QUAL) sequential explanatory design was used. Among 200 patients admitted for attempted suicide in JIPMER and Indira Gandhi Government Hospital and Post Graduate Institute Pondicherry were assessed for the reasons for attempting suicide using a semi-structured questionnaire. For a subsample of 40 (20%) In-depth interview was done to explore and understand the reasons and the undermined situation associated with attempted suicide at their residence.Results: Among the study subjects (n=200), mean (±standard deviation) age of suicide attempt was 26±9.1 years. Commonest reason for attempting suicide was verbal abuse, most often by parents (31.9%). Other precipitating factors were physical abuse, illness, marital conflict, family related problem, etc. On IDI, it was found that there were several factors like, background factors, aggravating, and protective factor. A conceptual diagram was generated depicting the imbalance between the protective and aggravating factors acting on the background factors before the execution of a suicide attempt.Conclusions: There is lot of scope to reduce the suicidal attempts in our country. Opportunistic screening should be done to identify any psycho-social issues among patients attending OPD. Strong social support and enabling environment should be provided for counselling individuals with suicidal ideation and intentions.