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Journal articles on the topic 'Suicide at work'
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1
Waters, Sarah, Marina Karanikolos, and Martin McKee. "When work kills." Journal of Public Mental Health 15, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-06-2016-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the rising public health phenomenon of workplace suicide drawing on comparative insights from the French and UK contexts. France has experienced what the media describes as a “suicide epidemic” in the workplace, with rising numbers of employees choosing to kill themselves in the face of extreme pressures at work. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a comparative approach drawing on insights from the French context, in which workplace suicide is legally and officially recognised, to shed critical light on the UK context where workplace suicide remains a hidden phenomenon. Findings Whilst in France, workplace suicide is treated as an urgent public health phenomenon and data on suicides are collected centrally, in the UK, despite a deterioration in working conditions, suicide is not recognised in legislation and data are not collected centrally. Unless society recognises and document rising workplace suicides, we will be unable to deal with their profound human consequences for suicidal individuals, their families and society more widely. Research limitations/implications Research on workplace suicides in the UK and many other national contexts is hampered by fragmentary statistical data on this phenomenon. Practical implications The paper calls for greater recognition, analysis and monitoring of workplace suicide in the UK. Suicide should be included in the list of workplace accidents that are reported to the authorities for further investigation. In a context where workplace conditions are deteriorating, society need to recognises the profound human costs of these conditions for the individual employee. Social implications The paper has important implications for the contemporary workplace in terms of the contractual relationship between employer and employee. Originality/value Workplace suicide is an urgent, yet under-researched phenomenon. The paper brings a comparative and multidisciplinary perspective to bear on this phenomenon.
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Germain, Marie-Line. "Work-related suicide." Employee Relations 36, no. 2 (December 20, 2013): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2013-0009.
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Purpose – For the past 50 years, the research literature has shown that employment can contribute to an individual's personal development. Yet, it has also shown that it can become a life-threatening stressor. Reported occupational suicides increased by 22.2 percent between 1995 and 2010, becoming a leading cause of death in the USA. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of six US government reports on employee suicides between 1995 and 2012. Design/methodology/approach – Through an interpretive case study approach (Yin, 2003), this study undertook a document analysis of key US government reports examining occupational suicides. Specifically, an analysis of three US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports was undertaken along with other documents, identifying key themes and facts. Findings – The analysis of the US government reports reveals a dim legal recognition of employee suicide as an occupational accident. The paper presents the characteristics of suicides as an occupational accident as well as the profile of a typical US occupational suicide victim. Finally, the paper discusses the main causes of employee suicide. Practical implications – Organizations have a “duty of care” to their employees, both physical and psychological. Human resource (HR) professionals ought to create preventive policies to minimize work-related suicides and have clear crisis management systems in place, should an employee commit suicide or threaten to do so. Originality/value – Occupational distress is not typically apparent or obvious and is not the subject of many studies in the field of HRs. Yet, because of its rampant increase in today's organizations, its direct connection with employee suicide and its impact on organizational revenues, psychological distress in the workplace merits closer attention. This paper is unique as it provides insights for HR professionals based on the analysis of US government reports on work-related suicides.
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Waters, Sarah, and Hilda Palmer. "Dying at work. Work-related suicide – how does the UK regulatory context measure up?" Journal of Public Mental Health 21, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-09-2021-0114.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how work-related suicides are monitored, investigated and regulated in the UK, examining a small selection of cases and drawing on international comparison with other countries. Effective data collection and regulation are the cornerstone of suicide prevention, and this paper aims to consider whether the UK’s current regulatory framework provides an effective basis for preventing work-related suicides. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on qualitative sociological methods and is based on an in-depth analysis of 12 suicide cases occurring between 2015 and 2020. In each case, work-related causal factors had been previously identified by at least one official source (police enquiry, coroner or employer’s investigation). This study analysed multiple sources of documentation and undertook interviews with individuals close to each suicide case. The aim of this study was to consider the organisational response of three stakeholder organisations to the suicides: the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the coroner and the employer. Findings The study points to serious shortcomings in the UK’s regulatory response to work-related suicides. Suicides are currently not recorded, investigated or regulated. Whereas the fracture of an arm or leg in the workplace needs to be reported to the HSE for further investigation, a suicide occurring in the workplace or that is work-related does not need to be reported to any public agency. Employers are not required to investigate an employee suicide or make any changes to workplace policies and practices in the aftermath of a suicide. The work-related factors that may have caused one suicide may, therefore, continue to pose health and safety risks to other employees. Originality/value Whereas some recent studies have examined work-related suicides within specific occupations in the UK, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the UK’s regulatory framework for work-related suicides. The study on which the paper is based produced a set of recommendations that were targeted at key stakeholder organisations.
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Park, Sang-Mi. "Effects of work conditions on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults in South Korea." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019831327.
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Background: Korea has the highest rate of suicide in the world and has held this rank for the last decade. Suicide has risen especially sharply among 45- to 54-year-old Koreans; there were about 32.1 suicides per 100,000 individuals in 2015, and this contributed significantly to the rising suicide rate in Korea. Recently, adverse work conditions, including insecure employment and shift work, have been suggested as a suicide risk factor. However, little is known about the influence of insecure employment on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults. Furthermore, prior research has examined the association between shift work and suicidal ideation only among individuals engaged in specific jobs, such as police work or firefighting, and those investigations have not focused on middle-aged adults. Aim: This study investigated the influence of employment status and shift work on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults. Methods: The sample comprised waged, middle-aged adult employees ( n = 2,364) aged 45–64 years who had participated in the cross-sectional Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, this study evaluated the associations of employment status and shift work with suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults. Results: The major finding was that insecure employment status was independently associated with suicidal ideation in middle-aged adults (odds ratio (OR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.27, 4.94]) and that shift work was significantly associated with suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.14, 4.66]). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need for multidimensional interventions regarding suicide, especially for middle-aged adults engaged in insecure jobs and shift work. Multidimensional interventions, including early screening for suicidal thoughts during routine medical check-ups, readily available work-based counselling programmes and regular monitoring, are likely to be useful.
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Genest, Christine, Rosemary Ricciardelli, and R. Nicholas Carleton. "Correctional Work: Reflections Regarding Suicide." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084280.
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The Public Health Agency of Canada declared suicide a public health problem in Canada (2016). Employees working in correctional services, researchers find, experience high rates of life-time suicidal ideation in comparison to other public safety professionals and the general population. Suicide behaviours (i.e., ideation, planning, attempts, death) are a multifactorial phenomenon, explained in part by the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide that suggests attempted suicide is facilitated by perceived burdensomeness, a lost sense of belonging, a feeling of hopelessness, and a progressively reduced fear of death, as well as capacity and planning to engage a lethal attempt. In the current study, we unpack the factors that can influence suicide behaviours as reported by correctional workers. Our intent is to make explicit the experiences of a small sample (n = 25) of correctional workers in relation to suicidal behaviours, highlighting stories of recovery and acknowledging the importance of facilitating psychologically safe workplaces. Analysis entailed an inductive semi-grounded emergent theme approach. Participants identified certain risk factors as being able to induce suicidal ideation, such as marital or family problems as well as difficulties at work (i.e., bullying or difficult working conditions). Having children and a partner may act as factors preventing suicide for those with ideation. Participants sought help from professionals, such as their family doctor, a psychologist, or the Employee Assistance Program (EAP); however, the lack of perceived organisational supports and recognition of the issue of suicide by the employer are two elements that can hinder the search for help.
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Sapozhnikov, Sergei, Andrei Golenkov, Zoltán Rihmer, Gabor S. Ungvari, and Gábor Gazdag. "Weekly patterns of suicide and the influence of alcohol consumption in an urban sample." Ideggyógyászati szemle 75, no. 3-4 (2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.75.0099.
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The weekly fluctuation in suicide rates is influenced by several factors including sex, psychiatric illness and alcohol dependence. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of current alcohol use on suicid Data on sex, date of death, results of blood and/or urine alcohol tests and history of alcohol dependence in suicide victims over the 1997-2002 period were retrieved from a forensic database in two cities in Chuvash Republic. Over the six-year study period, 1,379 suicides were committed, 59% of them under the influence of alcohol. The peak incidence for men and women regardless of previous alcohol consumption was on Wednesdays and Mondays, respectively. The overall suicide rate was highest on Mondays and lowest on Thursdays. Both sexes were less likely to commit suicide during holidays than on weekends or workdays while intoxicated with alcohol. In this urban sample, the distribution of suicide across weekdays only partly followed the international pattern. The peak incidence of suicide showed sex difference, with the highest incidence for women on Mondays and for men on Wednesdays. The higher suicide rate on workdays might be accounted for by work-related stress, while the lower rate on weekends could be explained that people usually drink alcohol in the comforting company of family or friends, which reduces psychological tension and suicidal ideation. The majority of men consumed alcohol before committing suicide, regardless of the day of the week, while this observation was true for women only on Fridays and Sundays. Alcohol consumption greatly contributes to suicidal behavior in Chuvash Republic.
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Mehlum, Ingrid Sivesind, Therese N. Hanvold, Lars Mehlum, Rachel L. Hasting, Suzanne L. Merkus, and emerit Petter Kristensen. "O7B.4 Are psychosocial working conditions associated with suicide and intentional self-harm? a register-based study of 420,895 norwegians." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A63.2—A63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.170.
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ObjectivesPoor psychosocial working conditions are associated with increased risk of mental health disorders. Some studies suggest that work factors may also increase the risk of suicidal behaviour. However, these studies mostly measured suicidal ideation, rarely completed suicides, and hardly ever used longitudinal data. We aimed to examine the relationship between selected psychosocial work factors and death by suicide, as well as hospital treatment for intentional self-harm and similar diagnoses.MethodsData on all persons born in Norway 1967–1976, employed in 2007 (n=420,895), were retrieved from national registers. Binary psychosocial work exposures were obtained from a job-exposure matrix for job demands, job control and leader support. Based on these, we constructed job strain (high demands, low control), and isostrain (high demands, low control, low support) exposure variables. These were linked to occupation in 2007 (ISCO88 four-digit codes). We estimated associations (Risk Ratios, RRs) between the psychosocial work factors and four-year risk of intentional self-harm and suicide in binomial regression models, adjusted for year of birth, education level, marital history and current family pattern.ResultsDuring 2008–2011, 884 had diagnoses of intentional self-harm (annual rate 53 per 100,000; women 56, men 49), while 164 suicided (annual rate 9.7; women 4.5, men 14.5). Intentional self-harm was associated with all work factors, except job demands and leader support among men. Associations were strongest for high isostrain, adjusted RR 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.7) and high job strain RR 1.3 (1.2–1.5), similar in women and men. Associations with suicide were positive only among men, with strongest associations for high job strain, RR 1.5 (1.0–2.1).ConclusionsPsychosocial work factors were associated with intentional self-harm in both sexes, but only in men for suicide. High isostrain and high job strain showed the strongest associations. Reasons other than a causal relationship cannot be excluded, particularly health selection.
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L. BEAUTRAIS, ANNETTE. "Suicides and serious suicide attempts: two populations or one?" Psychological Medicine 31, no. 5 (July 2001): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003889.
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Background. Few studies have examined the extent to which populations of suicides and attempted suicides are similar, or different. This paper compares suicides and serious suicide attempts in terms of known risk factors for suicidal behaviour.Methods. Using case–control methodology, risk factors for suicidal behaviour were examined in 202 individuals who died by suicide, 275 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts and 984 randomly selected control subjects. Based on data from significant others, measures used spanned sociodemographic factors, childhood experiences, psychiatric morbidity and psychiatric history, exposure to recent stressful life events and social interaction.Results. Multiple logistic regression identified the following risk factors that were common to suicide and serious suicide attempts: current mood disorder; previous suicide attempts; prior out-patient psychiatric treatment; admission to psychiatric hospital within the previous year; low income; a lack of formal educational qualifications; exposure to recent stressful interpersonal, legal and work-related life events. Suicides and suicide attempts were distinguished in the following ways: suicides were more likely to be male (OR = 1·9, 95% CI 1·1, 3·2); older (OR = 1·03, 95% CI 1·02, 1·04); and to have a current diagnosis of non-affective psychosis (OR = 8·5, 95% CI 2·0, 35·9). Suicide attempts were more likely than suicides to have a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR = 3·5, 95% CI 1·6, 7·8) and to be socially isolated (OR = 2·0, 95% CI 1·2, 3·5). These findings were confirmed by discriminant function analysis, which identified two functions that described the three subject groups: the first function discriminated the two suicide groups from control subjects on a dimension corresponding to risk factors for suicide; the second function discriminated suicide from suicide attempt subjects on a series of factors including gender, non-affective psychosis and anxiety disorder.Conclusions. Suicides and medically serious suicide attempts are two overlapping populations that share common psychiatric diagnostic and history features, but are distinguished by gender and patterning of psychiatric disorder.
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Soares, Raquel Juliana De Oliveira, and Flaviana Pereira Bastos Nascimento. "Suicídio e Tentativa de Suicídio: Contribuições da Enfermagem Brasileira." Journal of Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n1p19-24.
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Considerado um problema de saúde pública, o suicídio vem aumentando mundialmente. É um problema complexo para o qual não existe uma única causa ou razão, e para que a prevenção seja efetiva é preciso que os profissionais da saúde entendam do assunto e saibam reconhecer o comportamento suicida. Neste sentido, foi traçado como objetivo analisar a produção científica da enfermagem brasileira sobre suicídio e tentativa de suicídio no período de 2005 a 2015. Revisão integrativa com análise temática. Observou-se o aumento das publicações sobre suicídio, tentativa de suicídio e adolescente. Homens comentem mais suicídio e as mulheres são mais prevalentes nas tentativas. Enforcamento, intoxicação e arma de fogo são os meios mais utilizados no suicídio e nas tentativas de suicídio. Concluiu-se que existe uma urgência em se trabalhar a prevenção do suicídio baseado nas publicações, uma vez que as mesmas abordam desde o perfil dos suicidas até os métodos utilizados no suicídio e tentativas de suicídio. Palavras-chave: Saúde Pública. Pesquisa em Enfermagem. Revisão.AbstractConsidered a public health problem, suicide is increasing worldwide. It is a complex problem for which there is no single cause or reason, and so that prevention ise effective it is necessary that health professionals understand the issue and know how to recognize suicidal behavior. In this regard it was drawn to analyze the scientific production of Brazilian nursing on suicide and attempted suicide in the period from 2005 to 2015. Integrative review with thematic analysis. There was an increase in publications about suicide, suicide attempt and adolescents. Men commit more suicide and women are more prevalent in attempts. Hanging, poisoning and firearms are the most used means of suicide and the suicide attempts. It was concluded that there is an urgent need to work to prevent suicide based on publications, since the same address not only the suicide’s profile but alsothe methods used in suicide and suicide attempts.Keywords: Public Health. Nursing Research. Review.
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Maris, Ronald W. "Suicide Prevention in Adults (Age 30–65)." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 25, no. 1 (March 1995): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1995.tb00401.x.
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Relatively little is known about midlife suicides, compared to adolescent and elderly suicides. A life‐span model of suicidal behaviors is suggested as a heuristic conceptual tool. General midlife tasks and crises, as outlined by Levinson and Erikson, are reviewed. However, more than routine midlife developmental problems occur in most suicides. Some of the possible distinctive traits of midlife suicides (versus younger and older suicides) include: loss of spouse, years of heavy drinking, reaching the age of high depression risk, and occupational problems (including unemployment, inability to work, and retirement). Midlife suicide rates tend to be highest among white males, although female suicide rates peak in midlife. The paper concludes with a review of assessment and treatment issues related to a half‐dozen high‐risk midlife suicide types.
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Peek-Asa, Corinne, Ling Zhang, Cara Hamann, Jonathan Davis, and Laura Schwab-Reese. "Characteristics and Circumstances Associated with Work-Related Suicides from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2013–2017." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 9538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189538.
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Workplaces are critical in suicide prevention because work-related factors can be associated with suicide, and because workplaces can be effective suicide prevention sites. Understanding the circumstances associated with work-related suicides can advance worksite prevention efforts. Data from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Violent Death Reporting System from 2013 to 2017 were used to examine characteristics and circumstances associated with work compared with non-work suicides. Work-related suicides included those indicated as work-related on the death certificate or in which the death investigation mentioned a work problem or work crisis. Of the 84,389 suicides, 12.1% had some relation to the decedent’s work. Males, those aged 21–54, and with at least a college education, were most likely to have work-related suicides. The circumstances most strongly associated with work-related suicide were financial problems (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.7; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 4.5–5.0), prior depressed mood (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.3–2.5), and eviction/loss of home (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.4–1.7). Suicides among healthcare practitioners and management occupations had the highest odds of being work-related. Workplace wellness programs can consider incorporating services, such as financial planning and mental health services, as potentially up-stream approaches to prevent work-related suicide.
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Elnaz Ghaffari. "A systematic review of suicide among Iranians physicians, etiology and solutions." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2024): 1582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1243.
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Suicide is a multifaceted public health problem that, unfortunately, remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Studies show that the rate of mental illness, particularly suicide, is higher among doctors than among the public, and the risk of depression and suicide among doctors has also increased. Interventions such as resilience and mindfulness programs can reduce suicidal thoughts among medical students. Suicide prevention programs should target high-risk groups, such as physicians. Studies have shown that medical students and physicians are at higher risk of suicide than the general population. The prevalence of mental health issues and suicidal thoughts increases during medical school. Psychological factors, such as burnout, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, can lead to suicidal thoughts. Considering the worldwide significance of this issue and the recent increase in mortality among youthful Iranian physicians, we conducted and investigated the prevalence and possible causes of suicidal ideation among Iranian medical students and graduates in this study. The problem of suicides among Iranian doctors and the sudden increase in the deaths of doctors, especially young people, is dangerous. Suicides among Iranian medical, dental, and pharmacy students have increased in recent years. It may be beneficial to support populations at high risk for suicidal ideation and provide screening for early intervention, as well as raise awareness of the prevalence and impact of suicidal thoughts among male students, school officials, and teachers. Screening should include individuals with a family history of mental health issues and those who are separated from their parents, as these individuals are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts. Reducing the prevalence of suicidal ideation may benefit from smoking cessation interventions and stress-reducing curricula. In addition, studies show that work stress among Iranian doctors and dentists can affect their work and treatment. Controlling and managing occupational stress is vital to prevent future problems, as it can have physical and psychological consequences. High levels of occupational stress among these doctors can also pose a danger to their patients. Identifying the causes of physician suicide can help to control and manage it.
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Reeves, Aaron, Martin McKee, and David Stuckler. "Economic suicides in the Great Recession in Europe and North America." British Journal of Psychiatry 205, no. 3 (September 2014): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.144766.
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SummaryThere has been a substantial rise in ‘economic suicides' in the Great Recessions afflicting Europe and North America. We estimate that the Great Recession is associated with at least 10 000 additional economic suicides between 2008 and 2010. A critical question for policy and psychiatric practice is whether these suicide rises are inevitable. Marked cross-national variations in suicides in the recession offer one clue that they are potentially avoidable. Job loss, debt and foreclosure increase risks of suicidal thinking. A range of interventions, from upstream return-to-work programmes through to antidepressant prescriptions may help mitigate suicide risk during economic downturn.
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Zmysłowska, Magdalena. "Suicide of the elderly as a challenge for social work." Praca Socjalna 38, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2491.
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The article deals with the issue of suicides of the elderly, and the aim of the analysis has been reduced to two questions: what are the risk factors for suicides of the elderly? and what are the possibilities for preventing the suicidal behavior of seniors? The desk research method was used and 40 articles from countries such as South Korea, China, Taiwan, the United States, Canada, Ghana, New Zealand, Iran, Israel, Romania, Greece, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Poland, and Spain were analyzed. Research indicates that the most common risk factors are mental disorders (mainly depression), physical diseases that reduce the quality of life, and social factors (loss of loved ones and disappearing ties with family). The possibilities of prevention come down primarily to treating mental disorders and physical diseases and creating national, comprehensive strategies for preventing suicide in seniors. The article also contains tips for social workers working with older people.
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Horoșan, Lavinia, Diana-Elena Nistor, Adriana Ion, Mihai Corban, and Ana Giurgiuca. "Understanding suicide." Discoveries 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): e183. https://doi.org/10.15190/d.2024.2.
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Suicide remains a significant public health challenge globally, requiring comprehensive approaches for prevention and treatment. Almost 90% of individuals who commit suicide suffer from mental health disorders at the time of death, emphasizing the central role of psychiatry in understanding and preventing suicide. Suicidal thoughts, planning, attempts, and completed suicides exist on a continuum, with the highest suicide rates occurring within six months after an attempt and more severe attempts increasing the risk of future suicide. History plays a significant role in shaping the perception of suicide, from considering it a sin to recognizing it as a mental illness. Emile Durkheim's ground-breaking work on suicide as a social phenomenon furthered our understanding. Knowledge regarding the complexities surrounding suicide is paramount to developing effective strategies. Early detection through clinical interviews and screening tools and creating safe spaces for discussion are critical prevention measures. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are essential for addressing underlying psychiatric disorders and reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. While significant progress has been made in understanding suicide risk factors and implementing prevention strategies, continued research and community engagement are imperative. Destigmatizing mental health discourse and fostering supportive environments are essential steps toward reducing the incidence of suicide and supporting individuals in distress. By embracing a holistic approach that integrates pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, along with societal engagement, we can strive towards a future where suicide is increasingly rare, and individuals feel valued, supported, and connected.
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Chen, Ying-Yeh, Paul S. F. Yip, Chi-Wei Tsai, and Hsiang-Fang Fan. "Media Representation of Gender Patterns of Suicide in Taiwan." Crisis 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000118.
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Background: Extensive media reporting of suicide events has been indicated as a contributing factor to the upsurge in suicide rates in Taiwan in the past decade. Aims: The study compares gender differences in sociodemographic profiles and method of suicide selectively reported in the newspapers and all suicide cases registered in official death records. It also identifies gender differences in media reports of suicides. Methods: Articles reporting suicide news from four major newspapers in Taiwan (China Times, United Daily, Liberty Times, and Apple Daily) in 2009 were retrieved and analyzed. Gender differences in sociodemographic profiles of suicides reported in the newspapers and official records of all suicide deaths were compared. Any gender differences in newspaper depictions of contributing factors of suicide and situations surrounding the suicidal acts were compared. Results: Newspapers in Taiwan tended to overreport unusual methods of suicide among men and extended suicide among women. The reasons for suicide in men were more frequently portrayed as work-related or after legal problems, whereas in women suicide was more frequently framed as due to mental illness or relationship problems. The news media tended to underreport mental illness as a reason for suicide in men. Limitation: The analysis was based solely on news reporting in the four major newspapers during the year 2009. Conclusions: Media representation of suicide generally follow societal-gendered assumptions of acceptable/unacceptable behaviors. Media professionals should be more careful and responsible in reporting suicide news and avoid any gender bias in their framing of suicide stories. Sensitive rather than sensational reporting should be promoted in order not to reinforce the myths of suicides in the community.
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King, Tania, and Anthony LaMontagne. "P-416 AN APPROACH TO IDENTIFY AND ENUMERATE WORK RELATED SUICIDE CASES." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1130.
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Abstract Introduction While most suicide deaths occur among people of working age, the role of work in protecting from, or increasing the risk of, suicide is a relatively inchoate area of research. Moreover, there is little consensus on how to identify and count work-related suicide. Methods Adopting an occupational health & safety perspective on work-related suicide, we assess evidence related to different work exposures and develop an integrated framework to guide the identification and enumeration of work-related suicide. Results We define work-related suicide as death by suicide that is wholly or partly related to—and caused by—work or working conditions. We find that work-related suicide likely accounts for at least 10-15% of suicide deaths worldwide. According to our proposed schematic, any death by suicide among those working for profit or pay should be considered in terms of potential work-related causes. These include whether the deceased: had access to means through their work; had an adverse experience arising from a work-related injury; was exposed to working conditions that increased the risk of suicide. Such conditions could include exposure to: trauma on the job; adverse physical, chemical or psychosocial working characteristics; normative work environment with high stigma and discouragement of helping behaviours; normative environment promoting extreme orientation to work. Discussion Our detailed schematic summarises potential work-related causes of suicide and provides a framework for the investigation of work-related suicides. Conclusion Work-related suicide represent a substantial preventable burden globally. Workplace suicide prevention activities require a stronger emphasis on improving working conditions.
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Amiar, Latifa, Rachida Soulaymani-Bencheikh, Faical El Hattimy, Hinde Hami, Ahmed Aarab, Abderrazak Khadmaoui, and Abdelmajid Soulaymani. "Cartography of Suicide-Related Health Indicators and Suicide Attempts in Morocco." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p117.
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The present work consists of a retrospective study of suicidal intoxication during a period stretching from January 1980 to December 2013, reported to the Poison Control and Pharmaco-vigilance Center of Morocco through two systems of data collection: Toxicological Information and Toxico-vigilance. The objective is to determine the spatio-temporal evolution of the incidence, lethality and mortality related to suicides and suicide attempts through intoxication in Morocco. During the study period, the average annual number of suicidal intoxications was 707 cases. All regions of Morocco have been affected but at variable rates. The average age of the victims is 24.39 ± 0.08 years, with a sex ratio of 2.41 in favor of the female sex. In the space of 34 years, the incidence is 2.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, the mortality is 0.67 per million inhabitants and the lethality is 0.08%. The annual increase in biological indicators makes suicides and suicide attempts a public health problem, through hospital care and the resulting socio-economic and psychological consequences. This problem seems much more common in urban areas and particularly in the big cities of Morocco.
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Bait, Soumya. "Suicide attempts: epidemiological and clinical characteristics Descriptive study carried out from the EPH of Ouargla 2020-2021." مجلة التمكين الاجتماعي 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/sej.v6i1.3807.
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Suicide attempts are one of the main reasons for hospitalization in medical surgical emergencies. The purpose of our work was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to medical-surgical emergencies for attempted suicide. We report a descriptive study of 44 cases of attempted suicide admitted to the medico-surgical emergency department of the public hospital Mohamed BOUDIAF Ouargla, during 12 months. The main diagnosis, of the patients included, was a suicide attempt by voluntary intoxication or autolysis. In this study, the female sex was most represented (59%) with sex-ratio = 0, 69. The age group of 16 to 21 was the most represented (32%). The majority of suicides have a low level of instruction (average with a 43 %), 77 % are unemployed and 61 % of singles. The majority of suicidal resided in an urban area, 18% have particular organic affection and 27% have special psycho-psychiatric affection. 45% of suicides have special toxic habits (32% tobacco, 23% psychotropics). 68 % of patients have an exposure to other suicide in the entourage, the ingestion of the caustic was the most used autolysis means at 30 % followed by the '32% drug poisoning. The impulsiveness and the problems of the couple represent the causes of the most found act in 28 % of cases for each. 59% of suicides make TS for the first time and 41% are ≥ 2 times. 64% of suicides have persistent suicidal ideas and that 66% of patients regret their suicidal gesture. The results of our study only reinforce the importance of researching them predictive and precipitating risk factors for suicidal behavior and this, in order to allow prevention, early diagnosis and adaptive management to improve symptomatology, avoid complications and maximally prevent risk from the passage to the self-lytic act.
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Kelečević, Igor, Ana-Marija Vejnović, and Vesna Mijatović-Jovin. "Deliberate self-poisoning and suicidality: A qualitative analysis of the factors that influence repetitive suicidal behavior." Hospital Pharmacology - International Multidisciplinary Journal 11, no. 3 (2024): 1546–54. https://doi.org/10.5937/hpimj2403546k.
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Suicide attempts are more common than suicide completions and occur more frequently in women than in men. Patients who survive a suicide attempt are at an increased risk of suicide completion. The most common method of non-lethal suicide attempt is deliberate self-poisoning. Suicidal individuals often have psychiatric comorbidities, most frequently mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use and personality disorders. Chronic diseases are also factors that can lead to suicide attempts. Repetitive suicidal behavior is influenced by several important risk factors. Among them, the most important ones are the number of self-harm episodes and the age of suicidal individuals. Other risk factors include male gender, solitary living, and higher social and economic status. Recent studies point to the fact that rates of deliberate self-intoxications are rising among young people and adolescents. The choice of substance for a suicidal act highly depends on its availability. The drugs of choice are usually benzodiazepines, antidepres-sants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptic drugs. However, deliberate self-harm by poisoning sometimes includes illicit drugs. Novel psychoactive substances are a new trend associated with attempted suicides. Survival after deliberate ingestion of substances is common. Hence, it is important to identify individuals at high risk of suicide and work on adequate measures of secondary prevention, while the follow-up period should be long enough in order to reduce the rates of successful suicide following the first episode of suicide attempt by self-poisoning. Health care professionals, family, and society should play an important role in suicide prevention activities.
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Kirillova, Tat'yana, and Aleksander Rogov. "Suicidal behavior of suspected, accused and convicted persons – a study." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 2022, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2022-2-164-180.
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Introduction. The analysis of the suicides committed in 2015-2020 according to the data of the Office of educational, social, and psychological work in the system of Russian Federal Penal Correction Service (FPCS) proves that the rate of suicides in the prison system is still higher than countrywide.
The goal of the research is to study the suicides committed by the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
Methods. The research has been based on the analysis of the reviews and other technical materials offered by the FPCS concerning suicide preventions measures among the suspects, accused, and convicted persons in the prison system.
Results. The authors have researched the personal characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons who committed suicides, the circumstances, and conditions of the suicides. To achieve this, the authors analyzed the data gathered in the prison system in case of suspect, accused, and convicted persons suicides (case records, internal review findings), as well as the results of psychological testing of the suspects, accused, and convicted who committed suicides in the Russian prison system in 2020. As a part of the study the authors gathered information on the suspects, accused and convicted persons who committed suicide.
The authors have researched a phenomenon of a suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons. In the theoretical and empirical study, they review both the scientific papers on the suicidal behavior and the FPCS guidelines on prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons. The authors propose measures on preventing of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
The authors created a profile of the persons committing suicide accounting for their demographic characteristics, their criminal past, and their status in the prison system, considering their psychological status, conditions, and circumstances of the suicide.
To form a correlation matrix, the authors have used objective and subjective characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons who committed suicide. As the result of the correlation analysis, the authors have found a statistically strong connection (r = 0,092; p ≥ 0,05) between the objective and subjective characteristics.
Following the founded statistically significant connection, the authors conclude that demographic characteristic and the criminal past of the convicted relate to their suicidal tendencies and may led to the committing of the suicide.
The results of the correlation analysis have been used to formulate the recommendations for the suicidal behavior prevention among the convicted persons.
The authors have attempted to find a connection between the suicidal behavior and the personal characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons mentioned in their registry files, and demonstrate the incidence of the certain traits of the suicidal persons. Using content-analysis of the registry files, the authors have chosen the most frequently mentioned personal traits in the psychological profiles of the persons who committed suicides.
The interviews with the workers of the FPCS Interregional office of psychological work have shown an additional proof of the hypothesis that the results of the psychological tests correlate with the results of the profile analysis of the suicidal persons and supplement them.
The authors have also analyzed the conditions, and circumstances of the suicides, proposed potential directions of the psychological prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspect, accused, and convicted persons.
Practical significance. Implementation of the study findings by the personnel of the prison system in the field of prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
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Stack, Steven. "Crisis Phones - Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects." Crisis 36, no. 3 (May 2015): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000313.
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Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.
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Shcharbakova, K. N., T. M. Sharshakova, and A. A. Kovalev. "Analysis of suicidal activity in the population of Gomel region over a period of 2018–2024." Health and Ecology Issues 22, no. 1 (March 30, 2025): 102–11. https://doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2025-22-1-13.
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Objective. To analyze suicidal activity among the population of Gomel region over a period of 2018-2024.Materials and methods. An analysis of suicidal activity in the population of Gomel region over a period of 2018-2024 was carried out according to protocols of absentee interdepartmental analysis of suicide death cases, as well as cases of death from external causes with signs of suicide. All personal data of patients is encoded, and actions are carried out within the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.Results. Male gender was noted in the protocols among the presumed risk factors that caused suicide. Thus, 1204 cases (83,09%) of suicides during the study period were committed by men, 245 (16,91%) suicides occurred among women. The average age of this persons’ category was 51,24 (+/-17,50, 52,00 [38,00; 63,00] [11,00; 100,00], n=1208) years old, of which 740 (51,1%) were people of working age. Taking into account the information received, in 555 (56,0%) cases the suicide person was a city resident. 138 people (42,72%) were married, 87 people (26,93%) were unmarried, 67 people (20,74%) were divorced, 31 (9,6%) were widowers. However, the distribution of suicide victims by maintaining a joint household showed that 102 citizens (31,19%) lived alone. A study of the employment indicator showed that 302 (47,26%) people did not have a permanent place of work.Conclusion. To improve the situation with suicide at the governmentwide level, it is necessary to put into practice the following measures: create a permanent interdepartmental group responsible for monitoring and improving the quality of data on suicide, regularly assess the availability and completeness of data on suicide and suicide attempts, organize work on monitoring suicide not independently, but at the governmentwide level with the involvement of prevention subjects.
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Lester, David, and Yukio Saito. "Predicting the Time-Series Suicide Rate in Japan by Motive: A Brief Note." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 45, no. 2 (October 2002): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1kty-arlf-4q2h-6v7v.
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In a time series study of suicide rates in Japan from 1978–1997, it was found that the social indicators which predict the suicide rates differ for suicides committed for interpersonal, work-related, and health concerns. While measures of domestic social integration predicted the suicide rate for interpersonal reasons, unemployment, and divorce rates predicted the suicide rate for work-related reasons.
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Marzano, Lisa, Lorna Fraser, Mia Scally, Stuart Farley, and Keith Hawton. "News Coverage of Suicidal Behavior in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland." Crisis 39, no. 5 (September 2018): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000533.
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Abstract. Background: Media reporting of suicide has been associated with imitative acts. Internationally, this has led to the development of guidelines to promote responsible reporting of suicide. Aims: To examine the nature and quality of news coverage of suicidal behavior in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI). Method: UK and ROI press clippings relating to suicide over 12 months (N = 8,101) were coded for content and assessed for quality against existing guidelines. We examined variability in relation to key characteristics (e.g., type of publication) and compared newspaper portrayal of suicide against official statistics. Results: Reports were biased toward young, female, and relatively unusual suicides (including those involving a celebrity, more than one individual, and violent methods). Almost a third of reports had inappropriate headlines, but only a minority were of poor overall quality, and editors appear to be responsive to feedback. There was considerable variability in the quality of reports for different suicide methods. Limitations: This work cannot account for the impact of reporting on suicidal behavior. The speed of change in media trends also limits its conclusions. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the need for sustained efforts to promote responsible reporting of suicide.
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Wasserman, D. "Early Phases of Mental Disorders in adolescence and Young Adulthood." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70338-4.
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Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality among adolescent suicides. Data from the WHO European Multicentre study on attempted suicide indicates that rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the young co-vary. The association is strongest and significant for male adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, recent studies have reported a shift to suicide methods with higher lethality for both genders.Suicide prevention strategies are directed at the general population and health care services. Suicide risk is high among adolescents with psychiatric illness, so adequate treatment and detection of psychiatric illnesses in young people is essential. Preventive measures in health care services after a suicide attempt and early recognition of young people at risk in schools are also essential strategies.The emphasis of suicide prevention work needs to shift to an earlier stage of the suicidal process. This question is addressed by the global suicide prevention initiative SUPRE (SUicide PREvention), in the WHO publication Preventing suicide: a resource for teachers and other school staff, which can be adapted to local conditions and inserted in syllabuses for training both pupils and staff.An intervention project called SAYLE: Saving Young lives in Europe is funded by the EU for adolescents in European schools over 12 EU countries. Its main objectives are to lead adolescents to better health through decreased risk taking and suicidal behaviours. Outcomes of preventive programs will be evaluated and culturally adjusted models for promoting health of adolescents in different European countries are planned to be developed.
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Rimkevičienė, Jurgita, Dovilė Grigienė, Odeta Geležėlytė, and Eglė Mažulytė-Rašytinė. "„You Won’t Break the Ice and Won’t Talk about It“: Mental Health Professionals’ Difficulties in Providing Assistance to Individuals who Later Suicide." Psichologija 68 (May 22, 2023): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2023.56.
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Accessible and effective mental health services for people at risk of suicide are one of the cornerstones of suicide prevention. However, some people suicide while receiving such help, and it is important to understand the reasons for this. In the absence of a direct way to reveal the experiences of people who have received services and subsequently suicided, the professionals providing mental health services are an important source of information on this process. The main aim of this study was to describe the main difficulties experienced by professionals supporting people who later suicided. The sample included 15 mental health professionals (7 psychiatrists, 6 medical psychologists, and 2 social workers) who experienced patient suicide. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were then analysed using thematic analysis. The following themes were identified in the stories of the participants: lack of collaboration from the patient, specific topics that were challenging to work with, treatment limitations, difficulties in assessing suicide risk, reactions experienced when working with the suicidal patient, and the role of the patient’s relatives. Therefore, the results of this study speak about the challenge of being with a patient in a suicidal crisis, who is not inclined to accept help, while bearing the limitations of the system and oneself as a specialist. This causes intense experiences of helplessness and anger.
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Ozanne-Smith, J., and V. Routley. "Work-related suicide." Injury Prevention 16, Supplement 1 (September 1, 2010): A272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2010.029215.965.
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Chernukhina, V. V. "Problems of preventing suicidal behavior of adolescents in the educational environment and countering right violation (crimes) related to the activities of «death groups»." Гуманитарные и юридические исследования 10, no. 3 (2023): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.37493/2409-1030.2023.3.18.
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Introduction. The relevance of the work is expressed in the existence of a problem associated with the low effectiveness of preventive work at school in the field of countering suicidal behavior and offenses that encourage adolescents to commit suicide, which is confirmed by statistical data. The aim of the study is to identify the main problem areas that hinder the formation of an effective system for the prevention of suicide among adolescents and to identify ways to solve them. The novelty of the work is determined by the scarcity of criminological research in this area, as well as with the development of relevant proposals for improving the quality of preventive work carried out. Materials and methods. In preparing the work, the author resorted to the use of comparative, logical, statistical and formal legal methods, the method of analysis, generalization and sociological survey, as well as others. The works of domestic researchers, the regulatory framework, information and analytical materials, media publications, as well as personal professional experience were used. Analysis. The main problem of preventing teenage suicides and suicidal offenses is still the low level of professional competence of school psychologists and their lack of skills to work with children in critical situations, a shortage of personnel in educational organizations, lack of awareness of teachers about existing threats in the information space. Achieving a positive preventive effect that can influence the suicide situation in Russia and the region is possible through the implementation of a set of legal, technical and substantive (content) measures. Results. In order to improve the suicidal situation and preventive work in this direction the author suggests measures related to strengthening interaction between family and school institutions; increasing the level of coordination between the subjects of adolescent suicide prevention and the exchange of analytical results; the introduction of targeted preventive practices aimed at modern youth; as well as the improvement of the system of psychological assistance and rehabilitation in post-suicide.
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LIU, KA Y., ERIC Y. H. CHEN, CECILIA L. W. CHAN, DOMINIC T. S. LEE, Y. W. LAW, YEATES CONWELL, and PAUL S. F. YIP. "Socio-economic and psychological correlates of suicidality among Hong Kong working-age adults: results from a population-based survey." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 12 (November 28, 2006): 1759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706009032.
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Background. The global toll of suicide is estimated to be one million lives per year, which exceeded the number of deaths by homicide and war combined. A key step to suicide prevention is to prevent less serious suicidal behaviour to preclude more lethal outcomes. Although 61% of the world's suicides take place in Asia and the suicide rates among middle age groups have been increasing since the economic crisis in many Asian countries, population-based studies of suicidal behaviour among working-age adults in non-western communities are scarce.Method. Data from a population-based survey with 2015 participants were used to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviour among the working-age population in Hong Kong, and to study the associated socio-economic and psychological correlates. We focused particularly on potential modulating factors between life-event-related factors and suicidal ideation.Results. Six per cent of the Hong Kong population aged 20–59 years considered suicide in the past year, while 1·4% attempted suicide. Hopelessness, reasons for living, and reluctance to seek help from family and friends had direct association with past-year suicidal ideation. Reasons for living were found to moderate the effect of perceived stress on suicidal ideation.Conclusions. Suicidality is a multi-faceted problem that calls for a multi-sectored, multi-layered approach to prevention. Prevention programmes can work on modulating factors such as reasons for living to reduce suicidal risk in working-age adults.
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Fekete, J. D., and S. Fekete. "Content analysis of suicidal notes - the verbal behaviour." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (April 2024): S781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1626.
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Introduction There have been numerous studies on attempted and completed suicides in an attempt to understand better the phenomenon - the tragedy- of self-destructive behaviour through the analysis of the suicidal notes – their last personal documents, that many individuals write before carrying out suicide. Understanding and interpretation of these analyses could happen on several theoretical frameworks and background Research has systematically demonstrated what most clinicians assume, namely that individuals sharing significant patterns of nonverbal behavior express these tendencies in their manner of speaking and writing (e.g. in suicidal notes, farewell letters) . Through this research – by analyzing these texts, documents,” messages”,- was it possible to study not only semantic,and lingistic aspects of them but likely also as manifestations of psychological defense or coping mechanisms or reflected psychopathology in speech by isolating categories. A number of clinical investigations have been carried out to associate speech pattern and verbal style (spoken or written) with these psychopathological statesObjectivesThe purpose of the present study is to understand better of written “suicidal” communication; to analyze suicidal notes - namely, as last “messages” of the self destructed individuals in suicidal notes in an empirical sample.Methods The present study compared the content of suicide notes (n=113) from attempted suicides, completed suicides and a non-suicidal controls. The content analysis examined formal, syntactical characteristics, as well as speech patterns and verbal expressions (Weintraub method, Absolutists index, SPSS, - Anova, KW)ResultsThe notes from completed suicides had significantly higher scores for heteroaggression (blaming others, evaluators) negations, absolutistic expressions, nonpersonal references and lower scores for expression of feelings. Sex (male versus female) and age had no impact on these differences.Conclusions The suicide notes had reflected irrational thinking, characterized by frequent negation, and absolutistic words, self-preoccupation, high scores for emotional categories and a tendency toward polarized thinking These results may help in the understanding of the psychodynamic background or suicidal individuals’ risk assessment, in clinical work or in suicide hotlines, but also in preventionDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Barea, M. ValverDe, M. O. Solis, C. Mata Castro, and F. Cartas Moreno. "Suicidal behaviors in the elderly. About a case." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S583—S584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1557.
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IntroductionSuicide is a global health problem. The elderly is the range with the highest suicide rate and suicidal behaviors are more lethal, with greater planning and less possibility of rescue. In the elderly, Major Depressive Disorder is the diagnosis most frequently associated with suicidal behavior. 15% of the elderly with a depressive picture commit suicide. Loneliness, the main cause of suicides in the elderly population.ObjectivesThe objective of the clinical case presented is to address the risk factors for suicide in the elderly.Methods80-year-old patient, widower who makes a suicide attempt by ingesting glyphosate. Personal history: Acute myocardial infarction 1 month ago. Not mental illness. Family stressors: illness of his granddaughter, loss of his son’s job. Personal stressors: Loss of autonomy due to ischemic heart disease. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with acute pulmonary edema secondary to the suicide attempt. Psychopathological exploration: Conscious, oriented and collaborative. Depressive mood in relation to the stressors presented. Makes partial criticism of the suicide attempt, recognizes its seriousness and planning.ResultsDiagnosis: Moderate depressive episode. SAD PERSONS scale: 9 High risk.ConclusionsThe risk factors for suicide in older people can be medical, psychiatric, psychological, family environment and social - environmental factors. There are hardly any specific action protocols that allow early intervention and suicide prevention in the elderly. As social health professionals, we must work on the elaboration and application of these, since consummated suicide represents a major public health problem throughout the world.
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LESHCHENKO, SVETLANA A., and ANDREI N. POPOV. "International practice of preventing suicide among prison staff." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 227, no. 4 (2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-227-4-30-35.
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Abstract. The article is devoted to the international experience in the prevention of suicidal tendencies among employees of penitentiary institutions. Statistics on the number of suicides in Europe and the United States among officers of correctional institutions is provided. Constructive Ведомости уголовно-исполнительной системы № 4/2021 31 учреждений. Выделены конструктивные про- граммы и успешные методики по профилакти- ке самоубийств среди сотрудников. Подчер- киваются меры предосторожности со стороны профильных служб по организации работы с сотрудниками, имеющими склонность к само- повреждениям в зарубежных пенитенциарных учреждениях. Ключевые слова: суицидальные наклонно- сти, профилактика самоубийств, психическое здоровье, стресс, депрессивное состояние, по- пытка самоубийств. programs and successful techniques for the prevention of suicide among employees are highlighted. Precautions on the part of specialized services in foreign penitentiary institutions for organizing work with employees who are prone to self-harm are emphasized. Key words: suicidal tendencies, suicide prevention, mental health, stress, depression, suicide attempt.
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Alvarez-Galvez, Javier, Victor Suarez-Lledo, Luis Salvador-Carulla, and Jose Almenara-Barrios. "Structural determinants of suicide during the global financial crisis in Spain: Integrating explanations to understand a complex public health problem." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): e0247759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247759.
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Introduction Suicide is a complex public health problem in contemporary societies. Macroeconomic downturns derived from the economic crisis have been found to be associated with growing suicide mortality in the United States and in Europe. The present work is aimed to assess the association between the recent economic downturns and suicide patterns using interrupted time series analysis and, particularly, adjusting this relationship by indicators of social cohesion and community values that might provide additional insights on the complex explanation of suicidal trends. Methods We combined suicide, social and economic data extracted from the National Statistics Institute (INE), the Eurostat database, and the World Values Survey to assess the association between the socio-economic factors and trends in suicide rates. To study the association between the financial crisis and changes in suicide rates in Spain, we used interrupted time series analysis (ITSA). Results Our findings confirm that suicides increased after the 2011 recession, but remained moderately constant after the 2008 economic downturn. Suicides particularly increased after the 2011 recession in the 10–14, and 45–64 years old intervals between males and females, and apparently in older groups. However, during the 2008–2011 time period suicide rates decreased during working years (specifically among 40–44, 45–49, and 55–59 years old groups). Our results highlight the importance of social protection against unemployment and, to a lesser extent, social protection in disability and family, in reducing suicides, as well as the economic prosperity of the country. Conclusion This result corroborates that the economic crisis has possibly impacted the growing suicide rates of the most vulnerable groups, but exclusively during the period characterised by economic cuts after the 2011 recession. This study highlights the need to implement tailored policies that protect these collectives against suicide.
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Rivero-Santana, Amado, Andrea Duarte-Díaz, Yolanda Álvarez-Pérez, Renata Linertová, Alezandra Torres-Castaño, Himar González-Pacheco, Carmen Guirado-Fuentes, et al. "PP82 Prevention And Intervention Software Applications For People At Risk Of Suicide: Effectiveness And Safety." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 40, S1 (December 2024): S88—S89. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266462324002514.
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IntroductionSuicide poses a severe public health challenge worldwide, impacting individuals, families, work, and society. The multifaceted nature of suicide demands a complex approach involving psychological, biological, social, cultural, and environmental factors. Recognizing suicide’s status as the leading external cause of death in Spain, prevention increasingly incorporates technology, specifically mobile and software applications.MethodsA systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of mobile and software applications was conducted (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases). Outcome variables included: suicide; suicidal behavior; suicidal intent; suicidal ideation/thinking; self-perceived suicide risk; using/seeking mental health services; associated mental symptoms; mental health-related quality of life; satisfaction of the user and the health professional; adverse events related to the app, as defined in the included studies. Studies that do not include suicidal behavior, intention, or ideation were excluded. Where available data allowed, a meta-analysis was conducted for each outcome variable.ResultsOne systematic review and 13 randomized controlled trials (n=2,952) were analyzed. No significant differences were found in deaths by suicide or suicide attempts. At post-intervention, small but significant reductions were observed in suicidal ideation, hopelessness, depression, and worry, with anxiety reduction slightly above statistical significance. At follow-up (8 to 52 weeks), these variables also obtained significant results, except depression and suicidal ideation. Regarding safety, there was no significant difference in safety phone calls for participants with suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThe evidence on suicide prevention app effectiveness is of low quality, precluding conclusive findings. Attempt reduction is suggested at 21 percent, but the confidence interval includes a potential 60 percent increase. Evidence on suicide-related psychological variables (suicide ideation, depression, hopelessness, and anxiety) is of higher quality (low–moderate), but effects are small and clinically uncertain. Safety findings are uncertain, impacting risk/benefit balance.
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Martínez Coronel, Ernesto Joaquín. "RASGOS DEPRESIVOS EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA E.E.B. Y MEDIA DEL COLEGIO NACIONAL “SAN PATRICIO” DE LA LOCALIDAD DE PASO DE PATRIA." La Saeta Universitaria Académica y de Investigación 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56067/saetauniversitaria.v9i2.241.
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El suicidio es un fenómeno social real. La investigación da a conocer los riesgos suicidas de los alumnos y alumnas del Nivel de Educación Escolar Básica y Media del Colegio Nacional “San Patricio”, de la localidad de Paso de Patria, Paraguay, en el año 2019. En tal sentido, este trabajo realiza un estudio descriptivo proporcionando las características del estado de ánimo de la población estudiada, permitiendo la discusión a partir de datos empíricos sobre factores que influyen en la presencia del fenómeno del suicidio. Se adopta como estrategia metodológica un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño observacional, transversal y prospectivo para la descripción del fenómeno. Los datos son analizados mediante procedimientos de estadística descriptiva. Tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de riesgo suicida de los alumnos del 7° al 9° grado de la E.E.B. y 1° al 3° curso de la Educación Media del Colegio Nacional San Patricio, de la localidad de Paso de Patria, año 2019. La población la componen 119 alumnos del 7º grado al 3º curso, de los turnos mañana y tarde. Los principales resultados indican que los grupos con mayor tendencia de rasgos depresivos son el 9ª grado de la E.E.B y el 1º curso de la E.M.
Abstract
Suicide is a real social phenomenon. The research reveals the suicidal risks of the students of the Basic and Middle School Education Level of the “San Patricio” National School, in the town of Paso de Patria, Paraguay, in 2019. In this sense, this work carries out a descriptive study providing the characteristics of the state of mind of the studied population, allowing discussion based on empirical data on factors that influence the presence of the phenomenon of suicide. A quantitative approach is adopted as a methodological strategy, with an observational, transversal and prospective design for the description of the phenomenon. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics procedures. Its objective is to analyze the level of suicide risk of students from 7th to 9th grade of the E.E.B. and 1st to 3rd year of Secondary Education at Colegio Nacional San Patricio, in the town of Paso de Patria, year 2019. The population is made up of 119 students from 7th grade to 3rd year, morning and afternoon shifts. The main results indicate that the groups with the greatest tendency for depressive traits are the 9th grade of the E.E.B and the 1st year of the E.M.
Keywords: Suicidal risks-mood-suicide-characteristics of suicide
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Levine, Joshua, and Leo Sher. "How to increase the role of social workers in suicide preventive interventions." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 32, no. 4 (March 16, 2020): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2020.11.
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AbstractObjective:Suicide is a serious public health issue that affects individuals, families and societies all over the world. International studies provide consistent evidence that the presence of psychiatrists in a region is associated with lesser suicide rates. However, many psychiatric patients including suicidal patients do not have access to psychiatrists. This indicates that mental health and non-mental health social workers need to be involved in suicide prevention efforts. This paper is the first comprehensive work that discusses how to increase the role of social workers in the area of suicide prevention.Methods:A review of the relevant literature.Results:Increasing the role of social workers in suicide prevention efforts may reduce suicide risk in groups and people at elevated risk for suicide, as well as the general population.Conclusion:Recommendations are provided for how the social work profession can improve upon suicide prevention while incorporating universal, selective and indicated suicide preventive interventions. Social work research efforts should focus on how to increase the role of social workers in suicide prevention and the management of suicidal patients. Social work education programmes should modify their curricula and increase their attention on suicide prevention. Mental health social workers need to educate the patient and their family on suicide risk factors. Furthermore, mental health and non-mental health social workers need to educate the general public on suicide risk factors.
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Canetto, Silvia Sara, and David Lester. "Motives for Suicide in Suicide Notes from Women and Men." Psychological Reports 85, no. 2 (October 1999): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.2.471.
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Suicide notes written by 16 adult women and 16 men were evaluated by 16 nonprofessional adult judges with regard to love or work problems as suicide motives. Consistent with current theory on gender and suicidal behavior, women and men did not differ in love or work motives.
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Ielmini, Marta, Giulia Lucca, Eric Trabucchi, Gian Luca Aspesi, Alessandro Bellini, Ivano Caselli, and Camilla Callegari. "Assessing Mental Pain as a Predictive Factor of Suicide Risk in a Clinical Sample of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12040111.
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According to contemporary suicidology, mental pain represents one of the main suicide risk factors, along with more traditional constructs such as depression, anxiety and hopelessness. This work aims to investigate the relationship between the levels of mental pain and the risk to carry out suicide or suicide attempt in the short term in order to understand if a measurement of mental pain can be used as a screening tool for prevention. For this purpose, 105 outpatients with psychiatric diagnosis were recruited at the university hospital of Varese during a check-up visit and were assessed by using psychometric scales of mental pain levels, hopelessness, anxiety and depression. Clinical and sociodemographic variables of the sample were also collected. A period of 18 months following the recruitment was observed to evaluate any suicides or attempted suicides. Subjects numbering 11 out of 105 committed an attempted suicide. From statistical analyses, high values of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scales showed a significant association with the risk of carrying out a suicide attempt and, among these, OMMP and BDI-II showed characteristics of good applicability and predictivity proving suitable to be used as potential tools for screening and primary prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Shevchenko, Serhii, Olha Bondarenko, Maryna Utkina, Nadiya Ilchyshyn, and Hlib Bolhov. "Suicide among minors in Ukraine: Manifestations and ways to prevent." Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, no. 64 (May 30, 2023): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.64.04.27.
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The article aims to find out the essentiality of such a concept as “juvenile suicide” and the search for ways to prevent it. The object of the study is social relations in the field of combating suicide among minors. During the research, the authors used a particular set of general scientific and unique scientific methods, which ensured the objectivity of the display of the research subject: the comparative legal method, the method of formal logic, the comparison method, and the hypothetical-deductive method. There is much work to improve suicide prevention methods among minors in Ukraine but using foreign experience and the help of other countries, our state can create a reliable and effective program, which the authors are sure, will reduce the risk of suicide among people under the age of 18. It should also be noted that preventing suicides among minors needs attention from both: the state and society because it is possible to overcome manifestations of suicidal behaviour and, in the future, to save many young lives only. The main areas of improvement of legislation aimed at combating suicide of minors have been formed. In addition, developing a criminological program to combat suicides of minors is socially determined.
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Hird, Kelly, Fiona Bell, Becky Mars, Catheryn James, and David Gunnell. "OP6 An investigation into suicide amongst ambulance service staff." Emergency Medicine Journal 36, no. 1 (January 2019): e3.1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-999.6.
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BackgroundIn 2015, Ambulance Service Medical Directors raised concerns regarding a perceived increase in suicide deaths among ambulance service staff. The Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE) then commissioned a research study to investigate these concerns and provide recommendations towards a suicide prevention strategy. The aim of this study was to determine whether staff who work in the UK ambulance services (AS) are at higher risk of suicide than staff who work in other professions.MethodsData was requested from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) regarding AS staff suicide. Eighteen AS were invited to return data on Occupational Health (OH). AS in England and Wales (n=11) were also asked to return data on staff suicides. Coroners were contacted to request permission to review the records of the deaths.ResultsThe ONS analysis of occupational suicide risk between 2011 and 2015 indicated that there were 20 suicide deaths amongst paramedics in England during that period. The risk of suicide amongst male paramedics was 75% higher than the national average.Over a 2 year period, 8 AS trusts identified 15 staff suicides (11 male, 4 female). The mean age of those dying by suicide was 42 years. Findings from coroners’ records indicated that the predominant suicide method used was hanging (66.7%).ConclusionsThe following recommendations have been accepted by the AACE: a) Develop a mental health strategy for all staff which includes specific emphasis on suicide prevention b) Review and assess suicide risk at times of increased vulnerability c) Collect and monitor data on AS suicides d) Review occupational health, counselling and support services e) Training for staff in identifying and responding to a colleague in distress f) Return to work discussions should consider and establish the status of an individual’s mental health and wellbeing.
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Ziółkowska, Anna. "Samobójstwa dzieci i młodzieży przed wybuchem II wojny światowej i obecnie — co się zmieniło, co pozostało bez zmian." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 55 (May 4, 2020): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.55.9.
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The purpose of the article is an attempt to show the issue of suicides of children and young people in a historical perspective, by comparing the state of knowledge and methods of discussing the phenomenon from the pre-war period (until 1939) with the modern period. The first part of the work will be devoted to discussing the first papers on suicide issues that began to appear in Poland from the late nineteenth century to 1939. The second part of the article focuses on presenting the current state of knowledge on the frequency, risk factors and causes of suicide in children and young people. The last part of the work will be devoted to comparing the specifics and conditioning suicidal behavior in the discussed periods.
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Molchanova, E., and T. Galako. "Suicides in the Kyrgyz Republic: Discrepancies in different types of official statistics." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1807.
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In order to develop the “prevention of suicides” component of the state program on mental health protection of the Kyrgyz Republic population for 2017–2030 years, a suicide situation in the country over the past 10 years was investigated. During collecting, processing and statistical analysis of data from different sources, a significant discrepancy was revealed between them.According to the national statistics committee (NSC), in 2015 the level of prevalence of suicide was 6.93% per 100,000 of population, whereas, according to the information from the republican medical information center it was 4.82%. Over the last 10 years in the Kyrgyz Republic, a level of suicidal behavior among children, teenagers and young adults has still been rather high and 22.63% of suicide attempts were committed by persons aged between 18 and 22 years. A significant difference was revealed in the indexes of suicides among these age categories provided by NSC and the ministry of Inner affairs.Due to religious and national traditions, suicide is a very sensitive topic in Kyrgyzstan. In a lot of cases, death from suicide is not registered or is disguised as accidents and other causes of death, so the figures may be considered reliable.Thus, despite the relative standardization of suicides accounting by the separate departments, the further work is needed for coordination and harmonization of the data collection, as well as for development and implementation of inter-agency action plan to prevent suicides at the national level, taking into account the regional, cultural and ethnic characteristics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Collie, Alex, and Shannon Elise Gray. "The relationship between work disability and subsequent suicide or self-harm: A scoping review." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): e0000922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000922.
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Work disability occurs when an injury or illness limits the ability of a worker to participate in employment. While evidence suggests that people with work disability are at increased risk of suicide and intentional self-harm, this relationship has not been the subject of systematic review. This scoping review aims to assess and summarise the research literature regarding the relationship between work disability and subsequent suicide or intentional self-harm. Review protocol was published on the Open Science Foundation and is reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Peer-reviewed studies published in English from 1st January 2000 were included if they reported suicide or self-harm outcomes in people aged 15 years or older with work disability. Studies were identified via systematic search of Medline, Scopus and Pubmed databases, via recommendation from topic experts, and citation searching of included articles. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Literature search yielded 859 records of which 47 eligible studies were included, nine set in workers’ compensation, 20 in sickness absence, 13 in disability pension systems, and five from mixed cohorts. Of 44 quantitative studies, 41 reported a positive relationship between work disability and suicidal behaviour. The relationship is observed consistently across nations, work disability income support systems and health conditions. Several factors elevate risk of suicidal behaviour, including presence of mental health conditions and longer work disability duration. There were few studies in some nations and no suicide prevention interventions. The risk of suicide and self-harm is elevated in people experiencing work disability. Further observational research is required to fill evidence gaps. This review suggests the need for governments, employers and those involved in the care of people with work disability to focus on identification and monitoring of those at greatest risk of suicidal behaviour, and suicide prevention.
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Ovchinnikov, Anatoly A., Aklima N. Sultanova, Ekaterina I. Borodina, Vera V. Zelenskaia, and Tatyana Yu Sycheva. "Strategies of overcoming and the level of viability at adolescents’ suicide behavior." Neurology Bulletin L, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb119891.
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The problem of identifying suicide risk in adolescents, especially among high-risk subgroups, requires a multifactor analysis not only of etiological factors, but also individual psychological characteristics of suicides, which could help significantly in predicting risk. The purpose of this work was to study the protective-coping strategies of adolescents prone to suicidal behavior and to analyze the effect of the level of viability on the dominance of certain protections and copings. It has been revealed that adolescents with high suicide risk are more likely to use the defense mechanisms regression, projection, and substitution, as well as coping escape-avoidance. A low level of viability increases the frequency of manifestation of coping distancing. The use of avoidance strategies for adolescents with high suicide risk can be seen as an attempt to improve emotional regulation.
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Mooney, Loretta. "Attitudes of Social Workers about Rational Suicide." International Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics 19, no. 3 (November 16, 2022): 60–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55521/10-019-306.
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Suicide is a major public health concern. It is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States. Social workers serve as the largest group of mental health care providers, and commonly intervene with suicidal clients. Despite the high rate of suicide and social workers interface with client suicidality, there is no research on the attitudes of social workers toward rational suicide. The notion of rational suicide challenges traditional views on suicide intervention and has complex ethical implications for the social work profession. Social workers adhere to the ethical standards set forth by the NASW and rational suicide involves two of those ethical standards, client self-determination and commitment to clients. This quantitative research study examined the attitudes of 2,157 licensed clinical social workers toward rational suicide. Findings revealed that social workers broadly agree (67.1%) that individuals can make a rational decision to die by suicide. Social workers’ personal characteristics (gender, age, race/ethnicity, state residency, religious affiliation and having personal thoughts of suicide) were found to predict their attitudes about rational suicide. The findings suggest that social workers’ attitudes about rational suicide are related to their personal characteristics. These findings have ethical considerations for the social work profession when intervening with suicidal persons with physical and psychological pain as well as value neutral practice. Keywords: Rational suicide, ethics, clinical social work, physical, psychological pain
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Au, Jade S. K., Paul S. F. Yip, Cecilia L. W. Chan, and Y. W. Law. "Newspaper Reporting of Suicide Cases in Hong Kong." Crisis 25, no. 4 (July 2004): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.25.4.161.
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This study addresses the concerns over newspapers' reporting of suicide cases in Hong Kong, SAR (Special Administrative Region), using the WHO guidelines on the reporting of suicide news as a reference for comparison. We compared the official suicide information extracted from the Coroner's Court for the year 2000 with newspaper reports on suicides taken from five major Chinese local newspapers, which accounted for about 80% of the total circulation in Hong Kong. The type of newspaper reporting on suicides was also examined. Newspapers tended to report on those suicide victims who suffered relationship problems, whereas those who had family problems were significantly underreported. Among the suicides reported in the newspapers, 6.2% were found on the front page and the majority of the reports were presented pictorially. The reporting of suicides was selective and the coverage was incomplete, with student suicides reported excessively. The method of reporting for Hong Kong newspapers was not in line with the recommendations of the WHO or international best practices on presenting suicide news. For this reason we recommend a partnership approach with active participation from the media on suicide prevention so that communication professionals can proactively participate in suicide prevention work more effectively.
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Karthick, S., and Sangita Barwa. "A review on theoretical models of suicide." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v3i9.4382.
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Suicide is a major public health issue which is highly complex and multifaceted. Subsequently, after the pioneering work of Durkheim and Freud, researchers and scholars have attempted to explain the biological, social, and psychological nature of suicide. The present work presents an overview of different theoretical models underlying the development of suicidal behavior.Hence the theory components will be a better understanding of the causal mechanisms of suicide and it will lead to improving the intervention strategies for suicidal behaviors.
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Cuoghi, G., M. Venuta, G. Mattei, A. Sacchetti, and S. Ferrari. "The burden of attempted suicide: The attitude of emergency services workers." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.464.
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IntroductionThe great global burden of suicide requires specific preventive strategies focused on emergency services (ES) workers, providing first aid after attempted suicide.ObjectivesTo investigate the approach of ES workers toward attempted suicides, and to assess work-related stress and teamwork attitude as variables likely to influence suicide risk perception.MethodsA total of 265 ES workers (73 medical doctors, 130 nurses, 62 health and social care workers) from 3 hospitals in the area of Modena (Northern Italy) were involved. In a group setting, titles from local newspapers reporting about suicides were read, and ES workers were asked to fill in 3 psychometric scale questionnaires (SUIATT, MBI and SAQ).ResultsThe questionnaires returned were 88 (33%), 47% (n = 42) were filled by women, median age was 40 years. Doctors group had the highest response rate (60%). Burnout levels were intermediate at the Emotional Exhaustion subscale, severe at the Depersonalization subscale and mild at the Professional Efficacy subscale. Eighteen percent recorded a good team perception, 33% had a good perception of their work conditions. SUIATT subscales showed a restrictive attitude toward suicide, regardless of hospital and task.DiscussionNo associations emerged among SUIATT, MBI and SAQ subscales; male sex alone correlated to the SUIATT factor “rationality/mental alteration”, suggesting more “tolerance” of suicidal behaviour.ConclusionsIt is crucial to raise awareness among ES workers on this issue, since those workers considering suicide as “more acceptable” are more likely to recognise its signs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Violanti, John M., Sherry L. Owens, Erin McCanlies, Desta Fekedulegn, and Michael E. Andrew. "Law enforcement suicide: a review." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2017-0061.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of law enforcement suicide research from 1997 to 2016.Design/methodology/approachThe PRISMA systematic review methodology was implemented. A SCOPUS search identified a total of 97 documents. After applying all exclusion criteria, the results included a list of 44 articles in the review.FindingsOverall, studies investigating law enforcement suicide rates show conflicting results, with some studies showing lower suicide rates among law enforcement, some showing higher rates, and some showing no difference to comparison populations. Recurring research themes were lack of an appropriate comparison group, and small statistical power, particularly for minority and female officers. Stressors related to suicide among police included lack of organizational support, traumatic events, shift work, stigma associated with asking for help, or problems associated with fitting in with the police culture. Problems associated with domestic relationships and alcohol use were commonly mentioned as precursors to suicide or as correlates of suicidal ideation and were hypothesized to arise from stressful working conditions.Research limitations/implicationsSome limitations in law enforcement suicide research include the lack of theory, under-reporting of suicides, and guarded survey responses from police officers. Future directions in police suicide research include investigating etiological factors such as past adverse life and family experiences, social-ecological variation in suicide, or differences in suicide rates within the law enforcement occupation.Practical implicationsPolice work, given chronic and traumatic stress, lack of support, danger, and close public scrutiny is a fertile occupation for increased suicide risk. Awareness of the scope of the problem and associated risk factors can help to initiate prevention programs.Originality/valueThis paper provides a long-term review of literature regarding police suicidality, with suggestions for research and prevention.