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Journal articles on the topic 'Suicide bombings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Firdaus, Wildan Kholidul. "ANALISIS PERILAKU BOM BUNUH BERDASARKAN TEORI AGRESI DAN BUNUH DIRI SEBAGAI DETEKSI DINI RADIKALISME." Jurnal Cerdik: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jcerdik.2022.001.02.03.

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In mid-May 2018 before ramadhan, not long after terror at Mako Brimob Depok, Indonesian people were shocked by a series of terrorist suicide bombings in various places in Surabaya which involved a family including school-age children as the perpetrators. Various figures and experts flocked to express opinions and theories, ranging from radicalism, extremism, even conspiracy theories. The onslaught of terror is also much associated with religion and certain understandings which of course only focus on the ideology of a group of people, and forget the actors as individuals with cognitive abilities who consciously choose to commit suicide bombing. This article is based on literature reviews of journals coming from various official sources and websites, each article selected to describe the theory of aggression and suicide in relation to suicide bombings. In this paper, the author wants to open up a few opportunities for the theories of aggression and suicide to explain the behavior of suicide bombing terror. The purpose of this article is to define the criteria of vulnerable individuals to be recruited to commit suicide bombings, raising our awareness to the social environment including the scope of education so that early prevention can be done.

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Takdir, Mohammad, Basri Basri, and Mohamad Dindin Hamam Sidik. "Psychography of Terrorist Religiosity: A Case Study in East Java." Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jw.v8i1.9255.

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Based on the psychographic theory of Glock and Stark, this study tries to provide more information about the terrorist's religiosity in the context of a suicide bombing in East Java, Indonesia. To understand the theological state of terrorists who commit suicide bombings in the name of jihad, this research takes a psychological approach. Through later suicide bombings, which frequently occur, this research uses qualitative techniques to paint a picture of the dimensions of religiosity that terrorists possess. The Surabaya suicide bombings in East Java are used as a case study in this paper. The researcher uses psychographic theories of religion, which encompass ideological, ritualistic, intellectualistic, experiential, and consequential elements, to evaluate the religious dimensions of terrorists. This study demonstrates that a terrorist's religiosity can be characterised as having only conceptual, ceremonial, and intellectualistic aspects; the experiential and consequential aspects are not evident in the terrorist's attitude or personality.

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Tin, Derrick, Jordan Galehan, Vesna Markovic, and Gregory R. Ciottone. "Suicide Bombing Terrorism." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 6 (October 22, 2021): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21001151.

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AbstractIntroduction:While suicide bombings in the context of warfare have existed throughout history, there was an exponential rise in such attacks in the decade following the initiation of the War on Terror. The health care implications of such attacks are a growing concern across the emergency response sector, and this study is an epidemiological examination of all terrorism-related bombings sustained from 1970-2019, comparing the rates of fatal injuries (FI) and non-fatal injuries (NFI) between suicide bombing attacks (SBA) versus non-suicide bombing attacks (NSBA).Method:Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD database was downloaded and searched using the internal database search functions for all events that occurred from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Bombing/explosion as a primary “attack type” and explosives as a primary “weapon type” were selected for the purpose of this study, and events were further sub-classified as either “suicide attack” or “non-suicide attack.” Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.Findings:There were 82,217 bombing/explosion terrorist attacks using explosives documented during the study period with 135,807 fatalities and 352,500 NFI.A total of 5,416 events (6.59% of all events) were sub-classified as SBA causing 52,317 FI (38.52% of all FI) and 107,062 NFI (30.37% of all NFI).Mean SBA FI was 9.66 per event and mean SBA NFI was 19.77 per event compared to a mean NSBA FI of 1.09 per event and mean NSBA NFI of 3.20 per event.Conclusion:Suicide bombing attacks are a unique terrorist methodology that can inflict wide-spread psychological damage as well as significantly higher death and injury tolls when compared to more traditional NSBA. They have been increasing in popularity amongst terrorist organizations and groups, and Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) specialists need to be aware of the unique injury patterns and potential risk mitigation strategies associated with SBA depending on the target type, location, and gender of the perpetrator.

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4

Abu-Lughod, Reem A., and Eduardo L. Montoya. "Altruistic and Anomic Suicide: A Durkheimian Analysis of Palestinian Suicide Bombers." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 4 (May 29, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n4p30.

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In the past two decades, suicide terrorism in its different forms has become a popular topic of research and debate. It has contributed to a different sense of normalcy and regularity in various societies across the world given that suicide bombings are relatively inexpensive and effective, compared with other kinds of terrorist methods. This study primarily focuses on suicide bombings in the Palestinian/Israeli territories, an area that has experienced conflict and tension for over six decades. In doing so, the research study uses Durkheim’s typology of suicide as a theoretical framework to trace the history of suicide bombings in the Palestinian/Israeli territories, outline the characteristics of suicide bombers, their motivations, and how suicide bombings have been used as a form of resistance to occupation. The data collected cover suicide bombings that have occurred from April 1994 to February 2008. The research study uses logistic regression to examine the characteristics of the suicide bombers and their attacks. The results show, among other things, that the attacks possess elements of both altruistic and anomic types of suicide in the Durkheimian sense of the word.

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5

Hassan, Riaz. "Suicide Bombings: Homicidal Killing or a Weapon of War?" Asian Journal of Social Science 38, no. 3 (2010): 462–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110x499972.

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AbstractAfter an overview of the explanatory schemas of suicide bombing, the fastest growing form of terrorism in the world, this paper addresses a neglected but important question of whether the casualties of suicide bombings are homicidal killing or a weapon of war. The paper critically examines the distinction between war and terrorism and argues that both kill civilians and insert the coerciveness of precaution in the daily rhythm of social life. Using evidence from ethnographic studies on the nature of war and homicide, the paper concludes that suicide bombing attacks, because of the principle of substitutability which characterise war killing, could be regarded as a weapon of war. However, given that they are characterised by the wilful killing of civilians they could be regarded as ‘War Crimes’ under the Fourth Geneva Convention.

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6

Halim, Abd, and Abdul Mujib Adnan. "Problematika Hukum dan Ideologi Islam Radikal [Studi Bom Bunuh Diri Surabaya]." Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jua.v2i1.3572.

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Radicalism in Islam is part of a socio-religious phenomenon that cannot be separated from many aspects. Besides economic and political interests, Radicalism in Islam can also be seen from the legal and ideological aspects. The law forms ideology, and the culmination of it is extremist action, including terrorism. Suicide bombings in Surabaya (2018) are part of the chain of� extremist action and terrorism. Understanding bombing cases like in Surabaya, is not enough to be seen from the outward aspects only but also the basic foundation for forming the awareness of the perpetrators. This paper uses the theory of social action from Pierre F. Bourdieu, to read how values are internalized into oneself and then externalized into suicides, as well as to map the domains and capital owned. This socio-political research proves that acts of terror, including suicide bombings, are actualizations of complex ideological symbolism. Therefore, terrorism is part of space competition, both the space for religious interpretation, the physical space for action, and the human space for image and evaluation. The justification of terrorism is supported by a set of legal and theological arguments, as well as terrorism action also have legal and theological tools

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7

Sayre, Edward A. "Relative Deprivation and Palestinian Suicide Bombings." Asian Journal of Social Science 38, no. 3 (2010): 442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110x499963.

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AbstractThis paper applies the concept of relative deprivation to the study of Palestinian suicide bombings. While earlier work by Krueger and Maleckova (2003) indicates that the absolute well-being of those who support terrorism is higher than the general population in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, it is not clear if changes in the relative well-being of Palestinians could have influenced suicide bombings. This paper uses three reference groups, namely earlier generations of youth, as well as Israelis and Palestinians residing in different areas, to understand whether relative deprivation helps explain the phenomenon of suicide bombings. This paper finds some support for relative deprivation influencing the rate and timing of suicide bombings.

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8

Arnold, Jeffrey L., Ming-Che Tsai, Pinchas Halpern, Howard Smithline, Edita Stok, and Gurkan Ersoy. "Mass-Casualty, Terrorist Bombings: Epidemiological Outcomes, Resource Utilization, and Time Course of Emergency Needs (Part I)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 3 (September 2003): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001096.

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AbstractIntroduction:This article characterizes the epidemiological outcomes, resource utilization, and time course of emergency needs in mass-casualty, terrorist bombings producing 30 or more casualties.Methods:Eligible bombings were identified using a MEDLINE search of articles published between 1996 and October 2002 and a manual search of published references. Mortality, injury frequency, injury severity, emergency department (ED) utilization, hospital admission, and time interval data were abstracted and relevant rates were determined for each bombing. Median values for the rates and the inter-quartile ranges (IQR) were determined for bombing subgroups associated with: (1) vehicle delivery; (2) terrorist suicide; (3) confined-space setting; (4) open-air setting; (5) structural collapse sequela; and (6) structural fire sequela.Results:Inclusion criteria were met by 44 mass-casualty, terrorist bombings reported in 61 articles. Median values for the immediate mortality rates and IQRs were: vehicle-delivery, 4% (1–25%); terrorist-suicide, 19% (7–44%); confined-space 4% (1–11%); open-air, 1% (0–5%); structural-collapse, 18% (5–26%); structural fire 17% (1–17%); and overall, 3% (1–14%). A biphasic pattern of mortality and unique patterns of injury frequency were noted in all subgroups. Median values for the hospital admission rates and IQRs were: vehicle-delivery, 19% (14–50%); terrorist-suicide, 58% (38–77%); confined-space, 52% (36–71%); open-air, 13% (11–27%); structural-collapse, 41% (23–74%); structural-fire, 34% (25–44%); and overall, 34% (14–53%). The shortest reported time interval from detonation to the arrival of the first patient at an ED was five minutes. The shortest reported time interval from detonation to the arrival of the last patient at an ED was 15 minutes. The longest reported time interval from detonation to extrication of a live victim from a structural collapse was 36 hours.Conclusion:Epidemiological outcomes and resource utilization in mass-casualty, terrorist bombings vary with the characteristics of the event.

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9

Kristjánsson, Kristján. "Suicide bombings and the self." Journal of Global Ethics 4, no. 2 (August 2008): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449620802193993.

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10

Ahmed, Rashid, Muhammad Ali Baig, and Saif ur Rehman Malik. "The Pashtuns use of Suicide Bombing as a Military Operation in Afghanistan and Pakistan." Otoritas : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v11i2.3469.

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This paper provided a new framework i.e., fifth-generation literature on suicide bombings. The latter have always been a central debate/value in warfare; however, they have taken a centre stage in asymmetric warfare. The lethality and commitment to the cause makes a suicide attacker a real danger. The Iraqi episode of Al-Qaeda used suicide bombings as a military operation, and it transferred the expertise to Taliban to fight against the U.S-led Allied Forces in Afghanistan. From there the same tactics proliferated to Pakistani Taliban who used it as a military operation against the security and civil establishments of Islamabad. Apart from the Pashtunwali Code and the strict adherence to the Deobandi School of thought, the Pashtuns of Afghanistan and Pakistan readily accepted to recruit and train suicide attackers and employed suicide bombings as a military operation. This analytical and explanatory study generally banked on secondary data, normally gathered from the academic sources; however, primary data was also used, and an interview of an anonymous security official was conducted as well. This paper is a concentrated effort to probe and investigate the advent of suicide bombings in Afghanistan and Pakistan and to examine that how and why the Pashtuns used it as a military operation to achieve their desired objectives. The article found that the selection and indoctrination of a suicide bomber involves almost eight stages.

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Warner, Jason, Ellen Chapin, and Hilary Matfess. "Suicide Squads: The Logic of Linked Suicide Bombings." Security Studies 28, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 25–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2018.1508632.

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12

Suryani, L. K., A. Page, C. B. J. Lesmana, M. Jennaway, I. D. G. Basudewa, and R. Taylor. "Suicide in paradise: aftermath of the Bali bombings." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 8 (December 18, 2008): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004893.

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BackgroundThe relationship between the Bali (Indonesia) bombings of October 2002 and suicide has not previously been investigated, despite anecdotal evidence of the economic and psychological consequences of these attacks.MethodSuicide rates were calculated over the period 1994–2006 in three Bali regencies to determine whether suicide increased in the period following the first Bali bombings. Poisson regression and time-series models were used to assess the change in suicide rates by sex, age and area in the periods before and after October 2002.ResultsSuicide rates (age-adjusted) increased in males from an average of 2.84 (per 100 000) in the period pre-2002 to 8.10 in the period post-2002, and for females from 1.51 to 3.68. The greatest increases in suicide in the post-2002 period were in the age groups 20–29 and ⩾60 years, for both males and females. Tourist arrivals fell significantly after the bombings, and addition of tourism to models reduced relative risk estimates of suicide, suggesting that some of the increase may be attributable to the socio-economic effects of declines in tourism.ConclusionsThere was an almost fourfold increase in male suicide risk and a threefold increase in female suicide risk in the period following the 2002 bombings in Bali. Trends in tourism did not account for most of the observed increases. Other factors such as indirect socio-economic effects and Balinese notions of collective guilt and anxieties relating to ritual neglect are important in understanding the rise in suicide in the post-2002 period.

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Krstic, Zoran. "Suicide bombings by Islamist terrorist organizations." Vojno delo 66, no. 2 (2014): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1402288k.

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14

Guidugli, Mattias. "Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings." Politics, Religion & Ideology 14, no. 1 (March 2013): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2013.768815.

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15

Zafar, Abdul Mueed, and Aimon Fatima. "Suicide Bombings – A Word of Caution." Crisis 30, no. 2 (March 2009): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.106.

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KHASHAN, HILAL. "Collective Palestinian frustration and suicide bombings." Third World Quarterly 24, no. 6 (December 2003): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436590310001630062.

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17

Dolnik, A., and A. Bhattacharjee. "Hamas: Suicide Bombings, Rockets, or WMD?" Terrorism and Political Violence 14, no. 3 (September 2002): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714005624.

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Kumendong, Rachel, and Ali Abdullah Wibisono. "Missed Signals:Analyzing the Failure of Intelligence Cooperation in ASEAN in Preventing the Jolo Cathedral Bombings 2019." UNISCI Journal 22, no. 65 (May 15, 2024): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31439/unisci-198.

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This research examines the failure of ASEAN Our Eyes (AOE) to face the 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings. ASEAN's first intelligence cooperation initiative, known as AOE, was established in 2018 in response to the growing threat of transnational terrorism (ISIS) in the region. The Jolo Cathedral bombing was one of the deadliest suicide bombings in the Philippines, demonstrating the inability of AOE as a counterterrorism mechanism to face the threat of transnational terrorism. The findings of this research shed light on the two major factors - the absence of an agreed standard of procedure and the lack of early warning systems - that contributed to the failure of the AOE. The gaps identified highlight areas for improvement in intelligence cooperation and underscore the need for standardized procedures and robust early warning mechanisms to enhance ASEAN's collective response to transnational terrorist threats.

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Brunner 1, Claudia. "Female suicide bombers – Male suicide bombing? looking for Gender in reporting the suicide bombings of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict." Global Society 19, no. 1 (January 2005): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360082042000316031.

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20

Janowitz, Naomi. "Framing the Intentions of Suicide Bombers." Religions 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13090864.

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Despite the extensive information known about suicide bombings, widely-varying intentions have been used by many scholars to explain the religious motivations for the violence: these events are framed by participants as religious experiences, raising complex questions about the relationship between religious experience and violence. Recent studies use the vocabulary of religious studies—sacrifice, martyr, witness—to locate “cultures of violence” in a specific psychic structure, in a specific religion, or in religion in general; this paper compares three major studies that are representative of contemporary debate about religious experience. Ivan Strenski’s approach offers the broadest view, grounding suicide bombings in specific Islamic shaping of religious experience by a (non-normative) view of self-sacrifice emboldened by notions of jihad. Gideon Aran reconstructs a much narrower frame, a mutual attachment by bombers and their enemies around motivations from the redemptive capacity of blood (spilling and collecting). Ruth Stein psychoanalyzes the mind of a specific suicide bomber, Mohammed Atta, locating a complex web of love and hate as a motivation. These studies, each in a different way, demonstrate just how elusive the intentions of bombers remain and the sheer range of frameworks that might illuminate the aims of individuals who engage in suicide bombings.

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Saleem, Mehwish, Shuja ur Rehman, and Muhammad Tahir. "EFFECTS OF SUICIDE BOMBING ON MENTAL HEALTH IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i02.208.

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Pakistan passed through a very critical situation due to terrorism. The most lethal attempts were suicide bombings, which jolted Pakistani society, and the population faced severe mental health issues. This paper attempts to find out the psychological effects of suicide terrorism in Karachi. The present study has been conducted in Karachi city. This is an exploratory study in nature. The target population comprised of victims who had been directly affected by suicide terrorism in Karachi from 2008 to 2014. The study has a sample size of 118 and data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire by using the snowball sampling technique. A quantitative research design has been used to examine the psychological impact of suicide terrorism in Karachi. One hundred and eighteen respondents were included in the present study. A majority of them were male with monthly household income between 31,000-40,000 PKR, showing that most of the victims belonged to the lower-middle-class of society. The overwhelming number of the respondents having individual demised or injured in the suicide bombing were the household earners consequently resulting in emotional and financial crises. Most of the respondents (48.30%) reported that they or their family member’s experienced severe depression followed by mood swings. Most of the victims of suicide bombing are missing their household earners or the head of the family. As a result, they suffered from mental disturbance. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was high after the incident among the victims and their families. Keywords: Suicide bombing; Psychological impacts; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Victims, Karachi

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Abd Razak, Muhd Imran, Mohd Anuar Ramli, and Muhammad Yusri Yusof @Salleh. "ANALISIS HUKUM PENGLIBATAN WANITA SEBAGAI PENGEBOM BERANI MATI BAGI KUMPULAN EKSTREMISME AGAMA." Jurnal Fiqh 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol20no1.2.

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Suicide bombing refers to someone who carries out a bomb attack with the intention of killing themselves as well as others. The destruction of human life, particularly involving women, without proper justification is considered contrary to religious and humanitarian values. However, there are extremist groups that use women to carry out suicide attacks that are oriented around religious arguments. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the fiqh perspectives on suicide attacks, particularly those carried out by women in the Islamic State (IS) group. This qualitative study used a selected informant interview approach in addition to document analysis of the IS group’s Dabiq magazine and other written materials. The results of the study show that suicide bombings, lone wolf attacks, and the like by women in the IS group against any infidels or those considered apostates are actions that are contrary to Islamic teachings. They are considered forbidden and sinful. However, scholars have differing views regarding suicide bombers that are specific only to the context of the Palestinian state and not other Islamic territories.

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Slavicek, David Jan. "Deconstructing the Shariatic Justification of Suicide Bombings." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 31, no. 6 (June 13, 2008): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576100802064833.

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Haddad, Simon. "Lebanese and Palestinian Perspectives on Suicide Bombings." International Studies 46, no. 3 (July 2009): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002088171004600302.

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Kaplan, Edward H., Alex Mintz, and Shaul Mishal. "Tactical Prevention of Suicide Bombings in Israel." Interfaces 36, no. 6 (December 2006): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.1060.0242.

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Rusli, Rusli. "INDONESIAN SALAFISM ON JIHAD AND SUICIDE BOMBINGS." JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jiis.2014.8.1.91-111.

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Kirk, Matthew D. "Palestinian female ‘suicide bombers’ and the masculinity of martyrdom: Comparing ‘scandalous subwomen’ reactions in British and American broadcast news media coverage of the Second Intifada." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00056_1.

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From grassroots activism to armed combatants, Palestinian females have been active in combating Israel’s occupation of Palestine since the early twentieth century. During the second Palestinian Intifada, however, western news media coverage of female-perpetrated ‘suicide bombings’ sensationalized these previously unseen acts. Utilizing Herjeet Marway’s ‘scandalous subwomen’ societal reaction as a framework, this article engages in a multimodal analysis of the largely unexplored UK and US broadcast news coverage of female-perpetrated Palestinian ‘suicide bombings’. Via a postcolonial perspective, it addresses this framework’s focus upon ‘exclusion’: the projection that Palestinian female suicide bombers’ political participation is subject to male influence. This article finds that exclusionary male figures, as well as Saudi Arabia, are framed by UK and US broadcast news media to afford Palestinian female suicide bombers a lack of political agency. Palestinian female ‘suicide bombers’, as a result, become victimized figures via the UK and US broadcast news media’s orientalist ‘perceived reality’ which fails to recognize these female actors’ agential will or their ability to freely participate in political acts.

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Muzayyin, Muzayyin. "THE CONCEPT OF MARTYRDOM IN THE VIEW OF JAMĀ’AH ISLĀMIYAH IN INDONESIA." Teosofia 9, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/tos.v9i1.5367.

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<p><em>Religious radicalization is an irrefutable fact emerging mainly in the last decade. Several mass and suicide bombings (the nightclub Paddy's Pub in Bali, JW Marriot Hotel in Jakarta, Resort Police Mosque in Cirebon, Australian Embassy in Jakarta and several Churches in Indonesia) show this most clearly. The latest bombing in a mass building in Surabaya even had a thorough family as its actors. They and actors of other attacks claim that the bombing is of ways to put the doctrine of jihād fī sabīlillah into real life. It is therefore, the research employs a qualitative approach which aims to describe the concept of martyrdom as called amaliyat istisyhādiyah upon the perspective of Imam Samudera as one of Jamā’ah Islāmiyyah’s activist which is allegedly responsible for a number of terror attacks in South East Asia. In addition, this research conclude that Martyrdom has no relation to suicide.</em> <em>Its aims at establishing Kalimātullah and Islam, originating from the purest intention. While suicide is a hopeless deed performed by a person who kills himself for his own selfish reason</em><em> </em><em></em></p>

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Braun, Robert, and Michael Genkin. "Cultural Resonance and the Diffusion of Suicide Bombings." Journal of Conflict Resolution 58, no. 7 (August 19, 2013): 1258–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002713498707.

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Tosini, Domenico. "Al-Qaeda’s Strategic Gamble: The Sociology of Suicide Bombings in Iraq." Canadian Journal of Sociology 35, no. 2 (May 31, 2010): 271–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs6325.

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The article analyzes the suicide campaign conducted by the Iraqi insurgency since the 2003 US-led invasion. It offers a theoretical framework to identify the factors that explain why only certain armed organizations – in particular Al-Qaeda and its allies – have mounted a terrorist campaign and indiscriminately targeted civilians, in particular the Shiite population instead of the occupying forces, by perpetrating suicide attacks instead of using other tactics. This issue certainly requires identifying a complex set of preconditions for organizing a terrorist campaign, namely the Sunni extremists’ common capacity for exploiting contingent political and social opportunities after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. However, in accounting for the specificities of Al-Qaeda’s suicide terrorism campaign this paper explores three crucial elements: the anti-systemic stand of Al-Qaeda and its allies with respect to the new political regime determined by the Anglo-American occupation; the highly asymmetric nature of the fighting between Al-Qaeda and the occupying forces, combined with Al-Qaeda’s vigilantism against the Shiites; and, finally, the efficacy of suicide attacks in terms of their military, emotional, and symbolic impacts. Keywords: Asymmetric Warfare; Instrumental Rationality; Insurgency; Pan-Islamic Nationalism; Political Opportunities; Terrorism; Suicide Attacks; Vigilantism.

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Venger, Olesya. "The use of experts in journalistic accounts of media events: A comparative study of the 2005 London Bombings in British, American, and Russian newspapers." Journalism 20, no. 10 (February 21, 2019): 1343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884919830479.

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Drawing on previous research about journalistic news sources, this study explores the use of experts and other sources in coverage of the London suicide bombings (7 July 2005) in British, American, and Russian newspapers. Using content analysis of news reports of these attacks, it assesses the differential usage of information sources across newspapers published in countries with different media systems. The comparative analyses indicate that the use of government officials, non-government experts, and other journalistic sources in this context varies both between and within nations’ media systems. However, despite their media systems-related differences, ideological orientation, and source utilization, the cross-national newspaper coverage of the London bombings often reflected similar themes and a common dialogue that affirmed each nation’s shared mourning and condemnation of the bombings.

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32

Jacobson, Daniel, and Edward H. Kaplan. "Suicide Bombings and Targeted Killings in (Counter-) Terror Games." Journal of Conflict Resolution 51, no. 5 (October 2007): 772–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002707304814.

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Quanandi, Jodi, Susaningtyas N. H. Kertopati, and Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur. "Keterlibatan dan Pola Pergerakan Teroris Perempuan dalam Jaringan Terorisme di Indonesia." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 5, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 1189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v5i2.1356.

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This article aims to analyze analytically the processes that influence the involvement of women in acts of terrorism in Indonesia. The problem is focused on the case of suicide bombings with female terrorist actors who are often with terrorist networks and received news coverage by various media describing the pattern of relationships between the influence of religious concepts, action orientation and patriarchal domination in Indonesian society. To approach this problem, theoretical references and literature studies from previous journals are used. The data were collected and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the data on women who participated in acts of terrorism and also know the factors that influence women's participation in acts of terrorism carried out through suicide bombings, one of which is the Jamaah Ansharut Daulah network which is suspected to be affiliated with ISIS. This study also elaborates on the extent to which women's involvement in suicide cases is determined by how they interpret jihad and the orientation of their actions as well as the domination of the patriarchy that surrounds them and their pattern of movement in supporting terrorist acts.

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Sultana, Irem, Ifra Iftikhar, and Rao Shahid Mahmood. "The Attitude of Media Study Students towards Suicide Attacks." Global Regional Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(vi-i).35.

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This study attempts to investigate the attitudes towards suicide bombings among undergraduate university students in Pakistan. It is a descriptive and exploratory study based on surveys and in-depth interviews. The sample of the study was 52 respondents from a middle class, and upper-middle-class backgrounds enrolled inexpensive private institutes in Lahore. The study found that most undergraduate university students in Pakistan do not condone suicide bombings under any circumstances. The in-depth interviews revealed that young students understand and accept that it is impermissible (haram) in Islam. However, it is found that the use of appealing Islamic terminology of "martyrdom" and "jihad" by the militant organizations and the misrepresentation of "suicide attacks" as "martyrdom operations" has to some extent been effective in influencing even the young minds who are not by any means in their orbit. Moreover, this also demonstrates the inability of the Muslim world in countering the misuse of emotional Islamic appeals of jihad and martyrdom there by allowing such acts to be portrayed as legitimate and sanctioned by Islamic law and, in doing so, damaging the overall image and understanding of Islam in the eyes of Muslims and non-Muslims alike. It is, therefore, recommended that the Muslim world actively challenge the misrepresentation of suicide attacks as a permissible exercise of jihad and prevent the distortion and confusion of religious teachings

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Hughes, Geoffrey. "Words, war and terror." English Today 24, no. 1 (February 22, 2008): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000047.

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ABSTRACTStarts with excerpt from Geoffrey Hughes, Words of War (ET17, 1989). The lexicon of war in the twenty-first century. The major development since this article was published (1989, the year that the Berlin Wall came down) was the terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001, now styled ‘9/11’. This used a stupefyingly original strategy of attacking the heart of America's capitalist and military establishment with the unconventional weapons of civilian aircraft and kamikazi pilots. Indeed, the bombing was a more ruthless variation of Pearl Harbour, being a hijack, less damaging in terms of hardware, but far more devastating in its effect on national morale and its propaganda impact. On a smaller scale, suicide bombings have now become relatively common.

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Rasheed, Sana, and Noman Khalid. "A study of assorted data on suicide bombings in Pakistan." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 16, no. 3 (September 20, 2016): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512916665723.

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Larzillière, Pénélope. "On suicide bombings: questioning rationalist models and logics of gender." International Review of Sociology 27, no. 1 (November 28, 2016): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2016.1259136.

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Abbas, Mohammed J., Amir Fadhil Al Haidary, and Sabah Alghanimy. "Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among the survivors of two suicide bombings in Iraq." International Psychiatry 10, no. 4 (November 2013): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600004069.

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The prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and subthreshold PTSD (SPTSD) were measured in 258 survivors of two suicide bombings in Karbala, Iraq, 2 months after the incidents. Of the total sample, 112 (43.4%) had PTSD and 59 (22.9%) had SPTSD. PTSD was more prevalent after the incident that was associated with more civilian deaths.

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Mekel, MD, Michal, Amir Bumenfeld, MD, Zvi Feigenberg, MD, Daniel Ben-Dov, MD, Michael Kafka, MD, Oren Barzel, MD, Moshe Michaelson, MD, and Michael M. Krausz, MD. "Terrorist suicide bombings: Lessons learned in Metropolitan Haifa from September 2000 to January 2006." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 4, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2009.0035.

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Background: The threat of suicide bombing attacks has become a worldwide problem. This special type of multiple casualty incidents (MCI) seriously challenges the most experienced medical facilities.Methods: The authors concluded a retrospective analysis of the medical management of victims from the six suicide bombing attacks that occurred in Metropolitan Haifa from 2000 to 2006.Results: The six terrorist suicide bombing attacks resulted in 411 victims with 69 dead (16.8 percent) and 342 injured. Of the 342 injured, there were 31 (9.1 percent) severely injured, seven (2.4 percent) moderately severely injured, and 304 (88.9 percent) mildly injured patients.Twenty four (77 percent) of the 31 severely injured victims were evacuated to the level I trauma center at Rambam Medical Center (RMC). Of the seven severely injured victims who were evacuated to the level II trauma centers (Bnai-Zion Medical Center and Carmel Medical Center) because of proximity to the detonation site, three were secondarily transferred to RMC after initial resuscitation. Eight of the 24 severely injured casualties, admitted to RMC, eventually died of their wounds.There was no in-hospital mortality in the level II trauma centers.Conclusions: A predetermined metropolitan triage system which directs trauma victims of a MCI to the appropriate medical center and prevents overcrowding of the level I facility with less severe injured patients will assure that critically injured patients of a suicide bombing attack will receive a level of care that is comparable with the care given to similar patients under normal circumstances. Severe blast injury victims without penetrating injuries but with significant pulmonary damage can be effectively managed in ICUs of level II trauma centers.

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Ateek, Naim. "Suicide Bombers: What Is Theologically and Morally Wrong with Suicide Bombings? A Palestinian Christian Perspective." Studies in World Christianity 8, no. 1 (April 2002): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2002.8.1.5.

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Rasyidin, Al, and Hasnah Nasution. "Kearifan Muhammadiyah di Sumatera Utara dalam Merespons Isu Radikalisme." TEOSOFI: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 8, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 457–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2018.8.2.315-342.

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Radicalism and terrorism have anxiously attracted the world community. Ironically, the terms have been labeled to Islam and the Muslims. This article focuses on how does Muhammadiyah as one of the Indonesian largest Islamic organizations respond to the issue of radicalism in Indonesia? Based on field research where the data is gathered through interview, observation, and documentary study, the research puts emphasis on the responses of Muhammadiyah toward the idea and movement which attempt to establish Islamic state; its responses to the Western countries and the unbelievers; its interpretation of jihad as an obligatory war against the unbelievers; and its idea on legalization of suicide bombings. The study indicates that Muhammadiyah, particularly in the North Sumatera, rejects any radical movement along with its ideology in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah sees that NKRI (The Unity State of the Republic of Indonesia) has been an ideal model of state and it is a blessing of God that must be preserved and protected. Muhammadiyah condemns anyone who justifies violent acts and commits murder and suicide bombings in the name of religion. Muhammadiyah also asserts that radicalism is a threat toward world peace and it has no correlation with the Islamic teachings.

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Knowles, Gordon James. "Social psychological dynamics of hostage negotiation: forensic psychology, suicide intervention, police intelligence/counterintelligence, and tactical entry." Journal of Criminal Psychology 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-01-2016-0001.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review several major components of hostage negotiation including: the different types of hostage situations; the prediction of the behavioral patterns of the hostage taker; the collection and the use of police intelligence in hostage incidents; and the application of forensic psychology during the hostage negotiations process. Design/methodology/approach – Emphasis on the social psychological aspects of creating attitude change and gaining compliance with the hostage taker are introduced to assist in developing an effective crisis communication approach during the hostage negotiations process. Findings – The paper also discusses trends in hostage negotiation strategies within incidents of domestic violence, suicide by cop, school shootings, and suicide/homicide bombings. Practical implications – Limitations and advancements in the field of hostage negotiations are also discussed as well as suggestions for the use of tactical entry to resolve unsuccessful hostage negotiations. Social implications – Explores the current trend of “suicide by cop,” but also introduces the concept of homicide by cop in relation to police shootings. Originality/value – The use of criminal psychology in developing hostage negotiation strategies to engage hostage takers with personality disorders, PTSD, paranoid schizophrenia, and suicidal depression is also discussed.

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Frisch, Hillel. "Motivation or capabilities? Israeli counterterrorism against Palestinian suicide bombings and violence." Journal of Strategic Studies 29, no. 5 (October 2006): 843–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390600901026.

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Barak, Adiel, David Verssano, Pinchas Halpern, and Anat Lowenstein. "Ophthalmologists, suicide bombings and getting it right in the emergency department." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 246, no. 2 (September 6, 2007): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-007-0665-7.

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Hafez, Mohammed M. "The Alchemy of Martyrdom: Jihadi Salafism and Debates over Suicide Bombings in the Muslim World." Asian Journal of Social Science 38, no. 3 (2010): 364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110x499927.

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AbstractSuicide attacks by radical Islamists mainly target and harm their co-religionists. Whether in Iraq, Afghanistan or Pakistan, suicide bombers are increasingly directing their blows against Muslims, including non-combatants, they label apostates, infidels or collaborators with foreign powers. The culprits for this indiscriminate carnage are primarily radical Sunnis known as Jihadi Salafists. How could these Sunni radicals square their Islamic legitimacy with three clearly established prohibitions in Islam: Do not kill yourself, do not killing non-combatants, and do not kill fellow Muslims? Jihadi Salafists circumvent these commands by redefining the meaning of piety in Islam to frame their co-religionists as apostates and heretics outside the protective umbrella of Islam. They also give primacy to human intentionality in warfare to frame self-immolation as martyrdom, not suicide. Finally, they unearth rulings by medieval scholars that permit indiscriminate tactics during warfare to protect the collective interests of Muslims. The case of Al-Qaeda in Iraq and its indiscriminate suicide bombings illustrate these justifications.

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Zweig, Michael. "Iraqi Unions and Their American Labor Allies." International Labor and Working-Class History 78, no. 1 (2010): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547910000207.

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Since the start of the Iraq war in 2003, images of suicide bombings, religious violence, and general chaos have come to mind when most Americans have thought about Iraq. Counterposed are thoughts of US military efforts to separate the combatants and restore order. Whether one has supported or opposed the US actions in Iraq, the actual Iraqi people, almost all of them ordinary working people, remain remote and unknown.

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Patel, HDL, S. Dryden, A. Gupta, and N. Stewart. "Human body projectiles implantation in victims of suicide bombings and implications for health and emergency care providers: the 7/7 experience." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 5 (May 2012): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588412x13171221591772.

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INTRODUCTION On 7 July 2005 four suicide bombings occurred on the London transport systems. In some of the injured survivors, bone fragments were embedded as biological foreign bodies. The aim of this study was to revisit those individuals who had sustained human projectile implantation injuries as a result of the bomb blasts at all scenes, review the process of body parts mapping and DNA identification at the scene, detail the management of such injuries and highlight the protocols that have been put in place for protection against blood borne pathogens. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 12 instances of victims who sustained human body projectile implantation injuries. The Metropolitan Police and forensic scientists identified the human projectiles using DNA profiling and mapped these on the involved carriages and those found outside. All human projectiles included were greater than 3cm2. RESULTS Twelve cases had human projectile implantation injuries. Of these, two died at the scene and ten were treated in hospital. Projectiles were mapped at three of the four bomb blast sites. Our findings show that victims within a 2m radius of the blast had human projectile injuries. Eight of the allogenic bony fragments that were identified in the survivors originated from the suicide bomber. All the victims with an open wound should have prophylaxis against hepatitis B and serum stored for appropriate action against HIV and hepatitis C infection. CONCLUSIONS All victims following a suicide bombing should be assumed to have human body projectile implantation injuries with blood products or bony fragments. All immediate care providers should receive prophylaxis against hepatitis B virus and appropriate action should be taken against HIV and hepatitis C infection.

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Fajar, Mia Dayanti, and Elisabeth Dewi. "‘Bride Terrorist’ in Indonesia: Is She Still Considered as a Peace Agency?" SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender, Women, Child, and Social Inclusion's Studies 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 1–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36625/sj.v2i2.37.

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ISIS and Al-Qaeda are now recruiting women to join terrorism groups. These two large terrorist groups even show the real use of women as suicide bombers in terrorist acts. This is certainly controversial since women have a close relationship with peace. It indicates a shift in traditional feminist thinking saying that women are identical with peace. The involvement of women in terrorism can also be traced in Indonesia. In December 2016, Indonesia was shocked by the arrest of a prospective suicide bomber with her husband. The phenomenon occurred along with female Chechen suicide bombers, Black Widows, who blew themselves up to avenge their husbands’ death. This paper aims to explain the involvement of women in the world of terrorism and any reason taken by women to commit suicide bombings. The result of this research revealed that women were involved in terrorism because of patriarchal culture and personal factors that was based on religion by doctrinization in Indonesia.

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Curran, Peter S. "Psychiatric Aspects of Terrorist Violence: Northern Ireland 1969–1987." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 4 (October 1988): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.4.470.

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For 18 years, Northern Ireland has suffered a changing pattern of civil disorder. Early years were marked by widespread sectarian rioting, shootings, and bombings, which heightened community tension and caused much social and commercial disruption. However, in recent years, terrorist organisations have been more selective in their acts of violence. There are methodological difficulties in assessing the psychological impact of civil disorder and terrorism. But, as well as can be judged from community surveys, hospital admissions and referral data, psychotropic drug usage, suicide and attempted suicide rates, and from assessment of the actual victims of violence, society has not ‘broken down’ nor has the impact been judged considerable. Possible explanations are discussed.

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Norton, Augustus Richard. "Hizballah and the Israeli Withdrawal from Southern Lebanon." Journal of Palestine Studies 30, no. 1 (2000): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2676479.

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Using as its starting point the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon, this article traces Hizballah's development from a radical resistance group known especially for suicide bombings and kidnappings to a highly professional guerrilla force and a political party with a broad constituency and pragmatic leadership. The author examines Hizballah's entry into politics in the early 1990s; its evolving relations with state actors, especially Syria and Iran; its conduct during and following the withdrawal; and its future prospects.

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