Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulfat

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfat'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfat"

1

Purnamaningsih, Nur'aini, Endah Retnaningrum, and Wahyu Wilopo. "PEMANFATAAN KONSORSIUM BAKTERI PEREDUKSI SULFAT DAN ZEOLIT ALAM DALAM PENGENDAPAN LOGAM Mn." Jurnal Penelitian Saintek 22, no. 1 (August 28, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jps.v22i1.15311.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan zeolit alam Wonosari terhadap aktivitas Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat dalam pengendapan logam Mn skala continous culture dan mengidentifikasi karakter biofilm Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat oleh aktivitas konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat pada zeolit alam dalam skala continous culture. Tahap penelitian meliputi aktivasi zeolit, pengujian aktivitas konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat dalam skala continous culture; serta karakterisasi biofilm konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat. Konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat yang digunakan berasal dari kotoran kambing. Zeolit yang digunakan pada pengujian aktivitas konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat adalah zeolit alam Wonosari yang berukuran 0,8-1,2 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat pada bioreaktor dengan penambahan zeolit mempunyai aktivitas yang lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan bioreaktor tanpa penambahan zeolit, dimana pH meningkat menjadi pH 6,9; efisiensi pengendapan logam Mn sebesar 61,16%, serta nilai MPN yang lebih tinggi. Zeolit dalam bioreaktor dengan waktu pembentukan biofilm 5 hari dan 9 hari terlihat adanya biofilm konsorsium Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat yang tumbuh melekat pada permukaan zeolit. The objective of this study were determining the effects of natural zeolite from Wonosari on the activites of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria in Mangan (Mn) sedimentation of continous culture scale, and identifying the biofilm character of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on consortium activites on natural zeolite using continous culture scale. The first studies was activation of zeolites, followed by testing the activity of consortium activities of Sulfate Reduction Bacteria in continuous culture scales; and biofilm characterization of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria consortium. The consortium of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria derived from goat feces. The size of zeo natural zeolites used in the consortium activity test of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria in Mangan sedimentation was 0.8 to 1.2 cm. The results showed that the consortium of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria in the bioreactor with the addition of zeolite had an activity that was more effective than the bioreactor without the addition of zeolite, where the pH was increased to pH 6.9; Mangan sedimentation was 61,16%, and the higher MPN index. Zeolite in a bioreactor with biofilm formation in 5th days and 9th days seems that there were biofilm consortium of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria growing attached to the surface of the zeolite.
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Helard, Denny, Shinta Indah, and Nurul Fitria. "ANALISIS VARIASI SPASIAL KONSENTRASI SULFAT DI SUNGAI BATANG ARAU, PADANG, SUMATERA BARAT." Jurnal Dampak 13, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/dampak.13.2.68-75.2016.

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This study aimed to obtain a more comprehensive analysis of sulfate concentration of in Sungai Batang Arau, Padang. In addition to concentration profile of sulfate, correlation analysis between sulfate and environmental parameters (flowrate-Q, temperature-T, pH, DO and electrical Conductivity-EC) and spatial variation analysis of sulfate along the river were also performed. The analysis showed sulfate concentration tended to increase from upstream to downstream. Sulfate concentrations ranged from 25.9 to 115.1 mg / L and were below the quality standard (400 mg / L). Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed a relative strong correlation of sulfate and significant with Q (r=0.581, p=0.000), T (r=0.448, p=0.008), and DHL (r=0.411, p=0.008) and no correlation with pH (r=-0.194, p=0.231) and DO (r=-0.279, p=0.081). Result of spatial analysis with a one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence level indicated that there was no a significant variability of sulfate concentration at the sampling stations (p> 0.05) except for S1 with S7 and S8. Moreover, cluster analysis grouped 8 sampling stations into two clusters, low and moderate polluted, based on similarities of sulfate characteristics. Keywords: Batang Arau, sulfate, correlation analysis, spatial variation analysisABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih lengkap tentang konsentrasi sulfat dan parameter lingkungan (debit, Q; pH, temperatur, T; dissolved oxygen, DO; dan daya hantar listrik, DHL) di Sungai Batang Arau, Padang. Selain menyajikan profil konsentrasi dan membandingkannya dengan baku mutu pada Peraturan Gubernur Sumatera Barat No. 5 Tahun 2008, analisis korelasi antar parameter dan variasi spasial konsentrasi sulfat di sepanjang sungai juga dilakukan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan konsentrasi sulfat cenderung meningkat dari hulu ke hilir sungai begitu juga dengan parameter lingkungan. Nilai konsentrasi sulfat secara rata-rata berada pada rentang 25,9-115,1 mg/L dan berada di bawah baku mutu (400 mg/L). Analisis korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan bahwa parameter sulfat berkorelasi cukup kuat dan signifikan dengan Q (r=0,581, p=0,000), T (r=0,448, p=0,008), dan DHL (r=0,411, p=0,008) dan tidak berkorelasi dengan pH (r=-0,194, p=0,231) dan DO (r=-0,279, p=0,081). Analisis spasial dengan one-way ANOVA pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan perbedaan lokasi sampling tidak mengakibatkan perbedaan konsentrasi sulfat yang signifikan (p>0,05), kecuali antara titik S1 dengan S7 dan S8. Lebih lanjut, analisis spasial dengan menggunakan analisis klaster mengelompokkan titik sampling ke dalam dua klaster, yaitu klaster 1 yang terdiri dari titik S1 sampai titik S7 dan klaster 2 (S8) yang menggambarkan perubahan konsentrasi pencemar sulfat dari konsentrasi rendah ke konsentrasi sedang.Kata kunci: Batang Arau, sulfat, analisis korelasi, analisis variasi spasial
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Cahyani, Rizki Amalia Tri, Ernawan Setyono, and Yunan Rusdianto. "Performa Beton Dengan Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Terhadap Sulfate Attack." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrs.16.3.185-193.2020.

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Serangan sulfat (sulfate attack) termasuk hal yang umum terjadi pada struktur beton, mengingat ion sulfat banyak dijumpai pada tanah, air tanah dan air laut. Peningkatan ketahanan beton melawan sulfat akan berdampak besar pada durabilitas dan umur layan struktur beton. Penambahan supplementary cementitious materials seperti GGBFS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) ke campuran beton telah terbukti memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap durabilitas dan properti mekanis beton. Namun, GGBFS tergolong material yang baru dikembangkan di Indonesia dan potensinya dalam meningkatkan durabilitas beton belum dimanfaatkan secara luas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan investigasi terkait aplikasi GGBFS dan pengaruhnya terhadap durabilitas beton, terutama dalam melawan serangan sulfat. Dalam studi ini, durabilitas beton dengan persentase penggantian GGBFS 30%, 50% dan 70% terhadap total volume binder dievaluasi menggunakan perlakuan siklus basah-kering dalam larutan magnesium sulfat. Tingkat degradasi beton diukur dengan melakukan observasi terhadap perubahan kuat tekan dan massa spesimen akibat serangan sulfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggantian GGBFS hingga 50% dari total volume binder dapat meningkatkan ketahanan beton terhadap serangan sulfat, ditunjukkan dengan kehilangan massa dan reduksi kekuatan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan spesimen kontrol dengan 100% semen Portland.
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Saputra, Beny, Agus Sutanto, Mia Cholvistaria, Suprayitno Suprayitno, and Nala Rahmawati. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PEREDUKSI SULFAT PADA KAWAH AIR PANAS NIRWANA SUOH LAMPUNG BARAT." BIOLOVA 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/biolova.v2i2.1089.

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Abstrak: Bakteri pereduksi sulfat atau Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) adalah jenis bakteri obligat anaerob kemolitrotof memanfaatkan donor electron H2. Kemampuan SRB mereduksi sulfat menjadi sulfida mampu mengendapkan logam toksik meliputi Cd, Cu, dan Zn sebagai logam sulfida. SRB memerlukan substrat organik seperti asam piruvat yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas anaerob lainnya. Mekanisme SRB dalam melakukan reduksi sulfat, sulfat digunakan sebagai sumber energi sebagai akseptor elektron dan menggunakan sumber karbon (C) sebagai donor elekton dalam metabolisme dan bahan penyusun sel. Pada kondisi anaerob bahan organik akan berperan sebagai donor elektron. Pembentukan senyawa sulfida melalui proses reduksi yang ditandai oleh penambahan elektron dari bahan organik yang menyebabkan turunnya konsentrasi sulfat dan naiknya pH lingkungan. SRB pada kawah air panas nirwana ini hidup secara anaerob pada suhu lingkungan 600C - 1000C dengan pH 7,4 tingkat kekeruhan air cukup keruh dan kandungan air yang mengandung blerang dengan indikator bau seperti telur busuk dan lingkungan sekitar terdiri dari sedimen batu kapur. Abstract : Sulfate-reducing bacteria (BPS) is a type of chemolithotroph obligate anaerobic bacteria that utilize H2 electron donors. The ability of BPS to reduce sulfate to sulfide is able to precipitate toxic metals including Cd, Cu, and Zn as metal sulfides. BPS requires organic substrates such as pyruvic acid which is produced by other anaerobic activities. The BPS mechanism in reducing sulfate, sulfate is used as an energy source as an electron acceptor and uses a carbon source (C) as an electron donor in metabolism and cell building material. Under anaerobic conditions, organic matter will act as an electron donor. The formation of sulfide compounds through a reduction process is characterized by the addition of electrons from organic matter which causes a decrease in sulfate concentration and an increase in environmental pH. BPS in this nirvana hot spring crater lives anaerobically at an environmental temperature of 600C - 1000C with a pH of 7.4 the level of turbidity of the water is quite cloudy and the water content contains sulfur with an indicator of smell like rotten eggs and the surrounding environment consists of limestone sediments
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Posumah, Dany Christian, and Dewianti A. Rondonuwu. "ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI TERMOFILIK PEREDUKSI SULFAT DI AIR PANAS SARONGSONG KOTA TOMOHON." Jurnal Biota 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v4i1.1654.

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ABSTRAK.Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat (BPS) berperan dalam biodegradasi lahan tercemar. Identifikasi berdasarkan karakter fenotipik perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan beberapa isolat bakteri pereduksi sulfat di lokasi pemandian air panas Saronsong kota Tomohon. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode profile matching. Bakteri termofilik pereduksi sulfat diisolasi dari lokasi pemandian air panas Sarongsong kota Tomohon menggunakan media cair postgate b yang telah dimodifikasi dan selanjutnya dilakukan pemurnian menggunakan metode pengenceran. Karakter fenotipik isolat bakteri termofilik pereduksi sulfat yang diuji meliputi morfologi koloni, morfologi sel dan karakter biokimia. Hasil isolasi pada kawasan air panas Sarongsong diperoleh 4 isolat bakteri termofilik pereduksi sulfat yang dilihat dari perubahan warna media selektif. Berdasarkan identifikasi dengan menggunakan metode profile matching menunjukkan bahwa keempat isolat tersebut diduga termasuk dalam anggota genus Desulfotomaculum (isolat AK4D3 dan L4D1), genus Desulfomicrobium (isolat AJ4D5) dan genus Desulfobulbus (isolat L5D2).Kata Kunci:, fenotipik, identifikasi, isolasi, karakterisasi ABSTRACT. Sulfate Reducing bacteria play a role in biodegradation of land contaminated. Identification based on phenotype character needs to be done to know this type of bacteria. The objective of this research is to get some isolate of sulfate reducing bacteria in clear water, cloudy water and mud in Tomohon hot spring water location. Identification is done by using profile matching method. The sulfate reducing thermophilic bacteria was isolated from the Tomohon Sarongsong hot spring location using the modified postgate b liquid medium and then purified by dilution method. Phenotypic characteristics of sulfate reducing thermophilic bacteria isolates tested included colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical character. The result of isolation at Sarongsong hot bath obtained 4 isolates of sulfate reducing thermophilic bacteria seen from selective media color change. Based on the identification using the profile matching method showed that the four isolates were suspected to be included in the members of the genus Desulfotomaculum (isolates of AK4D3 and L4D1), genus Desulfomicrobium (isolate AJ4D5) and genus Desulfobulbus (isolate L5D2). Keywords:, characteristics, Identification, Isolation, Phenotypic
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Budiman, Jaka Satria, I. Gde Basten, Hendri Silaen, Rahardian Ryan Ruthman, Fari Fathiardi Putra, and Kinkin Sulaeman. "DISTRIBUTION OF SULFATE WATER IN GRASBERG BLOCK CAVE (GBC) MINE, PAPUA, INDONESIA." RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan 27, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2017.v27.440.

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Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) underground mine, which is operated by PT Freeport Indonesia, located at High Land of Papua which has intensity of rainfall (average 4000 mm/year) and causing water inflow through the fractured rock, and flowing inside the underground mine. The water occurrence inside the underground mine could be in seepage form and water flow from diamond drilling hole. Water seepage inside underground mine contain many chemical compounds such as sulfate (SO42-). Sulfate has ability to cause acid water and sulfate attack, which can be a problem for ground support existing. Water from seepages of existing drift during development were collected and sent to laboratory to obtain detail chemical information. By correlating with geological data (formation and its content), distribution of water sulfate can be known. In the ore body of GBC, sulfate water content is higher than other lithologies. These data can be used for long term ground support planning in the future.AbstrakTambang bawah tanah Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) yang dioperasikan oleh PT Freeport Indonesia, berlokasi di dataran tinggi Papua mempunyai curah hujan yang tinggi (rata-rata 4000 mm/tahun) dan menyebabkan adanya aliran air melewati rekahan batuan dan mengalir menuju ke dalam tambang bawah tanah. Keberadaan air di dalam tambang bawah tanah dapat berupa rembesan dan aliran air yang mengalir dari dalam lubang pengeboran. Rembesan air di dalam tambang bawah tanah mengandung banyak senyawa kimia seperti senyawa yang memiliki sulfat (SO42-). Sulfat mempunyai kemampuan untuk menyebabkan air asam dan sulfate attack, yang notabene bisa menjadi masalah terhadap ground support yang ada. Air yang terdapat di terowongan tambang bawah tanah, diambil dan dikirim menuju laboratorium untuk mendapatkan informasi kimia secara rinci. Dengan melakukan korelasi terhadap data geologi (formasi dan kandungan mineralnya), distribusi dari air sulfat bisa diketahui. Di dalam tubuh bijih utama GBC, air mengandung sulfat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di area litologi lainnya. Data-data ini bisa digunakan untuk perencanaan pemasangan penyangga batuan di masa yang akan datang.
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Indriana, Kovertina Rakhmi. "Pengaruh Kombinasi Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman pada Larutan Asam Sulfat terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Serta Pertumbuhan Benih Jarak (Jatroka curcas) di Persemaian." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v2i1.53.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh cara yang paling tepat guna mempercepat perkecambahan benih jarak dan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi dan lamanya perendaman pada larutan asam sulfat terhadap viabilitas dan vigor serta pertumbuhan benih jarak di persemaian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium benih dan di kebun produksi tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti Tanjungsari, Sumedang dengan ketinggian tempat 850 meter dari permukaan laut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2011 sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2011. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 18 kombinasi perlakuan dan dua ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari : A= direndam pada air aquades selama 1 menit, B= direndam air aquades selama 2 menit, C=direndam air aquades selama 3 menit, D=direndam aquades selama 4 menit, E=direndam aquades selama 5 menit, F= direndam aquades selama 6 menit, G=direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 1 menit, H= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 2 menit, I= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 3 menit, J= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 4 menit, K= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 1 menit, L= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 6 menit, M= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 1 menit, N= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 2 menit, O=direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 3 menit, P=direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 4 menit, Q= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 5 menit, R= direndam konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 6 menit. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi konsentrasi dan lama perendaman pada larutan asam sulfat berpengaruh terhadap daya kecambah benih dan kecepatan tumbuh benih serta pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman umur 24 HST dan jumlah daun pada umur 17 HST, 24 HST, 31 HST, 38 HST dan 45 HST. Konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1 % dan 0,5 % dengan berbagai waktu perendaman meningkatkan daya kecambah benih jarak, dengan kecepatan tumbuh yang lebih baik pada lama perendaman 2 menitsampai 6 menit dan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap jumlah daun per tanaman dengan perlakuan terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan konsentrasi 0,5% dengan waktu perendaman selama 6 menit.
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Majalis, Asep Nurohmat, Nur Vita Permatasari, Yeni Novitasari, Noviarso Wicaksono, Dedi Armin, and Rizki Pratiwi. "Kajian Awal Produksi Fero Sulfat dari Slag Nikel Melalui Proses Pelindian Menggunakan Asam Sulfat." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.18.1.31-38.

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AbstractNickel production with a pyrometallurgical process produces slag as a side product. Base on government regulation no.101 of 2014, nickel slag included in hazardous and toxic materials from specific sources with hazard category 2. The study of the use of nickel slag is quite interesting because chemically still contains valuable minerals and metals, and iron metal contained in nickel slag is the most dominant. A preliminary study of ferrous sulfate production from nickel slag was carried out which has the potential to be used for the treatment of nickel ore mining wastewater. The stages have been taken are characterization and leaching of nickel slag using sulfuric acid. The main mineral composition of nickel slag are fayalite, magnetite, and cristobalite with the dominant elements are Fe, O, Si, S, Mg, Ni, and Cu. The content of Fe, Ni, Co and Cu in nickel slag samples are 37%, 0.479%, 0.361%, and 0.0843% respectively. Nickel slag morphology is an irregular polygon and the surface is smooth and dense. Nickel slag leaching carried out on the ratio of the volume of the leachate to the weight of the slag is 1000 ml/500 g, acid concentration are 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.35 and leaching time is 5 days had successfully dissolved Fe(II) from nickel slag 2790, 1940, 4180 and 5160 mg/L respectivelyKeywords: nickel slag, ferrous sulfate, characterization, leachingAbstrakProduksi nikel dengan proses pirometalurgi menghasilkan hasil samping yaitu slag. Slag nikel berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No.101 tahun 2014 termasuk limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun dari sumber spesifik khusus dengan kategori bahaya 2. Kajian pemanfaatan slag nikel cukup menarik dilakukan karena secara kimia slag nikel masih mengandung mineral dan logam-logam yang berharga, dan kandungan logam besi di dalam slag nikel adalah yang paling dominan. Telah dilakukan kajian awal produksi fero sulfat dari slag yang berpotensi dapat dimanfaatkan untuk proses pengolahan air limbah pertambangan bijih nikel. Tahapan yang dilakukan yaitu karakterisasi dan pelindian slag nikel menggunakan asam sulfat. Komposisi mineral utama slag nikel adalah fayalit, magnetit dan kristobalit dengan kandungan unsur dominan Fe, O, Si, S, Mg, Ni, dan Cu. Kandungan logam Fe, Ni, Co, dan Cu dalam sampel slag nikel secara berturut-turut yaitu 37%, 0,479%, 0,361%, dan 0,0843%. Morfologi slag nikel adalah poligon tidak beraturan dan permukaannya halus serta padat. Pelindian slag nikel yang dilakukan pada perbandingan volume pelindi terhadap berat slag nikel yaitu 1000 ml/500 gram, konsentrasi asam sulfat secara berturut-turut 0,2; 0,25; 0,3 dan 0,35 mol/L dan waktu pelindian 5 hari telah berhasil melarutkan Fe(II) dari slag nikel secara berturut-turut 2790; 1940; 4180 dan 5160 mg/L.Kata kunci: slag nikel, fero sulfat, karakterisasi, pelindian
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Howan, Dian Herlinda Octorina. "Kajian kalor reaksi tembaga sulfat (CuSO4.5H2O) melalui prototipe kalorimeter." Fullerene Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i1.46.

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Telah dilakukan penentuan kalor pelarutan reaksi tembaga sulfat hidrat, CuSO4.5H2O dan tembaga sulfat anhidrat, CuSO4 dengan menggunakan prototype kalorimeter. Tahap awal dilakukan dengan pengukuran tetapan kalorimeter dan dilanjutkan pengukuran kalor pelarutan tembaga sulfat menggunakan Hukum Hess untuk menentukan kalor reaksi secara tak langsung. Hasil yang diperoleh nilai kalor pelarutan reaksi tembaga sulfat CuSO4.5H2O dan tembaga sulfat anhidrat CuSO4 masing-masing berturut-turut sebesar 723,318 J dan 748,26 J.
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Jannah, Zelika Nur, Dheasy Herawati, and Khoirul Ngibad. "REVIEW: Analisis Konsentrasi Ion Sulfat dalam Air Menggunakan Spektrofotometri." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 16, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v16i2.1907.

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Review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji metode spektrofotometri dalam pengukuran kadar sulfat dan mengkaji aplikasi metode spektrofotometri untuk pengukuran kadar sulfat yang terdapat dalam beberapa jenis sampel air. Penentuan kadar sulfat dalam air menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dapat dilakukan menggunakan reagen BaCl2 kemudian absorbansinya diukur pada panjang gelombang 420 nm. Metode spektrofotometri dapat diaplikasikan untuk penentuan konsentrasi ion sulfat dalam air sumur bor, air minum dalam kemasan, air minum isi ulang, dan air hujan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar sulfat dalam sampel air berada di bawah ambang batas. Kadar maksimum kandungan sulfat dalam air minum menurut Permenkes No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 adalah 250 mg/L dan kadar maksimum kandungan sulfat dalam air untuk keperluan higiene sanitasi menurut Permenkes No. 32 Tahun 2017 adalah 400 mg/L.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfat"

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Fernández, Palacios Eva. "Integrated assessment of long-term sulfidogenesis in UASB reactors using crude glycerol as carbon source." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670499.

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Moltes activitats industrials generen emissions que contenen compostos de sofre tant en efluents líquids com emissions gasoses, que majoritàriament són tractades mitjançant processos fisicoquímics. El sulfat es troba generalment a les aigües residuals d’aquestes indústries, com la indústria paperera, la farmacèutica, la minera o l’alimentària. Com a tal, el sulfat no és un compost nociu, però si s’aboca als rius o sistemes de clavegueram, pot generar-se un desequilibri del cicle del sofre. Dins d’aquest cicle, el producte final de la reducció de compostos és el sulfur d’hidrogen (H2S). Aquest compost és corrosiu, olorós i s’ha demostrat que és tòxic en baixes concentracions. Per aquests motius, és necessari desenvolupar alternatives respectuoses amb el medi ambient per a tractar i valoritzar no només les emissions de SO2 sinó també els efluents líquids rics en sofre. A més, podria recuperar-se sofre elemental d’aquests efluents, la qual cosa brindaria l’oportunitat de recuperar recursos en el marc de l’economia circular. Amb aquestes premisses, el projecte SONOVA, en el qual s’emmarca aquesta tesi, va desenvolupar un procés integral de tractament del SOx i el NOx provinent de gasos de combustió mitjançant processos biològics, econòmics, robustos i respectuosos amb el medi ambient que també tenen en compte la reutilització d’energia i recursos al llarg del procés, així com la valorització de residus. El procés proposat es basa en una primera doble etapa per a l’absorció selectiva de SOx i NOx; una segona etapa biològica per a reduir el sulfat de la primera etapa d’absorció a sulfur d’hidrogen (que és l’objectiu d’estudi d’aquesta tesi); i una tercera etapa biològica per a l’oxidació del sulfur d’hidrogen a sofre elemental i la seva posterior recuperació. El desenvolupament de sistemes biològics, com el reactor de llit anaerobi amb flux ascendent (UASB), han estat implementats per al tractament de diverses aigües residuals i per a la digestió anaeròbia. En aquesta tesi, s’ha estudiat l’ús d’aquest tipus de reactor UASB pel tractament d’aigües sintètiques amb sulfat, específicament, es va seleccionar el glicerol cru com a font de carboni i donador d’electrons. Es van utilitzar tant processos fisicoquímics com tècniques de biologia molecular per a obtenir un major coneixement del procés. Es va estudiar la influència de possibles inhibicions i la competència entre els bacteris reductors de sulfat i els metanògens a fi de millorar l’eliminació de sulfat i la producció de sulfur. Es va observar que en les operacions a llarg termini (després de 200 dies aproximadament) els metanògens desapareixen del sistema i els bacteris reductors del sulfat són els que colonitzen. No obstant això, es va observar una acumulació d’acetat a conseqüència de la desaparició dels metanògens, la qual cosa va donar lloc a una pèrdua de la font de carboni a la sortida del reactor que podria haver-se utilitzat per a produir sulfur. Les operacions a llarg termini permeten detectar altres limitacions del sistema. Al llarg de les operacions en UASB dutes a terme en aquesta tesi, es va observar una pèrdua de l’estructura granular i el creixement d’una biopel·lícula no metanogènica ni sulfat reductora no identificada. Aquesta biopel·lícula, anomenada slime al llarg d’aquesta tesi, es va considerar com un factor crucial que afectava el sistema biològic, conferint propietats com la viscositat al llit granular. En conseqüència, es van poder observar problemes relacionats amb la limitació de transferència de matèria, que afectava també l’activitat sulfat reductora dels grànuls i que va conduir a operacions fallides.
Muchas actividades industriales generan emisiones que contienen compuestos de azufre tanto en efluentes líquidos como emisiones gaseosas, que mayoritariamente son tratadas mediante procesos fisicoquímicos. El sulfato se encuentra generalmente en las aguas residuales de estas industrias, como la industria papelera, la farmacéutica, la minera o la alimentaria. Como tal, el sulfato no es un compuesto nocivo, pero si se vierte en los ríos o en los sistemas de alcantarillado, puede generarse un desequilibrio en el ciclo del azufre. Dentro de este ciclo, el producto final de la reducción de compuestos dentro del mismo es el sulfuro de hidrógeno (H2S). Este compuesto es corrosivo, oloroso y se ha demostrado que es tóxico en bajas concentraciones. Por estos motivos, es necesario desarrollar alternativas respetuosas con el medio ambiente para tratar y valorizar no sólo las emisiones de SO2 sino también los efluentes líquidos ricos en azufre. Además, podría recuperarse azufre elemental de esos efluentes, lo que brindaría la oportunidad de recuperar recursos en el marco de la economía circular. Con estas premisas, el proyecto SONOVA, en el cual se enmarca esta tesis, desarrolló un proceso integral de tratamiento del SOx y el NOx proveniente de gases de combustión mediante procesos biológicos, económicos, robustos y respetuosos con el medio ambiente que también tienen en cuenta la reutilización de energía y recursos a lo largo del proceso, así como la valorización de residuos. El proceso propuesto se basa en una primera doble etapa para la absorción selectiva de SOx y NOx; una segunda etapa biológica para reducir el sulfato de la primera etapa de absorción a sulfuro de hidrógeno (que es el objetivo de estudio de esta tesis); y una tercera etapa biológica para la oxidación del sulfuro de hidrógeno a azufre elemental y su posterior recuperación. El desarrollado de sistemas, como el reactor de lecho de lodo anaerobio de flujo ascendente (UASB), han sido implementados para el tratamiento de diversas aguas residuales y para la digestión anaerobia. En esta tesis, se estudió el uso de este tipo de reactor UASB para el tratamiento de aguas sintéticas con sulfato, específicamente, se seleccionó el glicerol crudo como fuente de carbono y donador de electrones. Se utilizaron tanto procesos fisicoquímicos como técnicas de biología molecular para obtener un mayor conocimiento del proceso. Se estudió la influencia de posibles inhibiciones y la competencia entre las bacterias sulfato reductoras y los metanógenos a fin de mejorar la eliminación de sulfato y la producción de sulfuro. Se observó que en las operaciones a largo plazo (después de 200 días aproximadamente) los metanógenos desaparecen del sistema y las bacterias sulfato reductoras son las que lo colonizan. Sin embargo, se observó una acumulación de acetato como consecuencia de la desaparición de los metanógenos, lo que dio lugar a una pérdida de la fuente de carbono en la salida del reactor que podría haberse utilizado para producir sulfuro. Las operaciones a largo plazo permiten detectar otras limitaciones del sistema. A lo largo de las operaciones del UASB llevadas a cabo en esta tesis, se observó una pérdida de la estructura granular y el crecimiento de una biopelícula no metanogénica ni sulfatoreductora no identificada. Esta biopelícula, llamada slime a lo largo de esta tesis, se consideró como un factor crucial que afectaba a nuestro sistema, confiriendo propiedades como la viscosidad al lodo granular. En consecuencia, se pudieron observar problemas relacionados con la limitación de transferencia de materia, que afectaba también a la actividad sulfato reductora de los gránulos y que condujo a operaciones fallidas.
Many industrial activities generate effluents containing sulfur compounds, both as liquid or gaseous emissions, which are mainly treated through physical-chemical processes. Sulfate is generally present in wastewaters coming from paper, pharmaceutical, mining or food processing industries, among others. As such, sulfate is not a harmful compound, but if it is poured into rivers or sewage systems, an imbalance in the overall sulfur cycle can be generated. Inside this cycle, the last product after the reduction of sulfur compounds is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This compound is corrosive, odorous and toxic at low concentrations. For these reasons, there is a need to develop environmentally friendly alternatives to valorize not only gaseous emissions, such as SO2 emissions, but also S-rich liquid effluents. In addition, a further recovery of elemental sulfur from these effluents could be obtained providing an opportunity to recover resources in the framework of the circular economy. With these premises, the SONOVA project, in which this thesis is enclosed, is based in the development of a comprehensive treatment process to valorize SOx and NOx from flue gases by economical, robust and environmentally friendly biological methods. It also takes into account the reuse of energy and resources along the process as well as residues valorization. The proposed process is based on a first double stage for selective absorption of SOx and NOx; a second biological step for reducing the sulfate from the first absorption stage to hydrogen sulfide (which is the focus of this thesis); and a third biological stage for the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur and its subsequent recovery. Biological-based systems, such as Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactors, have been developed and implemented world-wide to treat many types of wastewater and to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. In this thesis, the use of an UASB reactor for the treatment of synthetic wastewater with sulfate was studied, specifically selecting crude glycerol as carbon source and electron donor. Both physical-chemical processes and molecular biology techniques were used to get a broad knowledge of the anaerobic process. The influence of possible inhibitions and competition between sulfate reducers and methanogens was studied in order to improve sulfate removal and sulfide production. It was observed that in long-term operations (after 200 days approximately) methanogens were washed out from the system and sulfate reducers colonized the reactor sludge. However, acetate accumulation was observed because of the disappearance of methanogens, leading to a loss of carbon source in the outlet of the reactor that could have been used to produce sulfide in the UASB. Long-term performances allow detecting further limitations of the system. A loss of granular structure and the growth of unidentified non-sulfate reducer, non-methanogenic biofilm was observed during UASB operations along this thesis. This biofilm, called slime substance along this thesis, was found to be a crucial factor affecting our system, conferring properties such as viscosity to the sludge. Consequently, problems related to mass transfer limitations could be observed, affecting as well, the sulfate reducing activity of the granules and leading to failure operations. Finally, since the accumulation of acetate could not be avoided, experiments were designed to pursue the enrichment of acetate degrading sulfate reducing bacteria in serum bottles, with the final objective of improving sulfidogenesis. In addition, isolation of potential acetate-utilizing sulfate reducers was also pursued. Unfortunately, a culture able to perform sulfate reduction with acetate was not developed during the enrichment experiments. Therefore, further research is needed to enhance the operation in terms of organic matter consumption and sulfide productivity in the long-term.
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Green, Carsten. "Ramanspektroskopische und elektrophoretische Untersuchungen an wässrigen Sulfat- und Nitratlösungen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-diss.uni-kiel.de/diss_543/d543.pdf.

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Hoins, Ulrich. "Zur Schwermetall-Adsorption an oxidischen Oberflächen : der Einfluss von Sulfat /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9628.

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Mata, Ramirez Jorge Octavio. "Caracterización de las Transiciones de Fase de las Cerámicas Ferroeléctricas del tipo Li-sub2(MM')(SO-sub4)super2 en donde M = Na+, K+, NH-sub4+." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1257.

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El trabajo de esta tesis ha consistido en estudiar, preparar y caracterizar los compuestos pertenecientes a la familia M'M"BX-sub4, concretamente los de fórmula LiMSO-sub4, en donde M = Na+, K+ y NH-sub4+, para posteriormente estudiar los cristales mixtos de fórmula Li2MM'(SO-sub4)-super2 formados a partir de la mezcla de estos compuestos.
La caracterización de las fases puras a diferentes temperaturas se ha efectuado mediante Difracción de Rayos-X, trabajando tanto con muestras monocristalinas como con muestras en polvo y variando la temperatura de medida de los difractógramas a diferentes velocidades de calentamiento. Se han utilizado también Análisis Térmico (ATD, TG y DSC) y Dispersión Raman.
La estructura cristalina de los compuestos de la familia LiMSO-sub4 presenta una gran facilidad de rotación de los iones SO-sub4-super2- y desplazamiento de los cationes lo que facilita no sólo la aparición de numerosas transiciones de fases si no también la facilidad de producir cristales maclados y la formación de nuevas fases dependientes del proceso de crecimiento de los cristales. Se ha demostrado la aparición de nuevas fases modificando la proporción de NH-sub4+ en el proceso de cristalización del LiKSO-sub4 o cambiando la velocidad de calentamiento en el LiNH-sub4SO-sub4.
Se ha conseguido generar nuevas fases que difieren por la rotación del ion sulfato provocando fases con diferente enantiomorfismo e incluso se ha conseguido caracterizar fases formadas por la mezcla de dos tipos de dominios. Los compuestos con presencia del ion K+ son los que presentan una mayor polarización espontánea, mientras que los compuestos con mayor presencia de Na+ son los que presentan una mayor conductividad iónica.
Los diferentes tipos estructurales que presenta cada compuesto dificulta la misciblidad entre ellos, para el caso del compuesto LiKSO-sub4, una nueva transición de fase se describe a entre 226 y 268 K. La transición entre la fase V y VI es del tipo orden-desorden, mientras que las restantes transiciones estudiadas en el LiKSO-sub4 son de tipo displacivo o de desplazamiento. Mientras que las transiciones por debajo de la temperatura ambiente se caracterizan por una rotación en torno al eje c de los iones sulfatos. Todas estas transiciones presentan histéresis térmica.
Para el caso del LiNH-sub4SO-sub4 las fases que presenta por encima de la temperatura ambiente dependen de la velocidad de calentamiento y ellas son transiciones displacivas. Para el caso del LiNaSO-sub4; todas las cristalizaciones de este compuesto han sido cristales maclados. Se describe estructuralmente un nuevo compuesto de fórmula: Li-sub2-subx-Na-subx-SO-sub4 con 1 menor que "x" menor que 1.22.
Para el caso de la estructura de triple catión Li(NH-sub4)sub1-xK-subxSO-sub4 y LiNa-sub1-sub-xK-subx-SO-sub4 La miscibilidad del ión NH-sub4+ en la estructura del LiKSO-sub4 y del K+ en la estructura del LiNaSO-sub4 es muy restringida a temperatura ambiente. La formación del Li-sub-2KNH-sub4(SO-sub4)sub2 a partir de una solución acuosa a 333 K debe efectuarse mezclando en la proporción 1:9, del LiKSO-sub4 : LiNH-sub4-SO-sub4. La proporción esta definida básicamente por la mayor solubilidad del LiNH-sub4-SO-sub4 con respecto al LiKSO-sub4. La fase a temperatura ambiente es ferroeléctrica, presentando una transición Martensítica.
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Siebert, Björn. "Betonkorrosion infolge kombinierten Säure-Sulfat-Angriffs bei Oxidation von Eisendisulfiden im Baugrund." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001353641/04.

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Lamanna, William Christopher. "Functional characterization of the novel heparan sulfate 6O-endosulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989809897/04.

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Lux, Philipp Alexander. "Untersuchungen zum Anteil der Leber an der Interkonversion von Dehydroepiandrosteron und Dehydroepiandrosteron-Sulfat." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31483.

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8

Undin, Klara. "Vattenrening i textilåtervinningsindustri : Reducering av nonylfenol, bromerade flamskyddsmedel och sulfat i re:newcells processvatten." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78765.

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Kläder och textilier produceras och konsumeras i allt högre grad med stor påverkan på miljö, klimat och jordens resurser som följd. En attraktiv lösning på det är återvinning av kläder, vilket företaget re:newcell gör. Detta är en förstudie med syfte att undersöka vilka reningsmetoder re:newcell skulle kunna implementera för att förbättra sin vattenreningsprocess i framtiden. Tre ämnen vars halter i nuläget inte reduceras i reningen valdes ut till studien: nonylfenol, bromerade flamskyddsmedel och sulfat. En litteraturstudie kring dessa ämnen och möjliga reningsmetoder resulterade i att tre lämpliga reningsmetoder valdes ut till studien: ozonering, biologisk rening och jonbyte. En försöksplan utformades med målen att ta reda på (1) hur tidigare rapporterade ozondoser påverkade nonylfenolhalten i re:newcells vatten, (2) hur stor andel TOC (Total Organic Carbon) en MBBR (moving body bioreactor) kunde reducera och (3) ifall PBDE (bromerade flamskyddsmedel) och sulfat var möjliga att bryta ner med i en MBBR, (4) hur stort jonbytarfilter som skulle krävas i re:newcells process för att reducera sulfathalten samt (5) i vilken ordning reningsstegen bör implementeras i framtida reningsprocesser. Ozoneringsförsök utfördes på re:newcells laboratorium i Kristinehamn med totalt fem olika ozondoser. En biologisk MBBR utformades i laboratorium på Karlstad Universitet, där två olika uppehållstider testades för reducering av flamskyddsmedel, sulfat och TOC. Beräkningar på jonbytarfilter utfördes teoretiskt. En ozondos på 0,45 mgO3/mgCOD gav en reducering på ca 31 % och 0,75 mgO3/mgCOD gav 78 % reducering vid en nonylfenolhalt på 1100 mg/L. Resultaten från MBBR visar att bakterier trivs i re:newcells vatten och att de kunde reducera TOC med ca 50 %. Däremot kunde ingen reducering av sulfat uppmätas, vilket tyder på att ingen anaerob zon har uppstått. Halten av PBDE reducerades med ca 90 % med en uppehållstid på 45 h i MBBR, men om det beror på nedbrytning eller adsorption till slammet är inte fastställt. Resultaten från beräkningen på jonbytarfiltret visade att filtret behöver vara 5,7-15 m3 vid regenerering en gång per dygn i re:newcells nuvarande pilotskaliga process. Denna metod anses därmed inte vara en lämplig för sulfatreducering. Den framtida reningsprocessen föreslås starta med MBBR och efterföljande sedimentering, följt av kemfällning, sedimentering/flotation, sandfilter, ozonering och sist aktivkolfilter, men vidare studier rekommenderas rörande vilken ordning reningsstegen bör implementeras för optimal effekt. Vidare studier kring vilken ozondos som krävs och vilken uppehållstid som är optimal i MBBR föreslås också.
Clothes and textiles are increasingly produced and consumed causing a major impact on the environment, the climate and the earth's resources. One solution to the problem is to recycle clothes that are no longer used, which is what the company re:newcell does. This is a feasibility study aimed at investigating what purification methods re:newcell could implement to improve their water purification process in the future. Three substances not currently purified sufficiently were selected for the study: nonylphenol, brominated flame retardants and sulfate. A literature review on these substances and possible purification methods for them resulted in that the following methods were selected for the study: ozonation, biological purification and ion exchange. An experimental plan was developed with the aim of finding out (1) how previously reported ozone doses affected the nonylphenol content in re:newcell's water, (2) how much TOC an MBBR (moving body bioreactor) could reduce, (3) and whether the levels of brominated flame retardants and sulphate were possible to reduce in it,  (4) the required size of the ion exchange filter in re:newcells process to reduce sulfateand (5) the order in which the purification steps should be implemented in future purification processes. Ozonation experiments were carried out at re:newcell's laboratory in Kristinehamn with a total of five different ozone doses tested. A biological MBBR was designed in a laboratory at Karlstad University, where two different hydraulic retention times were tested for reducing flame retardants, sulfate and TOC. Calculations on ion exchange filters were performed theoretically. An ozone dose of 0.45 mgO3/mgCOD produced a reduction of about 31% and 0.75 mgO3/mgCOD produced a 78% reduction at a nonylphenol content of 1100 µg / L The results from MBBR showed that bacteria thrived in re:newcell´s water and that they can reduce TOC by about 50 %. However, reduction of sulfate could be measured, suggesting that no anaerobic zone has occured. The content of PBDE was reduced by about 90% with a hydraulic retention time of 45 hours in MBBR, but whether it is due to degradation or adsorbation to the sludge is not determined. The calculation regarding the ion exchange filter show that the filter needs to be 5,7-15 m3 when regenerated once a day in re:newcell's current pilot scale process this method is therefore not considered appropriate  for sulfate reduction for re:newcell. The future purification process is proposed to start with MBBR and subsequent sedimentation, followed by chemical precipitation, sedimentation / flotation, sand filter, ozonation and last activated carbon filter, but further studies are recommended regarding which order the purification steps should be implemented for optimal effect. Further studies on which ozone dose is required and which residence time is optimal in MBBR are also suggested.
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Siebert, Björn [Verfasser]. "Betonkorrosion infolge kombinierten Säure-Sulfat-Angriffs bei Oxidation von Eisendisulfiden im Baugrund / Björn Siebert." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/112436420X/34.

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SEGUI, P. N. "Utilização de nitrato para bioatenuação da geração de sulfeto em água produzida proveniente da extração de petróleo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3904.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:09:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_3107_Dissertao_Paula Segui.pdf: 1369579 bytes, checksum: 0a772a2ec88ad7d51bd2ea2f285962c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18
Em sistemas e processos industriais, incluindo processos de tratamento de águas residuárias e sistemas de exploração e produção de petróleo, a geração de sulfeto e a corrosão influenciada por microrganismos trazem prejuízos incalculáveis em todo mundo. A indústria de petróleo tem se empenhado em desenvolver novas tecnologias para o tratamento da água produzida, gerada nos processos de exploração, no intuito de minimizar a biocorrosão nos dutos e materiais metálicos, e os possíveis danos ambientais. O grupo de microrganismos conhecido como microrganismos redutores de sulfato (MRS) possui como principal característica a redução do sulfato a sulfeto no processo de degradação anaeróbia da matéria orgânica. Além da importância ecológica no ciclo do enxofre e do carbono, os MRS estão relacionados à corrosão microbiológica e à geração de odores, sendo que a indústria petrolífera se destaca como umas das que mais são afetadas pela atividade deste grupo de microrganismos. O nitrato é uma alternativa mais econômica em ralação aos biocidas, normalmente utilizados no tratamento da água produzida, além de não oferecer riscos ambientais. O presente trabalho avaliou a utilização de nitrato para a diminuição da geração de sulfeto por microrganismos redutores de sulfato em amostras de água produzida, fornecidas pela Petrobras. O experimento foi planejado utilizando tratamentos envolvendo três níveis de nitrato, dois níveis de acetato (presença e ausência) e três repetições, com controles de água produzida, água produzida + lodo e água produzida + lodo + acetato, totalizando 27 unidades experimentais. Os resultados indicaram que o nitrato na concentração intermediária (500 mg/L) foi suficiente para cessar a geração de sulfeto pelos microrganismos redutores de sulfato, num período entre 3 e 4 semanas após o início do experimento. Além disso, a análise estatística dos dados incluiu as amostras em que houve adição de acetato, como aumento da fonte de carbono, num mesmo grupo de médias em relação às mesmas amostras, porém, sem a adição de acetato.
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Books on the topic "Sulfat"

1

Noor, Muhammad. Lahan rawa: Sifat dan pengelolaan tanah bermasalah sulfat masam. Jakarta: Divisi Buku Perguruan Tinggi, RajaGrafindo Persada, 2004.

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Krause, Eberhard. The oxidation of ferrous sulfate solutions by sulfur dioxide and oxygen. Waterloo, Ont: University of Waterloo, 1988.

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Ragin, Margaret M. Recovery of sulfur from phosphogypsum: Conversion of calcium sulfate to calcium sulfide. Washington, D.C. (2401 E St., N.W., MS #9800, Washington 20241): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1990.

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Ragin, Margaret M. Recovery of sulfur from phosphogypsum: Conversion of calcium sulfate to calcium sulfide. Pgh. [i.e. Pittsburgh] PA: United States Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1990.

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Sulṭat al-sīnimā-- sulṭat al-raqābah. al-Haram, al-Jīzah: Wakālat al-Ṣiḥāfah al-ʻArabīyah, 1999.

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Fuʾād, Amal ʻIryān. Sulṭat al-sīnimā-- sulṭat al-raqābah. al-Jīzah: Wikālat al-Ṣiḥāfah al-ʻArabīyah, 1999.

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Akūyandī, Sālim. Sulṭat al-masraḥ. Marrākush: Dār Walīlī, 2000.

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Sulṭat al-faḥṣ. Umm Durmān: Markaz Muḥammad ʻUmar Bashīr lil-Dirāsāt al-Sūdānīyah, Jāmiʻat Umm Durmān al-Ahlīyah, 2007.

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Barton, Larry L., ed. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1582-5.

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Sulṭat al-naṣṣ. al-Jazāʼir: Manshūrāt al-Ikhtilāf, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfat"

1

Pohling, Rolf. "Sulfat." In Chemische Reaktionen in der Wasseranalyse, 325–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36354-2_38.

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Schmidt, K. L. "Trinkkuren mit Sulfat- und Bikarbonatwässern, Jodquellen, Spurenelemente." In Kompendium der Balneologie und Kurortmedizin, 205–12. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85380-7_17.

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Neumann, Regina, B. Biedermann, H. Schubert, P. König, H. Pfolz, H. Schultes, and M. Klaus. "Behandlung von tardiven Dyskinesien mit Amantadin-Sulfat." In Aktuelle Probleme der Schizophrenie, 55–66. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9218-4_5.

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Classen, A., A. Hesse, R. M. Schaefer, and W. Miersch. "Ionenchromatographische Bestimmung von Phosphat und Sulfat im Harn." In Fortschritte der Urologie und Nephrologie, 91–95. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72416-9_21.

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Heldt, Hans Walter, and Birgit Piechulla. "12 Die Assimilation von Sulfat ermöglicht die Synthese schwefelhaltiger Verbindungen." In Pflanzenbiochemie, 309–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44398-9_13.

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Brasch, J., D. Becker, and I. Effendy. "Reproduzierbarkeit von Epikutantestungen mit Natriumlauryl-sulfat bei verblindeter klinischer Ablesung — eine DKG-Studie." In Dermatologie an der Schwelle zum neuen Jahrtausend, 147–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57191-6_42.

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Müller, W. E., J. G. Filser, J. Spira, M. Fischer, and W. F. Gattaz. "Untersuchungen zur Frage eines zentralen oder peripheren Ursprungs von MHPG-Sulfat und MHPG-Glukuronid." In Biologische Psychiatrie, 230–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72922-5_51.

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Knauff, Udo, and Heinrich W. Scherer. "Beziehungen zwischen pH-Wert, Sulfat- und Nitratkonzentrationen und der Arylsulfatase-Aktivität in der Rhizosphäre." In Stoffumsatz im wurzelnahen Raum, 83–90. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-91134-6_11.

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Kurmanbayeva, Assylay, Galina Brychkova, Aizat Bekturova, Inna Khozin, Dominic Standing, Dmitry Yarmolinsky, and Moshe Sagi. "Determination of Total Sulfur, Sulfate, Sulfite, Thiosulfate, and Sulfolipids in Plants." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 253–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7136-7_15.

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Rabus, Ralf, Theo A. Hansen, and Friedrich Widdel. "Dissimilatory Sulfate- and Sulfur-Reducing Prokaryotes." In The Prokaryotes, 309–404. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30141-4_70.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfat"

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Shifler, David A. "The Increasing Complexity of Hot Corrosion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65281.

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It has been conjectured that if sulfur in fuel is removed, engine materials will cease to experience attack from hot corrosion, since this sulfur has been viewed as the primary cause of hot corrosion and sulfidation. Historically, hot corrosion has been defined as an accelerated degradation process that generally involves deposition of corrosive species (e.g., sulfates) from the surrounding environment (e.g., combustion gas) onto the surface of hot components, resulting in destruction of the protective oxide scale. Most papers in the literature, since the 1970s, consider sodium sulfate salt as the single specie contributing to hot corrosion. Recent Navy standards for Navy F-76 and similar fuels have dropped the sulfur content down to 15 parts per million (ppm). Most observers believe that the removal of sulfur will end hot corrosion events in the Fleet. However, the deposit chemistry influencing hot corrosion is known to be much more complex consisting of multiple sulfates and silicates. Sulfur species may still enter the combustion chamber via ship’s air intake, which may include seawater entrained in the air. In addition to sodium sulfate, seawater contains magnesium, calcium and potassium salts, and atmospheric contaminants that may contribute to hot corrosion. This paper will cover some of the revised understanding of hot corrosion and consider other possible contaminants that could further complicate a full understanding of hot corrosion.
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Katsev, Sergei, Mojtaba Fakhraee, Emily Hyde, Madelyn Petersen, Cody Sheik, and Kathryn Schreiner. "Sulfide, Sulfite, and Sulfate Production from Organic Sulfur in Archean Oceans and Modern Lakes." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1256.

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Zavahir, Fathima Sifani, Tasneem ElMakki, Mona Gulied, Khulood Logade, Konstantinos Kakosimos, and Dong Suk Han. "Sustainable Hybrid System for Simultaneous Desalting of Liquid Fertilizer and Fuel Generation." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0032.

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The constant utilization of hydrocarbon-based fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas has resulted in the detection of high concentration levels of sulfur containing gases in the atmosphere of many countries, including Qatar. Among those potential air pollutants, the rising concentrations of H2S and SO2 are of serious concern. In this work, sulfur-based seed solutions (SBSSs) such as sulfite or sulfide solutions are made by purging sulfur-containing gases released from industry into alkaline solutions. These SBSS solutions are simultaneously utilized towards the production of renewable hydrogen energy via a photoelectrochemical (PEC) process, and are used as draw solutions (DS) to produce diluted fertilizer water by a forward osmosis (FO) desalination process for agricultural irrigation purposes. The continuous bench scale of the integrated PEC-FDFO system was successfully demonstrated for simultaneous hydrogen production and dilution of SBSS DS. The experimental results showed that the reduction potential of SBSS DS in the PEC cell changes with variation of SBSS DS concentration and pH. This resulted in the continuous oxidation of sulfite into sulfate and led to more hydrogen production. Moreover, FDFO process exhibited high percentage of water recovery and DS dilution up to 80% and 68% at high SBSS DS concentration, respectively. In binary mixture of SBSS DS, increasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 led to high water flux to about 42%. The outcomes of this experimental study showed a successful practical continuous integrated system toward hydrogen production and fertigation.
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T-Raissi, Ali, Nazim Z. Muradov, Cunping Huang, Olawale Adebiyi, Robin W. Taylor, and Roger L. Davenport. "Hydrogen From Solar Via Light-Assisted High-Temperature Water-Splitting Cycles." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76021.

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Hydrogen production from solar-driven thermochemical water splitting cycles (TCWSCs) provides an approach that is energy efficient and environmentally attractive. Of particular interest are TCWSCs that utilize both thermal (i.e. high temperature) and light (i.e. quantum) components of the solar resource, boosting the overall solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency compared to those with heat-only energy input. We have analyzed two solar-driven TCWSCs: 1) carbon dioxide (CO2)/carbon monoxide cycle; and 2) sulfur dioxide (SO2)/sulfuric acid cycle. The first cycle is based on the premise that CO2 becomes susceptible to near-ultraviolet and even visible radiation at high temperatures (greater than 1300K). The second cycle is a modification of the well-known Westinghouse hybrid cycle, wherein the electrochemical step is replaced by a photocatalytic step. At the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a novel hybrid photo-thermochemical sulfur-ammonia (S-A) cycle has been developed. The main reaction (unique to FSEC’s S-A cycle) is the light-induced photocatalytic production of hydrogen and ammonium sulfate from an aqueous ammonium sulfite solution. Ammonium sulfate product is processed to generate oxygen and recover ammonia and SO2 that are then recycled and reacted with water to regenerate the ammonium sulfite. Experimental data for verification of the concept are provided.
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Shifler, David A. "The Increasing Complexity of Corrosion in Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90111.

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Abstract Removal of fuel sulfur assumes that hot corrosion events will subsequently end in shipboard and aero gas turbine engines. Most papers in the literature since the 1970s consider Na2SO4 and SO3 as the primary reactants causing hot corrosion. However, several geographical sites around the world have relatively high pollutant levels (particulate matter, SO2, etc.) that have the potential to initiate high-temperature corrosion. The deposit chemistry influencing hot corrosion is more complex consisting of multiple sulfates and silicates with the addition of chlorides in a marine environment. Sulfur species may still enter a ship combustion chamber as contaminants via air intake or with seawater entrained in air entering through the ship air intake. High levels of impurities (SO2) above 2 ppm can lead to hot corrosion attack. Research is needed to determine how sulfate salt mixtures and air impurities influence hot corrosion in marine and non-marine conditions. Other impurities such as phosphorus, lead, chlorides, sand, and unburned carbon may lower salt melting temperatures, alter the sulfate activity, or change the solution chemistry and acidity/basicity that leads to accelerating hot corrosion. Other issues need to be considered in non-metallic materials system.
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Labotka, Dana, Samuel V. Panno, and Randy Locke. "A SULFATE CONUNDRUM: DISSOLVED SULFATES OF DEEP-SALINE BRINES AND CARBONATE ASSOCIATED SULFATES." In 50th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016nc-275309.

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Simon, Adam C., Brian A. Konecke, and Adrian Fiege. "SULFIDE, SULFITE AND SULFATE IN APATITE: A NEW OXYBAROMETER." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-324046.

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Lee, Heung N., Sang-Hoon Kang, Hong Joo Ahn, Wook Hyun Sohn, and Kwang Yong Jee. "Determination of 35S in Radioisotope Wastes by a Wet Oxidation." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7291.

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The oxidation studies of a sulfur to a sulfate ion by various oxyhalide oxidants in organic (thiourea, methionine) and inorganic (sulfate, thiophosphate) compounds were carried out in an acidic solution. The optimized result of the oxidation reaction was obtained when a bromate compound (BrO3−) as an oxidant and a 3 M HNO3 solvent. The chemical yield for the oxidation of the organic and inorganic sulfur compounds to a sulfate ion was monitored as 80% for thiophosphate, 87% for methionine, and 100% for thiourea and sulfate within 5% RSD. The oxidation of thiourea required at least 1.6 equivalents of the bromate in an acidic solution. In the case of the oxidation of methionine and thiophosphate, the oxidation yield was above 80% if the bromate was used at 20 times that of the substrates. The chemical yield in the paper sample (WypAll) exceeded 100% because of its background sulfur contents (910 ppm). The sulfate ion was quantitatively measured by using GPC and/or LSC counting of 35S followed by precipitates of BaSO4. The interfering nuclides (14C, 32P) were removed in an acidic condition. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 35S was found to be 0.1 Bq/g.
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Hong, W., B. Zhang, H. Zhang, X. H. Zhao, J. W. Gao, F. Mi, and C. R. Yang. "Research on Rapid Detection Method of Sulfate Sulfur in Coal." In 17th–18th Annual Conference and 6th–7th International Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro-Nano Technology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813232808_0018.

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Casu, B., L. Marchese, A. Naggi, G. Torri, J. Fareed, A. Racanelli, and J. M. Walenga. "INFLUENCE OF THE SULFATION PATTERN ON CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GALACTOSAMINOGLYCANS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643251.

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In order to investigate the influence of charge distribution and chain length on the biological properties of sulfated polysaccharides, additional sulfate groups were introduced into the galactosaminoglycans, chondriotin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Using a flexible method (with sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid) for concurrent sulfation and controlled depolymerization, numerous products were obtained and characterized by chemical, enzymatic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods. The biologic actions of these products were profiled in both in vitro and in vivo assays for antithrombotic activity. Despite a weaker in vitro anticoagulant activity, low molecular weight over sulfated galactosaminoglycans produced significant dose-dependent antithrombotic actions in animal models which were similar to the actions observed with oversulfated low molecular weight heparins. These results suggest that a significant antithrombotic activity can be elicited through non-specific interactions of polysulfates with cellular and plasma components, and that clusters of sulfate groups such as the 4-6 disulfate group on D-galactosaminoglycan residues may be important for these interactions. Furthermore, these results, also suggest that supersulfation of glycosaminogly-cans results in products with biologic activity distinct from the native material.
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Reports on the topic "Sulfat"

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David, Mark B., George Z. Gernter, David F. Grigal, and Lewis F. Ohmann. Sulfur accumulation and atmospherically deposited sulfate in the Lake States. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rp-290.

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Karpen-Hayes, K. The production of sulfate particles through the radiolytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5052635.

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Schiozer, Adriana Lopes. Quaternary liquid/liquid equilibria of sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite and water with two solvents: Acetone and 2-propanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157646.

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Lesht, B. M., and J. D. Shannon. The relationship between in-lake sulfate concentration and estimates of atmospheric sulfur deposition for subregions of the eastern lake survey. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6284208.

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Ponnersheim, James M. Sulfate diffusion in concrete. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5361.

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Merrill, R. A., K. F. Whittington, and R. D. Peters. Vitrification of high sulfate wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107401.

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Kalensky, M., S. Chemerisov, A. J. Youker, A. Hebden, P. Tkac, V. Makarashvili, E. Krahn, et al. Radio of Nitrate and Sulfate Solutions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1130737.

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Bliss, Mary. Gaseous Sulfate Solubility in Glass: Experimental Method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113600.

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Martin, P. F. C., and R. O. Lokken. Characterization of phosphate/sulfate waste grout cores. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191613.

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Santos, Iranildes, and Eduardo Brocchi. Projeto decomposição redutora de sulfato de magnésio. ITV, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29223/prod.tec.itv.mi.2020.34.brocchi.

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