Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulfate(alkyl)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfate(alkyl)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Sulfate(alkyl).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Sulfate(alkyl)"

1

SONG, SHAOXIAN, and YIMIN ZHANG. "STABILITY OF COLLOIDAL ALUMINA DISPERSION IN AQUEOUS ALKYL SULFATE SOLUTIONS." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 03 (June 2007): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x0700961x.

Full text
Abstract:
Coagulation of colloidal alumina in aqueous solutions in the absence or presence of alkyl sulfates has been studied by means of measurements of electrokinetics, adsorption, and coagulate size in this work. The experimental results showed that the coagulation of colloidal alumina in aqueous alkyl sulfate solutions was much stronger than that in aqueous electrolytic solutions. It closely correlated with particle hydrophobicity rendered by the adsorption of alkyl sulfate anions on alumina/water interfaces, indicating hydrophobic coagulation. Also, it has been found that the hydrocarbon chain length of alkyl sulfate strongly influences the hydrophobic coagulation. The longer the chain, the stronger the coagulation and the lower the alkyl sulfate concentration needed for achieving the maximum coagulation degree.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lee, Haeri, Dongwon Kim, Hyejin Oh, and Ok-Sang Jung. "Molecular balloon, Pd6L8 cages: recognition of alkyl sulfate surfactants." Chemical Communications 56, no. 19 (2020): 2841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09742b.

Full text
Abstract:
Significant structural contraction and expansion of flexible Pd6L8 cages by encapsulation of alkyl sulfate were demonstrated. The contact angles on the fine-ground microcrystal layers shift according to the chain length of the alkyl sulfate.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fiume, Monice, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, Curtis D. Klaassen, James G. Marks, Ronald C. Shank, Thomas J. Slaga, Paul W. Snyder, and F. Alan Andersen. "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate and Related Alkyl Sulfates as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 3_suppl (May 2010): 115S—132S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810364665.

Full text
Abstract:
Sodium cetearyl sulfate is the sodium salt of a mixture of cetyl and stearyl sulfate. The other ingredients in this safety assessment are also alkyl salts, including ammonium coco-sulfate, ammonium myristyl sulfate, magnesium coco-sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium coco/hydrogenated tallow sulfate, sodium coco-sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium ethylhexyl sulfate, sodium myristyl sulfate, sodium oleyl sulfate, sodium stearyl sulfate, sodium tallow sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, and zinc coco-sulfate. These ingredients are surfactants used at concentrations from 0.1% to 29%, primarily in soaps and shampoos. Many of these ingredients are not in current use. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel previously completed a safety assessment of sodium and ammonium lauryl sulfate. The data available for sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate provide sufficient basis for concluding that sodium cetearyl sulfate and related alkyl sulfates are safe in the practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vass, Szabolcs. "Structure of sodium alkyl sulfate micelles." Structural Chemistry 2, no. 3-4 (1991): (167)375—(189)397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00672232.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yan, Peng, and Jin-Xin Xiao. "Polymer–surfactant interaction: differences between alkyl sulfate and alkyl sulfonate." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 244, no. 1-3 (September 2004): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.06.023.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pogorevc, Mateja, and Kurt Faber. "Purification and Characterization of an Inverting Stereo- and Enantioselective sec-Alkylsulfatase from the Gram-Positive Bacterium Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 5 (May 2003): 2810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.5.2810-2815.2003.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Whole cells of Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 were found to hydrolyze (±)-2-octyl sulfate in a stereo- and enantiospecific fashion. When growing on a complex medium, the cells produced two sec-alkylsulfatases and (at least) one prim-alkylsulfatase in the absence of an inducer, such as a sec-alkyl sulfate or a sec-alcohol. From the crude cell-free lysate, two proteins responsible for sulfate ester hydrolysis (designated RS1 and RS2) were separated from each other based on their different hydrophobicities and were subjected to further chromatographic purification. In contrast to sulfatase RS1, enzyme RS2 proved to be reasonably stable and thus could be purified to homogeneity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single band at a molecular mass of 43 kDa. Maximal enzyme activity was observed at 30°C and at pH 7.5. Sulfatase RS2 showed a clear preference for the hydrolysis of linear secondary alkyl sulfates, such as 2-, 3-, or 4-octyl sulfate, with remarkable enantioselectivity (an enantiomeric ratio of up to 21 [23]). Enzymatic hydrolysis of (R)-2-octyl sulfate furnished (S)-2-octanol without racemization, which revealed that the enzymatic hydrolysis proceeded through inversion of the configuration at the stereogenic carbon atom. Screening of a broad palette of potential substrates showed that the enzyme exhibited limited substrate tolerance; while simple linear sec-alkyl sulfates (C7 to C10) were freely accepted, no activity was found with branched and mixed aryl-alkyl sec-sulfates. Due to the fact that prim-sulfates were not accepted, the enzyme was classified as sec-alkylsulfatase (EC 3.1.6.X).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Xu, Li Ping, and Xin Wang. "Evaluation the Effect of Anti-Oxidation of Chondroitin Sulfate." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.793.

Full text
Abstract:
Study of the antioxidant activity of chondroitin sulfate extracted from chicken cartilage. The total antioxidant capacity, inhibition the capacity of anti-superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, anti-liposome and Alkyl radical was determined, respectively; the effect of the anti-oxidation of chondroitin sulfate was observed. The result indicated that chondroitin sulfate had the strong elimination ability to the five free radicals. The ability of total antioxidant the values of scavenging activities of the maximum inhibition rate to anti-superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, anti-liposome and alkyl radical was 30.56 U/mL, 97.74%, 80.69% ,48.05% and 78.57%, respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Naydenov, Deyan, Hans Hasse, Gerd Maurer, and Hans-Jörg Bart. "Esterifications in Ionic Liquids with 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Cation and Hydrogen Sulfate Anion: Conversion and Phase Equilibrium." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (May 28, 2009): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123100903010017.

Full text
Abstract:
The esterification of ethanol, 1-propanol and 1-butanol with acetic acid in three ionic liquids with HSO4 - anion and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation was investigated. The ionic liquids are 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [HMIM][HSO4], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [BMIM][HSO4], which have catalytic activity. Data and modeling on the reaction conversions and the distribution of the compounds between the phases is reported here. Trends for the change in the liquid-liquid equilibrium, with parameters like alkyl chain length on the cation or the alcohol, are discussed and used to estimate the phase behavior of similar esterification systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kraïem, Jamil, and Thierry Ollevier. "Atom economical synthesis of N-alkylbenzamides via the iron(iii) sulfate catalyzed rearrangement of 2-alkyl-3-aryloxaziridines in water and in the presence of a surfactant." Green Chemistry 19, no. 5 (2017): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc03589b.

Full text
Abstract:
A green preparation of N-alkylbenzamides involves synthesis of 2-alkyl-3-aryloxaziridines from N-alkylamines and benzaldehydes followed by iron(iii) sulfate catalyzed rearrangement to the corresponding amides in water and in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Watson, KG, and A. Serban. "Evaluation of the Elbs Persulfate Oxidation Reaction for the Preparation of Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 48, no. 8 (1995): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9951503.

Full text
Abstract:
A new, simple method for the preparation of several 4-( aryloxy )phenols (2a-d) and alkyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionates (3a,b) is described. These compounds are key precursors for the synthesis of important aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides (1a-d). The method uses the Elbs persulfate oxidation to convert phenol into 4-hydroxyphenyl sulfate (5). The free hydroxy group is then reacted with various aryl halides and alkyl 2-halopropionates. Mild hydrolysis of the sulfate group with boiling acetic acid then gives the products (2a-d) and (3a,b), generally in modest to good yield.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfate(alkyl)"

1

Yu, Quanwei. "Ionene and ionene alkyl sulfate stoichiometric complexes." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1099409249500-35629.

Full text
Abstract:
Stoichiometric polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes represent a type of comb-shaped polymers, in which every polymer chain unit has an electrostatically bound "side chain". These complexes are water-insoluble. In the solid state they assemble spontaneously into mesogenic structures. The [X,Y]-ionenes ([(CH2)XN+(CH3)2(CH2)YN+(CH3)2]nBr-2n) investigated formed stoichiometric complexes with alkyl sulfates. The ionene alkyl sulfate complexes display mesogenicity, i.e. optically isotropic dry complexes underwent lyotropic and thermotropic phase transitions to the optically anisotropic phase (and vice versa) under controlled relative humidity. The optically anisotropic phases exhibited hexagonal textures as revealed by polarizing microscopy. A new feature is the lyotropic transition brought about by the uptake of water through the gas phase. The complexes were all sensitive to both humidity and temperature. In principle, the effects can be applied to measure humidity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Menzies, Jennifer Z. "An Evaluation of Biodegradation Rates and Pathways of High Volume Surfactants in the Sewer System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439301189.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Vinçon-Laugier, Arnauld. "Influence des paramètres environnementaux sur la biosynthèse d’éthers de glycérol bactériens : étude de modèles biologiques et exemples d’applications (paléo)environnementales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1081/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Certaines Bacteria synthétisent des phospholipides particuliers dont la structure possède des caractéristiques communes aux lipides des Bacteria et des Archaea : les éthers de glycérol bactériens (AGE). Le caractère singulier de ces lipides et leur structure chimique thermostable leur permettent d'être assez bien préservés dans l'environnement à la mort des cellules, et suggèrent leur potentiel à constituer de bons marqueurs biogéochimiques et/ou environnementaux. Cependant, très peu d'informations sont actuellement disponibles concernant les modes de formation et le rôle des AGE dans les membranes bactériennes. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié la composition lipidique de différentes souches pures de bactéries anaérobies sulfato-réductrices capables de synthétiser des AGE et cultivées dans différentes conditions contrôlées de température, pH et salinité. Diverses modifications structurales des AGE ont notamment été mises en évidence en réponse à des variations des conditions de croissance, dont certaines spécifiques d'une adaptation, et linéairement corrélées, à la température ou à la salinité. Les différents résultats démontrent l'implication des AGE dans l'adaptation membranaire en réponse à des variations physico-chimiques du milieu, et permettent d'envisager l'utilisation de la distribution structurale des AGE dans des échantillons naturels comme indicateur de conditions environnementales. L'analyse de la composition en AGE d'échantillons issus de différents écosystèmes actuels et anciens, caractérisés par des conditions environnementales contrastées a permis de vérifier le potentiel de certains AGE à être utilisés comme indicateurs de variations de conditions (paléo)environnementales
Some Bacteria synthesize particular phospholipids, called glycerol ether lipids (AGE) which have a chemical structure at the intersection of the Bacteria and Archea domains. The singular nature of these lipids and their thermostable chemical structure allow them to be well preserved in the environment following bacterial lysis, and suggest their potential to constitute good biogeochemical and/or environmental biomarkers. However, very little information is currently available concerning the modes of formation and the role of AGEs in bacterial membranes. In this thesis, we studied the lipid composition of various pure strains of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria able to synthesize AGEs, grown under various controlled conditions of temperature, pH and salinity. Various structural modifications of AGE were observed in response to variations in growth conditions, some of which being specific to, and linearly correlated with, changes in temperature or salinity. The results demonstrate the involvement of AGEs in membrane adaptation to changes in the physico-chemical conditions, and suggest the use of the structural distribution of AGEs in natural samples as an indicator of environmental conditions. The analysis of the AGE content of samples from different actual and past ecosystems, allowed confirming the potential of AGEs to be used as indicators of variations of (paleo)environmental conditions
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Rivera, Santillan Rosa Elva. "Flottation ionique des cations métalliques par les collecteurs à longue chaîne : Application aux ions BA**(2+) et GA**(3+)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10241.

Full text
Abstract:
Récupération du baryum à partir du milieu aqueux par flottation ionique utilisant des alkylbenzène-sulfonates de sodium. Récupération du gallium, par flottation ionique en utilisant des alkylsulfates de sodium en milieu acide, et des collecteurs à fonction oxine en milieu basique
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ungewiß, Jan. "Quantitative Bestimmung von kosmetischen Wirk- und Pflegesubstanzen auf dem Haar." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1118683820205-66944.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was the development of analytical methods which can be used for gaining a deeper insight into the mechanisms of hair treatment with cosmetic formulations like shampoos. The efficacy of such a formulation is affected by the amount of different active agents remaining on the hair after treatment. Due to the complex composition of most of the formulations various dependencies and interactions of the ingredients are possible. Beneath that a variety of parameters of the treatment process influence the substantivity. Finally the degree of hair damage present at the treatment process is significant. So the process of hair treatment with cosmetic formulations is very complex. The understanding of this process enables a systematic development of products with better or novel effectivity. The developed analytical methods provide the possibility of a parallel determination of different active agents and their interaction of the adsorption behaviour. Furthermore the determination of influencing variables like treatment conditions or hair damage can be performed. So it is possible to generate the knowledge necessary for excellent scientific product development. The general methodology for the method development consists of an extraction from hair followed by a selective and sensitive quantitation of the active agents located in the extract using LC/MS and LC/MS/MS. Analytical methods for the determination of the complex composed surface active agents Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine and Alkyl Polyglucoside were developed. During the evaluation process it could be figured out that significant swelling of the hair fibre does not occur during a hair wash lasting 2 min or less. Hence the active agents are mainly adsorbed at the hair surface. During method development it was found that the composition of these agents is changing during hair treatment resulting in a difference of the singles substance distribution on hair and in the shampoo. Additionally an analytical method for selective and sensitive quantitation of the cationic polysaccharides Polyquaternium-10 and Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride using LC/MS was developed. The parallel quantitation of Polyquaternium-10 and Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride enables to study their interaction of the adsorption behaviour. Beneath that the quantitation of substances with low active contentes, like Ubiquinone 50, Piroctone Olamine and Benzophenone?4, was carried out. The extraction behaviour of these substances showed that an extraction time of 7 min assisted by an ultrasonic treatment is optimal. Longer extraction leads to a significant increase of the active hair surface due to swelling. The result is a higher adsorption capacity of the hair fibre and thus a decreased analyte concentration in the extract. The reproducibility of the using treatment protocol was approved by parallel quantitation of several active agents. Due to variation of several treatment parameters their influence on substantivity was studied: the flow rate, temperature and hardness of the water for rinsing and the time for massaging in the formulation. Furthermore, it was shown that the degree of hair damage and further shampoo ingredients influence the substantivity of active agents. Finally it was demonstrated that the adsorption behaviour can be significantly influenced by the application strategy
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, mit der Entwicklung von analytischen Methoden eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, um die Mechanismen bei der Haarbehandlung mit kosmetischen Formulierungen, wie Shampoos besser verstehen zu können. Die Pflegeleistung einer solchen Formulierung wird unter anderem davon bestimmt, wie viel der unterschiedlichen eingesetzten Wirkstoffe nach der Behandlung auf dem Haar verbleiben. Durch die Komplexität der kosmetischen Formulierungen kommt es zu vielfältigen Abhängigkeiten und Beeinflussungen der Substantivität der einzelnen Substanzen voneinander. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Vielzahl von Parametern bei der Haarbehandlung, die die Substantivität beeinflussen. Schließlich spielt auch der Zustand des Haares eine entscheidende Rolle. Alles in allem handelt es sich bei der Behandlung des Haares mit kosmetischen Formulierungen um sehr komplexe Prozesse. Das Verständnis dieser Prozesse ermöglicht eine gezielte Entwicklung von Produkten mit besserem und zum Teil neuartigem Leistungsspektrum. Die entwickelten Analysenmethoden erlauben die parallele Bestimmung der auf dem Haar adsorbierten Menge verschiedener Wirkstoffe. Dadurch kann die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Wirkstoffadsorption untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das Methodenspektrum eine Bestimmung der Einflussgröße äußerer Parameter, wie der Waschbedingungen und innerer Parameter, wie der Haarschädigung. Damit ist es möglich, das notwendige Wissen für eine fortschrittliche, wissenschaftliche Produktentwicklung zu gewinnen. Der allgemeine Ansatz für die Entwicklung der Methoden beinhaltet eine Extraktion der Wirkstoffe vom Haar, gefolgt von einer selektiven und empfindlichen Quantifizierung im Extrakt mittels LC-MS und LC-MS/MS. Es wurden Analysenmethoden für die komplex zusammengesetzten oberflächenaktiven Wirkstoffe Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine und Alkyl Polyglucoside entwickelt. Dabei wurde durch Untersuchungen der Extraktion vom Haar bewiesen, dass die zweiminütige Haarwäsche nicht zu einem signifikanten Aufquellen des Haares führt, so dass die Wirkstoffe hauptsächlich an der Haaroberfläche adsorbiert werden. Außerdem wurde gezeigt, dass sich die Zusammensetzung dieser Wirkstoffe während der Haarwäsche ändert, so dass sich die Einzelsubstanzverteilung auf dem Haar von der im Shampoo unterscheidet. Des Weiteren wurde die selektive und empfindliche Quantifizierung der kationischen Polymere Polyquaternium-10 und Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride durchgeführt. Die parallele Quantifizierung beider Konditionierungsstoffe ermöglicht die Untersuchung, in welchem Umfang sich beide Polymere in ihrem Adsorptionsverhalten beeinflussen. Bei der Methodenentwicklung für die Quantifizierung der Wirkstoffe Ubiquinone, Piroctone Olamine und Benzophenone-4 zeigte sich, dass eine Extraktion über 7 min im Ultraschallbad die besten Ergebnisse brachte. Bei längerer Extraktionszeit vergrößert sich die Oberfläche des Haares durch Quellung, so dass sich der Anteil an adsorbierten Analyten wieder erhöht. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Haarwäsche mit dem verwendeten Waschprotokoll wurde bestätigt, indem verschiedene Wirkstoffe parallel auf dem Haar quantifiziert wurden. Durch Veränderung der Waschparameter Einmassierzeit sowie Durchflussmenge, Temperatur und Härte des Spülwassers wurde der Einfluss dieser Parameter auf die Substantivität der Wirkstoffe untersucht. Darüber wurde gezeigt, dass sowohl der Schädigungsgrad des Haares als auch andere auf dem Haar befindliche Shampoo-Bestandteile einen Einfluss auf die Substantivität von Wirkstoffen haben. Schließlich wurde an einem Beispiel gezeigt, dass man die Substantivität von Wirkstoffen nicht nur durch die Zusammensetzung der kosmetischen Formulierung, sondern auch durch die Art der Anwendung entscheidend beeinflussen kann
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ungewiß, Jan. "Quantitative Bestimmung von kosmetischen Wirk- und Pflegesubstanzen auf dem Haar." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25018.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was the development of analytical methods which can be used for gaining a deeper insight into the mechanisms of hair treatment with cosmetic formulations like shampoos. The efficacy of such a formulation is affected by the amount of different active agents remaining on the hair after treatment. Due to the complex composition of most of the formulations various dependencies and interactions of the ingredients are possible. Beneath that a variety of parameters of the treatment process influence the substantivity. Finally the degree of hair damage present at the treatment process is significant. So the process of hair treatment with cosmetic formulations is very complex. The understanding of this process enables a systematic development of products with better or novel effectivity. The developed analytical methods provide the possibility of a parallel determination of different active agents and their interaction of the adsorption behaviour. Furthermore the determination of influencing variables like treatment conditions or hair damage can be performed. So it is possible to generate the knowledge necessary for excellent scientific product development. The general methodology for the method development consists of an extraction from hair followed by a selective and sensitive quantitation of the active agents located in the extract using LC/MS and LC/MS/MS. Analytical methods for the determination of the complex composed surface active agents Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine and Alkyl Polyglucoside were developed. During the evaluation process it could be figured out that significant swelling of the hair fibre does not occur during a hair wash lasting 2 min or less. Hence the active agents are mainly adsorbed at the hair surface. During method development it was found that the composition of these agents is changing during hair treatment resulting in a difference of the singles substance distribution on hair and in the shampoo. Additionally an analytical method for selective and sensitive quantitation of the cationic polysaccharides Polyquaternium-10 and Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride using LC/MS was developed. The parallel quantitation of Polyquaternium-10 and Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride enables to study their interaction of the adsorption behaviour. Beneath that the quantitation of substances with low active contentes, like Ubiquinone 50, Piroctone Olamine and Benzophenone?4, was carried out. The extraction behaviour of these substances showed that an extraction time of 7 min assisted by an ultrasonic treatment is optimal. Longer extraction leads to a significant increase of the active hair surface due to swelling. The result is a higher adsorption capacity of the hair fibre and thus a decreased analyte concentration in the extract. The reproducibility of the using treatment protocol was approved by parallel quantitation of several active agents. Due to variation of several treatment parameters their influence on substantivity was studied: the flow rate, temperature and hardness of the water for rinsing and the time for massaging in the formulation. Furthermore, it was shown that the degree of hair damage and further shampoo ingredients influence the substantivity of active agents. Finally it was demonstrated that the adsorption behaviour can be significantly influenced by the application strategy.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, mit der Entwicklung von analytischen Methoden eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, um die Mechanismen bei der Haarbehandlung mit kosmetischen Formulierungen, wie Shampoos besser verstehen zu können. Die Pflegeleistung einer solchen Formulierung wird unter anderem davon bestimmt, wie viel der unterschiedlichen eingesetzten Wirkstoffe nach der Behandlung auf dem Haar verbleiben. Durch die Komplexität der kosmetischen Formulierungen kommt es zu vielfältigen Abhängigkeiten und Beeinflussungen der Substantivität der einzelnen Substanzen voneinander. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Vielzahl von Parametern bei der Haarbehandlung, die die Substantivität beeinflussen. Schließlich spielt auch der Zustand des Haares eine entscheidende Rolle. Alles in allem handelt es sich bei der Behandlung des Haares mit kosmetischen Formulierungen um sehr komplexe Prozesse. Das Verständnis dieser Prozesse ermöglicht eine gezielte Entwicklung von Produkten mit besserem und zum Teil neuartigem Leistungsspektrum. Die entwickelten Analysenmethoden erlauben die parallele Bestimmung der auf dem Haar adsorbierten Menge verschiedener Wirkstoffe. Dadurch kann die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Wirkstoffadsorption untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das Methodenspektrum eine Bestimmung der Einflussgröße äußerer Parameter, wie der Waschbedingungen und innerer Parameter, wie der Haarschädigung. Damit ist es möglich, das notwendige Wissen für eine fortschrittliche, wissenschaftliche Produktentwicklung zu gewinnen. Der allgemeine Ansatz für die Entwicklung der Methoden beinhaltet eine Extraktion der Wirkstoffe vom Haar, gefolgt von einer selektiven und empfindlichen Quantifizierung im Extrakt mittels LC-MS und LC-MS/MS. Es wurden Analysenmethoden für die komplex zusammengesetzten oberflächenaktiven Wirkstoffe Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine und Alkyl Polyglucoside entwickelt. Dabei wurde durch Untersuchungen der Extraktion vom Haar bewiesen, dass die zweiminütige Haarwäsche nicht zu einem signifikanten Aufquellen des Haares führt, so dass die Wirkstoffe hauptsächlich an der Haaroberfläche adsorbiert werden. Außerdem wurde gezeigt, dass sich die Zusammensetzung dieser Wirkstoffe während der Haarwäsche ändert, so dass sich die Einzelsubstanzverteilung auf dem Haar von der im Shampoo unterscheidet. Des Weiteren wurde die selektive und empfindliche Quantifizierung der kationischen Polymere Polyquaternium-10 und Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride durchgeführt. Die parallele Quantifizierung beider Konditionierungsstoffe ermöglicht die Untersuchung, in welchem Umfang sich beide Polymere in ihrem Adsorptionsverhalten beeinflussen. Bei der Methodenentwicklung für die Quantifizierung der Wirkstoffe Ubiquinone, Piroctone Olamine und Benzophenone-4 zeigte sich, dass eine Extraktion über 7 min im Ultraschallbad die besten Ergebnisse brachte. Bei längerer Extraktionszeit vergrößert sich die Oberfläche des Haares durch Quellung, so dass sich der Anteil an adsorbierten Analyten wieder erhöht. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Haarwäsche mit dem verwendeten Waschprotokoll wurde bestätigt, indem verschiedene Wirkstoffe parallel auf dem Haar quantifiziert wurden. Durch Veränderung der Waschparameter Einmassierzeit sowie Durchflussmenge, Temperatur und Härte des Spülwassers wurde der Einfluss dieser Parameter auf die Substantivität der Wirkstoffe untersucht. Darüber wurde gezeigt, dass sowohl der Schädigungsgrad des Haares als auch andere auf dem Haar befindliche Shampoo-Bestandteile einen Einfluss auf die Substantivität von Wirkstoffen haben. Schließlich wurde an einem Beispiel gezeigt, dass man die Substantivität von Wirkstoffen nicht nur durch die Zusammensetzung der kosmetischen Formulierung, sondern auch durch die Art der Anwendung entscheidend beeinflussen kann.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Yu, Quanwei [Verfasser]. "Ionene and ionene alkyl sulfate stoichiometric complexes : temperature and humidity sensitive materials / von Yu, Quanwei." 2004. http://d-nb.info/972779752/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wen-ShanChen and 陳文珊. "Influence of Quaternary Ammonium Salt on the Interaction between Poly(N- vinylpyrrolidone) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: Effects of the Alkyl Chain Length of Quaternary Ammonium Salt." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55511173825410322013.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nguyen, Kim-Ly. "Agrégation de tensioactifs anioniques à une interface solide-aqueux induite par l'oxydation d'une monocouche auto-assemblée de ferrocenylalkanethiolates." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12545.

Full text
Abstract:
L'oxydoréduction des monocouches auto-assemblées («Self-assembled monolayers ou SAMs) de ferrocenyldodecanethiolates sur une surface d'or (Fc(CH2)12SAu) dans des solutions aqueuses de n-alkyle sulfate de sodium (6, 8, 10 et 12 atomes de carbone) est étudiée par spectroscopie de résonance des plasmons de surface («Surface Plasmons Resonance ou SPR) couplée avec de la voltampérométrie cyclique (VC). La technique SPR est utilisée pour suivre en temps réel l'adsorption des tensioactifs en fonction du potentiel appliqué. Elle permet de quantifier l'épaisseur et le recouvrement des molécules adsorbées pour déterminer l'organisation des tensioactifs anioniques sur la SAM. La VC est utilisée afin de caractériser l'oxydation du groupement ferrocène en présence des n-alkyle sulfate de sodium qui s'associent à la SAM grâce à l'appariement entre le ferrocénium et le groupement sulfate. Des mélanges binaires d'alkylesulfates de différentes compositions sont utilisés dans le but de déterminer l'organisation induite par une réaction d'oxydoréduction. L'effet de la longueur de la chaîne d'hydrocarbures sur la quantité de tensioactifs anioniques adsorbés ainsi que les affinités relatives d'appariement des anions alkyle sulfate aux ferrocéniums sont rapportés dans ce mémoire. Ces surfaces électrosensibles permettront la détection de molécules amphiphiles et la compréhension du comportement de mélanges binaires de tensioactifs. Ainsi, ces travaux apporteront une avancée sur la modulation électrochimique de l'organisation de matériaux sur des substrats solides basée sur l'appariement d'ions.
The redox-induced pairing from aqueous solution of a homologous series of sodium n-alkyl sulfate (6, 8, 10 and 12 carbon atoms) to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ferrocenyldodecanethiolates on a gold surface (Fc(CH2)12SAu) is investigated by spectroscopy of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) coupled with the cyclic voltammetry (CV). The SPR technique is used to monitor in real time the adsorption of surfactant in function of the applied potential. It quantifies the adsorbed layer thickness and surface coverage to determine the organization of anionic surfactants on SAM. CV is used to characterize the oxidation of ferrocene group in the presence of sodium n-alkyl sulfates that associate with SAM through matching between the ferrocenium and sulfate group. Binary mixtures of alkylesulfates of different compositions are used to determine the structure induced by a redox reaction. The effect of the length of the hydrocarbon chain on the amount of anionic surfactants adsorbed and the relative affinities of matching the ferroceniums alkyl sulfate anions are reported in this thesis. These electrosensitive surfaces allow the detection of amphiphilic molecules and the understanding the behavior of binary mixtures of surfactants. Thus, this work will result in progress on the electrochemical modulation organizing materials on solid substrates based on the ion-pairing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Sulfate(alkyl)"

1

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Sodium C Alkyl Sulfate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 507. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9446.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "TEA-C Alkyl Sulfate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 546. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10354.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Ammonium C12–15 Alkyl Sulfate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_517.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Ammonium C12–16 Alkyl Sulfate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_518.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "DEA-C12–13 Alkyl Sulfate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 142. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2645.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "DEA-C12–15 Alkyl Sulfate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 142. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2646.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Chang, David L., and Henri L. Rosano. "Monolayer Properties of Octadecyldimethylamine Oxide and Sodium Alkyl Sulfate." In ACS Symposium Series, 116–32. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0311.ch009.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wasserscheid, Peter, Roy van Hal, Andreas Bösmann, Jochen Eßer, and Andreas Jess. "New Ionic Liquids Based on Alkylsulfate and Alkyl Oligoether Sulfate Anions: Synthesis and Applications." In ACS Symposium Series, 57–69. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0856.ch005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Jahn, U. "Using Alkyl, Allyl, and Benzyl Halides, Dimethyl Sulfate, Activated Alcohols, or Activated Amines." In Nitro, Nitroso, Azo, Azoxy, and Diazonium Compounds, Azides, Triazenes, and Tetrazenes, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-041-00433.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Setiati, Rini, Septoratno Siregar, and Deana Wahyuningrum. "Laboratory Optimization Study of Sulfonation Reaction toward Lignin Isolated from Bagasse." In Biomass [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93662.

Full text
Abstract:
Bagasse is scientifically defined as waste from the extraction of sugarcane liquid after the grinding process. Bagasse is biomass which is used as raw material to be processed into surfactants. Bagasse fiber cannot be dissolved in water because it consists mostly of cellulose, pentosane and lignin. The optimum conditions for obtaining the highest yield and the best conversion of bagasse to lignin were achieved when used 80 mesh bagasse and 3 M NaOH as a hydrolysis agent. Then lignin is reacted with 0.25 sodium bisulfite to the surfactant sodium lignosulfonate. Lignin and sodium lignosulfonate were further characterized using a FTIR spectrophotometer to determine the components contained therein. The lignin component consists of phenolic functional group elements, aliphatic and aromatic groups, ketone groups, aren functional groups, amine groups and alkyl groups along with standard lignin components. Likewise with lignosulfonates, with indicator components consisting of C═C alkenes, Sulfate S═O, C═O carboxylic acids and S-OR esters. The NMR test was resulted the monomer structure of SLS surfactant bagasse. The results indicate that the lignin isolation process from bagasse has been successfully. Likewise, the sulfonation of lignin to lignosulfonate is also successful.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Sulfate(alkyl)"

1

Grossi, V., I. Antheaume, and C. Cravo-Laureau. "Coupled Abiotic and Biotic Sulfurization Processes during Microbial Sulfate Reduction with Alkyl Substrates." In First EAGE/IFPEN Conference on Sulfur Risk Management in Exploration and Production. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802757.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ellis, T. G., X. Huang, and S. K. Kaiser. "Linear alkybenzene sulfonate and alkyl sulfate biodegradation in laboratory and field activated sludge systems." In WATER POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp060541.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Puerto, Maura C., George J. Hirasaki, Clarence A. Miller, Carmen Reznik, Sheila Dubey, Julian R. Barnes, and Sjoerd vanKuijk. "Effects of Hardness and Cosurfactant on Phase Behavior of Alcohol-free Alkyl Propoxylated Sulfate Systems." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169096-ms.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Adiwibowo, Muhammad Triyogo, Muhammad Ibadurrohman, and Slamet Slamet. "Stability and detergency of nanofluidic detergents containing palm oil-based primary alkyl sulfate surfactant and zinc oxide: Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064353.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Sulfate(alkyl)' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography