Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulfate electrolyte

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfate electrolyte'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfate electrolyte"

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Kowalik, Patrycja, Dorota Kopyto, Mateusz Ciszewski, Michał Drzazga, and Katarzyna Leszczyńska-Sejda. "Purification of Industrial Copper Electrolyte from Bismuth Impurity." Minerals 12, no. 1 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010036.

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This work focused on purifying copper electrolytes from a bismuth impurity on a laboratory scale. The electrolyte came from Polish copper electrorefineries with the content of main components, g/dm3: 49.6 Cu, 160 H2SO4. The electrolyte was enriched in bismuth by Bi2O3 addition. Purification of bismuth contamination was carried out using selected agents with adsorbing effects, such as barium hydroxide octahydrate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium and lead sulfates. The trials were performed until achieving the Bi level—below 0.1 g/dm3. During the experiments, it was noticed that el
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Silkin, Serhii. "Study of the Scattering Capacity of Sulfate Electrolyte for Electrolytic-Plasma Polishing." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 61, no. 1 (2025): 24–29. https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.024.

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A method for calculating the scattering capacity using a sectional anode for the electrolytic-plasma polishing variant, both with and without taking into account the edge effects, has been developed and tested. An increase in the scattering capacity of the electrolyte is shown to depend on both an increase in the hydrodynamic parameters of the sulfate electrolyte and a decrease in the processing voltage, in the electrolyte temperature, and in the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the electrolyte. The maximum scattering capacity (taking into account the edge effects) was found to be 95% at a
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Duyunova, V. A., M. S. Oglodkov, M. V. Gerasimov, I. A. Kozlov, and A. V. Knyazev. "FEATURES OF FORMATION OF ELECTROLYTE-PLASMA COATINGS FROM NICKEL-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES ON TITANIUM ALLOYS." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 7 (2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-7-86-94.

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Influence of nickel sulfate additives in silicate-alkaline electrolyte for microarc oxidation of titanium alloys on properties of formed electrolyte-plasma coatings was investigated. The influence of the component composition of the electrolyte on the chemical composition of the coatings, their protective ability, porosity and electrical characteristics was established. It is shown that the most corrosion-resistant coatings are formed from electrolytes with a low content of nickel sulfate, and an increase in the content of nickel in the coating does not lead to a significant change in its elec
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Maksimovic, Vesna, Ljubica Pavlovic, Borka Jovic, and Miomir Pavlovic. "Electrodeposition of Fe powder from acid electrolytes." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 8-9 (2008): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0809861m.

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Polarization characteristics of the electrodeposition processes of Fe powders from sulfate and chloride electrolytes and the morphology of the obtained powders were investigated. The morphology depended on the anion pre sence in the electrolyte but not on the current density in the investigated range. A characteristic feature of the dendritic powder with cauliflower endings obtained from sulfate electrolyte is the presence of cone-like cavities and the crystallite morphology of the powders surface. On the other hand, Fe powders electrodeposited from chloride electrolyte appear in the form of a
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Borisov, Ivan M., Azamdzhon A. Nabiev, Alfia A. Mukhamedyanova, Lutfullo Soliev, Azamdzhon F. Toshov, and Jamila M. Musodzhonova. "ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION OF SODIUM SULFATE IN AQUEOUS ETHANOL SOLUTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 6 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017606.5535.

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The reducing the degree of electrolytic dissociation of sodium sulphate with the increasing a proportion of ethanol in the hydroalcoholic solution was shown with the conductometric method. It was established that the dissociation constant of sodium sulfate decreases with the increasing a concentration of alcohol in the solution. Physico-chemical properties of sodium sulfate in water-alcohol solutions on salt solubility and dissociation were not studied. In this regard, in the present study we examined an electrolytic dissociation of sodium sulfate in water-ethanol solutions. Firstly, a saturat
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Shekhanov, Ruslan F. "PROTECTIVE ABILITY OF TIN-NICKEL COATINGS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 10 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20176010.5605.

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The calculation of the corrosion current of the steel – plating allowed us to estimate the protective properties and the porosity of the Tin-Nickel coatings. Measured in 3% NaCl solution the potential of steel electrode covered by tin alloy-Nickel thickness of 5, 10, 15 µm, respectively, has values of -277 mV, -314 mV, -355 mV, and the potential of steel 0.8 KP was 440 mV relative to the standard hydrogen electrode. At a thickness of 15 µm and at the mentioned potential the current density of corrosion for system steel – coating from tin-Nickel oxalate electrolyte was 2.3 µa/cm2, and for the c
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Suriaini, N., Y. Syamsuddin, N. Arpi, and M. D. Supardan. "The effect of adding electrolyte solution to the cream demulsification technique on the purification of palm oil-based MDAG." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012038.

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Abstract Glycerolysis is the simplest, least expensive, and most prevalent technique for producing mono-diacylglycerol (MDAG). MDAG, a product derived from palm oil, is crucial to the fat-based food sector. Chemical glycerolysis generally leaves crude MDAG with glycerol residues that exceed the European Union’s maximum (up to 7.5%); thus, it must be purified. Cream demulsification is one of the conventional ways of purification for separating glycerol residues from MDAG. This study investigates the impacts of adding electrolytes (calcium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, and s
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Su, Facheng, Hsiharng Yang, Wenchieh Wu, and Yukai Chen. "An Electrolyte Life Indicator for Plasma Electrolytic Polishing Optimization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (2022): 8594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178594.

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This work shows that electrolyte current-density as an indicator can assist in the optimized timing of the addition of the electrolyte to plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) to keep it active and in operation. In this experiment, 2 wt% ammonium sulfate was used as an electrolyte to polish 1 cm × 1 cm stainless steel SUS304. The hot-bath heating method was successfully used to heat it from 60 to 90 °C, followed by suction filtration. The cathode was fixed at the beaker edge in the electrolyte and the input voltage was 340 volts. Once the gas-phase layer formed stably around the workpiece, the p
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Nnabundo, N. Musei, I. Igbokwe Philomena, and E. Onu Chijioke. "The Impact of Sodium Sulfate Additive on the Cycle Life of Lead Acid Battery." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 6, no. 6 (2019): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947123.

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Sodium sulfate as an additive in the electrolyte solution of a 2V/20AH lead acid battery to determine the effect on the cycle life and performance of the battery has been investigated. The electrolyte solution was a combination of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate with charge and discharge cycle processes carried out for 30 minutes each. The two different electrolyte solutions (dilute sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid-sodium sulfate additive) for the battery were done separately at negligible temperature change with an incandescent lamp of 6V, 10.3W applied as load for each of the discharge cycle
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Ianuta, A. S., G. S. Zadorozhnii, and Yu V. Shtephan. "A mathematical model of the copper plating process in restoration of road transport equipment parts." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 21, no. 2 (2024): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2024-21-2-270-288.

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Introduction. The use of restored parts of motor vehicles makes it possible to reduce the financial costs of repairing equipment. The cost of the restored parts should not exceed 50% of the cost of the new part. Increasing the productivity (deposition rate) of an electrolytic copper coating during the restoration of parts of motor vehicles requires taking into account the technological and economic aspects of the restoration process. The study of the factors (deposition conditions) that most affect the deposition process of the copper coating, the analysis of the experimental results and its s
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfate electrolyte"

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Martins, Mónia A. R. "Densities and speed of sound in aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions containing glycine or alanine." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/8041.

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The main objectives of this work are the measurement of the densities and speed of sound in aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions containing glycine or alanine. The study of mixtures containing charged electric species is of great relevance for the chemical industry. In this work the new experimental information is combined with that collected from the open literature in order to contribute for an understanding of the forces that rule biologically important structures. A systematic experimental program is implemented to measure the densities and speed of sound in aqueous and in mixed aqueous
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Schoeman, Liezl. "Evaluation of polarisation parameters as predictor of morphology of nickel electrodeposits produced from sulfate electrolyte." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66022.

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Industrial electrowinning of nickel requires specific control and optimisation of the electrolyte composition, the presence of impurities, the addition of additives (to achieve particular deposit properties) and the operating parameters (such as pH and temperature) in order to produce electroplated nickel of high quality and desirable morphological characteristics. Without understanding and strict control of the electrocrystallisation process, nickel can delaminate due to internal strain, frequent pitting of the deposit can occur, current efficiency can decrease significantly or dendritic grow
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Karakurkchi, A. V., M. V. Ved, N. D. Sakhnenko, I. Yu Yermolenko, and S. I. Zyubanova. "Electroplating and functional properties of amorphous Fe-Mo(W) and Fe-Mo-W coatings." Thesis, Институт химии растворов им. Г. А. Крестова РАН, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22618.

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Hubert, Nathalie. "Contribution à la détermination des propriétés thermodynamiques des solutions aqueuses d'électrolytes forts : étude des systèmes H2O-NaCl et H2O-Na2SO4 entre 25°C et 100°C par mesures d'équilibre liquide-vapeur et par calorimétrie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL005N.

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L’objectif du présent travail est de définir une procédure expérimentale optimale pour déterminer les propriétés thermodynamiques de solutions aqueuses binaires d'électrolytes forts. Deux expérimentations complémentaires ont été mises en œuvre. D’une part, des mesures de la pression de vapeur de l'eau ont été effectuées afin de déterminer les variations du coefficient osmotique en fonction de la température et de la composition. Pour cela, un dispositif manométrique statique non isotherme a été construit et validé par l'étude du système H2O-NaCl entre 25°C et 100°C. D’autre part, des mesures i
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Ollivrin, Xavier. "Nouveaux sels de lithium à fonctions plastifiante et polaire : caractérisations physico-chimiques et électrochimiques en milieu polymère." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0057.

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Cette etude a porte sur des nouveaux sels de lithium integrant des fonctions solvatantes, plastifiantes et (ou) polaires. Ces nouveaux sels multifonctionnels pourraient etre utilises en generateur electrochimique. Un premier volet de l'etude a ainsi consiste a synthetiser et a caracteriser des oligoether-sulfates de lithium, de longueur variable. Plusieurs resultats peuvent etre mis en exergue : - les sulfate-esters, mono et dianioniques, d'oligoethers s'averent parfaitement solubles dans les polyethers semi-cristallins ou amorphes de haute masse. - leur domaine de stabilite electrochimique re
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Babcock, Kevin Brian. "Alkali carbonate-sulfide electrolytes for medium temperature hydrogen sulfide removal." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12959.

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Wang, Hongjiao. "Liquid phase synthesis and application of sulfide solid electrolyte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENS101.

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Les batteries Li-ion traditionnelles utilisent des électrolytes liquides organiques, qui sont sensibles aux températures élevées en raison de leur faible point d'éclair et de leur grande volatilité. Par conséquent, le remplacement des électrolytes liquides par des électrolytes solides devient l'un des points chauds de la recherche pour les batteries de stockage d'énergie chimique de la prochaine génération. Dans cette thèse, une méthode en phase liquide utilisant LiEt3BH ou Li-Naph comme matières premières est inventée pour synthétiser des sol précurseurs Li3PS4 et obtenir des nanoparticules L
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You, Liang. "Copper Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytic Memory Devices." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1160337918.

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Dorreyatim, Mohammad. "Cyclic Polarization of AA 3102 in Corrosive Electrolytes Containing Sodium Chloride and Ammonium Sulfate." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955069/.

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Corrosion of all aluminum microchannel heat exchangers present a challenge in automotive and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industries. Reproducibility of Salt Water Acetic Acid Test (SWAAT) has been questioned and a need to new corrosion tests with better reproducibility has risen. Cyclic polarization, that is an electrochemical test, was explored for its suitability for the assessment of AA 3102 tube material that is currently a popular aluminum alloy used in manufacturing of heat exchanger. Corrosive electrolytes containing 3.5 % sodium chloride with 0.5 % ammonium sulf
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Chmielowiec, Brian John. "Electrochemical engineering considerations for gas evolution in molten sulfide electrolytes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122158.

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Thesis: Sc. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2019<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The current interrupt and galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were utilized to characterize the ohmic, charge transfer, and mass transfer over-potential behavior of gas evolving electrodes in aqueous, molten chloride, and molten sulfide electrolyte solutions under steady-state natural convective flow conditions as a means to gain access to thermodynamic, physicochemical, and h
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Books on the topic "Sulfate electrolyte"

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Boegli, W. J. Pilot plant studies of two processes for oxidation of aqueous sulfide: Paradox Valley unit, Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Project. Applied Sciences Branch, Division of Research and Laboratory Services, Engineering and Research Center, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1985.

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Boegli, W. J. Pilot plant studies of two processes for oxidation of aqueous sulfide: Paradox Valley unit, Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Project. Applied Sciences Branch, Division of Research and Laboratory Services, Engineering and Research Center, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1985.

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Intakes, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference, and Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfate electrolyte"

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Ullrich, K. J. "Polarity of the Proximal Tubular Cell: Comparison of Luminal and Contraluminal Transport Systems for Hexoses, Dicarboxylates, and Sulfate." In Endocrine Regulation of Electrolyte Balance. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71405-4_4.

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Jurkiewicz, K., W. Janusz, R. Sprycha, and J. Szczypa. "Electrochemical Aspects Of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Adsorption At The Zn0/Electrolyte Interface." In Surfactants in Solution. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0839-3_28.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of sodium dodecyl sulfate into lithium dodecyl sulfate and water." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_2691.

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Rosero-Navarro, N. C., M. Calpa, A. Miura, and K. Tadanaga. "Sulfide-Based Solid-State Electrolytes." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1413.ch013.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of sodium dodecyl sulfate in water." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_777.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of water in sodium dodecyl sulfate." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_1289.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of lithium dodecyl sulfate in water." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_996.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of sodium dodecyl sulfate in water." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_998.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of sodium dodecyl sulfate in dideuterium oxide." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_997.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of phenol into water and sodium dodecyl sulfate solution." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1181.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfate electrolyte"

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Sooknah, Reeta, Sankara Papavinasam, and R. Winston Revie. "A Sulfide Oxidase Biosensor for Monitoring Sulfide." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08656.

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Abstract A sulfide oxidase enzyme electrode is proposed for monitoring of biogenic sulfide resulting from the activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The enzyme which is immobilized in a carbon (graphite) paste with 1,1’ dimethylferrocene, catalyses the oxidation of sulfide to sulfur. Amperometric measurements were carried out at a fixed potential of 0.3 V, and room temperature, using Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) as the electrolyte, and sodium sulfide solution as the substrate. Under deaerated conditions, the biosensor responded linearly to the tested sulfide concentration in the range of 0
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Esquivel, R. García, G. Zavala Olivares, M. J. Hernández Gayosso, A. Gayosso Trejo, C. Cano Gurrión, and E. Burgos Villalobos. "Influence of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on the Cathodic Protection Potential of XL52 Steel." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06075.

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Abstract The effect of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) upon the cathodic protection of XL 52 steel was determined, in order to identify if the potential value of -0.950 V vs. Cu/CuSO4 is good enough to protect the metal surface. During the experiments, different operational parameters were monitored: H2S production, iron concentration, electrolyte alkalinity, microorganisms population, as well as the metal surface damage. At the same time, the corrosion rate was determined using two electrochemical techniques: Polarization Resistance (PR) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).; Acco
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Lencka, M. M., R. D. Springer, P. Wang, and A. Anderko. "Modeling Mineral Scaling in Oil and Gas Environments up to Ultra High Pressures and Temperatures." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10828.

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Abstract Mineral scale prediction is an important tool for effective scale management in oil and gas flow assurance. Accurate prediction of scale formation is particularly challenging at high temperatures and pressures that are encountered as the industry develops progressively deeper and overpressured reservoirs. To address the need to predict scaling at conditions ranging from ambient to extreme, a comprehensive thermodynamic model has been developed. This model has been designed to represent the solubility of scaling minerals at temperatures up to 300 °C and pressures up to at least 1,700 a
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Chacón, Andrés Alberto León, Javier Montañez Villamizar, and Ludy Andrea Prada Ardila. "Dealing with Pipelines with Positive Potentials - a Case of Study." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09202.

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Abstract The structure to electrolyte potential survey is a useful and important test to evaluate cathodic protection systems. The structure to electrolyte potential values on carbon steel pipelines should be negative when the voltmeter positive terminal is connected to the structure and the negative terminal is connected to the copper sulfate reference electrode, however in this case study many of those values were electropositive. No operational mistakes in the measurements were found. Causes such as reversed rectifier connections, interference from other systems were not found. At locations
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Li, SeonYeob, YoungGeun Kim, YoungTai Kho, and Tak Kang. "Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel Influenced by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Soil Environments." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03549.

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Abstract This work is a comprehensive study of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel in soil environments, induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Four experimental phases were involved in this research: (1) field study, (2) anaerobic corrosion study, (3) localized corrosion study, (4) mathematical modeling of cathodic protection (CP) current/potential distribution. Based on the field survey and statistical approach, the predicting equation for the maximum corrosion depth of steel in soil was presented and it was proved that the predicted values were well matched wit
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Chen, G., C. R. Clayton, R. A. Sadowski, J. R. Kearns, J. B. Gillow, and A. J. Francis. "Influence of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on the Passive Film Formed on Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95217.

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Abstract The influence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on the passivity of a stainless steel, AISI 304, was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical techniques. Samples were exposed to SRB in growth media for 5 days. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were then conducted in deaerated 0.1 M HCl to determine if prior exposure to SRB compromised the passivity of the steel. The surface chemistry was analyzed with XPS, immediately after the exposure and following subsequent anodic polarization in 0.1 M HCl. Excess biomass generated by SRB could be rinsed from
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Hakkaraincn, Tero J. "Conditions of Growth of Open Corrosion Pits in Stainless Steels - Electrochemical Experiments on Model Pits." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98310.

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Abstract The effects of the most important variables on continued growth and repassivation of open macroscopic corrosion pits in stainless steel sheets were investigated using two different artificial pit configurations. The pit growth was activated under anodic polarization either by injecting concentrated chloride solution into the pit or by initially filling the pit with chromic chloride crystals (CrCl3·6H2O). Experiments were made on sheet specimens of stainless steels of type UNS S31603 (316L) or UNS S31254 in bulk solutions containing chloride and/or sulfate ions. Various aspects of the
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Anderko, A., P. Wang, R. D. Springer, M. M. Lencka, and J. J. Kosinski. "Prediction of Mineral Scaling in Oil and Gas Production Using a Comprehensive Thermodynamic Model." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10129.

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Abstract A comprehensive methodology has been developed for predicting mineral scaling in oil and gas production environments. The methodology is based on a previously developed model for mixed-solvent electrolyte systems (MSE). The model relies on a detailed treatment of speciation in the liquid phase. It represents the standard-state properties of individual species using the Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers equation of state and it predicts the species' activity coefficients on the basis of contributions that reflect long-range electrostatic, short-range ionic, and non-ionic interactions. The model
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Klechka, Ernest W., Gerhardus H. Koch, Angel R. Kowalski, Abdul Wahab Al-Mithin, and Emad Al-Nasser. "Cathodic Protection of Well Casings Using E-Log I Criteria." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06071.

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Abstract For well casings it is difficult to directly measure cathodic protection potentials along the length of the well casing. The E-log I criterion is described in RP0186-2001(1) “Application of Cathodic Protection for External Surfaces of Steel Well Casings”, which stated that adequate protection is achieved with “a voltage at least as negative (cathodic) as that originally established at the beginning of the Tafel segment of the E-log I curve. This voltage shall be measured between the structure surface and a saturated copper-copper sulfate half cell contacting the electrolyte.” In order
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Remick, Robert J. "Effects of Contaminants on the Corrosion of MCFC Components and Hardware." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86084.

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Abstract Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power plants operating on fuels derived from the gasification of coal are likely to be exposed to ppm levels of various sulfur contaminants in the fuel. In a recently completed program conducted at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) addressing the performance loss associated with sulfur contaminants in the fuel, a number of corrosion related problems were uncovered on the oxidant side of the cell. These problems included the accelerated corrosion of cathode side hardware, the conversion of carbonate electrolyte to sulfate on the surface of the cath
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Reports on the topic "Sulfate electrolyte"

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Author, Not Given. Energy efficient process for recycling sodium sulfate utilizing ceramic solid electrolyte. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/765644.

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Maddela, Claypool, and Fang. PR-446-133604-R01 Alternative Method for Potential Measurement on Buried or Submerged Pipeline. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010843.

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Missouri S and T investigated alternative new methods to the existing practice of measuring the structure-to-electrolyte potential to assess the level of cathodic protection (CP) of a buried pipeline. The measurement of a negative 850 mV DC pipeline to soil potential relative to a copper/copper sulfate reference electrode has been used for decades as a threshold value for sufficient CP to reduce external corrosion to an acceptable rate ( less than 0.001� per year). However, there is a need for an alternative method that more accurately depicts the corrosion rates of buried pipeline.
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Ferdman, Alla. An Insoluble Titanium-Lead Anode for Sulfate Electrolytes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840009.

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Author, Unknown. PR-138-907-R01 Test Kit Manual Field Sampling and Analysis of Contaminant Ions on Pipe Surfaces. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012142.

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This document contains instructions for the sampling of steel pipe surfaces for contaminant ions using electrolytic limpet cell extraction or direct contact extraction with chromatographic papers, and analytical test methods for chloride, sulfate, nitrate/nitrite, and ferrous iron ions. The electrolytic limpet cell sampling method is the preferred technique for the recovery of ion contaminants from all pipe surfaces. Contact paper sampling may be used when operating conditions make the use of electrolytic limpet cell sampling impractical or inconvenient. Examples of sampling and analysis data
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Yersak, Thomas. Hot Pressing of Reinforced Li-NMC All-Solid State Batteries with Sulfide Glass Electrolyte. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2246589.

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Lu, Dongping. Scaling-Up and Roll-to-Roll Processing of Highly Conductive Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytes - CRADA 510. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827804.

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Hamel, Nicolas. Monomeric and Polymeric Fluoroalkyl Sulfonyl Fluorides, Sulfonate Salts and Sulfonic Acids for Use as Electrolytes and Coatings. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1264.

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Kelly, James J. Electrodeposition on Ni from a Sulfamate Electrolyte Part 1: Effect of a Stress Relief on Annealing Behavior and Film Metallurgy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/791297.

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the
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