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Journal articles on the topic 'Sulfate electrolyte'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kowalik, Patrycja, Dorota Kopyto, Mateusz Ciszewski, Michał Drzazga, and Katarzyna Leszczyńska-Sejda. "Purification of Industrial Copper Electrolyte from Bismuth Impurity." Minerals 12, no. 1 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010036.

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This work focused on purifying copper electrolytes from a bismuth impurity on a laboratory scale. The electrolyte came from Polish copper electrorefineries with the content of main components, g/dm3: 49.6 Cu, 160 H2SO4. The electrolyte was enriched in bismuth by Bi2O3 addition. Purification of bismuth contamination was carried out using selected agents with adsorbing effects, such as barium hydroxide octahydrate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium and lead sulfates. The trials were performed until achieving the Bi level—below 0.1 g/dm3. During the experiments, it was noticed that el

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2

Silkin, Serhii. "Study of the Scattering Capacity of Sulfate Electrolyte for Electrolytic-Plasma Polishing." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 61, no. 1 (2025): 24–29. https://doi.org/10.52577/eom.2025.61.1.024.

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A method for calculating the scattering capacity using a sectional anode for the electrolytic-plasma polishing variant, both with and without taking into account the edge effects, has been developed and tested. An increase in the scattering capacity of the electrolyte is shown to depend on both an increase in the hydrodynamic parameters of the sulfate electrolyte and a decrease in the processing voltage, in the electrolyte temperature, and in the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the electrolyte. The maximum scattering capacity (taking into account the edge effects) was found to be 95% at a

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3

Duyunova, V. A., M. S. Oglodkov, M. V. Gerasimov, I. A. Kozlov, and A. V. Knyazev. "FEATURES OF FORMATION OF ELECTROLYTE-PLASMA COATINGS FROM NICKEL-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES ON TITANIUM ALLOYS." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 7 (2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-7-86-94.

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Influence of nickel sulfate additives in silicate-alkaline electrolyte for microarc oxidation of titanium alloys on properties of formed electrolyte-plasma coatings was investigated. The influence of the component composition of the electrolyte on the chemical composition of the coatings, their protective ability, porosity and electrical characteristics was established. It is shown that the most corrosion-resistant coatings are formed from electrolytes with a low content of nickel sulfate, and an increase in the content of nickel in the coating does not lead to a significant change in its elec

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4

Maksimovic, Vesna, Ljubica Pavlovic, Borka Jovic, and Miomir Pavlovic. "Electrodeposition of Fe powder from acid electrolytes." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 8-9 (2008): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0809861m.

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Polarization characteristics of the electrodeposition processes of Fe powders from sulfate and chloride electrolytes and the morphology of the obtained powders were investigated. The morphology depended on the anion pre sence in the electrolyte but not on the current density in the investigated range. A characteristic feature of the dendritic powder with cauliflower endings obtained from sulfate electrolyte is the presence of cone-like cavities and the crystallite morphology of the powders surface. On the other hand, Fe powders electrodeposited from chloride electrolyte appear in the form of a

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5

Borisov, Ivan M., Azamdzhon A. Nabiev, Alfia A. Mukhamedyanova, Lutfullo Soliev, Azamdzhon F. Toshov, and Jamila M. Musodzhonova. "ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION OF SODIUM SULFATE IN AQUEOUS ETHANOL SOLUTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 6 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017606.5535.

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The reducing the degree of electrolytic dissociation of sodium sulphate with the increasing a proportion of ethanol in the hydroalcoholic solution was shown with the conductometric method. It was established that the dissociation constant of sodium sulfate decreases with the increasing a concentration of alcohol in the solution. Physico-chemical properties of sodium sulfate in water-alcohol solutions on salt solubility and dissociation were not studied. In this regard, in the present study we examined an electrolytic dissociation of sodium sulfate in water-ethanol solutions. Firstly, a saturat

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6

Shekhanov, Ruslan F. "PROTECTIVE ABILITY OF TIN-NICKEL COATINGS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 10 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20176010.5605.

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The calculation of the corrosion current of the steel – plating allowed us to estimate the protective properties and the porosity of the Tin-Nickel coatings. Measured in 3% NaCl solution the potential of steel electrode covered by tin alloy-Nickel thickness of 5, 10, 15 µm, respectively, has values of -277 mV, -314 mV, -355 mV, and the potential of steel 0.8 KP was 440 mV relative to the standard hydrogen electrode. At a thickness of 15 µm and at the mentioned potential the current density of corrosion for system steel – coating from tin-Nickel oxalate electrolyte was 2.3 µa/cm2, and for the c

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7

Suriaini, N., Y. Syamsuddin, N. Arpi, and M. D. Supardan. "The effect of adding electrolyte solution to the cream demulsification technique on the purification of palm oil-based MDAG." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012038.

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Abstract Glycerolysis is the simplest, least expensive, and most prevalent technique for producing mono-diacylglycerol (MDAG). MDAG, a product derived from palm oil, is crucial to the fat-based food sector. Chemical glycerolysis generally leaves crude MDAG with glycerol residues that exceed the European Union’s maximum (up to 7.5%); thus, it must be purified. Cream demulsification is one of the conventional ways of purification for separating glycerol residues from MDAG. This study investigates the impacts of adding electrolytes (calcium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, and s

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8

Su, Facheng, Hsiharng Yang, Wenchieh Wu, and Yukai Chen. "An Electrolyte Life Indicator for Plasma Electrolytic Polishing Optimization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (2022): 8594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178594.

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This work shows that electrolyte current-density as an indicator can assist in the optimized timing of the addition of the electrolyte to plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) to keep it active and in operation. In this experiment, 2 wt% ammonium sulfate was used as an electrolyte to polish 1 cm × 1 cm stainless steel SUS304. The hot-bath heating method was successfully used to heat it from 60 to 90 °C, followed by suction filtration. The cathode was fixed at the beaker edge in the electrolyte and the input voltage was 340 volts. Once the gas-phase layer formed stably around the workpiece, the p

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9

Nnabundo, N. Musei, I. Igbokwe Philomena, and E. Onu Chijioke. "The Impact of Sodium Sulfate Additive on the Cycle Life of Lead Acid Battery." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 6, no. 6 (2019): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947123.

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Sodium sulfate as an additive in the electrolyte solution of a 2V/20AH lead acid battery to determine the effect on the cycle life and performance of the battery has been investigated. The electrolyte solution was a combination of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate with charge and discharge cycle processes carried out for 30 minutes each. The two different electrolyte solutions (dilute sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid-sodium sulfate additive) for the battery were done separately at negligible temperature change with an incandescent lamp of 6V, 10.3W applied as load for each of the discharge cycle

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10

Ianuta, A. S., G. S. Zadorozhnii, and Yu V. Shtephan. "A mathematical model of the copper plating process in restoration of road transport equipment parts." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 21, no. 2 (2024): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2024-21-2-270-288.

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Introduction. The use of restored parts of motor vehicles makes it possible to reduce the financial costs of repairing equipment. The cost of the restored parts should not exceed 50% of the cost of the new part. Increasing the productivity (deposition rate) of an electrolytic copper coating during the restoration of parts of motor vehicles requires taking into account the technological and economic aspects of the restoration process. The study of the factors (deposition conditions) that most affect the deposition process of the copper coating, the analysis of the experimental results and its s

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11

Alizada, Y. E., E. A. Salakhova, P. E. Kalantarova, et al. "ELECTRODEPOSITION OF THIN MOLYBDENUM COATINGS FROM SULPHATE SOLUTIONS." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 2 (June 19, 2023): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2023-2-47-53.

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Based on the study of current-voltage dependencies during electroreduction of molybdenum ions from sulfate electrolytes on Pt electrode, the conditions of deposition of Mo-nanocoatings were established. The influence of various factors such as temperature, content of components in the electrolyte, current density, acidity of solutions, etc., on the composition and quality of coatings was studied. It was found that, with an increase in the concentration of molybdenum and current density, the molybdenum content increases and the quality of coatings improves. Based on the determination of the nat

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12

Parmar, Madan L., Ch V. Nageshwara Rao, and Suresh Chand Attri. "Partial Molar Volumes of Some Multicharged Electrolytes in Aqueous Dimethylformamide at Various Temperatures." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 63, no. 4 (1998): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19980507.

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Partial molar volumes of ammonium aluminium sulfate and potassium aluminium sulfate in DMF-water mixtures (5-20 wt.% of DMF) have been determined from solution density measurements at various temperatures and electrolyte concentrations. The data were evaluated by using Masson equation and the obtained parameters were interpreted in terms of ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions. Both electrolytes have been found to act as the structure makers/promotors in DMF-water systems.

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13

Al-Zohbi, Fatima, Fouad Ghamouss, Johan Jacquemin, et al. "Non-Substituted Imidazolium-Based Electrolytes as Potential Alternatives to the Conventional Acidic Electrolytes of Polyaniline-Based Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors." Molecules 29, no. 11 (2024): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112569.

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Although disubstituted imidazolium cation is sterically crowded, hundreds of ionic liquids based on this cation have been reported as electrolytes for energy storage devices. In contrast to disubstituted imidazolium, non-substituted imidazolium is uncrowded sterically and has not yet been investigated as an electrolyte, to the best of our knowledge. Hence, imidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Imi][HSO4], in mixture with water, was studied as an electrolyte for PANI-based electrode materials. For comparison, pyrrolidinium with hydrogen sulfate or p-toluene sulfonate ([Pyrr][HSO4] or [Pyrr][PTS]), in m

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14

Borisov, Ivan M., and Azamdzhon A. Nabiev. "CONSTANTS OF ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION OF THE LITHIUM, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SULFATES IN AQUEOUS ISOPROPANOL SOLUTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 3 (2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206303.6123.

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At introduction of isopropyl alcohol in saturated aqueous solutions of sulfates of lithium, sodium and potassium at 25 °C physico-chemical properties of the studied systems Li2SO4-H2O-C3H7OH, Na2SO4-H2O-C3H7OH and K2SO4-H2O-C3H7OH are changed. This reduces the density of solutions and salt content in aqueous isopropanol solutions due to a decrease in solubility of salts. It is shown that the variation of the volume content of alcohol from 0% to 90% results in the decrease of Li2SO4 solubility 1280 times, Na2SO4 – 548 times, K2SO4 – in 278 times. Alcohol additives also affect the degree of elec

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15

Gauthier, Roby, Hongyi Lin, Haotian Chen, Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan, Jay F. Whitacre, and Chanho Jeong. "Low Salt Concentration and Temperature during Formation as a Tool to Characterize the Passivation of the Anode Solid Electrolyte Interface." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 5 (2025): 532. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-015532mtgabs.

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This study developed an accelerated stress test using low salt concentration and low formation temperatures to study the degree of passivation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) for different electrolyte formulations in lithium-ion pouch cells. Using differential capacity analysis, we can characterize the degree of passivation of additives under various conditions by looking at the degree of linear carbonate reduction. Using this technique, we observe that an electrolyte containing fluoroethylene carbonate or a mixture of vinylene carbonate and ethylene sulfate as additives passivates be

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16

Mouron, Spencer T., Trung Van Nguyen, and Woodrow Dean. "Composition and Chemical/Electrochemical Properties of Supersaturated Vanadium (IV/V) Sulfate Supersaturated Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 4 (2025): 475. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-014475mtgabs.

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Supersaturated electrolytes, especially without chemical stabilizers, have only recently become an area of interest as they are thermodynamically unstable and therefore have traditionally limited applications. Our recent studies on supersaturated Vanadium (IV) Sulfate (VOSO4) and Vanadium (V) Sulfate ([VO2]2SO4) electrolytes, metal salt solutions used in the all-vanadium flow battery, show that these electrolytes can remain stable for extended periods of time from hours to days.[ 1 , 2 ] Further study on these electrolytes has revealed the presence of several different molecules with distinct

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17

Ostafiychuk, B. K., I. M. Budzulyak, B. I. Rachiy, et al. "The Impact of the Surface Morphology on Energy Characteristics of Nanoporous Carbon Material." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 1 (2014): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.1.17-25.

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The impact of nanoporous carbon material (PCM) morphology on its electrochemical behavior in aqueous electrolyte has been studied. The optimum concentration of aqueous lithium sulfate which provides the maximum specific energy characteristics of capacitor-type systems C/Li2SO4/C is determined. Capacitive parameters of electrochemical capacitors (EC) in aqueous solutions of lithium, sodium and potassium sulfate which have different molar ratio have been studied by comparative analysis. Cyclic voltammograms at different scan rates show that the PCM capacitive behavior in three electrolytes in

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18

Holm, M., and T. J. O'Keefe. "Electrolyte parameter effects in the electrowinning of nickel from sulfate electrolytes." Minerals Engineering 13, no. 2 (2000): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(99)00165-x.

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19

Belkin, P.N., S.A. Silkin, I.G. Dyakov, S.V. Burov, and S.A. Kusmanov. "Influence of Plasma Electrolytic Polishing Conditions on Surface Roughness of Steel." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 55 (3) (June 15, 2019): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3244425.

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Anodic polishing of medium carbon steel (0.45 wt.% C) and austenitic stainless steel 12X18H10T in aqueous electrolytes based on ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate is studied under conditions of natural or force convection. Surface roughness, weight loss of the samples, and the current as a result of polishing are measured. A possibility of the plasma electrolytic polishing using a setup for anodic thermal chemical treatment of compounds with their longitudinal flowing by electrolyte is shown. Polishing regimes are determined to decrease the initial surface roughness of the steels from <em>R

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20

Pilyugina, Yulia A., Elena V. Kuzmina, and Vladimir S. Kolosnitsyn. "Hydrolytic and oxidative stability of sulfide solid electrolytes." Electrochemical Energetics 25, no. 2 (2025): 68–73. https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2025-25-2-68-73.

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The hydrolytic and oxidative stability of sulfide solid electrolytes Li7P3S11 and Li3PS4 at different humidity of the gas environment (air and argon) was studied. It was found that increasing the air humidity the oxidation rate of sulfide solid electrolytes also increases. It was shown that the oxidation rate of sulfide solid electrolytes depends on their composition. Thus, Li7P3S11 electrolyte has higher oxidation stability in the humid air compared to Li3PS4. Lithium sulfate is the main oxidation product of sulfide solid electrolytes.

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Scheler, Irene, та Dietrich W. Wabner. "The Influence of High Concentrations of Fluoride on the Electrosynthesis of Peroxodisulfates at β-PbO2 Anodes". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, № 6 (1990): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0622.

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During electrolysis with β-PbO2 anodes in acidic sulfate electrolytes high current efficiencies of peroxodisulfate are obtained (60-70%) when high amounts of fluoride (1 Mol · 1-1 to 3 Mol · 1-1) are added to the electrolyte. This reaction is examined by means of current efficiency of peroxodisulfate, rate of ozone formation, polarization curves, and impedance measurements. The reason for the high current efficiencies is the formation of fluorosulfonic acid in the electrolyte and its reaction with the OH-radical (from the discharge of H2O) to form HSO4-radicals.

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22

Zhumasheva, Nazerke, Leyla Kudreeva, Akmerey Kalyyeva, and Gulzhan Badavamova. "Electrodeposition process of perrhenate ions from KNO3 and Na2SO4 background electrolytes in the presence of citric acid." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb1087.

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Processes involved in the electrodeposition of perrhenate ions were studied from two different potassium nitrate and sodium sulfate background electrolytes in the presence of citric acid on graphite electrode by cyclic voltammetry method. Anodic and cathodic potentials of deposited film were determined. After electrolysis process, morphology and content of obtained deposited layers were investigated by SEM and X-Ray methods. The coated film from sodium sulfate background electrolyte was not uniform and Re content was 60.83-65.5%, in case of potassium nitrate electrolyte, the deposited film was

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Майзелис, А.А., Б.И. Байрачный та Г.Г. Тульский. "Контактное вытеснение меди в процессах меднения деталей из углеродистой стали". Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 53, № 3 (2017): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1053527.

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The process of copper contact displacement by the carbon steel surface in a weak low-concentrated sulfate electrolyte and in electrolytes containing copper complexes with glycine, tartrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate was studied. A method of analyzing the particular reactions of interaction of steel surface and copper-containing electrolytes in the absence of current was used. The parameters of contact exchange kinetics were determined by computer processing of arrays of coordinates of particular polarization dependencies of cathodic copper deposition in electrolytes and anodic dissolution

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Yeboah, Yaw D., M. Rahat Saeed, and Augustine K. K. Lee. "Strontium sulfate precipitation from electrolyte solutions." AIChE Journal 40, no. 8 (1994): 1422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400815.

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Kozlov, I. A., B. L. Krit, N. V. Morozova, M. V. Gerasimov, and I. V. Suminov. "Plasma Electrolytic Coatings Obtained on VT1-0 Titanium at Short Treatment Duration." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 58, no. 6 (2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2022.58.6.13.

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A possibility of obtaining thin continuous plasma-electrolyte protective oxide coatings on VT1-0 titanium in a nickel sulfate alkaline electrolyte without the addition of silicates in the sparking mode was studied. The elemental composition and the microstructure of coatings manufactured via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) both on the substrate and after the destruction of the coating in 25% sulfuric acid were studied. As a result of the research, a possibility of forming thin (1 μm – 7 μm) continuous PEO coatings, with a treatment duration of 3–10 min, respectively, was established. The i

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Daemi, Sahar, Sherdil Khan, Chengcan Xiao, Hervin Errol Mendoza, and Frank E. Osterloh. "(Digital Presentation) Surface Photovoltage Provides Quasi Fermi Level Splitting and Minority Carrier Electrochemical Potential of BiVO4 /Liquid Junctions Under Illumination." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 48 (2022): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481836mtgabs.

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The solar energy conversion efficiency of semiconductor-liquid junctions is determined by their photovoltage and by their photocurrent under illumination. Photoelectrochemistry (PEC) gives information on the current, but not on the photovoltage or the quasi Fermi level splitting (qFLS), which for slow redox couples is obscured by kinetic overpotentials and surface states. Here we show that surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) provides direct measurement of the qFLS potential in BiVO4-electrolyte contacts. Measurements were done with a vibrating Kelvin probe on FTO deposited BiVO4 films in c

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Marinova, Delyana, Mariya Kalapsazova, Zlatina Zlatanova, Liuda Mereacre, Ekaterina Zhecheva, and Radostina Stoyanova. "Lithium Manganese Sulfates as a New Class of Supercapattery Materials at Elevated Temperatures." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134798.

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To make supercapattery devices feasible, there is an urgent need to find electrode materials that exhibit a hybrid mechanism of energy storage. Herein, we provide a first report on the capability of lithium manganese sulfates to be used as supercapattery materials at elevated temperatures. Two compositions are studied: monoclinic Li2Mn(SO4)2 and orthorhombic Li2Mn2(SO4)3, which are prepared by a freeze-drying method followed by heat treatment at 500 °C. The electrochemical performance of sulfate electrodes is evaluated in lithium-ion cells using two types of electrolytes: conventional carbonat

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Choi, Seung Ah, Eun Ji Park, Young Hun Kim, et al. "Screening of Electrolyte Complexes Formed Between Dextran Sulfate and Amine Structures of Small-Molecule Drugs." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 7 (2021): 3679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19157.

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Formation of an electrolyte complex using the electrostatic interactions between a polyanionic polymer and a cationic drug is a simple and efficient method of preparing a colloidal drug carrier system. Dextran sulfate, with a negatively charged sulfate group, was reacted in an acetate buffer solution of pH 3 with positively charged 1° amine, 2° amine, 3° amine, piperazine, and piperidine structures from 24 small-molecule drugs. The electrolyte complex was formed from 15 drugs, 63% of those tested. The tendency to form the electrolyte complex was in the order of piperazine and piperidine >3°

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Li, Jie. "Towards Highly Efficient Lithium-Ion Batteries: Focusing on Electrolytes." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 29 (January 31, 2023): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v29i.4553.

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Lithium-ion is various advantages and is required by batteries such as high power, so lithium-ion plays a crucial role in lithium-ion batteries. The electrolyte is one of the core materials of lithium secondary battery and primary battery capacity, improves the mobility between the mobile anode and cathode, and plays the role of medium material. The lithium-ion battery's electrolyte, a crucial component, transports ion conduction current between the positive and negative electrodes. Choosing the right electrolyte is also essential for achieving high energy and power densities, long cycle lives

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Lugo Islas, Gabriela, Ernesto Gallardo Castán, Jehú Alan Ocaña Badillo, et al. "Electrochemical Evaluation of Phosphated Galvanized Steel." ECS Transactions 110, no. 1 (2023): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11001.0299ecst.

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In this paper, the behavior of corrosion in phosphated galvanized steel without defect and with surface defect is evaluated in electrolyte solutions of sodium chloride at a concentration of 3% and sodium sulfate 0.1 M with the objective of simulating the marine environment with presence of chlorides, and sulfates for the industrial environment. In the experimental methodology, samples of phosphated galvanized steel are used, each of the samples were exposed in the electrolyte of sodium chloride at a concentration of 3% and 0.1 M sodium sulfate. The phosphated galvanized steel was evaluated wit

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Demidenko, I. V., and V. M. Ishimov. "Electrochemical Deposition of ZnS Films from Electrolyte Based on Na2SO3." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 57, no. 5 (2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2021.57.5.20.

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The paper considers the features of electrochemical growth of zinc sulfide from an aqueous electrolyte based on sodium sulfite and zinc sulfate. The conditions for the electrochemical production of ZnS films are determined. It is shown that the value of the potential at which a ZnS layer is formed is limited by the achievement of the critical current due to the diffusion limitations of the electrochemical process of reducing the sulfite ion. It is shown that the resulting films contain an excess of sulfur, which is removed, and the stoichiometric composition is obtained by heat treatment. Aed

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Venkateswarlu, M., T. Balusamy, K. S. N. Murthy, M. Jagadish, and S. Vijayanand. "Effect of magnesium sulfate on the electrochemical behavior of lead electrodes for lead acid batteries." Electrochemical Energy Technology 4, no. 1 (2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2018-0007.

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AbstractThe lead acid battery technology has undergone several modifications in the recent past, in particular, the electrode grid composition, oxide paste recipe with incorporation of foreign additives into the electrodes and similarly additives added in the electrolytes to improve electrical performance of the lead acid battery. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of the lead electrodes with different weight/volume percentages (wt./v%) of MgSO4(0.0., 0.5., 1.0., 2.0., and 5.0) added into the electrolyte have been investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LS

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Polkovnikov, I. S., V. V. Panteleeva, and A. B. Shein. "ANODIC DISSOLUTION AND PASSIVATION OF Mn5Si3 ELECTRODE IN ACIDIC AND ALKALINE MEDIA." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Химия» = Bulletin of Perm University. CHEMISTRY 9, no. 3 (2019): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2223-1838-2019-3-250-265.

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Anodic behavior of Mn5Si3 electrode in sulfuric acid and alkaline solutions was studied by polariza-tion and impedance measurements.It was concluded that the surface of manganese silicide in a sulfate electrolyte is coated with an oxide film similar in composition to SiO2, and in an alkaline electrolyte it is enriched with manganese and its oxidation products. For sulfate electrolyte, the thickness and resis-tivity of the oxide film were calculated depending on the potential and composition of the solution. For an alkaline electrolyte, the change in the thickness of the passivating film was ca

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Shakil, Ragib, Yeasin Arafat Tarek, Chanchal Kumar Roy, and Al-Nakib Chowdury. "Designing High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors from Waste Jute and Bio-Electrolyte." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 14511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.14511ecst.

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The performance of porous carbon (PC)-based supercapacitor especially the energy density for the most part is dependent on its electrolytic system. Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is the most studied neutral aqueous electrolyte system studied so far for the PC-based electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC). But the theoretical value for the working potential of Na2SO4 is limited to only 1.23 V, and hence it limits the energy density of the storage system. Here, we are reporting the fabrication of a supercapacitor electrode derived from waste jute using the bio- electrolyte sodium acetate (SA) as an alt

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Václavíková, E., and F. Kvasnička. "Isotachophoretic determination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in dietary supplements." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 1 (2013): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/107/2012-cjfs.

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Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, components of normal cartilage, are used as ingredients in dietary supplements intended to treat osteoarthritis and/or to support joint health. Of concern is the documented lack of quality in many of the marketed products. We present here a capillary isotachophoretic method for the determination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in dietary supplements. Cationic analysis of glucosamine was performed with a leading electrolyte consisting of 10mM NH<sub>4</sub>OH + 20mM acetic acid. As the leading electrolyte for anionic analysis of chondroiti

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Xiaohui, Yang, Sun Xiaoying, Chen Jianjun, Liu Yunhang, and Wang Xinling. "Study of hyperbranched poly(glycidol) sulfate electrolyte." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 90, no. 5 (2003): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12531.

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Polischuk, S. D., Yu A. Stekolnikov, D. G. Churilov, et al. "Peculiarities of Chromium Coating in Low-Concentrated Electrolytes when Repairing Details." Key Engineering Materials 836 (March 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.836.151.

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The physical-mechanical properties of chromium coatings from low-concentrated electrolytes with additions of organic substances were studied when comparing with similar ones from standard sulphate electrolyte. It has been established that the properties of chromium coatings from low concentrated electrolytes are superior to those of standard sulphate electrolyte. An additional advantage of low-concentrated electrolytes is less carry-over of chromium anhydrate through ventilation and wash water, which reduces the cost of cleaning them when they are discharged. However, under operating condition

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Walkowiak, Mariusz, Monika Osińska, Teofil Jesionowski, and Katarzyna Siwińska-Stefańska. "Synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid TiO2/SiO2 filler for lithium conducting gel electrolytes." Open Chemistry 8, no. 6 (2010): 1311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0110-3.

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AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and properties of a new type of ceramic fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes. Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 ceramic powders have been obtained by co-precipitation from titanium(IV) sulfate solution using sodium silicate as the precipitating agent. The resulting submicron-size powders have been applied as fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes for Li-ion batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF/HFP) copolymeric membranes. The powders, dry membranes and gel electrolytes have been examined structurally and electroche

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Lee, Juhan, Benjamin Krüner, Aura Tolosa, et al. "Tin/vanadium redox electrolyte for battery-like energy storage capacity combined with supercapacitor-like power handling." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 11 (2016): 3392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee00712k.

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We introduce a high performance hybrid electrochemical energy storage system based on an aqueous electrolyte containing tin sulfate (SnSO<sub>4</sub>) and vanadyl sulfate (VOSO<sub>4</sub>) with nanoporous activated carbon.

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Erasov, V. S., and Yu O. Maltseva. "Obtaining chitosan sulfate nanoparticles in an aqueous medium and their colloidal protection with polysaccharides." Fine Chemical Technologies 19, no. 2 (2024): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2024-19-2-111-126.

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Objectives. To develop a method to obtain a hydrosol of the salt of chitosan with sulfuric acid—chitosanium sulfate (ChS) hydrosol—and to study the effect of various water-soluble polysaccharides on its stability over time, as well as its resistance to indifferent and non-indifferent electrolytes.Methods. κ-Carrageenan, sodium alginate (SA), and xanthan were used as polymers which perform the function of colloidal protection for ChS nanoparticles. Capillary viscometry was used to study the viscosity of polymer solutions, their molecular weight, and their adsorption on ChS. The stability of the

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Cheng, Kai Hung, and Motoaki Kawase. "Electrolyte Effects in Ethanol Electro-Reforming at Anode with Acetaldehyde As Target Product." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 58 (2024): 3904. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02583904mtgabs.

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Introduction The development of the electrolysis hydrogen production process has been vigorously promoted due to the widespread use of hydrogen energy. However, the oxygen produced as a byproduct during this process has not been effectively utilized. Therefore, this research focuses on the production of chemical compounds through organic electrosynthesis in place of oxygen generation as the anode reaction, examining selectivity and reaction rates. Specifically, this study targets the synthesis of acetaldehyde from the oxidation of ethanol. Currently, acetaldehyde is produced from ethylene thro

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Chernyavina, Valentina V., Yaroslava A. Dyshlovaya, and Alexandra G. Berezhnaya. "Influence of composition of cathodic deposition electrolyte on morphology and capacity properties of MnO2 film." Electrochemical Energetics 25, no. 2 (2025): 74–86. https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2025-25-2-74-86.

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Manganese oxide was obtained by cathodic electrochemical deposition from the electrolyte solutions adding sodium nitrate or sulfate. The structural characteristics and the elemental composition of the MnO2 samples were studied by energy dispersive microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes were determined by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopy in 0.5M Na2SO4 solution. The dependence of the structural and capacitive properties of the MnO2 electrodes on the anion nature in t

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Bakhmatyuk, B. P., О. І. Аksimentyeva, І. Ya Dupliak, and Yu Yu Horbenko. "Electrochemical Properties of Polyaniline in Aqueous Environments of Iodide and Bromide in the System of Electrochemical Energy Source." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 17, no. 2 (2016): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.17.2.234-240.

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The influence on specific discharge characteristics of redox - active iodide and bromide electrolytes of polyaniline as the cathode material in electrochemical energy sources with zinc anode was studied. Electrochemical and capacitive properties of PAN cathode was investigated using galvanostatic, potentiostatic, cyclic voltampermetric and impedance methods. It was established that PAN cathode inherent discharge specific capacity of Ср = 126 A × h × kg-1 with current load і = 103 A × kg-1 in zinc - sulfate electrolyte and Ср = 301 A × h × kg-1 in the same conditions in the presence of KI. Thus

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Cui, Jin, Zehao Zhou, Mengyang Jia, et al. "Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Flexible Framework of SiO2 Nanofibers for Highly Safe Solid Lithium Batteries." Polymers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061324.

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Composite electrolytes consisting of polymers and three-dimensional (3D) fillers are considered to be promising electrolytes for solid lithium batteries owing to their virtues of continuous lithium-ion pathways and good mechanical properties. In the present study, an electrolyte with polyethylene oxide–lithium (bis trifluoromethyl) sulfate–succinonitrile (PLS) and frameworks of three-dimensional SiO2 nanofibers (3D SiO2 NFs) was prepared. Taking advantage of the highly conductive interfaces between 3D SiO2 NFs and PLS, the total conductivity of the electrolyte at 30 °C was approximately 9.32 ×

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Ye, Long, Tianjie Feng, Donald W. Kirk, and Charles Q. Jia. "Can Aqueous Na2SO4-Based Neutral Electrolyte Increase Energy Density of Monolithic Wood Biochar Electrode Supercapacitor?" Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153710.

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The performance of supercapacitors is significantly influenced by both the nature and the concentration of the electrolyte employed. This study investigates the impact of a neutral electrolyte on the electrochemical properties of the maple-derived monolithic wood biochar (MWB)–sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) supercapacitor. The goal is to determine if a neutral electrolyte, in this case Na2SO4, can increase the supercapacitor energy density compared to a previous study employing a KOH electrolyte. Starting from examining the ion sizes and conductivities of salt species in KOH and Na2SO4 electrolytes,

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Sokolov, Artem Yu, Elena A. Shchelokova, Konstantin A. Vorontsov, and Alexandr G. Kasikov. "Complex recycling of spent copper electrolyte." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 1, no. 1/2023 (2023): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2023.14.1.041.

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The paper presents data on obtaining valuable metal salts from the spent copper electrolyte. During its treatment, it is possible to produce copper, zinc sulfate solution, iron(III) oxide, nickel carbonate, and dilute sulfuric acid.

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Nurrudin, Ahmad, Brian Yuliarto, Suyatman, and Agung Sriwongo. "Formation of Porous Anodic Alumina from Impure Aluminum Foil in Inorganic Acids." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.89.

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The morphology of porous anodic alumina (PAA) formed by anodizing in inorganic electrolytes is reported. An impure aluminum was anodized in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and chromic acidat room temperature with a constant applied potential 2 – 30 V. The formation of porous anodic alumina was carried out by one and two steps anodization. It is clearly noted that anodizing impure aluminum at room temperature provide higher kinetic of oxide dissolution compared to oxide growth. Two steps anodizing aluminum in sulfate electrolyte always resulted in random porous alumina, while phosphate electroly

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Zhuko, Ivan, and Arseny Kozyrev. "CLEANING OF THE SPENT SULFATE ELECTROLYTE OF BRILLIANT NICKEL PLATING." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2023, no. 1 (2023): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2023-1-27-28.

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One of the urgent problems is considered – the purification of the spent sulfate electrolyte of brilliant nickel plating. It is shown that the presence of impurities reduces the quality of the nickel coating. Four stages of electrolyte purification from metal salts and decomposition products of gloss-forming agents are proposed

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Babenko, Alexey A. "The effect of phosphogypsum and steel pickling electrolyte on chemical characteristics of paddy soils in the conditions of the Rostov region." Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering 14, no. 1 (2024): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-1-71-88.

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Purpose: to study the effect of various ameliorants and their combinations, as well as leaching on paddy soil characteristics in laboratory conditions for determining the possibility of their further application. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, a soil reclamation survey of paddy fields in Rostov region was carried out. Soil samples analyzes were carried out in an environmental analytical laboratory using generally accepted methods. Soils with different chemistry, degrees of salinity and salinization, and different gypsum content were taken for the laboratory experiment. B

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Viviani, Prisca, Eugenio Gibertini, Vittorio Montanelli, and Luca Magagnin. "Zinc Plating on Inkjet-Printed Ti3C2Tx MXene: Effect of Electrolyte and PEG Additive." Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020682.

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Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are currently being studied as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The nucleation and growth of the zinc deposition mechanism is a critical field of research in ZIBs, as it directly affects the battery efficiency and lifespan. It is of paramount importance in mitigating the formation of porous, dendritic Zn structures that may cause cell inefficiency and, eventually, short-circuiting failures. Interfacial engineering plays a key role in providing reversible plating and stripping of metallic Zn in ZIBs through the proper regulation of the electrode–electrol

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