Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulfate, sulfur removal

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfate, sulfur removal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfate, sulfur removal"

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Liu, Xiao, Deng Ling Jiang, and Yang Yong. "Biological Sulfur and Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2170.

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Based on the summary of biotechnology principles and common processes for the separated desulfurization and denitrogenation in organic wastewater treatment, two novel biotechnologies for simultaneous sulfur and nitrogen removal, which developed from sulfide-dependent denitrification (denitrification with sulfide as electron donor) and sulfate-dependent ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation with sulfate as electron acceptor), were introduced. The reaction mechanism, operating conditions and functional organisms for the new techniques were described. It is considered that the novel process of si
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Kabdasli, Isik, Olcay Tünay, and Derin Orhon. "Sulfate removal from indigo dyeing textile wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 12 (1995): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0451.

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Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industry is a major source of sulfate. Some sulfate sources in the industry have material replacement alternatives. However in some sources, sulfate or species convertible to sulfate are the main materials. The indigo dyeing process involves sulfur species as main materials. In this study, indigo dyeing wastewaters which contain significant concentrations of oxidized and non-oxidized sulfur components are evaluated in terms of sulfate removal. The approach is a pretreatment at the source before being mixe
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Yamashita, Takahiro, and Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto. "Phosphate removal and sulfate reduction in a denitrification reactor packed with iron and wood as electron donors." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 7 (2008): 1405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.728.

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Phosphorus removal and denitrification using iron and wood as electron donors were examined in a laboratory-scale biological filter reactor. Phosphorus removal and denitrification using iron and wood continued for 1,200 days of operation. Wood degradation by heterotrophic denitrification and iron oxidation by hydrogenotrophic denitrification occurred simultaneously. In the biofilm inside the wood, not only heterotrophic denitrification activity but also sulfate reduction and sulfur denitrification activities were recognized inside the wood, indicating that a sulfur oxidation-reduction cycle wa
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Qinglin, Xie, Li Yanhong, Bai Shaoyuan, and Ji Hongda. "Effects of ORP, recycling rate, and HRT on simultaneous sulfate reduction and sulfur production in expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors under micro-aerobic conditions for treating molasses distillery wastewater." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 6 (2012): 1253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.311.

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An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was adopted to incubate the sludge biogranule that could simultaneously achieve sulfate reduction and sulfide reoxidization to elemental sulfur for treating molasses distillery wastewater. The EGSB reactor was operated for 175 days at 35 °C with a pH value of 7.0, chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 4.8 kg COD/(m3 d), and sulfate loading rate of 0.384 kg SO42–/(m3 d). The optimal operation parameters, including the oxidation reduction potential (ORP), recycling rate, and hydraulic retention time (HRT), were established to obtain stable an
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MCFEETERS, R. F. "Use and Removal of Sulfite by Conversion to Sulfate in the Preservation of Salt-Free Cucumbers†." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 7 (1998): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.7.885.

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Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) were microbiologically stable in cover liquid containing 300 ppm of added sodium metabisulfite (calculated as SO2), 20 mM calcium chloride, and HCl to give an equilibrated pH of 3.5. The sulfur(IV) oxoanions could be easily removed to nondetectable levels (<3 ppm) by addition of an equimolar amount of hydrogen peroxide, which rapidly converted S(IV) primarily to sulfate ions. When sulfur(IV) oxoanions were removed from stored fresh cucumbers, 85% of the added metabisulfite could be accounted for by formation of sulfate ions. If cucumbers were heated before ad
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Liu, Shulei, Yasong Chen, and Lin Xiao. "Metagenomic insights into mixotrophic denitrification facilitated nitrogen removal in a full-scale A2/O wastewater treatment plant." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250283.

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important for pollutant removal from wastewater, elimination of point discharges of nutrients into the environment and water resource protection. The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) process is widely used in WWTPs for nitrogen removal, but the requirement for additional organics to ensure a suitable nitrogen removal efficiency makes this process costly and energy consuming. In this study, we report mixotrophic denitrification at a low COD (chemical oxygen demand)/TN (total nitrogen) ratio in a full-scale A2/O WWTP with relatively high sulfate in the inlet.
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Nicomrat, Duongruitai. "Characteristics of Cultivated Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria Community Isolated from Coal Mine Treatment Plant in H2S Removal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 848 (July 2016): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.848.127.

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Sulfur cycling based on biological oxidation of sulfide to sulfate involves sulfur-oxidizing reducing microbial communities associated with sulfide which normally oxidize sulfide in acidic environment to sulfate. The chemolithotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) usually use organic and/ or inorganic sulfide initially oxidizing and subsequently released sulfate under aerobic or subaerobic condition. This study was to understand SOB community isolated from coal mine treating plant at Mae Moh, Lampang and their potentials in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal. In this result, with common heterotr
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Zhang, Yu, Lijian Sun, and Jiti Zhou. "Simultaneous Biological and Chemical Removal of Sulfate and Fe(II)EDTA-NO in Anaerobic Conditions and Regulation of Sulfate Reduction Products." Minerals 9, no. 6 (2019): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060330.

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In the simultaneous flue gas desulfurization and denitrification by biological combined with chelating absorption technology, SO2 and NO are converted into sulfate and Fe(II)EDTA-NO which need to be reduced in biological reactor. Increasing the removal loads of sulfate and Fe(II)EDTA-NO and converting sulfate to elemental sulfur will benefit the application of this process. A moving-bed biofilm reactor was adopted for sulfate and Fe(II)EDTA-NO biological reduction. The removal efficiencies of the sulfate and Fe(II)EDTA-NO were 96% and 92% with the influent loads of 2.88 kg SO42−·m−3·d−1 and 0.
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Zhao, Chang Qing, Qin Huan Yang, and Wu Yong Chen. "Kinetics for Sulfate Removal in Tannery Wastewater by Immobilized Activated Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1135.

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The anaerobic activated sludge inoculated with an isolated SRB was immobilized on the granular activated carbon and the kinetics for the immobilized anaerobic sludge treating the sulfate in tannery wastewater was studied. Also, the aerobic activated sludge containing enriched SOB was immobilized and the kinetics for the sulfur conversion was studied with the immobilized aerobic sludge through treating sulfide (the reduction product of SO42-) in tannery wastewater. The results showed that the kinetics for treating SO42-with the immobilized SRB in the actual tannery wastewater could be expressed
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Ackerley, Duncan, Eleanor J. Highwood, David J. Frame, and Ben B. B. Booth. "Changes in the Global Sulfate Burden due to Perturbations in Global CO2 Concentrations." Journal of Climate 22, no. 20 (2009): 5421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2536.1.

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Abstract A large ensemble of general circulation model (GCM) integrations coupled to a fully interactive sulfur cycle scheme were run on the climateprediction.net platform to investigate the uncertainty in the climate response to sulfate aerosol and carbon dioxide (CO2) forcing. The sulfate burden within the model (and the atmosphere) depends on the balance between formation processes and deposition (wet and dry). The wet removal processes for sulfate aerosol are much faster than dry removal and so any changes in atmospheric circulation, cloud cover, and precipitation will feed back on the sul
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfate, sulfur removal"

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Garg, Bharti. "Regeneration of sulfur rich amines in a combined capture system aimed to lower the cost of PCC in Australian coal fired power plants." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/175529.

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Coal is the dominant and most reliable source of energy in Australia. However, the increasing global temperatures and its impact on the climate raises concerns on the use of coal worldwide. Due to availability of abundant, cheap quality coals, Australia is researching how it and its international customers can continue to use its abundant coal resources whilst limiting greenhouse emissions. Hence, low CO2 emitting energy technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) have an important role to play not only in power but also the cement and steel industries Post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC),
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Khanongnuch, Ramita. "Hydrogen sulfide removal from synthetic biogas using anoxic biofilm reactors." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2053.

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L’objectif de cette étude a été de développer et étudier des bioréacteurs anoxiques pour l’élimination du soufre des flux de déchets liquides, et d’évaluer l’intégration du processus pour le traitement simultané des flux gazeux contaminés au H2S et des eaux usées contenant du NO3-.Les expériences relatives à l’oxydation du soufre dans la phase liquide ont été évaluées dans deux bioréacteurs à croissance fixe différents, à savoir un réacteur à lit fluidisé (RLF) et un réacteur filtrant sur lit mobile (RFLM), inoculés par une bactérie ayant la capacité de réduire les nitrates et d’oxyder le souf
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Gilardi, Lorenza. "Removal of hydrogen sulfide from an air stream using UV light." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206747.

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Volatile sulfur compounds are cause of concern because, when present in high concentrations, they constitute a danger for health because of their strong toxicity. Furthermore, for low concentrations, they are often a cause of complaint, because of their low odor threshold. In this context, the purpose of this Thesis is to evaluate a new technology for the abatement of sulfur-based malodorous compounds. The investigated technology consists in the use of ozone generating low-pressure UV mercury lamps, operating at room temperature. Hydrogen sulfide is often found in industrial processes, (e.g. W
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Mokmeli, Mohammad. "Kinetics of selenium and tellurium removal with cuprous ion from copper sulfate-sulfuric acid solution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46407.

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Dissemination of selenium and tellurium in pyritic ores and many of the sulphide minerals results in the contamination of pregnant leach solutions and electrolytes in hydrometallurgical treatment of sulphide ores and residues. In an effort to reduce the detrimental effects of selenium and tellurium, it has been of great interest to remove selenium and tellurium from contaminated solutions to lower levels than allowed in regulations, product specifications or process requirements. The selenium and tellurium content of the solution may be reduced into insoluble precipitates of copper selenides a
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Petre, Cătălin Florin. "Alkaline oxidation of hydrosulfide and methyl mercaptide by iron/cerium oxide-hydroxide in presence of dissolved oxygen : possible application for removal of Total Reduced Sulfur (TRS) emissions in the Pulp & Paper industry." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19640.

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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2006-2007<br>Le sulfure d'hydrogène (H2S) et le méthyle-mercaptan (MM) sont les contaminants odorants les plus abondants parmi le quatuor qui compose les soufres réduits totaux (SRT) (H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S, (CH3)2S2) dans les émissions atmosphériques des industries papetières Kraft. L'association de SRT avec suffisamment d'oxygène peut être exploitée sur la base de la chimie du fer, pour convertir les SRT gazeux en produits non-volatils et non-odorants. Le procédé utilise l'oxyde-hydroxyde de Fe/Ce (Fe/CeOx) dans des solut
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Žíla, Radim. "Možnosti odstranění zápachu na stokové síti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392218.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the possibility of removing odor on the sewer network. The first part of the research describes how the odor is generally perceived and what legislation regulates its quantity in the air. The second part of the research focuses on problems of formation of smelting sulfate on the sewer network. This section describes the formation of sulfane as a major component of odor. Further disclosed are methods for its removal, and the ways in which the odor is measured. The practical part deals with laboratory testing of pre-selected fillings in order to determine their abil
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Gasquet, Valentine. "Epuration d’H2S du biogaz à partir de résidus de traitement thermique bruts et formulés : Comparaison des performances et compréhension des mécanismes d’adsorption." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI106.

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Le biogaz est un vecteur énergétique renouvelable, local, non intermittent et aux multiples usages. Avant toute forme de valorisation, il est cependant nécessaire d’épurer ce gaz. Cette épuration consiste notamment à l’abattement du sulfure d’hydrogène (ou H2S). Celui-ci peut être traité par adsorption sur des matériaux nobles tels que le charbon actif. Afin de s’inscrire dans l’économie circulaire tout en réduisant les coûts de traitement, l’idée est d’utiliser des résidus de traitement thermiques, proches des adsorbants traditionnels, pour éliminer l’H2S du biogaz. Dans un premier temps, une
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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfate, sulfur removal"

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Hurse, Timothy J., Ulrike Kappler, and Jürg Keller. "Using Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria for the Removal of Sulfide from Wastewater." In Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6863-8_22.

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Cao, Xuejiao, Ting-an Zhang, Yan Liu, Weiguang Zhang, and Simin Li. "Oxidation Study of Zinc Sulfite on the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Aluminum Electrolysis Flue Gas by Zinc Oxide." In Light Metals 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36408-3_84.

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Rickard, David. "Pyrite and the Global Environment." In Pyrite. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203672.003.0012.

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The two basic processes concerning pyrite in the environment are the formation of pyrite, which usually involves reduction of sulfate to sulfide, and the destruction of pyrite, which usually involves oxidation of sulfide to sulfate. On an ideal planet these two processes might be exactly balanced. But pyrite is buried in sediments sometimes for hundreds of millions of years, and the sulfur in this buried pyrite is removed from the system, so the balance is disturbed. The lack of balance between sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction powers a global dynamic cycle for sulfur. This would be complex enough if this were the whole story. However, as we have seen, both the reduction and oxidation arms of the global cycle are essentially biological—specifically microbiological—processes. This means that there is an intrinsic link between the sulfur cycle and life on Earth. In this chapter, we examine the central role that pyrite plays, and has played, in determining the surface environment of the planet. In doing so we reveal how pyrite, the humble iron sulfide mineral, is a key component of maintaining and developing life on Earth. In Chapter 4 we concluded that Mother Nature must be particularly fond of pyrite framboids: a thousand billion of these microscopic raspberry-like spheres are formed in sediments every second. If we translate this into sulfur production, some 60 million tons of sulfur is buried as pyrite in sediments each year. But this is only a fraction of the total amount of sulfide produced every year by sulfate-reducing bacteria. In 1982 the Danish geomicrobiologist Bo Barker Jørgensen discovered that as much as 90% of the sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria was rapidly reoxidized by sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. Sulfate-reducing microorganisms actually produce about 300 million tons of sulfur each year, but about 240 million tons is reoxidized. The magnitude of the sulfide production by sulfate-reducing bacte­ria can be appreciated by comparison with the sulfur produced by volcanoes. As discussed in Chapter 5, it was previously supposed that all sulfur, and thus pyrite, had a volcanic origin. In fact volcanoes produce just 10 million tons of sulfur each year.
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Berner, Robert A. "Atmospheric O2 over Phanerozoic Time." In The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195173338.003.0008.

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The chemical reactions that affect atmospheric O2 on a multimillion-year time scale involve the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust that undergo oxidation and reduction. This includes carbon, sulfur, and iron. (Other redox elements, such as manganese, are not abundant enough to have an appreciable effect on O2.) Iron is the most abundant of the three, but it plays only a minor role in O2 control (Holland, 1978). This is because during oxidation the change between Fe+2 and Fe+3 involves the uptake of only one-quarter of an O2 molecule, whereas the oxidation of sulfide to sulfate involves two O2 molecules, and the oxidation of reduced carbon, including organic matter and methane, involves between one and two O2 molecules. The same stoichiometry applies to reduction of the three elements. Because iron is not sufficiently abundant enough to counterbalance its low relative O2 consumption/release, the iron cycle is omitted in most discussions of controls on atmospheric oxygen. In contrast, the sulfur cycle, although subsidiary to the carbon cycle as to its effect on atmospheric O2, is nevertheless non-negligible and must be included in any discussion of the evolution of atmospheric O2. In this chapter the methods and results of modeling the long-term carbon and sulfur cycles are presented in terms of calculations of past levels of atmospheric oxygen. The modeling results are then compared with independent, indirect evidence of changes in O2 based on paleobiological observations and experimental studies that simulate the response of forest fires to changes in the levels of O2. Because the sulfur cycle is not discussed anywhere else in this book, it is briefly presented first. The long-term sulfur cycle is depicted as a panorama in figure 6.1. Sulfate is added to the oceans, via rivers, originating from the oxidative weathering of pyrite (FeS2) and the dissolution of calcium sulfate minerals (gypsum and anhydrite) on the continents. Volcanic, metamorphic/hydrothermal, and diagenetic reactions add reduced sulfur to the oceans and atmosphere where it is oxidized to sulfate. Sulfur is removed from the oceans mainly via formation of sedimentary pyrite and calcium sulfate.
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"Pollution Control." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0017.

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Coal is now used mainly as fuel for the production of electricity. Worldwide about 28% of commercial energy production depends on coal. In the United States it is about 31% and in some coal rich but oil poor countries such as China, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic the figures are 73%, 56%, 95% and 86%, respectively (1). Because of the ample supply of available coal, dependence on coal as an energy source will probably remain high for some time to come. However, coal is the most polluting of all fuels; its main pollutants are sulfur dioxide and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Depending on its origin, coal contains between 1 and 2.5% or more sulfur. This sulfur comes in three forms: pyrite (FeS2), organic bound sulfur, and a very small amount of sulfates (2). Upon combustion, about 15% of the total sulfur is retained in the ashes. The rest is emitted with flue gases, mostly as SO2 but also, to a lesser extent, as SO3. This mixture is frequently referred to as SOx (2). The three basic approaches to the control of SOx emission are prepurification of coal before combustion, removal of sulfur during combustion, and purification of flue gases. The first approach, referred to as a benefication process, is based on a difference in specific gravity between coal (sp gr = 1.2–1.5) and pyrite (sp gr = 5). Although the technical arrangements may vary, in essence the procedure involves floating the crushed coal in a liquid of specific gravity between that of pure coal and that of pyrite. Coal is removed from the surface while pyrite and other minerals settle to the bottom. Coal benefication can reduce sulfur content by about 40% (2). Although gravity separation is presently the only procedure in use, research was initiated on microbial purification of coal. A research project conducted by the Institute of Gas Technology, with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, was aimed at the development of genetically engineered bacteria capable of removing organic sulfur from coal. Inorganic sulfur can be removed by the naturally occurring bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (3).
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Bianchi, Thomas S. "Sulfur Cycle." In Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160826.003.0022.

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Sulfur (S) is an important redox element in estuaries because of its linkage with biogeochemical processes such as SO42− reduction (Howarth and Teal, 1979; Jørgensen, 1982; Luther et al., 1986; Roden and Tuttle, 1992, 1993a,b; Miley and Kiene, 2004), pyrite (FeS2) formation (Giblin, 1988; Hsieh and Yang, 1997; Morse and Wang, 1997), metal cycling (Krezel and Bal, 1999; Leal et al., 1999; Tang et al., 2000), ecosystem energetics (King et al., 1982; Howarth and Giblin, 1983; Howes et al., 1984), and atmospheric S emissions (Dacey et al., 1987; Turner et al., 1996; Simo et al., 1997). The range of oxidations for S intermediates formed in each of these processes is between +VI and −II. Many of the important naturally occurring molecular species of S are shown in table 12.1. On a global scale, most of the S is located in the lithosphere; however, there are important interactions between the hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere where important transfers of S occur (Charlson, 2000). For example, coal and biomass burning, along with volcano emissions inject SO2 into the atmosphere, which can then be further oxidized in the atmosphere and removed as SO42− in rainwater (Galloway, 1985). An example of biogenic sulfur formation is the reduction of seawater SO42− to sulfide by phytoplankton and eventual incorporation of the S into dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). DMSP, in turn, is converted to volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS; CH3SCH3)m which is emitted to the atmosphere. In the seawater, SO42− represents one of the major ions, with concentrations that range from 24 to 28 mM, which is considerably higher than the concentrations found in freshwaters (∼0.1 mM). This marked difference makes seawater the major input to estuaries and sets up an important gradient in estuarine biogeochemical cycling. In this chapter, the focus will be on the nonanthropogenic biogenic transformations of S that are relevant to biogeochemical cycling in estuarine and coastal waters. Approximately 50% of the global flux of S to the atmosphere is derived from marine emissions of DMS. Oxidation of DMS in the atmosphere leads to production of SO42− aerosols, which can influence global climate patterns (Charlson et al., 1987; Andreae and Crutzen, 1997).
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Bensch, W. "Hydrotreating: Removal of Sulfur from Crude Oil Fractions with Sulfide Catalysts." In Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097774-4.00723-3.

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Zhang, Xiao, Yueyun Zhu, Qinqin Han, et al. "Pd (CH3COO)2 and MIL-101 (Cr) Composites: A Novel In-situ Oxidation Catalyst for the Removal of BT from Fuel Oil Under Neutral Condition." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220245.

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In the field of environmental science research, an important research direction is to find a suitable, effective, material and method for desulphurization of fossil fuels and prevent the release of sulfide in fuels into the environment. In this study, a novel catalyst consisting of Pd(CH3COO)2 and MIL-101(Cr) was used to study the sulfur oxidation of organic sulfides, which are difficult to treat, In simulated fuel oil. The optimum reaction conditions were discussed, including the loading of The optimum reaction conditions were discussed, including reaction temperature, the content of Pd in MIL-101(Cr), catalyst dosage, initial BT concentration and cycle times. The BT conversion efficiency of the catalyst in simulated fuel is 88.77%, It shows that the catalyst has good desulfurization performance.
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Whiteman, C. David. "Air Pollution Dispersion." In Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.003.0021.

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Air pollutants are harmful airborne substances (solids, liquids, or gases) that, when present in high-enough concentrations, threaten human health or welfare, harm vegetation, animals, or structures, or affect visibility. Visibility alone is not, however, a reliable indicator of the presence of pollutants. A visible plume of condensed water vapor from an industrial cooling tower decreases solar radiation and increases the frequency of fog and icy road conditions near the cooling tower, but it is not an air pollution plume because it is composed entirely of water. In contrast, an industrial pollutant plume may be nearly invisible after the gross particulate matter has been removed by pollution control equipment, but it may still contain large quantities of pollutant gases. Air pollutants can come from either natural or anthropogenic (human) sources. The distinction between the two categories is not always clear. Natural emissions include ash and dust from volcanoes, certain highly volatile chemicals from forests, aeroallergens such as ragweed pollen, wind-entrained dust from natural land surfaces, and smoke and ash from wildfires. Wind-entrained dust can, however, come from roadways or land surfaces that have been disturbed by man, some aeroallergens come from plant species introduced to a new habitat by man, and many fires are prescribed fires —natural or man-made fires (whether accidental or deliberate) that are allowed to burn in order to meet forest or land management objectives. Pollutants can be emitted directly into the atmosphere (primary pollutants] or produced in the atmosphere (secondary pollutants) as a result of chemical or physical transformations of primary pollutants when exposed to other components of air, including other pollutants or water vapor. Examples of transformations include the clumping or coagulation of small particulates into larger particles and the conversion of sulfur dioxide gas emitted from coal-fired power plants to particulate sulfates under humid conditions or to acid rain droplets if clouds are present. Some secondary pollutants, such as photochemical smog or ozone, result from photochemical reactions, that is, chemical reactions that occur only in the presence of solar radiation. Pollutants may come from point, area, or line sources; the emissions may be continuous or intermittent; and the source strength may be variable or constant.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfate, sulfur removal"

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Shifler, David A. "The Increasing Complexity of Hot Corrosion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65281.

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It has been conjectured that if sulfur in fuel is removed, engine materials will cease to experience attack from hot corrosion, since this sulfur has been viewed as the primary cause of hot corrosion and sulfidation. Historically, hot corrosion has been defined as an accelerated degradation process that generally involves deposition of corrosive species (e.g., sulfates) from the surrounding environment (e.g., combustion gas) onto the surface of hot components, resulting in destruction of the protective oxide scale. Most papers in the literature, since the 1970s, consider sodium sulfate salt as
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Shifler, David A. "The Increasing Complexity of Corrosion in Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90111.

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Abstract Removal of fuel sulfur assumes that hot corrosion events will subsequently end in shipboard and aero gas turbine engines. Most papers in the literature since the 1970s consider Na2SO4 and SO3 as the primary reactants causing hot corrosion. However, several geographical sites around the world have relatively high pollutant levels (particulate matter, SO2, etc.) that have the potential to initiate high-temperature corrosion. The deposit chemistry influencing hot corrosion is more complex consisting of multiple sulfates and silicates with the addition of chlorides in a marine environment
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3

Gamal, Hany, Saad Al-Afnan, Salaheldin Elkatatny, and Mohamed Bahgat. "Increasing ESP Lifetime by Employing Novel Non-Corrosive Acid System for Scales Removal." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204405-ms.

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Abstract The scales precipitated on the electric submersible pump (ESP) will lead to trapped heat, lower the motor's cooling capacity, decrease the pump lifetime, and finally pump failure. Removal of oil field scales commonly requires low pH acid that can cause corrosion, hydrogen sulfide evolution, ferric and ferrous hydroxide precipitation, iron sulfide as a by-product, and/or sulfur precipitation. Scales typically occur in the near wellbore, tubing, downhole pumps, and surface equipment. A mineral deposition is widespread with a change in pressure, temperature, pH, and incompatible mixing b
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Gamal, Hany, Salaheldin Elkatatny, Abdulaziz A. Al-Majed, Saad Al-Afnan, and Mohamed Bahgat. "Increasing ESP Lifetime by Employing Novel Non-Corrosive Acid System for Scales Removal." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22512-ea.

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Abstract The scales precipitated on the electric submersible pump (ESP) will lead to trapped heat, lower the motor's cooling capacity, decrease the pump lifetime, and finally pump failure. Removal of oil field scales commonly requires low pH acid that can cause corrosion, hydrogen sulfide evolution, ferric and ferrous hydroxide precipitation, iron sulfide as a by-product, and/or sulfur precipitation. Scales typically occur in the near wellbore, tubing, downhole pumps, and surface equipment. A mineral deposition is widespread with a change in pressure, temperature, pH, and incompatible mixing b
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Liu, Chunshuang, Yadong Guo, and Chaocheng Zhao. "An innovative process for simultaneous carbon and sulfur removal treating high strength sulfate laden organic wastewater." In 2013 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Engineering. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icbeee130511.

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6

Valkanas, Michelle M., and Nancy Trun. "DOES CRYPTIC SULFUR CYCLING IN AN AMD PASSIVE REMEDIATION SYSTEM PREVENT THE REMOVAL OF HIGH SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340636.

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7

Khawaji, Akili D., and Jong-Mihn Wie. "Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50051.

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The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and s
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Boren, Richard M., Charles F. Hammel, and Mark R. Bleckinger. "Multi-Pollution Removal System Using Oxides of Manganese." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52081.

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Pending legislation suggests there will be a need for increased removal of NOx, SO2, Hg (Mercury) and PM 2.5 from coal-fired power plants. Current commercial technologies only handle one of these pollutants so several different technologies must be combined to remove all of these pollutants. The Pahlman™ Process developed by Enviroscrub Technologies removes NOx, SO2 and Hg in one step. The Pahlman™ Process is a sorbent-based technology, which utilizes a proprietary Oxides of Manganese compound to remove SO2, NOx and Hg. The sorbent is spray-dried into the exhaust duct downstream of the current
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Lee, Heung N., Sang-Hoon Kang, Hong Joo Ahn, Wook Hyun Sohn, and Kwang Yong Jee. "Determination of 35S in Radioisotope Wastes by a Wet Oxidation." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7291.

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The oxidation studies of a sulfur to a sulfate ion by various oxyhalide oxidants in organic (thiourea, methionine) and inorganic (sulfate, thiophosphate) compounds were carried out in an acidic solution. The optimized result of the oxidation reaction was obtained when a bromate compound (BrO3−) as an oxidant and a 3 M HNO3 solvent. The chemical yield for the oxidation of the organic and inorganic sulfur compounds to a sulfate ion was monitored as 80% for thiophosphate, 87% for methionine, and 100% for thiourea and sulfate within 5% RSD. The oxidation of thiourea required at least 1.6 equivalen
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10

Roberts, Joseph A., and Rachel S. Roberts. "A Novel Approach to Eliminating Sulfur Deposition in Liquid Redox Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Systems." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/93841-ms.

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