Journal articles: 'Sulfonate polymère'

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Yang, Jung-Eun, Young Taik Hong, and Jae-Suk Lee. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-Poly(arylene ether sulfone)-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer for Proton Exchange Membrane Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.17989.

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The polystyrene-poly(arylene ether sulfone)-polystyrene (PS-PAES-PS) coil-semirod-coil triblock copolymer was synthesized by the condensation reaction of PS-COCl and H2N-PAES-NH2 telechelic polymers. The reaction was facile characterized by high yields with a perfect control over the block lengths. Following a known reaction protocol it was possible to selectively sulfonate the PS block of the triblock copolymer that led to the sulfonated copolymer sPS-PAES-sPS. Studies on its proton conductivity and methanol permeability were carried out to evaluate its use as the proton exchange membrane in direct methanol fuel cells. Proton conductivity of the membranes was increased depending on the sulfonic acid group content in the sulfonated polymer. The membranes exhibited good dimensional and thermal stability, and low methanol permeability compared to Nafion 117.

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Tang, Yufang, Tao Hu, Yongde Zeng, Qiang Zhou, and Yongzhen Peng. "Effective adsorption of cationic dyes by lignin sulfonate polymer based on simple emulsion polymerization: isotherm and kinetic studies." RSC Advances 5, no. 5 (2015): 3757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12229a.

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This study describes the synthesis of a lignin sulfonate polymer based on a simple emulsion polymerization from lignin sulfonates derived from the accessible by-products of paper pulp and the adsorption properties of the lignin sulfonate polymer towards dyes.

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Ghavidel Darestani, Nasim, Adrianna Tikka, and Pedram Fatehi. "Sulfonated Lignin-g-Styrene Polymer: Production and Characterization." Polymers 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2018): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080928.

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Among sustainable alternatives for replacing fossil-based chemicals, lignin is widely available on earth, albeit the least utilized component of biomass. In this work, lignin was polymerized with styrene in aqueous emulsion systems. The reaction afforded a yield of 20 wt % under the conditions of 100 g/L lignin concentration, pH 2.5, 0.35 mol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, 5 mol/mol styrene/lignin ratio, 5 wt % initiator, 90 °C, and 2 h. The lignin-g-styrene product under the selected conditions had a grafting degree of 31 mol % of styrene, which was determined by quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The solvent addition to the reaction mixture and deoxygenation did not improve the yield of the polymerization reaction. The produced lignin-g-styrene polymer was then sulfonated using concentrated sulfuric acid. By introducing sulfonate group on the lignin-g-styrene polymers, the solubility and anionic charge density of 92 wt % (in a 10 g/L solution) and −2.4 meq/g, respectively, were obtained. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), static light scattering, two-dimensional COSY NMR, elemental analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were also employed to characterize the properties of the lignin-g-styrene and sulfonate lignin-g-styrene products. Overall, sulfonated lignin-g-styrene polymer with a high anionicity and water solubility was produced.

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Gao, Yushan, Zhidan Zhang, Shuangling Zhong, and Reza Daneshfar. "Preparation and Application of Aromatic Polymer Proton Exchange Membrane with Low-Sulfonation Degree." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020 (October 14, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8834471.

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4,4′-Dichlorodiphenylsulfone-3,3′-disulfonic acid (disodium) salt and 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone were used as sulfonated monomer. 4,4′-Fluorophenyl sulfones were used as the nonsulfonated monomer. 4,4′-Dihydroxy diphenyl ether or 4,4′-thiodibenzenethiol was used as the comonomer. The sulfonated poly (aryl ether sulfone) (SPES) and sulfonated poly (arylene thioether sulfone) (SPTES) with sulfonation degree of 30% and 50% were successfully prepared by nucleophilic polycondensation. Two kinds of aromatic polymer proton exchange membranes were prepared by using sulfonated poly phthalazinone ether ketone (SPPEK) material and fluidization method. The performance of the prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane was researched by the micromorphology, ion exchange capacity, water absorption and swelling rate, oxidation stability, tensile properties, and proton conductivity. Experimental results show that there is no agglomeration in the prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane. The ion exchange capacity is 0.76–1.15 mmol/g. The water absorption and swelling rate increase with the increase of sulfonation degree. The sulfonated poly (aryl ether sulfone) membrane shows better oxidation stability than sulfonated poly (aryl sulfide sulfone). They have good mechanical stability. The prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane with low sulfonation degree has good performance, which can be widely used in portable power equipment, electric vehicles, fixed power stations, and other new energy fields.

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Shi, Chenliang, Ling Lin, Yukun Yang, Wenjia Luo, Maoqing Deng, and Yujie Wu. "Synthesis of aminated polystyrene and its self-assembly with nanoparticles at oil/water interface." e-Polymers 20, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2020-0038.

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AbstractThe influence of density of amino groups, nanoparticles dimension and pH on the interaction between end-functionalized polymers and nanoparticles was extensively investigated in this study. PS–NH2 and H2N–PS–NH2 were prepared using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. Zero-dimensional carbon dots with sulfonate groups, one-dimensional cellulose nanocrystals with sulfate groups and two-dimensional graphene with sulfonate groups in the aqueous phase were added into the toluene phase containing the aminated PS. The results indicate that aminated PS exhibited the strongest interfacial activity after compounding with sulfonated nanoparticles at a pH of 3. PS ended with two amino groups performed better in reducing the water/toluene interfacial tension than PS ended with only one amino group. The dimension of sulfonated nanoparticles also contributed significantly to the reduction in the water/toluene interfacial tension. The minimal interfacial tension was 4.49 mN/m after compounding PS–NH2 with sulfonated zero-dimensional carbon dots.

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Yadav, Vikrant, Nagaraju Niluroutu, Santoshkumar D. Bhat, and Vaibhav Kulshrestha. "Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) based sulfonated molybdenum sulfide composite membranes: proton transport properties and direct methanol fuel cell performance." Materials Advances 1, no. 4 (2020): 820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00197j.

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Composite membranes of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (sPES) are prepared in combination with sulfonated molybdenum sulfide (s-MoS₂) as an alternative polymer electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).

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Khan, Ajahar, Ravi Kant Jain, Bhaskar Ghosh, Inamuddin Inamuddin, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "Novel ionic polymer–metal composite actuator based on sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) and polyvinylidene fluoride/sulfonated graphene oxide." RSC Advances 8, no. 45 (2018): 25423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03554g.

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In the present work, sulfonated graphene oxide and sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) were blended with polyvinylidene fluoride to create a novel ionic polymer–metal composite actuator with enhanced performance.

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Rusanov, Alexander L., Ludmila G. Komarova, Elena G. Bulycheva, Margarita G. Bugaenko, and Nataliya M. Belomoina. "New Sulfonated Polyethers and Polynaphthylimides based on TNT Derivatives." High Performance Polymers 21, no. 5 (September 8, 2009): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008309339201.

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New sulfonated and non-sulfonated monomers — dinitro and diamino compounds — were prepared on the basis of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) which is the demethylation product of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The sulfonated dinitrocompounds interacted with different binuclear bis-phenols under the conditions of aromatic nucleophilic nitrodisplacement reactions. Polyethers of moderate molecular weights were prepared on the basis of dinitrocompound containing electron-withdrawing 3,5-dinitrodiphenyl sulfone-4′-sulfonic acid “bridging” groups. Copolymers and blends with other sulfonated polymers were prepared to improve the film-forming properties of the polyethers developed on the basis of 3,5-dinitrodiphenyl sulfone-4′-sulfonic acid. High molecular weight sulfonated polynaphthylimides were prepared by the interaction of sulfonated diamine containing electron-donating ether group — 3,5-diaminodiphenyl ether-4′-sulfonic acid — with bis(naphthalic anhydride)s. The sulfonated polyethers and polynaphthylimides thus obtained contain sulfonic acid groups in the side chains.

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Vlassa, Mihaela, George Borodi, Gabriela Blăniţa, Ileana Cojocaru, Mircea Vlassa, and Cristian Silvestru. "Synthesis and characterization of coordination polymers prepared from CuII and NiII cyclam perchlorate and carmosine." Open Chemistry 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0141-9.

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AbstractReaction of [CuII(cyclam)](ClO4)2 or [NiII(cyclam)](ClO4)2 in DMF with aqueous 4-hydroxy-3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)naphthalen-1-sulfonate disodium salt (carmoisine) yielded coordination polymers {[CuII(cyclam)](carmoisine dianion)(H2O)5}n and powder {[NiII(cyclam)](carmoisine dianion)}n, respectively (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane). They were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman spectrometry and TGA.

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10

Kuehne, D. L., and D. W. Shaw. "Manual and Automated Turbidimetric Methods for the Determination of Polyacrylamides in the Presence of Sulfonates." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 05 (October 1, 1985): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11784-pa.

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Abstract Polymers and sulfonates are often part of the multicomponent chemical systems designed to increase oil recovery from depleted reservoirs. The objective of this work was to develop reliable, analytical methods for measuring polyacrylamide concentration in the presence of sulfonates. The need for new or improved methods arose because petroleum sulfonates caused interference with the standard turbidimetric method for determining polyacrylamides. This interference was eliminated by the addition of a butanol-extraction step to remove sulfonates. Based on the new manual procedure, an automated method was developed for use with a Technicon AutoAnalyzer™ to reduce analysis time. The automated method was designed with four modes of operation to cover high and low polymer concentrations with and without sulfonates present in the samples. Polymer concentrations ranging from 10 to a maximum of 1,200 wt ppm [10 to 1200 mg/kg] can be measured. A unique feature of the automated method is the continuous-flow solvent extraction. Depending on the mode, AutoAnalyzer throughput is 20 or 30 samples per hour. The accuracy of the results is 5% with extraction and 1% without extraction. Introduction Polyacrylamide polymers are used for mobility control and profile modification in EOR processes. Rapid and accurate analytical methods are needed for laboratory studies of polymer behavior and for the determination of polymer concentration in field samples. Procedures1,2 based on the turbidimetric reaction of polyacrylamide with bleach (sodium hypochlorite) are commonly used to measure the concentration of polyacrylamide in aqueous samples. In the attempt to apply these procedures to micellar solutions containing polymer, it was found that petroleum sulfonates cause interference because of both their inherent color and unknown reactions with bleach. Two different analytical methods were examined briefly. The starch-triiodide method developed by Scoggins and Miller3 also suffered from petroleum sulfonate interference. An automated method4 involving polymer hydrolysis followed by colorimetric determination of the liberated ammonia worked well with low concentrations of sulfonates. However, any free ammonia or ammonium ions in solution caused a substantial background response. For some of the emulsion-type polyacrylamides, the background response from ammonia in the product was much greater than the polymer response. Efforts to eliminate interferences were focused on the turbidimetric method because it was the easiest to use. Solvent extraction was selected as the best approach to remove petroleum sulfonates and oil from aqueous polymer samples. The requirements for a good solvent were that it remove the interfering components, separate rapidly from the aqueous phase, and have low water solubility. A series of alcohols and other solvents were tested; 1-butanol was found to be the most effective. Therefore, a butanol-extraction step was added to the standard turbidimetric method. Based on this new manual procedure, an automated method was developed for use with an AutoAnalyzer II (Technicon Industrial Systems). Both the manual and automated methods can be run with or without butanol extraction, depending on the type of samples. Manual Method In the turbidimetric method, polyacrylamide polymer reacts with sodium hypochlorite in acetic acid to form an insoluble chloroamide. The resulting turbidity is proportional to polymer concentration and can be measured with a spectrophotometer or turbidimeter. If petroleum sulfonates are present in the samples, they are extracted with 1-butanol that is acidified with HCl. The HCl is necessary to change the sulfonates into sulfonic acids, so that they can be extracted easily. To prevent excess HCl from interfering with the polyacrylamide reaction, the glacial acetic acid is buffered with sodium acetate.

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11

Huynh, Chau Minh, Dung Thi Thuy Pham, Khoa Quang Do, and Mai Anh Nguyen. "Sulfonated hypercrosslinked adsorbent – synthesis and application in analytical chemistry." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i2.1449.

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Chromatographic technique becomes more and more popular in analytical chemistry thanks to the diversity of stationary phases. Among the materials hypercrosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-vinylbenzyl chloride) is of great interest because of its exceptional high surface area and chemical resistance. Despite the advantages the polymer, its applications are still limited. Its surface is too hydrophobic for hydrophilic analytes therefore several reactions have been used to modify this material. The most popular reaction is sulfonation in which sulfonate group is introduced on to the material surface. In this study chlorosulfonic acid was used as sulfonation reagent, the resulting polymer has two functional groups: sulfonate and sulfonyl chloride. Then sulfonyl chloride group was hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide to form sulfonate group. The reaction conditions namely ratios of reagent to polymer and reaction time were investigated for high cation exchange capacity. The home-made sulfonated material was sucessfully used as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent with high static capacity (10 meqv/g), dynamic capacity (3.8 meqv/g), fast mass transfer, and high enrichment factor.

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Zhao, Yanxu, Yuqin Fu, Yao He, Bo Hu, Lingdi Liu, Jianhua Lü, and Changli Lü. "Enhanced performance of poly(ether sulfone) based composite proton exchange membranes with sulfonated polymer brush functionalized graphene oxide." RSC Advances 5, no. 113 (2015): 93480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17915g.

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13

Hendrana, Sunit, Erwin Erwin, Krisman Krisman, Syakbaniah Syakbaniah, Isna’im Isna’im, Yusmeri Yusmeri, Neti Satria, Tri Susilawati, and Sudirman Sudirman. "APPLICATION OF SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 20, no. 1 (October 30, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2018.20.1.5406.

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APPLICATION OF SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL. Sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) is polyelectrolyte solid that widely used in many aplications. In this works SPS is applied for some parts of polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane due sulfonate group available in the structure. The investigation involve the application for membrane with addition of small molecules, i.e. benzimidazole and evaluating its microstructure and performance. Application of SPS solution as binding agent in MEA will also be presented. The results show that when using SPS as fuel cell membrane, the additon of small molecules such as benzimidazole would modify its microstrusture as well as improve its ion conductivity. Meanwhile, some improvement still required for application of SPS solution as binding agent for preparation of Membrane Electrode Assembly or MEA.

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Cho, Won Jae, Mi Soon Lee, Youn Sik Lee, Young Gi Yoon, and Young Woo Choi. "A Study on Sulfonated Fluorenyl Poly(ether sulfone)s as Catalyst Binders for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society 19, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/jkes.2016.19.2.39.

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Tan, Ning, Guyu Xiao, and Deyue Yan. "Synthesis and hydrolytic stability of soluble sulfonated polybenzoxazoles derived from bis(3-sulfonate-4-carboxyphenyl) sulfone." Polymer Bulletin 62, no. 5 (January 28, 2009): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0042-2.

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Kang, Hyo, Kihyun Kim, Daeseung Kang, and Jong-Chan Lee. "Liquid crystal alignment behavior on sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) films." RSC Advances 5, no. 79 (2015): 64031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra12523e.

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A series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES#, # is the feed monomer ratio of 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone) derivatives were synthesized to investigate the liquid crystal (LC) alignment property of these polymer films.

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Lim, Young Don, Dong Wan Seo, Soon Ho Lee, Md Monirul Islam, Hyun Mi Jin, Ho Hyoun Jang, Insuk Jeong, and Whan Gi Kim. "Nano Composite Membranes of Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone) Containing 4,4-Bis(4-hydroxylphenyl)valeric Acid and SiO₂ for PEMFC." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.37.

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Poly(ether sulfone)s (PES) containing 25-75 mol % valeric acid were prepared with bisphenol A, bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone and 4,4-Bis(4-hydroxylphenyl)valeric acid using potassium carbonate in DMAc (dimethylacetamide) at 160 °C. Copolymers containing carboxylacid group were reduced to hydroxy group by BH3solution 1M in THF and NaBH4 co-catalyst. Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s (S-PES) were obtained by reaction of 1,3-propanesultone and the reduced copolymer (PES-OH) with potassium t-butoxide. Composite membranes were prepared with copolymers and SiO2nanoparticles(20 nm, 4-10 wt%). The composite membranes were cast from DMSO.A series of composite membranes were studied by1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol.

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Noor, Nazia, Joachim Koll, Nico Scharnagl, Clarissa Abetz, and Volker Abetz. "Hollow Fiber Membranes of Blends of Polyethersulfone and Sulfonated Polymers." Membranes 8, no. 3 (August 2, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8030054.

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Hollow fiber membranes (HFM) are fabricated from blend solutions of a polyethersulfone (PESU) with a sulfonated PESU (sPESU) or a sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (sPPSU). The influence of different additives in the dope solution and different bore fluids on the HFM are studied. The addition of poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa)/ethylene glycol (EG) to the dope solution results in an increased water flux of the HFM compared to its counterparts without this additive system. The morphology of the hollow fibers is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The inner surface of the hollow fibers is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and it is found that water permeation through the hollow fiber membranes is facilitated due to the change in morphology upon the addition of the PSSNa/EG additive system, but not by the presence of hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups on the membrane surface.

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Liu, Jian Mei, Shan Shan Chen, Yi Rong, Ming Dong Wang, Song Bo Wei, Dong Dong Li, Peng Chang, Zhao Xia Hu, and Shou Wen Chen. "Studies on the Relationship of Polymer Backbone Rigidity and Properties for Proton Exchange Membranes Derived from Sulfonated Polys(Arylene Ether Sulfone)." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.313.

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A series of novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) copolymers were successfully synthesized from hexafluoro bisphenol A (6F-BPA), 9,9’-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene (BHPF), 4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone (DFDPS) and 3,3’-disulfonate-4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone (SDFDPS) via aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization, and subsequently used to prepare proton exchange membranes. By adjusting the ratio of 6F-BPA to BHPF, the influence of the rigidity of polymer backbone on the properties of the prepared membranes was investigated in detail. The results indicated that the SPAES membranes had better stability towards water but lowered water uptake and proton conductivity with the increase in the polymer backbone rigidity.

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Lee, Dong Hoon, Hye Suk Park, Dong Wan Seo, Tae Whan Hong, Soon Chul Ur, and Whan Gi Kim. "Synthesis and Characterization of Branched Sulfonated Poly(ether Sulfone-Ketone) Copolymer and Organic-Inorganic Nano Composite Membranes." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.121.

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Branched sulfonated poly(ether sulfone-ketone) copolymer was prepared with bisphenol A, 4,4-difluorobenzophenone, sulfonated chlorophenyl sulfone (40mole% of bisphenol A) and THPE (1,1,1-tris-p-hydroxyphenylethane) as a branching agent. THPE was used 0.4 mol% of bisphenol A to synthesize branched copolymers. Organic-inorganic nano composite membranes were prepared with copolymer and a series of SiO2 nanoparticles (20 nm, 4, 7 and 10 wt%). The composite membranes were cast from dimethylsulfoxide solutions. The films were converted from the salt to acid forms with dilute hydrochloric acid. The membranes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. Branched copolymer and nano composite membranes exhibited proton conductivities from 1.12x10-3 to 6.04x10-3 S/cm2, water uptake from 52.9 to 62.4%, IEC from 0.81 to 1.21 meq/g and methanol diffusion coefficients from 1.2x10-7 to 1.5x10-7 cm2/S.

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Ganesh, Shimoga D., Vasantakumar K. Pai, Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar, and Madhu B. Jayanna. "Thermal and Dielectric Behavior Studies of Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)s with Sulfonated and Phosphonated Pendants." Journal of Materials 2016 (August 24, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7271959.

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The present paper discusses the aspects of the synthesizing valeric acid based poly(ether sulfone)s with active carboxylic acid pendants (VALPSU) from solution polymerization technique via nucleophilic displacement polycondensation reaction among 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) and 4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid (BHPA). The conditions necessary to synthesize and purify the polymer were investigated in some detail. The synthesized poly(ether sulfone)s comprise sulfone and ether linkages in addition to reactive carboxylic acid functionality; these active carboxylic acid functional groups were exploited to hold the phenyl sulphonic acid and phenyl phosphonic acid pendants. The phenyl sulphonic acid pendants in VALPSU were easily constructed by altering active carboxylic acid moieties by sulfanilic acid using N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) mediated mild synthetic route, whereas the latter one was built in two steps. Initially, polyphosphoric acid condensation with VALPSU by 4-bromoaniline and next straightforward palladium catalyzed synthetic route, in both of which acidic pendants are clenched by polymer backbone via amide linkage. Without impairing the primary polymeric backbone modified polymers were prepared by varying the stoichiometric ratios of respective combinations. All the polymers were physicochemically characterized and pressed into tablets; electrical contacts were established to study the dielectric properties. Finally, the influence of the acidic pendants on the dielectric properties was examined.

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Seo, Dong Wan, Young Don Lim, M. S. Islam Mollah, Soon Ho Lee, Sang Ho Moon, Sang Young Pyun, and Whan Gi Kim. "Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly(ether Sulfone) Using 4,4-Bis(4-Hydroxylphenyl)valeric Acid for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.73.

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Poly(ether sulfone)s (PES) containing 25-75 mol % valeric acid were prepared with bisphenol A, bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone and 4,4-Bis(4-hydroxylphenyl)valeric acid using potassium carbonate in DMAc (dimethylacetamide) at 160 °C. Copolymers containing carboxylacid group were reduced to hydroxy group by BH3 solution 1M in THF and NaBH4 co-catalyst. Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s (S-PES) were obtained by reaction of 1,3-propanesultone and the reduced copolymer (PES-OH) with potassium t-butoxide. A series of copolymers were studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. The S-PES membranes exhibited proton conductivities from 1.20  10-3 to 3.40  10-3 S/cm, water swell from 12.25 to 31.50 %, IEC from 0.43 to 0.72 meq/g and methanol diffusion coefficients from 3.60  10-7 to 4.90  10-7 cm2/S at 25 °C.

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Lee, Hye-Jin, Yeonhye Kwon, So Young Lee, Jieun Choi, Bo Hyun Kim, Dirk Henkensmeier, Jong Hyun Jang, et al. "Facile preparation of a long-term durable nano- and micro-structured polymer blend membrane for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell." RSC Advances 6, no. 52 (2016): 46516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05624e.

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Du, Quan Wei, and Kun Liu. "Study on Oil-Water Interfacial Behaviour of Henan Oilfield." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.602.

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In order to decide the formula of ASP system to be used in Henan oilfield, the weak base ternary composite system compounded with petroleum sulfonate(Ss), polymer and weak base; the alkali ASP system compounded with alkylbenzene sulfonates(Sy), polymer and alkali were studied, and the oil-water interface behaviour of Henan oilfield with weak base ASP system compounded with surfactant SHSA-HN6 and ZL-Ⅱ polymer was evaluated. The results showed that the interfacial tension reduction effect of Weak base ternary system is better than that of Alkali ternary system; the interfacial tension between oil and water can be reduced significantly by the weak base ternary system compounded with surfactant (Ss) and polymer (ZL-Ⅱand KYPAM). After adding 1.2% Na2CO3 to the mixture of surfactant (SHSA-HN6) and polymer, the interfacial tension of Henan oil-water was reduced to the ultra-low level(>10-3mN/m).

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Alconcel, Steevens N. S., Gregory N. Grover, Nicholas M. Matsumoto, and Heather D. Maynard. "Synthesis of Michael Acceptor Ionomers of Poly(4-Sulfonated Styrene-co-Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Acrylate)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 11 (2009): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09398.

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Ionomers containing sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (4SS) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymerization was mediated by 1-phenylethyl dithiobenzoate chain transfer agent in a dimethylformamide/water solvent system. Well-defined copolymers of pPEGA-co-4SS were produced with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 40 kDa and polydispersity indices of 1.06–1.18 by gel permeation chromatography against monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) standards. After polymerization, the dithioester was reduced and trapped in situ with divinyl sulfone to produce a well-defined, semitelechelic pPEGA-co-4SS Michael acceptor polymer. UV-visible, infrared, and 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the integrity of the polymer backbone was maintained and that the vinyl sulfone was successfully incorporated at the chain end.

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Argaiz, Maialen, Fernando Ruipérez, Miren Aguirre, and Radmila Tomovska. "Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 3098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183098.

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The performance of waterborne (meth)acrylic coatings is critically affected by the film formation process, in which the individual polymer particles must join to form a continuous film. Consequently, the waterborne polymers present lower performance than their solvent-borne counter-polymers. To decrease this effect, in this work, ionic complexation between oppositely charged polymer particles was introduced and its effect on the performance of waterborne polymer films was studied. The (meth)acrylic particles were charged by the addition of a small amount of ionic monomers, such as sodium styrene sulfonate and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. Density functional theory calculations showed that the interaction between the selected main charges of the respective functional monomers (sulfonate–amine) is favored against the interactions with their counter ions (sulfonate–Na and amine–H). To induce ionic complexation, the oppositely charged latexes were blended, either based on the same number of charges or the same number of particles. The performance of the ionic complexed coatings was determined by means of tensile tests and water uptake measurements. The ionic complexed films were compared with reference films obtained at pH at which the cationic charges were in neutral form. The mechanical resistance was raised slightly by ionic bonding between particles, producing much more flexible films, whereas the water penetration within the polymeric films was considerably hindered. By exploring the process of polymer chains interdiffusion using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis, it was found that the ionic complexation was established between the particles, which reduced significantly the interdiffusion process of polymer chains. The presented ionic complexes of sulfonate–amine functionalized particles open a promising approach for reinforcing waterborne coatings.

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Mohamed, Hamdy F. M., A. Ohira, and Yoshinori Kobayashi. "Free Volume and Oxygen Permeability in Polymers Related to Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Materials Science Forum 607 (November 2008): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.607.58.

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The mechanism of gas permeation in sulfonated polymers such as Nafion and sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) for polymer electrolyte fuel cells has been investigated from the viewpoint of free volume. Free volume was quantified using the positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) technique and O2 permeability was measured as a function of temperature or ion exchange capacity (IEC). Good linear correlations between the logarithm of the permeabilities and reciprocal free volume indicate that gas permeation in the sulfonated polymers depends strongly on the free volume. Comparison of Nafion with SPES and other relatively flexible chain polymers showed that the stiff chains of the perfluoroethylene backbone in Nafion make the O2 permeability much smaller than the corresponding flexible chain polymer with a similar free volume size. The O2 permeability in the K+-form of Nafion is systematically smaller than the H+-form, showing that the chain stiffness is enhanced by the ion exchange.

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Tseng, Yin-Tse, Yan-Cheng Lin, Chien-Chung Shih, Hui-Ching Hsieh, Wen-Ya Lee, Yu-Cheng Chiu, and Wen-Chang Chen. "Morphology and properties of PEDOT:PSS/soft polymer blends through hydrogen bonding interaction and their pressure sensor application." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 18 (2020): 6013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00559b.

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The effects of the composition on the stretchability and conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymer blends with soft polymers poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and their application in pressure sensors.

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Xiong, Sheng Chun, Ying He, and Mao Lei Cui. "Petroleum Sulfonates as Oil Displacement Agent and Application." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.512.

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In terms of the condition of injection water after polymer flooding of Gudao oilfield, the following water quickly broke though the bank to the production wells, while most of residual oil remains in the formation. To solve the problem, two kind of petroleum sulfonates made in China are selected to form oil displacement agent (ODA) solution. The petroleum sulfonate available for crude oil of Gudao oilfield with the ultra-low interfacial tension is found by drawing an oil/water interfacial tension contour diagram. The results show that the interfacial tension can be lower than 3.6×10-4mN/m when the active agent contained with 0.25%KPS+0.225%APS, and the agent reduces water resistance of entering the hole to improve sweep coefficient and oil displacement efficiency. The existence of the polymer has no influence on the balanced value of interfacial tension, but just delays the interfacial tension to reach the balance. Pouring into 0.3 pore volume (PV) high-efficient ODA can improve 17% oil recovery. Synergistic effect of two kind of petroleum sulfonate with low cost to enhance oil recovery will have a great prospect for enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

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Lee, Dong Hoon, Hye Suk Park, Dong Wan Seo, and Whan Gi Kim. "Organic-Inorganic Nano Composite Membranes of Sulfonated Poly(ether Sulfone-Ketone) Copolymer and SiO₂ for Fuel Cell Application." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.97.

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Novel bisphenol-based wholly aromatic sulfonated poly(ether sulfone-ketone) copolymer and organic-inorganic composite membranes were prepared for operation 80°C in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs). The copolymer were synthesized by direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of 4,4-difluorobenzophenone, 2,2’-disodiumsulfonyl- 4,4’-fluorophenylsulfone (40mole% of bisphenol A) and bisphenol A. Polymerization proceeded quantitatively to high molecular weight in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 180°C. Organic-inorganic composite membranes were obtained by mixing organic polymers with hydrophilic SiO2 obtained by sol-gel process. The polymer and a series of composite membranes were studied by FT-IR, 1HNMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal stability. The proton conductivity as a function of temperature decreased as SiO2 content increased, but methanol permeability decreased. The nano composite membranes were found to poses all requisite properties; Ion exchange capacity (1.2meq./g), glass transition temperatures (164-183), and low affinity towards methanol (4.63-1.08x10-7 cm2/S).

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Seo, Dong Wan, Young Don Lim, Soon Ho Lee, Md Monirul Islam, Hyun Mi Jin, Keun Ho Lee, Ho Hyoun Jang, and Whan Gi Kim. "Nano Composite Membranes of Sulfonated Amine-Poly(ether sulfone)s and SiO₂ for Fuel Cell Application." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.392.

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Organic-inorganic Nano composite membranes were prepared by Sulfonated amine-poly(ether sulfone)s (S-APES)s and SiO2. S-APESs were prepared by nitration, reduction and sulfonation of poly(ether sulfone) (ultrason®-S6010). Poly(ether sulfone) was reacted with ammonium nitrate and trifluoroacetic anhydride to produce the nitrated poly(ether sulfone), and was followed by reduction using tin(Ⅱ)chloride and sodium iodide as reducing agents to give the amino-poly(ether sulfone). The S-APES was obtained by reaction of 1,3-propanesultone and the amino-poly(ether sulfone) (NH2-PES) with sodium methoxide. The different degrees of nitration and reduction of poly(ether sulfone) were successfully synthesized by an optimized process. Organic-inorganic nano composite membranes were obtained by mixing S-APES (45 %) with hydrophilic SiO2 (20 nm, 4-10 %) obtained by sol-gel process. Different contents of SiO2 of the S-APES were studied by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), a measure of proton conductivity, was evaluated. The nano composite membranes exhibit conductivities (25 °C) from 3.51 x 10-3 to 4.10 x 10-3 S/cm, water swell from 57.25 to 60.50 %, IEC from 0.68 to 0.73 meq/g, and methanol diffusion coefficients from 2.81 x 10-7 to 3.33 x 10-7 cm2/S at 25 °C.

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Hou, Jinghe, Shanshan Liu, Xiang Sun, Zhenyu Xiao, and Huili Ding. "Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene thioether sulfone)/imino-containing phosphorylated silica particle composite proton exchange membranes." High Performance Polymers 31, no. 7 (August 13, 2018): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008318793932.

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In this article, novel nanocomposite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were prepared by embedding imino-containing phosphorylated silica nanoparticles into a sulfonated poly(arylene thioether sulfone) (SPTES) polymer matrix. SPTES was synthesized via condensation polymerization of 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol, 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone, and disodium 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone. The imino-containing phosphorylated silica particles (Si-imP) were prepared by the Kabachnik–Fields reaction, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the Si-imP were uniformly distributed in the composite membrane. The properties of the composite membranes, including thermal stability, water uptake, swelling ratio, oxidative stability, and proton conductivity, were thoroughly evaluated. Experimental results indicated that Si-imP may be effective reinforcement materials for SPTES membranes. It is noteworthy that an increase in proton conductivity from 0.138 S cm−1 of the SPTES control membrane to 0.173 S cm−1 of the composite membrane was achieved at the Si-imP content of 5 wt% under fully hydrated conditions at 80°C. This finding primarily stems from the fact that the Si-imP could be linked with the sulfonate ion clusters of SPTES to form more continuous ionic networks. These networks act as efficient proton-hopping pathways to enhanced proton conductivity. The nanocomposite membranes are demonstrated to be promising candidates as new polymeric electrolyte materials for PEM fuel cells operated at medium temperatures.

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Stryutsky, A. V., O. O. Sobko, N. S. Klymenko, M. A. Gumenna, E. V. Lobko, A. V. Shevchuk, V. V. Kravchenko, and V. V. Shevchenko. "Sulfonate aprotic oligomeric ionic liquid of hyperbranched structure." Polymer journal 39, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.39.04.253.

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Kim, Jung Min, Seung Sik Hwang, and Chang Gi Cho. "Preparation and Characterization of Crosslinked Copolymer Membrane Containing Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone) and p-Phenylene Terephthalamide Segments." Polymer Korea 35, no. 2 (March 31, 2011): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2011.35.2.106.

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35

Abdulbari, Hayder A., Esmail A. M. Basheer, Ainoon Shabrin, and Wafaa Kamil Mahmood. "Investigating the Degradation Resistance Improvement of Polymer Surfactant Complex Drag Reducing Agent." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.7.

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Polymers-Surfactant complex efficacy in reducing the drag is of an interest subject in drag reduction research. Turbulent drag reduction (DR) efficiency of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (NaPSS) sodium Alkylbenzene sulfonate complex was studied in a rotating disk apparatus. The solution complex was prepared by varying the concentration of the polymer between 100 to 1200 ppm and the surfactant between 100 to 700ppm. Measurement of torque values were recorded for each sample. The NaPSS (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfante) was found to have an ability to reduce the drag in the turbulent flow. A significant improvement was recorded for the addition of tiny amount of surfactant to the polymer system compare to the pure polymer drag reduction. At high surfactant concentration, it was found that the polymer drag ability decrease. The polymer was degraded when it is subjected to a high shear stress. The degredation resistance was increased by the addation of the surfactant to the polymer solution at concentration range of 100ppm to 400ppm of surfactant.

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36

Mukherjee, Rajdeep, Arun Kumar Mandal, and Susanta Banerjee. "Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) functionalized polysilsesquioxane hybrid membranes with enhanced proton conductivity." e-Polymers 20, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 430–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2020-0048.

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AbstractSulfopropylated polysilsesquioxane and –COOH containing fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) composite membranes (SPAES-SS-X) have been prepared via an in situ sol–gel reaction through the solution casting technique. The composite membranes showed excellent thermal and chemical stability, compared to the pristine SPAES membrane. The uniform dispersion of the sulfonated SiOPS nanoparticles on the polymer matrix was observed from the scanning electron microscope images. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicated significantly better phase-separated morphology and connectivity of the ionic domains of the composite membranes than the pristine SPAES membrane. The composite membranes showed considerable improvement in proton conductivity and oxidative stability than the pristine copolymer membrane under similar test conditions.

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Cheshenko, Natalia, Marla J. Keller, Veronica MasCasullo, Gary A. Jarvis, Hui Cheng, Minnie John, Jin-Hua Li, et al. "Candidate Topical Microbicides Bind Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B and Prevent Viral Entry and Cell-to-Cell Spread." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 6 (June 2004): 2025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.6.2025-2036.2004.

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ABSTRACT Topical microbicides designed to prevent acquisition of sexually transmitted infections are urgently needed. Nonoxynol-9, the only commercially available spermicide, damages epithelium and may enhance human immunodeficiency virus transmission. The observation that herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus bind heparan sulfate provided the rationale for the development of sulfated or sulfonated polymers as topical agents. Although several of the polymers have advanced to clinical trials, the spectrum and mechanism of anti-HSV activity and the effects on soluble mediators of inflammation have not been evaluated. The present studies address these gaps. The results indicate that PRO 2000, polystyrene sulfonate, cellulose sulfate, and polymethylenehydroquinone sulfonate inhibit HSV infection 10,000-fold and are active against clinical isolates, including an acyclovir-resistant variant. The compounds formed stable complexes with glycoprotein B and inhibit viral binding, entry, and cell-to-cell spread. The effects may be long lasting due to the high affinity and stability of the sulfated compound-virus complex, as evidenced by surface plasmon resonance studies. The candidate microbicides retained their antiviral activities in the presence of cervical secretions and over a broad pH range. There was little reduction in cell viability following repeated exposure of human endocervical cells to these compounds, although a reduction in secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor levels was observed. These studies support further development and rigorous evaluation of these candidate microbicides.

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Zhou, Weihua, Jichun Xiao, Yiwang Chen, Rong Zeng, Shuqin Xiao, Huarong Nie, Fan Li, and Caisheng Song. "Sulfonated carbon nanotubes/sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) composites for polymer electrolyte membranes." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 22, no. 12 (February 3, 2010): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1666.

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39

Ling, Ying, Yi Wu, Song Ge Fan, Feng Wei, Mao Jie Zhao, Hui Ping Bi, Zhao Xia Hu, and Shou Wen Chen. "Studies on the Crosslinked Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(arylene Ether Sulfone) Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.861.

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Polymers based on sulfonated multiblock copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s were prepared successfully by the reaction between a phenoxide-end-capped hydrophilic oligomer and a fluoride-end-capped hydrophobic oligomer. They were subsequently used as the starting material to prepare crosslinking membranes (cbSPAES) using P2O5 as the crosslinking reagent during the membrane casting procedure. The fundamental properties of the resulting crosslinked multiblock membranes, such as water uptake, size change, proton conductivity and hydrolytic stability were investigated in details.

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40

Jitreewas, Parinya, Suwicha Saengvattanarat, Phanita Tansiri, Siriporn Pranee, Sunanta Chuayprakong, Chalermchai Khemtong, and Samitthichai Seeyangnok. "Synthesis of PAA-PAMPS-PNaSS Terpolymers as Ultraviolet-Tagged Scale Inhibitor for Industrial Water Cooling System." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.68.

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Carboxylated polymer can be used as an anti-scaling agent in circulating water cooling systems. Poly(acrylic acid) and homopolymer have some drawbacks such as slight solubility in water and low calcium tolerance leading difficulty to determine the remaining quantity of polymer in water. This research is mainly focused on synthesis and ability of poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAA-PAMPS) for scale inhibition. These terpolymers varied in mole ratios of monomers were prepared via solution polymerization. The obtained polymers are then characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TGA, turbidity, and UV-visible spectroscopy. For a scale inhibition test, GB/T 16632-2008 standard is applied. The scale inhibition efficiency for 100% was found in PAA-PAMPS copolymer (7:3). Afterwards this polymer was chosen for synthesizing an ultraviolet-tagged PAA-PAMPS-PNaSS terpolymer. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor benzene sulfonate structure in sodium styrene sulfonate of the polymer chain at 224 nm.

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Ashaduzzaman, Md, Shu Hei Kai, and Masashi Kunitake. "Investigation of Click Reaction at an Oil-Water Interface Using Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Polymers." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (September 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.11.31.

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Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen click reactions between lipophilic polymer (tri-arm azidofunctionalized polystyrene) and hydrophilic polymer (copolymer of styrene sulfonate sodium and propargyl methacrylate) were investigated and hollow capsules, consisting of composite polymer nanofilms were obtained in chloroform-water biphasic solution. Since the lipophilic polymer, or hydrophilic polymer and copper catalyst were present in the oil or aqueous phase, respectively, the cross-linking reaction proceeded only at the phase interface. The combination of lipophilic and hydrophilic polymers produced hollow capsules consisting of nanofilms with lipophilic core and hydrophilic shell.

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42

Segarceanu, Mircea, Alexandra Raluca Miron, Szidonia Katalin Tanczos, Abbas Abdul Kadhim Klaif Rikabi, Ion Marius Nafliu, and Danut Ionel Vaireanu. "Dynamic Membranes on Polysulfone Support for Fuel Cells." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.2.4980.

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In the present paper, the authors dealt with the synthesis and characterization of a new type of dynamic membrane with polysulfone matrix and ionic polymer electrolyte: polysulfone-sulfonated polyetherether-sulfone (PSf-SPEEK). The PSf-SPEEK composite membranes were formed by ultrafiltration of SPEEK gel on the polysulfone matrix in a CELFA System installation. The thickness of the PSf porous layer for the different membranes can be between 50 and 120 mm. The variation of SPEEK active layer�s thickness is dependent both on the concentration of the SPEEK solution in the feed, and on the velocity of the surface flow. The sulfonated polymer (SPEEK) superficial layer ranges from 35 to 75 nm, being thicker at low flow rates having a slight increasing related to the increase of the SPEEK concentration. Increasing the polymer concentration, from 0.5 to 2.5%, used in the feed solution leads to a doubling of the conductivity and a tripling of the ion exchange capacity. The maximum conductivity of the PSf-SPEEK dynamic composite membranes is 0.234 S/cm and the ion exchange capacity is 1.682 meq/g.

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Koromilas, Nikos D., Charalampos Anastasopoulos, Evdokia K. Oikonomou, and Joannis K. Kallitsis. "Preparation of Porous Polymeric Membranes Based on a Pyridine Containing Aromatic Polyether Sulfone." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010059.

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Polymeric membranes, based on a polysulfone-type aromatic polyether matrix, were successfully developed via the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The polyethersulfone type polymer poly[2-(4-(diphenylsulfonyl)-phenoxy)-6-(4-phenoxy) pyridine] (PDSPP) was used as the membrane matrix, and mixed with its sulfonated derivative (SPDSPP) and a polymeric porogen. The SPDPPP was added to impart hydrophilicity, while at the same time maintaining the interactions with the non-sulfonated aromatic polyether forming the membrane matrix. Different techniques were used for the membranes’ properties characterization. The results revealed that the use of the non-sulfonated and sulfonated polymers of the same polymeric backbone, at certain compositions, can lead to membranes with controllable porosity and hydrophilicity.

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Byun, I. S., I. C. Kim, and J. W. Seo. "Pervaporation behavior of asymmetric sulfonated polysulfones and sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) membranes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 76, no. 6 (May 9, 2000): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000509)76:6<787::aid-app4>3.0.co;2-1.

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45

Semenyuk, Pavel, Lidia Kurochkina, Kseniya Barinova, and Vladimir Muronetz. "Alpha-Synuclein Amyloid Aggregation Is Inhibited by Sulfated Aromatic Polymers and Pyridinium Polycation." Polymers 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030517.

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The effect of a range of synthetic charged polymers on alpha-synuclein aggregation and amyloid formation was tested. Sulfated aromatic polymers, poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(anethole sulfonate), have been found to suppress the fibril formation. In this case, small soluble complexes, which do not bind with thioflavin T, have been formed in contrast to the large stick-type fibrils of free alpha-synuclein. Sulfated polysaccharide (dextran sulfate), as well as sulfated vinylic polymer (poly(vinyl sulfate)) and polycarboxylate (poly(methacrylic acid)), enhanced amyloid aggregation. Conversely, pyridinium polycation, poly(N-ethylvinylpyridinium), switched the mechanism of alpha-synuclein aggregation from amyloidogenic to amorphous, which resulted in the formation of large amorphous aggregates that do not bind with thioflavin T. The obtained results are relevant as a model of charged macromolecules influence on amyloidosis development in humans. In addition, these results may be helpful in searching for new approaches for synucleinopathies treatment with the use of natural polymers.

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Inoue, Akihisa, Hyunwoo Yuk, Baoyang Lu, and Xuanhe Zhao. "Strong adhesion of wet conducting polymers on diverse substrates." Science Advances 6, no. 12 (March 2020): eaay5394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay5394.

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Conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PAni) have attracted great attention as promising electrodes that interface with biological organisms. However, weak and unstable adhesion of conducting polymers to substrates and devices in wet physiological environment has greatly limited their utility and reliability. Here, we report a general yet simple method to achieve strong adhesion of various conducting polymers on diverse insulating and conductive substrates in wet physiological environment. The method is based on introducing a hydrophilic polymer adhesive layer with a thickness of a few nanometers, which forms strong adhesion with the substrate and an interpenetrating polymer network with the conducting polymer. The method is compatible with various fabrication approaches for conducting polymers without compromising their electrical or mechanical properties. We further demonstrate adhesion of wet conducting polymers on representative bioelectronic devices with high adhesion strength, conductivity, and mechanical and electrochemical stability.

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Paradesi, Deivanayagam, Sivasubramanian Gandhimathi, Hariharasubramanian Krishnan, and Ramaswamy Jeyalakshmi. "A novel proton conducting polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316684931.

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A series of phenolphthalein-based sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone) (SPEES) membranes were synthesized by aromatic nucleophilic polymerization reaction. The degree of sulfonation was controlled by direct synthesis of sulfonated polymer, which leads to high thermal stability. The physicochemical properties of the SPEES membranes were studied in order to evaluate the suitability of these membranes in fuel cell applications. The ion-exchange capacity of the synthesized SPEES membranes was found in the range between 2.19 mequiv. g−1 and 2.35 mequiv. g−1. The morphology of the membranes was investigated with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and confirmed the presence of hydrophilic domains that impart good proton conductivity. The membrane electrode assembly of SPEES-30 and SPEES-50 membranes has been successfully fabricated, where SPEES-50 produced a maximum peak power density of 643 mW cm−2 while applying in hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell.

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Mori, Hideharu, Eisuke Kudo, Yousuke Saito, Atsuhiko Onuma, and Makoto Morishima. "RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Sulfonate Esters for the Controlled Synthesis of Poly(lithium vinyl sulfonate) and Sulfonated Block Copolymers." Macromolecules 43, no. 17 (September 14, 2010): 7021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma100905w.

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Meier-Haack, Jochen, Claus Vogel, Wladimir Butwilowski, and Dieter Lehmann. "Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s for fuel cells by solvent-free polymerization." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 11 (January 1, 2007): 2083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779112083.

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Poly(ether sulfone)s from 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone (DFDPhS), 4,4'-bis-trimethylsiloxy-diphenylsulfone, and 2,5-bis-trimethylsiloxy-biphenyl were obtained by melt polycondensation with high molecular weights (ηinh > 0.4 dl/g). The nonsulfonated samples showed a single glass-transition temperature (Tg) in the range from 180 to 230 °C depending on the monomer composition in the polymer backbone. The Tg of sulfonated samples could not be detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Membranes with a theoretical ion-exchange capacity (IEC) ranging from 0 to 2.08 mmol/g should be obtained, assuming only a sulfonation of the pendant phenyl ring. However, the sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid always led to the introduction of two sulfonic acid groups into the phenylhydroquinone (PhHQ) moieties in the polymer backbone; one at the desired position at the pendant phenyl ring and one at the phenyl ring in the polymer backbone. Membranes prepared from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions of nonsulfonated and sulfonated samples were transparent and soft to slightly brittle. The water uptake at room temperature increased with increasing IEC from 4 to 50 % (IEC ~ 1.50 mmol/g). On further increase of the IEC, a strong water uptake until dissolution was observed. Methanol diffusion coefficients for samples with an IEC up to 1.10 mmol/g were one order of magnitude lower than that reported for Nafion®.

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Borrmann, Thomas, Anton Dominis, Andrew J. McFarlane, James H. Johnston, Michael J. Richardson, Leon A. P. Kane-Maguire, and Gordon G. Wallace. "Immobilisation of Fully Sulfonated Polyaniline on Nanostructured Calcium Silicate." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.879.

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Up to 7.4% (w/w) of the sulfonated polyaniline, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS) can be absorbed onto nanostructured calcium silicates. Spectroscopic and leaching studies on the novel PMAS-silicate nanocomposites obtained indicate that attachment of the PMAS occurs via electrostatic binding of PMAS sulfonate groups to Ca2+ sites on the silicates. The surface area and pore volume of the nanocomposites are comparable to those of pure silicate and increase the surface area of the PMAS polymer by several orders of magnitude. The PMAS emeraldine salt in the nanocomposites retains its chemical reactivity, being readily oxidised and reduced to its pernigraniline and leucoemeraldine forms, respectively. The conductivity of the composite is comparable to that of the pure PMAS, several orders of magnitude higher than that of dried nanostructured calcium silicate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sulfonate polymère'

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