Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulfonated styrene

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfonated styrene'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfonated styrene"

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Tsai, Bin-Hong, Tse-An Lin, Chi-Hui Cheng, and Jui-Che Lin. "Studies of the Sulfonated Hydrogenated Styrene–Isoprene–Styrene Block Copolymer and Its Surface Properties, Cytotoxicity, and Platelet-Contacting Characteristics." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020235.

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Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) consist of styrenic blocks. They are connected with other soft segments by a covalent linkage and are widely used in human life. However, in biomedical applications, TPEs need to be chemically hydrogenated in advance to enhance their properties such as strong UV/ozone resistance and thermal-oxidative stability. In this study, films composed of sulfonated hydrogenated TPEs were evaluated. Hydrogenated tert-butyl styrene–styrene–isoprene block copolymers were synthesized and selectively sulfonated to different degrees by reaction with acetyl sulfate. By controlling the ratio of the hydrogenated tert-butyl styrene–styrene–isoprene block copolymer and acetyl sulfate, sulfonated films were optimized to demonstrate sufficient mechanical integrity in water as well as good biocompatibility. The thermal plastic sulfonated films were found to be free of cytotoxicity and platelet-compatible and could be potential candidates in biomedical film applications such as wound dressings.
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2

Ghavidel Darestani, Nasim, Adrianna Tikka, and Pedram Fatehi. "Sulfonated Lignin-g-Styrene Polymer: Production and Characterization." Polymers 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2018): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080928.

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Among sustainable alternatives for replacing fossil-based chemicals, lignin is widely available on earth, albeit the least utilized component of biomass. In this work, lignin was polymerized with styrene in aqueous emulsion systems. The reaction afforded a yield of 20 wt % under the conditions of 100 g/L lignin concentration, pH 2.5, 0.35 mol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, 5 mol/mol styrene/lignin ratio, 5 wt % initiator, 90 °C, and 2 h. The lignin-g-styrene product under the selected conditions had a grafting degree of 31 mol % of styrene, which was determined by quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The solvent addition to the reaction mixture and deoxygenation did not improve the yield of the polymerization reaction. The produced lignin-g-styrene polymer was then sulfonated using concentrated sulfuric acid. By introducing sulfonate group on the lignin-g-styrene polymers, the solubility and anionic charge density of 92 wt % (in a 10 g/L solution) and −2.4 meq/g, respectively, were obtained. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), static light scattering, two-dimensional COSY NMR, elemental analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were also employed to characterize the properties of the lignin-g-styrene and sulfonate lignin-g-styrene products. Overall, sulfonated lignin-g-styrene polymer with a high anionicity and water solubility was produced.
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Weiss, R. A., S. R. Turner, and R. D. Lundberg. "Sulfonated polystyrene ionomers prepared by emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23, no. 2 (February 1985): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230226.

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Park, Hye-Seon, and Chang-Kook Hong. "Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Sulfonated Poly (Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene) Copolymers." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101669.

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Sulfonated poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) copolymer (S-SEBS) was prepared as an anion exchange membrane using the casting method. The prepared S-SEBS was further modified with sulfonic acid groups and grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) to improve the ionic conducting properties. The prepared MA-grafted S-SEBS (S-SEBS-g-MA) membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and dynamic modulus analysis (DMA). The morphology of the S-SEBS and S-SEBS-g-MA was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The modified membranes formed ionic channels by means of association with the sulfonate group and carboxyl group in the SEBS. The electrochemical properties of the modified SEBS membranes, such as water uptake capability, impedance spectroscopy, ionic conductivity, and ionic exchange capacity (IEC), were also measured. The electrochemical analysis revealed that the S-SEBS-g-MA anion exchange membrane showed ionic conductivity of 0.25 S/cm at 100% relative humidity, with 72.5% water uptake capacity. Interestingly, we did not observe any changes in their mechanical and chemical properties, which revealed the robustness of the modified SEBS membrane.
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Kowalczynska, H. M., and J. Kaminski. "Adhesion of L1210 cells to modified styrene copolymer surfaces in the presence of serum." Journal of Cell Science 99, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.99.3.587.

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The static adhesion of living L1210 cells (in serum-containing medium) to the surface of (styrene/methylmethacrylate) copolymers differing in styrene content (from 5% to 50% of styrene units) was investigated. The examination of wettability of the copolymer surfaces showed that the contact angle of water on the hydrophobic surfaces is an increasing linear function of styrene content in the copolymer. Cell adhesion to the unwettable surfaces is low (within 2–4%). A novel method of modification of the styrene copolymer surfaces was used to render these surfaces suitable for cell attachment. The modification consists of sulfonation of the surfaces with sulfur trioxide at the gas/solid interface. The contact angle of sulfonated copolymer surfaces is a decreasing linear function of styrene content in the copolymer. The contact angle decreases due to the increased number of highly hydrophilic sulfonic groups bonded to styrene. By acetylation of the sulfonated surfaces it was shown that cell adhesion to acetylated surfaces is not diminished and is at the same level as cell adhesion to sulfonated copolymer surfaces. Thus, it can be concluded that sulfonation of copolymer surfaces does not form hydroxyl groups. Cell adhesion to substrata of high wettability stabilizes after 30s. The relative number of cells adhering to the sulfonated copolymer surfaces is a decreasing linear function of the contact angle. For the copolymer surfaces containing 50% of styrene units the contact angle decreases sevenfold, due to sulfonation, and the number of adhering cells increases 40-fold. The results obtained show that for cell-substratum adhesive interaction the presence of sulfonic groups at the substratum surface is important.
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Piñón-Balderrama, Claudia, César Leyva-Porras, Roberto Olayo-Valles, Javier Revilla-Vázquez, Ulrich S. Schubert, Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez, and José Bonilla-Cruz. "Self-Assembly Investigations of Sulfonated Poly(methyl methacrylate-block-styrene) Diblock Copolymer Thin Films." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4375838.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate-block-styrene) block copolymers (BCs) of low dispersity were selectively sulfonated on the styrenic segment. Several combinations of degree of polymerization and volume fraction of each block were investigated to access different self-assembled morphologies. Thin films of the sulfonated block copolymers were prepared by spin-coating and exposed to solvent vapor (SVA) or thermal annealing (TA) to reach equilibrium morphologies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed for characterizing the films, which exhibited a variety of nanometric equilibrium and nonequilibrium morphologies. Highly sulfonated samples revealed the formation of a honeycomb-like morphology obtained in solution rather than by the self-assembly of the BC in the solid state. The described morphologies may be employed in applications such as templates for nanomanufacturing and as cover and binder of catalytic particles in fuel cells.
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Shim, Sang-Yeon, and RA Weiss. "Sulfonated poly(ethylene-ran-styrene) ionomers." Polymer International 54, no. 8 (2005): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1836.

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Kumar, Vikash, Piyush Kumar, Arpita Nandy, and Patit Paban Kundu. "Crosslinked inter penetrating network of sulfonated styrene and sulfonated PVdF-co-HFP as electrolytic membrane in a single chamber microbial fuel cell." RSC Advances 5, no. 39 (2015): 30758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03411f.

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In the present study, semi-IPN membranes of sulfonated styrene (SS) and sulfonated PVdF-co-HFP membranes have been analyzed as a polymer electrolyte membrane in single chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs).
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Dickinson, L. Charles, R. A. Weiss, and Gary E. Wnek. "NMR Characterization of Sulfonation Blockiness in Copoly(styrene−sulfonated styrene)." Macromolecules 34, no. 9 (April 2001): 3108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0016275.

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ASAKO, YOSHINOBU, SATORU ONO, RYUJI AIZAWA, and TOSHIHIRO KAWAKAMI. "PROPERTIES OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS CONTAINING SULFONATED POLY(STYRENE-CO-DIVINYLBENZENE) PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 3159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001598.

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Two series of sulfonated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) particles (SSD), different in average particle diameter and in sulfonic acid substitution level were synthesized. The vertical sectional views of the SSD particles showed that the sulfonic acid groups were uniformly distributed all over the SSD particles. The electrorheological behavior of the suspensions of the SSD particles in silicone oil was investigated. Induced shear stress under an electric field increased with the increase of average particle diameter and sulfonic acid substitution level. The sedimentation velocity of the dispersed particles was monotonous with the average particle diameter and the sulfonic acid substitution level. Another series of sulfonated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) particles (SSDH), different in sulfonic acid substitution level, was separately prepared. The vertical sectional views of the SSDH particles showed that the particles had sulfonated surface layer and unsulfonated core. The suspensions of the SSDH particles having the sulfonated layer of not less than 1.4 microns induced similar shear stress at the same electric field strength. The sedimentation velocity of the dispersed particles was lowered with diminishing the thickness of the sulfonated layer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfonated styrene"

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Yeniay, Secil. "Sulfonated Styrene-co-maleic Acid And Its Derivatives As Superplasticizers In Concrete." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609455/index.pdf.

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In the past three decades, a new group of concrete admixtures, termed &ldquo
superplasticizers&rdquo
, were introduced to the concrete industry. They have gained wide acceptance because of their many advantages. The addition of superplasticizers to concrete improves the workability and strength of concrete. In this study, the effect of the chemical structure of poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (SSAMA), which contains both sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups, which is a new superplasticizer, was analyzed. Two different molecular weights of PEG (polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether) were grafted to this water-soluble copolymer at different weight compositions. The structures of synthesized copolymers were verified by FTIR and NMR analyses. The molecular weight difference of the grafted copolymers with different side chain lengths was determined by dilute solution viscosimetry. The effects of chemical structure of grafted copolymers on the fluidity of cement paste and the mechanical properties of the mortars were investigated. The zeta potential measurements revealed the interactions between the cement particles and polycarboxylate type superplasticizers. The maximum fluidity was achieved for the PEG grafted copolymer with the weight ratio 3:3. The mechanical properties of this copolymer showed the highest flexural and compressive strength compared to other copolymers. The addition of various Li salts to SSAMA affected the ionic medium, therefore, the dispersion performance of cement paste and the mechanical properties of the mortars improved. The mixture of LiCl: SSAMA in 1:1 mol ratio exhibited the maximum fluidity compared to other Li salts and their compositions. This mixture gave the highest flexural strength but the mixture of Li2CO3 in 1:1 composition gave the highest compressive strength in each salt mixtures.
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Blosch, Sarah Elizabeth. "Structure-Property Relationships of Isoprene-Sodium Styrene Sulfonate Elastomeric Ionomers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86362.

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Polymers containing less than 10 mol % of ions (ionomers) have been studied in depth for their potential in producing polymers with tailored properties for specific applications. A small molar percentage of ions can be incorporated into a polymer to drastically enhance the properties of the polymer. An ionomer that has been studied is that of isoprene copolymerized with sodium styrene sulfonate (poly(I-co-NaSS)). Research has been performed relating to the synthesis and chemical characterization of the copolymers. However, an in depth study of the way the physical properties are affected by a change in ion concentration has not been presented. Thus, it is the goal of this thesis to synthesize a series of poly(I-co-NaSS) copolymers with varying levels of sulfonated styrene and characterize their physical properties. The poly(I-co-NaSS) polymers, containing a range of 1.15 to 4.74 mol % NaSS, were polymerized using free radical emulsion polymerization. The copolymer compositions were confirmed using combustion sulfur analysis. Dynamic light scattering indicated that large aggregates were present in solution. These aggregates were large enough that capillary intrinsic viscosities could not be measured. Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and thermal analysis showed little change as the ion concentration was increased, while tensile, stress relaxation and adhesion properties were improved. The absence of changes in the SAXS patterns indicated that there was an absence of a well-defined ionic aggregate, while the mechanical properties showed evidence of electrostatic interactions. This can be at least partially attributed to ionic interactions on a smaller scale (doublets, triplets).
Master of Science
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Pitia, Emmanuel Sokiri. "Composite Proton Exchange Membrane Based on Sulfonated Organic Nanoparticles." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1339277956.

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Ngqongwa, Lundi Vincent. "Electrochemical characterization of nanostructured SnO2 and TiO2 for potential application as dielectric materials in sulfonated-polyaniline based supercapacitors." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2575.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc
In this research project, nanostructured composites based on Tin dioxide (SnO2) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with poly-4-styrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer has been investigated based on their structural, electrical and electrochemical properties. The synthesis of conducting polymers and their metal oxide or composites have been carried out chemically or electrochemically according to methods modified from the literature. Layer-by-layer construction of nano-Metal Oxide/PSSA doped polyaniline composites were successfully constructed by electroanalytical methods on the surface of a glassy carbon working electrode (GCE).
South Africa
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Peyton, Daniel Junior. "Nitrogen-compound removal by ion exchange a model system study of the effect of nitrogen-compound type on the removal performance of two sulfonated styrene/divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins." Ohio : Ohio University, 1990. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183467365.

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Barbosa, Danns Pereira. "Redução de espécies nitrato em água sobre catalisadores bimetálicos de paládio." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10076.

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CAPES
O amplo uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados, bem como os sistemas de saneamento rudimentares e as atividades pecuárias, têm aumentado a contaminação das águas subterrâneas e, portanto, da água potável. Devido aos graves riscos das espécies nitrato para a saúde humana, tem sido dispensada muita atenção para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para removê-las da água. Dessa forma, neste trabalho foram preparados catalisadores bimetálicos de paládio e estanho ou índio suportados em estireno-divinilbenzeno (Sty-DVB) sulfonado, a fim de desenvolver catalisadores eficientes para a remoção das espécies nitrato da água. O suporte foi sintetizado por polimerização em suspensão, enquanto os catalisadores bimetálicos foram preparados por dois métodos: impregnações sucessivas e redução catalítica. Foram obtidos catalisadores com 5% m/m de paládio e vários teores (0,5, 2 e 4% m/m) de estanho ou índio, que foram caracterizados por espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, adsorção de nitrogênio, análise química elementar, difração de raios X, termogravimetria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os catalisadores foram avaliados na redução das espécies de nitrato na água, na presença e na ausência de dióxido de carbono. Verificou-se que o suporte não adsorve nitrato, nitrito e amônia e não apresenta atividade na redução das espécies nitrato. Os catalisadores com índio foram mais ativos na redução de espécies nitrato, e menos seletivos a nitrogênio, do que os catalisadores com estanho. Além disso, os catalisadores com estanho e preparados por redução catalítica foram mais ativos do que aqueles preparados por impregnações sucessivas. Um comportamento inverso foi observado com os catalisadores contendo índio. Com a maioria das amostras, o dióxido de carbono aumentou a atividade, reduziu a seletividade a nitrito e aumentou a produção das espécies amônio. Os melhores desempenhos catalíticos foram apresentados pelas amostras 5%Pd2%Sn/Sty-DVB, (atividade=15,2 cmol. min-1.g-1; seletividade a nitrogênio = 98%) e 5%Pd0,5%In/Sty-DVB (atividade= 18,8 cmol.min-1.g-1; seletividade a nitrogênio = 89%), preparadas por impregnações sucessivas e redução catalítica , respectivamente.
Salvador
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Cong, Rongjuan Pelton Robert H. "PEO/poly(vinyl phenol-co-styrene sulfonate) aqueous complex formation /." *McMaster only, 2002.

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Levy, Florence. "Fonctionnalisation d'un latex de polystyrène par un monomère chloré : le bis 2 chloroéthyl-itaconate." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10538.

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Fonctionnalisation superficielle du polystyrene par bis 2-chloro ethyl-itaconate. Determination des constantes cinetiques et physicochimiques. Etude de la copolymerisation avec le styrene et l'acrylate de butyle
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Musa, Haruna. "Synthesis, characterisation and applications of end-functional poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508080.

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El-Aufy, Afaf Khamis Ko Frank K. "Nanofibers and nanocomposites of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) by electrospinning /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/282.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfonated styrene"

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Rodriguez, A. F. R., J. A. H. Coaquira, J. G. Santos, L. B. Silveira, E. M. Marmolejo, W. Trennepohl, D. Rabelo, A. C. Oliveira, V. K. Garg, and P. C. Morais. "Characterization of magnetite nanoparticles supported in sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene mesoporous copolymer." In ISIAME 2008, 417–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01370-6_55.

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Hampton, Kenneth W., and Warren T. Ford. "Synthesis and Emulsion Copolymerizations of Styrene Sulfonate Monomers for Cross-Linked Polyampholyte Latexes." In ACS Symposium Series, 25–35. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0755.ch003.

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de Oliveira, S. B., D. Rabelo, and M. C. Rangel. "Monitoring the preparation of spherical activated carbon from sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer." In Nanoporous Materials IV, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Nanoporous Materials, 609–16. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(05)80263-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfonated styrene"

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Wang, Xuan-Lun, Il-Kwon Oh, Jun Lu, Jin-Hun Ju, and Sun-Woo Lee. "Ionic polymer-metal composite actuators employing sulfonated poly (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) as ionic-exchange membranes." In International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.779343.

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Lee, Seon Suk, Il Ho Kang, Sung Hun Jin, Deok Kyu Choi, and Dai Soo Lee. "Effect of Poly(4-Styrene Sulfonic Acid) on the Surface Resistivities of Sulfonated Poly(Styrene-B-Ethylenebutylene-B-Styrene) Filled with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) for Antistatic Coating and EMI Shielding." In 2007 Proceedings 57th Electronic Components and Technology Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2007.374066.

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Wang, Xuanlun, Tai-Hong Cheng, Liang Xu, and Il-Kwon Oh. "Ionic polymer metal composite actuators employing irradiation-crosslinked sulfonated poly(styrene-ran-ethylene) as ion-exchange membranes." In Second International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering, edited by Jinsong Leng, Anand K. Asundi, and Wolfgang Ecke. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.839987.

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Efelina, Vita, Eri Widianto, Dadi Rusdiana, A. A. Nugroho, Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, Kuwat Triyana, and Iman Santoso. "Preparation of graphene oxide/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxytriophene): Poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrospun nanofibers." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAMST 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945468.

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Widianto, Eri, Vita Efelina, Dadi Rusdiana, A. A. Nugroho, Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, Kuwat Triyana, and Iman Santoso. "Preparation of graphene oxide/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxytriophene): Poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrospun nanofibers." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAMST 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945550.

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Hudson, C. Monica. "Intercalation of Layered Double Hydroxide Polymer Nanocomposites." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/trib-29096.

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Magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) based layered double hydroxide (LDH) polymer nanocomposites were developed through the implementation of a rehydration technique. Organic anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and an anionic polymer, poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) were used for intercalation in the cationic intergallery spacing of LDH. This rehydration technique was performed by calcination of the LDH precursor for removal of carbonate anion followed by rehydration of organic anionic phase in a nitrogen rich atmosphere. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder x-ray diffraction (XRD).
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Agarwal, Mangilal, Sudhir Shrestha, Parvin Ghane, and Kody Varahramyan. "Layer-by-Layer Nanoassembly of CIS Nanoparticles." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34157.

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Copper Indium Selenium (CIS), due to its tunable wide band gap, has been widely studied for photovoltaic applications. In this work, CIS nanoparticles have been fabricated and functionalized with poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and/or poly-allylamine hydrochloride (PAH), which allow them to disperse in aqueous solution. The resulting aqueous dispersion of CIS nanoparticles have subsequently been used to construct thin multilayer CIS films on flexible substrates using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) nanoassembly process. LbL nanoassembly is a cost-effective process that allows construction of composite nanoscale multilayer coatings of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, nanoparticles and/or other nanomaterials. The results from Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) show that the CIS nanoparticles with other polyelectrolytes, such as PSS and PAH, can be used to deposit thin films of controlled nanometer range thickness using LbL process. The utilization of the developed LbL based CIS films in solar cell fabrication is currently in progress.
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Wang, Dong Hwan, Min Soo Kim, Woongsik Jang, HyungBin Son, and Felix SunJoo Kim. "Effective hole extraction of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) via post-treatment with alcoholic solvent for highly conductive polymer electrode in ITO-free organic solar cells." In Organic, Hybrid, and Perovskite Photovoltaics XXI, edited by Kwanghee Lee, Zakya H. Kafafi, Paul A. Lane, Harald W. Ade, and Yueh-Lin (Lynn) Loo. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2571829.

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Kerdjoudj, H., V. Moby, N. Berthelemy, J. C. Voegel, P. Menu, and J. F. Stoltz. "Use of Polyelectrolyte Films in Vascular Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192538.

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Vascular diseases with their high morbidity and mortality are a major challenge for medical science, engaging the best minds in modern medicine. The development of antithrombogenic surfaces still remains a huge challenge in the vascular tissue engineering field. Various researchers have expanded surface coating procedures allowing endothelial cells (EC) adhesion and retention on vascular substitutes or by incorporating some of the mechanisms employed by vascular endothelial cells i.e. heparin. The short in vivo patency of these grafts is related. Our group study evaluates a new surface modification based on polyelectrolyte building. The layer by layer self assembly and the result in polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEM) became also in a recent past a challenging, simple and versatile way to engineer surfaces with highly specific properties. Previous studies indicated that the poly(sodium-4 styrene sulfonate)/poly (allylamine hydrochloride) PSS/PAH multilayered films when ended by PAH induce strong adhesion and retention of mature EC which spread and keep their phenotype as well on glass [1,2], on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene ePTFE [3] and on cryopreserved arteries [4,5]. The mechanical properties (compliance), leading to early intimal hyperplasia and graft failure, were lost after artery cryopreservation. We have demonstrated the compliance restoration of PEM treated cryopreserved close to native arteries [5]. The use of an autologous EC source avoids the immunological rejections of the grafts. With an autologous origin, high proliferation capacity and potentialities to proliferate and differentiate into matures EC, the endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have raised huge interest and offer new opportunities in vascular engineering. Currents protocols for isolation and differentiation of EPC from peripheral blood requires at least 1 month to observe an endothelium-like morphology and about 2 months for confluent EC monolayer. The EPC cultivated on PEM treated glasses showed a monolayer development after only 14 days of culture. The morphological appearance and mature phenotype markers expression and repartition of the monolayer cells are close to mature EC [6]. These main results have led to French patent deposit in June 2007[7].
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10

Loyola, Bryan R., Valeria La Saponara, and Kenneth J. Loh. "Embedded Piezoresistive Thin Films for Monitoring GFRP Composites." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3621.

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The trend towards higher reliance on fiber-reinforced composites for structural components has led to the need to rethink current nondestructive evaluation (NDE) strategies. In principle, embeddable sensor schemes are desired for green-light/red-light structural health monitoring systems that do not negatively affect the properties and performance of the host structure. However, there are still numerous challenges that need to be overcome before these embedded sensing technologies can be realized for real-world structural systems. For example, some of these issues and challenges include the damage detection sensitivity/threshold, reliability of the system, transportability of the system to multiple configurations and different types of structural components, and signal processing/interpretation. The objective of this study is to develop a novel, embedded sensing system that can accurately quantify damage to composites without interfering with structural performance and functionality. In particular, this study will utilize multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-polyelectrolyte (PE) thin films deposited on a glass fiber substrate for in situ composite structural monitoring. A layer-by-layer (LbL) film fabrication methodology is employed for depositing piezoresistive nanocomposites directly onto glass fiber fabrics, and the resulting film exhibits excellent strain sensing performance, homogeneity, and exhibits no phase segregation. Specifically, the LbL fabrication process will employ polycationic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyanionic poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) doped with MWNTs for fabricating the electrically-conductive and piezoresistive thin films. Upon film deposition, the glass fiber substrates are infused with an epoxy matrix via wet-layup to fabricate self-sensing glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite specimens for testing. A frequency-domain approach, based on electrical impedance spectroscopy, is used to characterize the electromechanical response of the GFRP-MWNT-based thin film samples when subjected to complex uni-axial tensile load patterns. A resistor connected to a parallel resistor-capacitor circuit model is proposed for fitting experimental impedance spectroscopic measurements. It has been found that the series resistor models the bulk thin film piezoresistive performance accurately. In addition, these impedance measurements shed light on the glass fiber-thin film interaction electromechanical behavior. Bi-functional strain sensitivity is observed for all GFRP specimens, and the transition point of bilinear strain sensitivity is utilized as a possible metric for GFRP damage detection.
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Reports on the topic "Sulfonated styrene"

1

Mather, Brian D., Frederick L. Beyer, and Timothy E. Long. Morphological Behavior of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-Styrene Triblock Copolymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444744.

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2

Mather, B. D., F. L. Beyer, and T. E. Long. Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-Styrene Triblock Copolymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454803.

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3

Sloan, James M., David Suleiman, Yossef A. Elabd, Eugene Napadensky, and Dawn M. Crawford. Thermogravimetric and Spectroscopic Characterization of Sulfonated Poly(Styrene-Isobutylene-Styrene) Block Copolymers: Effects of Processing Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada449944.

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