Journal articles: 'Sulphur cycle'

1

Strauss, Harald. "Sulphur isotopes and the early Archaean sulphur cycle." Precambrian Research 126, no. 3-4 (October 2003): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(03)00104-9.

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Janssen, A. J. H., R. Ruitenberg, and C. J. N. Buisman. "Industrial applications of new sulphur biotechnology." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 8 (October 1, 2001): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0471.

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The emission of sulphur compounds into the environment is undesirable because of their acidifying characteristics. The processing of sulphidic ores, oil refining and sulphuric acid production are major sources of SO2 emissions. Hydrogen sulphide is emitted into the environment as dissolved sulphide in wastewater or as H2S in natural gas, biogas, syngas or refinery gases. Waste streams containing sulphate are generated by many industries, including mining, metallurgical, pulp and paper and petrochemical industries. Applying process technologies that rely on the biological sulphur cycle can prevent environmental pollution. In nature sulphur compounds may cycle through a series of oxidation states (-2, 0, +2, +4, +6). Bacteria of a wide range of genera gain metabolic energy from either oxidising or reducing sulphur compounds. Paques B.V. develops and constructs reactor systems to remove sulphur compounds from aqueous and gaseous streams by utilising naturally occurring bacteria from the sulphur cycle. Due to the presence of sulphide, heavy metal removal is also achieved with very high removal efficiencies. Ten years of extensive laboratory and pilot plant research has, to date, resulted in the construction of over 30 full-scale installations. This paper presents key processes from the sulphur cycle and discusses recent developments about their application in industry.

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3

Lovelock, James. "A geophysiologist's thoughts on the natural sulphur cycle." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1350 (February 28, 1997): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0009.

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The climate depends on the atmospheric abundance of sulphur aerosols at all levels up to the stratopause. Volcanoes, combustion and biological emissions all contribute and usually result in cooling. The history of this topic is lively and goes back at least to the eighteenth century with Benjamin Franklin's comments on the cooling effects of the sulphuric acid aerosol from the Icelandic volcano, Laki. Mitchell first drew attention to the potential cooling effects of combustion aerosols. Charlson and his colleagues proposed that emissions of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) from ocean algae might also be important. More recently, Lovelock and Kump drew attention to the decline of biological sulphur emissions with global warming and the possible consequence of a positive feedback on climate change. The geophysiological aspects, which arose from the Gaia hypothesis in the early 1970s, form an important part of the account that follows.

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4

Hamilton, E. I. "The global biogeochemical sulphur cycle." Science of The Total Environment 41, no. 2 (February 1985): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90190-1.

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Tichy, R., W. H. Rulkens, J. T. C. Grotenhuis, V. Nydl, C. Cuypers, and J. Fajtl. "Bioleaching of metals from soils or sediments." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 8 (April 1, 1998): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0316.

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Bioleaching can be one of few techniques applicable for the removal of toxic metals from polluted soils or sediments. Its principle is a microbial production of sulphuric acid and leaching of metals with it. The use of bioleaching can benefit from the use of low-cost substrates and from a possible coupling to other processes of microbial sulphur cycle, like sulphate reduction to treat spent bioleaching liquor, or partial sulphide oxidation to recycle sulphur. For the evaluation of bioleaching, the existence of different leaching strategies is considered, i.e. intensive or extensive extraction. The intensive extraction uses high concentrations of acid at short extraction times, whereas low acid additions and long treatment times are used in extensive processes. On a reference study with wetland sediment receiving mine drainage we demonstrated that the bioleaching is a typical extensive process. The bioleaching experiments involved the use of the different sulphur substrates, i.e. orthorhombic sulphur flower and microbially produced, recycled sulphur from partial sulphide oxidation process. The latter type of sulphur substrate performed considerably better.

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6

Holland, Heinrich D. "Evolution of the global biogeochemical sulphur cycle." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, no. 6 (June 1990): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90419-l.

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7

Jørgensen, Bo Barker. "Unravelling the sulphur cycle of marine sediments." Environmental Microbiology 21, no. 10 (July 11, 2019): 3533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14721.

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8

Benarie, Michel. "Evolution of the global biogeochemical sulphur cycle." Science of The Total Environment 104, no. 3 (May 1991): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90079-t.

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9

BARBAROSSA, V., S. BRUTTI, M. DIAMANTI, S. SAU, and G. DEMARIA. "Catalytic thermal decomposition of sulphuric acid in sulphur–iodine cycle for hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31, no. 7 (June 2006): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.08.003.

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10

Gordon, Roman, Andrés González, Jorge Franco, Nivaldo De Gracia, Adys De Herrera, and William Raun. "Evaluación de dosis y métodos de aplicación de azufre y su efecto residual en el cultivo de maíz en dos localidades de Azuero, Panamá." Agronomía Mesoamericana 3 (June 22, 2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v3i0.25206.

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Two trials were conducted in 1990 in the zone of Azuero-Panama, to observe the response of the corn to the residual effect of sulphur (CaS04) under two application methods. In 1989, sulphur was broadcasted at arate of 0.20, 40 and 80 kg/ha, or handspiked at arate of 0.20 and 40 kg/ha. During the second cycle (1990), only 100 kg/ha of N were applied to the plots in order to observe the residual effect of the treatments. There was a lineal response for the two bypsum application methods in the first cycle, but there was no interaction among these two independent variables. The fact that one of the. highest yields wasobtained with a 20 kg/ha, doseshows us that a low dosage of this element is anough to have significant responses. The resiudal response of the sulphur application (1990) was highly significant getting yield increments ranging from 0.483 to 1.682 t/ha. The economic analysis of the two cycles (1989-1990) showed that the sulphur application was profitable with respect to the dose 0 (zero), given the low cost of the agricultural gypsum.

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11

KONDO, RYUJI. "I-3. Bacterial sulphur cycle of estuarine environments." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 78, no. 2 (2012): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.277.

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12

Frãzao, C., T. Urich, C. Gomes, and A. Kletzin. "Structure of a spherical selfcompartmentalizing sulphur cycle metalloenzyme." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 62, a1 (August 6, 2006): s28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767306099430.

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13

Habicht, Kirsten S., and Donald E. Canfield. "Sulphur isotope fractionation in modern microbial mats and the evolution of the sulphur cycle." Nature 382, no. 6589 (July 1996): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382342a0.

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14

Singh, Rachana, Parul Parihar, and Sheo Mohan Prasad. "Sulphur and calcium attenuate arsenic toxicity inBrassicaby adjusting ascorbate–glutathione cycle and sulphur metabolism." Plant Growth Regulation 91, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00601-8.

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15

Montinaro, A., and H. Strauss. "Sulphur tales from the early Archean world." International Journal of Astrobiology 15, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550415000531.

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AbstractSedimentary and magmatic rocks and their distinct sulphur isotopic signatures indicate the sources and processes of sulphur cycling, in particular through the analysis of all four stable sulphur isotopes (32S, 33S, 34S and 36S). Research over the past 15 years has substantially advanced our understanding of sulphur cycling on the early Earth, most notably through the discovery of mass-independently fractionated sulphur isotopic signatures. A strong atmospheric influence on the early Archean global sulphur cycle is apparent, much in contrast to the modern world. Diverse microbially driven sulphur cycling is clearly discernible, but its importance for Earth surface environments remains to be quantified.

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16

Sutton, William J., Gale G. Bozzo, Chevonne Carlow, William N. MacDonald, and Barry J. Shelp. "Strategic timing and rate of sulphur fertilization improves sulphur use efficiency in subirrigated greenhouse-grown chrysanthemums." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 654–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0334.

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Industry standards for nutrient delivery to greenhouse-grown ornamentals are typically in excess of the plant’s needs and can be reduced without causing adverse effects. Previous studies have reduced the level of specific nutrients or suite of nutrients over the entire crop cycle or at the onset of reproductive growth. Here, two split-plot experiments (four blocks each) were conducted with subirrigated, potted, disbudded chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) grown under greenhouse conditions with sulphate treatment (2.25 mmol L−1 S supplied continuously over the crop cycle in experiment 2 only and 2.25, 1.125, or 0.5625 mmol L−1 S interrupted at inflorescence emergence) as the main plot and cultivar (‘Olympia’ and ‘Covington’) as the sub-plot. Morphological characteristics of plants with fully-expanded inflorescences were unaffected by decreasing S delivery over the crop cycle. Dry mass (DM) yields and S budgets revealed that supply-based S use and S uptake efficiencies increased markedly in both cultivars with decreasing S delivery. Minor amounts of reduced-S, rather than sulphate, were lost from leaves of ‘Covington’ during inflorescence development. High quality chrysanthemums had sufficient leaf-S (0.17%–0.23% DM) at inflorescence emergence even with the lowest S supply, which would deliver an approximate 87.5% reduction in S over the crop cycle compared with industry standards. The primary mechanism to obtain sufficient S for the growth of chrysanthemums in these studies was increased uptake efficiency.

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17

Liu, Jiarui, André Pellerin, Gareth Izon, Jiasheng Wang, Gilad Antler, Jinqiang Liang, Pibo Su, Bo Barker Jørgensen, and Shuhei Ono. "The multiple sulphur isotope fingerprint of a sub-seafloor oxidative sulphur cycle driven by iron." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 536 (April 2020): 116165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116165.

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18

Eckardt, Frank. "The origin of sulphates: an example of sulphur isotopic applications." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 25, no. 4 (December 2001): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330102500403.

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This review is concerned with the technique of stable isotope analyses (δ34S‰) as a means of studying the sulphur cycle with particular emphasis on the formation of sulphate evaporites such as gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). Gypsum is found in all settings that promote evaporation, including hot and cold desert environments. The technique of sulphur isotopic analysis lends itself to constraining the primary sources of sulphur as well as associated pathways of sulphur dispersal, which lead to the formation of sulphate. The review features gypsum in caves, salt pans and limestone walls with sulphur sources ranging from the marine environment to bedrock.

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19

Eliseev, A. V., M. Zhang, R. D. Gizatullin, A. V. Altukhova, Yu P. Perevedentsev, and A. I. Skorokhod. "Impact of sulphur dioxide on the terrestrial carbon cycle." Известия Российской академии наук. Физика атмосферы и океана 55, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002-351555141-53.

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In this paper, the earlier results, which were obtained with the climate model developed at the A.M. Obu khov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM) and related to the impact of the atmospheric sulphur dioxide on terrestrial carbon cycle, are elucidated. Because of the unavailability of the global data for near surface SO2 concentration, it was reconstructed by using statistical model which was fitted employing the output of the atmospheric chemistry-transport model RAMS-CMAQ. The obtained results are in general agreement with those reported earlier. In particular, the most significant SO2 impact on terrestrial carbon cycle is simulated for south-east North America and for Europe. However, such impact for south-east Asia is markedly weaker in comparison to that reported earlier, which is related to excessive moisture content in the atmosphere of this region.

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20

Johnston, D. T., S. W. Poulton, P. W. Fralick, B. A. Wing, D. E. Canfield, and J. Farquhar. "Insight into the variability within the Proterozoic sulphur cycle." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.601.

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21

Kim, Mi-Jin, Kwansoo Yang, Hui-Ju Kang, Hyun Jin Hwang, Jong Chan Won, Yun Ho Kim, and Young-Si Jun. "Polyimide-Coated Glass Microfiber as Polysulfide Perm-Selective Separator for High-Performance Lithium-Sulphur Batteries." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111612.

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Although numerous research efforts have been made for the last two decades, the chronic problems of lithium-sulphur batteries (LSBs), i.e., polysulfide shuttling of active sulphur material and surface passivation of the lithium metal anode, still impede their practical application. In order to mitigate these issues, we utilized polyimide functionalized glass microfibers (PI-GF) as a functional separator. The water-soluble precursor enabled the formation of a homogenous thin coating on the surface of the glass microfiber (GF) membrane with the potential to scale and fine-tune: the PI-GF was prepared by simple dipping of commercial GF into an aqueous solution of poly(amic acid), (PAA), followed by thermal imidization. We found that a tiny amount of polyimide (PI) of 0.5 wt.% is more than enough to endow the GF separator with useful capabilities, both retarding polysulfide migration. Combined with a free-standing microporous carbon cloth-sulphur composite cathode, the PI-GF-based LSB cell exhibits a stable cycling over 120 cycles at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and an areal sulphur loading of 2 mgS/cm2 with only a marginal capacity loss of 0.099%/cycle. This corresponds to an improvement in cycle stability by 200%, specific capacity by 16.4%, and capacity loss per cycle by 45% as compared to those of the cell without PI coating. Our study revealed that a simple but synergistic combination of porous carbon supporting material and functional separator enabled us to achieve high-performance LSBs, but could also pave the way for the development of practical LSBs using the commercially viable method without using complicated synthesis or harmful and expensive chemicals.

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22

Ray, Sujay, and Arundhati Banerjee. "Structural Stability, Transitions, and Interactions within SoxYZCD-Thiosulphate from Sulfurimonas denitrificans: An In Silico Molecular Outlook for Maintaining Environmental Sulphur Cycle." Journal of Biophysics 2016 (September 29, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8683713.

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Thiosulphate oxidation (an essential mechanism) serves to maintain the global sulphur cycle. Earlier experimental and computational studies dealt with environmental thiosulphate oxidation but none dealt with thiosulphate oxidation from deep ocean belts. Wet-laboratory experimental research shows that epsilon-proteobacteria Sulfurimonas denitrificans possess sox (sulphur-oxidizing) operon and perform thiosulphate oxidation efficiently underneath the oceans. From this specific sox operon, SoxCD complex recycles the thiosulphate-bound SoxY from SoxYZ complex to balance the environmental sulphur cycle. So, four chief proteins were variedly modeled and relevant simulated interactive structures were obtained. The final simulated tetraprotein complex (SoxYZCD) from docked SoxYZ and SoxCD complexes was disclosed to be a highly interactive one with predominant ionic residues. Free energy of folding, solvent accessibility, and conformational shifts (coil-like conformation to helices and sheets) were observed in SoxYZ complex after interacting with SoxCD. The stability of the complex (SoxYZCD) after simulation was also observed through the electrostatic surface potential values. These evaluations were rationalized via biostatistics. This aids SoxCD for recycling SoxY along with thiosulphate, which remains interconnected by four H-bonds with SoxY. Therefore, this novel exploration is endowed with the detailed molecular viewpoint for maintaining the sulphur cycle (globally) including the ocean belts.

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Nolasco, Costanza, Patricia A. Chiacchiarini, Teresa Laura Lavalle, and Alejandra Giaveno. "A Novel Acidianus Strain Isolated from Copahue, Argentina Involved in the Sulphur Cycle of a Volcanic Environment." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.66.

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The extremely thermophilic archaea have become a research hotspot in the recent years because of their extreme living conditions, physicochemical characteristics such as the oxidation of sulphur, metal sulphide ore and excellent leaching capability of metal sulphides. A novel thermoacidophilic archaea (ALE1 strain) of the genusAcidianus,CandidatusAcidianus copahuensis, was isolated from the Copahue Volcano area, in Neuquén, Argentina. This strain was able to metabolize different sulphur compounds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ALE1 strain was inoculated in M88, a selective medium for thermoacidophilic archaea recommended by DSMZ. Elemental sulphur (So) and potassium tetrathionate (T) were used alternatively as the energy source, while oxygen and iron (III) were the electron acceptors in the aerobic and anaerobic tests respectively. All systems were incubated at 70oC in shake flasks. The pH, Eh, [H+] and cell concentration were measured. The results from the aerobic test confirm that ALE1 strain was able to oxidize (So) and (T) decreasing the pH significantly, reaching the values 1 and 1.5, respectively. A light yellow precipitate was formed only in the inoculated systems in presence of (T). It was characterized by SEM and FTIR techniques showing that only sulphur atoms are bonded together in some way not confirmed yet. In the anaerobic tests, it was found that ALE1 was able to oxidize sulphur and tetrathionate ion transferring electrons to iron (III) acceptor. The Eh decreased in all inoculated systems from nearly 500mV to 300mV approximately. This work shows that ALE1 strain is helping to keep active the sulphur cycle in the Copahue volcanic environment; however the challenge is to elucidate the metabolism involved.

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Yanover, S. B., A. I. Lisaya, O. A. Lunev, I. A. Kozlova, L. M. Purish, N. P. Zvyagintseva, and E. I. Andreyuk. "The Influence of Bacteria of Sulphur Cycle on Lead Corrosion." Key Engineering Materials 20-28 (January 1991): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.20-28.695.

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25

Rohwerder, T., W. Sand, and C. Lascu. "Preliminary Evidence for a Sulphur Cycle in Movile Cave, Romania." Acta Biotechnologica 23, no. 1 (January 2003): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.200390000.

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26

Stevenson, D. S., C. E. Johnson, W. J. Collins, and R. G. Derwent. "The tropospheric sulphur cycle and the role of volcanic SO2." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 213, no. 1 (2003): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.213.01.18.

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27

Kawamura, Hirotaka, Masashi Mori, Shin ichi Hashimoto, and Masaki Uotani. "Development of Pd-coated ceramic electrodes in hybrid sulphur cycle." International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications 2, no. 1 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnhpa.2009.023825.

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28

Prosini, Pier Paolo. "Coupling the nickel-iodine-sulphur cycle with a nuclear reactor." International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications 2, no. 4 (2013): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnhpa.2013.057320.

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29

PROSINI, P., C. CENTO, A. GIACONIA, G. CAPUTO, and S. SAU. "A modified sulphur–iodine cycle for efficient solar hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 3 (February 2009): 1218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.011.

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30

Bureš, Richard, Martin Klajmon, Jaroslav Fojt, Pavol Rak, Kristýna Jílková, and Jan Stoulil. "Artificial Patination of Copper and Copper Alloys in Wet Atmosphere with Increased Content of SO2." Coatings 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2019): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120837.

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Natural copper patina is usually formed over several decades. This work investigates the possibility of obtaining a stable artificial patina based on brochantite in a more reasonable time. The patination process was based on patina formation from a humid atmosphere containing sulphur dioxide. The studied parameters were humidity (condensation and condensation/drying), sulphur dioxide concentration (4.4–44.3 g·m−3) and surface pre-treatments (grinding, pre-oxidation and pre-patination) prior to the patination process. Samples were evaluated by mass change, digital image analysis, spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A resistometric method was employed in order to observe the patina formation continuously during the exposure. Conditions inside the chamber were monitored during the exposure (pH of water and concentration of SO2 in gaseous phase). According to XRD, it was possible to deliberately grow a brochantite patina of reasonable thickness (approx. 30 µm), even within a couple of days of exposure. The drying phase of the condensation cycle increased the homogeneity of the deposited patina. Formation kinetics were the fastest under a condensation/drying cycle, starting with 17.7 g·m−3 sulphur dioxide and decreasing dosing in the cycle, with an electrolyte pH close to 3. The higher sulphur dioxide content above 17.7 g·m−3 forms too aggressive a surface electrolyte, which led to the dissolution of the brochantite. The pre-oxidation of copper surface resulted in a significant improvement of patina homogeneity on the surface.

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Farquhar, James, and Boswell A. Wing. "The terrestrial record of stable sulphur isotopes: a review of the implications for evolution of Earth’s sulphur cycle." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 248, no. 1 (2005): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2005.248.01.09.

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32

MacKenzie, Fred T. "Evolution of the Global Biogeochemical Sulphur Cycle. Peter Brimblecombe , Alla Yu." Journal of Geology 99, no. 2 (March 1991): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629494.

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33

DOIZI, D., V. DAUVOIS, J. ROUJOU, V. DELANNE, P. FAUVET, B. LAROUSSE, O. HERCHER, P. CARLES, C. MOULIN, and J. HARTMANN. "Total and partial pressure measurements for the sulphur–iodine thermochemical cycle." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32, no. 9 (June 2007): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.11.039.

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Calil, C. M., P. O. Lima, C. F. Bernardes, F. C. Groppo, F. Bado, and F. K. Marcondes. "Influence of gender and menstrual cycle on volatile sulphur compounds production." Archives of Oral Biology 53, no. 12 (December 2008): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.06.008.

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35

Bilgili, Levent. "Life cycle comparison of marine fuels for IMO 2020 Sulphur Cap." Science of The Total Environment 774 (June 2021): 145719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145719.

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36

Wang, Hai-Guang, Basanta Kumar Biswal, Yan-Ping Mao, Guang-Hao Chen, and Di Wu. "Multiple-cycle operation of sulphur-cycle-enhanced biological phosphorus removal to maintain stable performance at high temperatures." Bioresource Technology 289 (October 2019): 121736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121736.

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37

Legrand, Michel. "Ice–core records of atmospheric sulphur." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1350 (February 28, 1997): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0019.

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Sulphate and methanesulphonate (MSA), the two major sulphur species trapped in polar ice, have been extensivelyh studied in Antarctic and Greenland ice cores spanning the last centuries, as well as the entire last climatic cycle. Data from the cores are used to investigate the past contribution of volcanic and biogenic emissions to the natural sulphur budget in high latitude regions of both Hemispheres. Sulphate concentrations in polar ice very often increased during one or two years after large volcanic eruptions. Sulphate records show that fossil fuel combustion has enhanced sulphate concentrations in Greenland snow by a factor of 4 since the beginning of this century, and that no similar trend has occurred in Antarctica. At present, sulphate in Antarctic snow is mainly marine and biogenic in origin and the rate of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) emissions may have been enhanced during pst developments of El Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSO). Marine biota and non–eruptive volcanic emissions represent the two main contributors to the natural high northern latitude sulphur budget. Whele these two sources have contributed equally to the natural sulphur budget of Greenland ice over the last 9000 years BP, non–eruptive volcanic emissions largely dominated the budget at the beginning of the Holocene. A general negative correlation is observed between surcace air temperatures of the Northern Hemisphere and Greenland snow MSA concentrations over the last two centuries. Positive sea–ice anomalies also seem to strengthen DMS emissions. A steady decrease of MSA is observed in Greenland snow layers deposited since 1945, which may either be related to decreasing DMS emissions from marine biota at high northern latitudes or a changing yield of MSA from DMS oxidation driven by modification of the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere in these regions. Slightly reduced MSA concentrations are obvserved in Greenland glacial ice with respect to interglacial levels. In contrast, sulphate and calcium levels are strongly enhanced during the ice age compared to the present day. These long–term variations in Greenland cores are opposite in sign to those revealed by Antarctic ice cores. Such a difference suggests that climate changes led to a quite different sulphur cycle response in the two Hemispheres.

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O'Dowd, Colin D., Michael H. Smith, Ian E. Consterdine, and Jason A. Lowe. "Marine aerosol, sea-salt, and the marine sulphur cycle: a short review." Atmospheric Environment 31, no. 1 (January 1997): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00106-9.

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39

Franz, Heather B., Sang-Tae Kim, James Farquhar, James M. D. Day, Rita C. Economos, Kevin D. McKeegan, Axel K. Schmitt, Anthony J. Irving, Joost Hoek, and James Dottin III. "Isotopic links between atmospheric chemistry and the deep sulphur cycle on Mars." Nature 508, no. 7496 (April 2014): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13175.

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40

Lin, Ying, Nanping Wu, Da Li, and Hong-Fei Ling. "Heterogeneity in the Ediacaran–Cambrian coastal oceans: a sulphur isotope perspective." Geological Magazine 157, no. 7 (November 8, 2019): 1112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819001213.

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AbstractMultiple sulphur isotope compositions of sedimentary pyrites across the Ediacaran–Cambrian (Ed–C) transition and into the early Cambrian from the Xiaotan section, Yunnan, South China, are presented to explore the evolution of the sulphur cycle. The values of δ34Spy range from 13.5 ‰ to 35.8 ‰, and the values of Δ33Spy range from −0.044 ‰ to 0.063 ‰. The first-order observation of highly positive δ34Spy is consistent with sulphur isotope records from other sedimentary successions (with various degrees of enrichment in 34S), reflecting a common feature in cycling of sulphur among ocean basins. The positive values suggest that pyrite was formed in a depositional setting with limiting availability of sulphate that suppressed the expression of microbial fractionations. The first-order observation of a 10-million-year period of negative Δ33Spy beginning around the Ed–C boundary likely reflects changes in isotopic compositions of sulphur influx to the oceans. Such changes are suggested to be linked to a pulse of preferred weathering of sulphides (with negative Δ33S) relative to sulphate, which may reflect enhanced exposure of pyrites in continental margins due to reorganization of continents at this time. Both δ34Spy and Δ33Spy data imply low seawater sulphate levels, and possibly heterogeneity in sulphate concentrations in the world’s coastal oceans. The predictions about sulphur isotope signatures of evolved seawater (with highly positive δ34S and negative Δ33S) at the Xiaotan section are testable with future measurements of carbonate-associated sulphate (CAS), a proxy of ancient oceanic sulphate that carries information about the operation of sulphur cycling on a global scale.

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41

Constable, T. W., R. Kissel, S. E. Sawell, and W. Cunningham. "Laboratory evaluation of solid residues from atmospheric fluidized bed combustion systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-005.

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Tests and analyses were conducted to characterize the physical, chemical, exothermic, and leaching properties of solid residues from bubbling bed atmospheric fluidized bed combustion units. The residues were produced during the combustion of eastern Canadian high-sulphur bituminous coals (4–8% sulphur) in a bed of eastern Canadian limestone. The residues were highly buffered and composed primarily of calcium and sulphur salts. They were exothermic and swelled considerably when contacted with water. Leachates generated during 20-cycle serial batch leaching tests were highly alkaline with high total dissolved solids concentrations, primarily calcium and sulphate ions. Column leaching test results and field observations suggest reactions may continue to occur over several months until the residues eventually solidify. The residues have properties that are unique, in comparison with conventional pulverized coal combustion wastes. Key words: fluidized bed combustion, ash, leaching.

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42

Halais, Christine, and R. J. Moir. "Enterohepatic circulation of sulphur in female goats." British Journal of Nutrition 63, no. 2 (March 1990): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900111.

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Sulphur flow through the gut was monitored in eight adult female goats at different stages in their reproductive cycle. The amount of S transferred from the body into digesta between the mouth and the transverse duodenum was directly proportional to the amount of nitrogen retained in the body and secreted in milk. S secretion into digesta was also a function of metabolic body-weight (body-weight0.75) in non-pregnant, non-lactating goats and in pregnant goats. During lactation there was an additional S input into digesta, and S gain was directly proportional to the yield of milk N. The S was conserved by intestinal absorption and was recycled to the gut predominantly as carbon-bound (neutral) S in bile. The enterohepatic circulation may act as a mobile reserve of S, particularly of taurine.

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43

Niessen, S., D. Foucher, O. Clarisse, J. C. Fischer, N. Mikac, Z. Kwokal, V. Fajon, and M. Horvat. "Influence of sulphur cycle on mercury methylation in estuarine sediment (Seine estuary, France)." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 107 (May 2003): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030456.

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44

Baker, Simon C., Don P. Kelly, and J. Colin Murrell. "Microbial degradation of methanesulphonic acid: a missing link in the biogeochemical sulphur cycle." Nature 350, no. 6319 (April 1991): 627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350627a0.

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Dota, Krithika, Aditya K. Dharmadhikari, Jayashree A. Dharmadhikari, Kaustuv Patra, Ashwani K. Tiwari, and Deepak Mathur. "A search for the sulphur hexafluoride cation with intense, few cycle laser pulses." Journal of Chemical Physics 139, no. 19 (November 21, 2013): 194302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4830222.

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Jones, Andy, David L. Roberts, Margaret J. Woodage, and Colin E. Johnson. "Indirect sulphate aerosol forcing in a climate model with an interactive sulphur cycle." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106, no. D17 (September 1, 2001): 20293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000jd000089.

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Li, Wei Hua, Lei Lei, Ningbo Yang, and Wei Yan. "Combined sulphur cycle based system of hydrogen production and biological treatment of wastewater." Environmental Technology 30, no. 12 (November 2009): 1297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330902984769.

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GOLDSTEIN, S., J. BORGARD, and X. VITART. "Upper bound and best estimate of the efficiency of the iodine sulphur cycle." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30, no. 6 (May 2005): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.06.005.

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49

Hinkley, James T., Jessica A. O’Brien, Christopher J. Fell, and Sten-Eric Lindquist. "Prospects for solar only operation of the hybrid sulphur cycle for hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36, no. 18 (September 2011): 11596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.048.

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50

Feniet-Saigne, C. "Methanesulphonic acid in antarctic precipitation: Its role in the local biogenic sulphur cycle." Chemical Geology 70, no. 1-2 (August 1988): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90471-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sulphur cycle'

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