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Journal articles on the topic 'Sumatran rhinoceros'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Goossens, Benoît, Milena Salgado-Lynn, Jeffrine J. Rovie-Ryan, Abdul H. Ahmad, Junaidi Payne, Zainal Z. Zainuddin, Senthilvel K. S. S. Nathan, and Laurentius N. Ambu. "Genetics and the last stand of the Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis." Oryx 47, no. 3 (May 9, 2013): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000045.

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AbstractThe Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis is on the brink of extinction. Although habitat loss and poaching were the reasons of the decline, today's reproductive isolation is the main threat to the survival of the species. Genetic studies have played an important role in identifying conservation priorities, including for rhinoceroses. However, for a species such as the Sumatran rhinoceros, where time is of the essence in preventing extinction, to what extent should genetic and geographical distances be taken into account in deciding the most urgently needed conservation interventions? We propose that the populations of Sumatra and Borneo be considered as a single management unit.

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2

Awaliah, Athaya Talitha Siti, Bainah Sari Dewi, and Gunardi Djoko Winarno. "The Palatability of Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) in Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 6, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3664-72.

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Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is a browser animal or shrub and foliage eaters that has wide needs and variety types of feed. The purpose of the research is to identify the feed types and the palatability of sumatran rhinoceros feed. Data was collected using Direct Observation method. The object of research was a female sumatran rhinoceros " aged named “Ratu”. The results shows that there were founded 61 feed species of rhinoceros in Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary. Those feeds were clasified in 30 different families. The drop-in feed was dominated by Moraceae and Rubiaceae was dominated the natural feed. Leaves were the most eaten part by sumatran rhinoceros both in drop-in feed (75%) or in natural feed (83%). The amount of feed which Sumatran rhinoceros could consumed in one day was 36-47 kg of the total supply as much as ± 100 kg/day. The most eaten quantites and the most prefered feed of sumatran rhinoceros were jack tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and merremia (Merremia peltata).Keywords: Sumatran Rhinoceros, Feed , Palatability, Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary

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3

Nardelli, Francesco. "Observations on the ex situ management of the Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae): present status and desiderata for conservation." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 15 (December 26, 2019): 14927–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4952.11.15.14927-14941.

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The Sumatran Rhinoceros is approaching extinction. A few dozen animals remain, dispersed in dwindling Indonesian rainforest with only a few years of likely survival time. Eight rhinos belonging to two subspecies are in controlled breeding centres. The Sumatran Rhinoceros differs markedly from the other four species of Rhinocerotidae and requires management according to specific protocols. Several Sumatran Rhinoceros have died in zoos, owing to lack of knowledge concerning their particular dietary requirements and their high sensitivity to anthropogenic activities. Recently more positive results, including successful births, have been achieved with the aid of scientific research, which continues to examine factors required for successful conservation and accommodation efforts.

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4

Schaller, George B., Nguyen Xuan Dang, Le Dinh Thuy, and Vo Thanh Son. "Javan rhinoceros in Vietnam." Oryx 24, no. 2 (April 1990): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034712.

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Two species of rhinoceros—the Javan and the Sumatran—once inhabited Vietnam but the Sumatran rhinoceros apparently became extinct there early this century and by the late 1960s it was feared that the Javan rhinoceros probably no longer occurred there either. Then, in November 1988, a hunter shot an adult female rhinoceros about 130 km north-east of Saigon. He was arrested when he tried to sell the horn and hide. In early 1989 the authors were conducting wildlife surveys near where the killing took place and they took this opportunity to check the status of the species. They found evidence that perhaps 10–15 Javan rhinoceros still survive in Vietnam. As a result of this discovery the Vietnamese Government has set up a Rhinoceros Conservation Group.

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5

Handayani, Dedi Duryadi, and Hadi Alikodra3. "JARAK GENETIK DAN KEKERABATAN TIGA JENIS BADAK DI DUNIA BERDASARKAN ANALISIS MtDNA." EduMatSains : Jurnal Pendidikan, Matematika dan Sains 5, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/edumatsains.v5i2.2248.

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The family Rhinocerotidae is distinct and well defined, but systematic relationships among the four genera evaluated on the basis of geographical distribution of the different genera. The purpose of the research is to find out the genetic distance of rhinos in the world. Samples of Sumatran rhinoceros (Indonesia) are from SRS (Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary) Way Kambas National Park, while for Indian rhinoceros and white African rhinos. Amplification of cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) genes in mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) uses a specific primer for COI. The two primary pairs are Primer to amplify the partial CO1 sequence (RHCO1F & RHCO1R). CO1 amplification process PCR conditions used are: predenaturation at 940C, followed by the main cycle denaturation stage at 940C for 45 seconds, primary annealing stage (annealing) at 580C. analyzed provides genetic distance ranging from (0.016) to (0.147) for each species. Analysis of 711 bp of rhino DNA sequences can be shown in the form of a matrix of genetic differences. The genetic distance of the white African rhinoceros (Ceratorium simum) with the Sumatran torgamba rhinoceros is (0.142), while with the Indian rhinoceros (0.147) and the genetic distance between the Sumatran rhinos themselves there is a difference that the Sumatran rhino Bina differs by (0.136-0.147) with the other three individuals, while Torgamba has a genetic distance with Rosa of (0.014) but with a very close genetic distance (0.007), and Andalas (0.017), while the genetic distance is close to Bina (0.014) with Rosa (0.014).

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6

Choudhury, Anwaruddin. "The status of the Sumatran rhinoceros in north-eastern India." Oryx 31, no. 2 (April 1997): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-9.x.

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The historical distribution of the Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis stretched from the foothills of the eastern Himalaya in Bhutan and north-eastern India, through Myanmar and Indo-China to Borneo and Sumatra. However, because of poaching and habitat loss the species is now struggling for survival in a few pockets of Myanmar, Thailand, the Malay peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (Khan, 1989).

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7

Havmøller, Rasmus Gren, Junaidi Payne, Widodo Ramono, Susie Ellis, K. Yoganand, Barney Long, Eric Dinerstein, et al. "Will current conservation responses save the Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis?" Oryx 50, no. 2 (August 3, 2015): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000472.

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AbstractThe Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis formerly ranged across South-east Asia. Hunting and habitat loss have made it one of the rarest large mammals and the species faces extinction despite decades of conservation efforts. The number of individuals remaining is unknown as a consequence of inadequate methods and lack of funds for the intensive field work required to estimate the population size of this rare and solitary species. However, all information indicates that numbers are low and declining. A few individuals persist in Borneo, and three tiny populations remain on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and show evidence of breeding. Rhino Protection Units are deployed at all known breeding sites but poaching and a presumed low breeding rate remain major threats. Protected areas have been created for the rhinoceros and other in situ conservation efforts have increased but the species has continued to go locally extinct across its range. Conventional captive breeding has also proven difficult; from a total of 45 Sumatran rhinoceros taken from the wild since 1984 there were no captive births until 2001. Since then only two pairs have been actively bred in captivity, resulting in four births, three by the same pair at the Cincinnati Zoo and one at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Sumatra, with the sex ratio skewed towards males. To avoid extinction it will be necessary to implement intensive management zones, manage the metapopulation as a single unit, and develop advanced reproductive techniques as a matter of urgency. Intensive census efforts are ongoing in Bukit Barisan Selatan but elsewhere similar efforts remain at the planning stage.

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8

Welker, Frido, Geoff M. Smith, Jarod M. Hutson, Lutz Kindler, Alejandro Garcia-Moreno, Aritza Villaluenga, Elaine Turner, and Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser. "Middle Pleistocene protein sequences from the rhinoceros genusStephanorhinusand the phylogeny of extant and extinct Middle/Late Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae." PeerJ 5 (March 14, 2017): e3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3033.

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BackgroundAncient protein sequences are increasingly used to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between extinct and extant mammalian taxa. Here, we apply these recent developments to Middle Pleistocene bone specimens of the rhinoceros genusStephanorhinus. No biomolecular sequence data is currently available for this genus, leaving phylogenetic hypotheses on its evolutionary relationships to extant and extinct rhinoceroses untested. Furthermore, recent phylogenies based on Rhinocerotidae (partial or complete) mitochondrial DNA sequences differ in the placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). Therefore, studies utilising ancient protein sequences from Middle Pleistocene contexts have the potential to provide further insights into the phylogenetic relationships between extant and extinct species, includingStephanorhinusandDicerorhinus.MethodsZooMS screening (zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry) was performed on several Late and Middle Pleistocene specimens from the genusStephanorhinus, subsequently followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to obtain ancient protein sequences from a Middle PleistoceneStephanorhinusspecimen. We performed parallel analysis on a Late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros specimen and extant species of rhinoceroses, resulting in the availability of protein sequence data for five extant species and two extinct genera. Phylogenetic analysis additionally included all extant Perissodactyla genera (Equus,Tapirus), and was conducted using Bayesian (MrBayes) and maximum-likelihood (RAxML) methods.ResultsVarious ancient proteins were identified in both the Middle and Late Pleistocene rhinoceros samples. Protein degradation and proteome complexity are consistent with an endogenous origin of the identified proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of informative proteins resolved the Perissodactyla phylogeny in agreement with previous studies in regards to the placement of the families Equidae, Tapiridae, and Rhinocerotidae.Stephanorhinusis shown to be most closely related to the generaCoelodontaandDicerorhinus. The protein sequence data further places the Sumatran rhino in a clade together with the genusRhinoceros, opposed to forming a clade with the black and white rhinoceros species.DiscussionThe first biomolecular dataset available forStephanorhinusplaces this genus together with the extinct genusCoelodontaand the extant genusDicerorhinus. This is in agreement with morphological studies, although we are unable to resolve the order of divergence between these genera based on the protein sequences available. Our data supports the placement of the genusDicerorhinusin a clade together with extantRhinocerosspecies. Finally, the availability of protein sequence data for both extinct European rhinoceros genera allows future investigations into their geographic distribution and extinction chronologies.

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9

Lam, Su Shiung, Nyuk Ling Ma, Wanxi Peng, and Christian Sonne. "Sumatran rhinoceros on the brink of extinction." Science 368, no. 6494 (May 28, 2020): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc2202.

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10

Andersen, Svend. "SUMATRAN RHINOCEROS (Didermocerus sumatrœsis) AT COPENHAGEN ZOO." International Zoo Yearbook 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03395.x.

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11

Maluf, N. S. R. "Kidney of the sumatran rhinoceros,Dicerorhinus sumatrensis." Journal of Morphology 218, no. 3 (December 1993): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052180308.

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12

Anggara, Harry, and Agus Setiawan. "The Dynamic of Habitat Carrying Capacity Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis) in Development Area Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary Way Kambas National Park." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1762-70.

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The Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary is the only place where semi-Sumatran rhinos in Indonesia have been conservation, located in Way Kambas National Park which has never been revealed through systematic research on its capacity to support its function as a conservation site for rare species such as the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). This study was conducted in August 2015 which aims to determine changes in the type and potential of natural feed, palatability of feed, potential water availability, and the cover of Sumatran rhinoceros habitat. This study uses a sample plot method. Data on carrying capacity of the collected habitat are data on the potential of feed plants, the level of rhino preference for feed types, water availability and habitat cover. The results showed that the number of feed species in the understorey phase increased, in the liana phase, seedlings, stakes and poles decreased, whereas in the tree phase there was no change because the number of species found was the same. Palatability of food has changed, in 2001 the rhinoceros favoured was a species of Psychotria sclerophylla while in 2015 it was a species of Planchonia valida. Changes occur in the potential for water availability, in 2001 14 water sources were found while in 2015 8 were water sources. In environmental factors, there is an increase in the intensity of light in the puddle, under the canopy, and the river, but in the swamp, there is a decrease in the intensity of sunlight, the average air temperature increases, and the average air humidity decreases. Keywords: development areas, habitat carrying capacity, sumatran rhino, Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary.

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13

MUKHLISI, MUKHLISI, TRI SAYEKTI NINGSIH, ULFAH KARMILA SARI, YUYUN KURNIAWAN, RIDWAN SETIAWAN, and AHMAD MUSLIM. "Habitat utilization of the Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) in Kutai Barat forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 5 (September 21, 2018): 1842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190536.

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Mukhlisi, Ningsih TS, Sari UK, Kurniawan Y, Setiawan R, Muslim A. 2018. Habitat utilization of the Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) in Kutai Barat forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1842-1850. Sumatran rhino population in Kutai Barat forest faces a high threat of extinction. Conservation efforts can be developed more effectively and efficiently by understanding the condition of their natural habitat. This study aimed to analyze various factors influencing habitat utilization of the Sumatran rhino in Kalimantan, specifically in Kutai Barat forest. We used past survey data of rhino presence carried out by WWF from 2014 to 2016. GPS coordinates were recorded for all signs of rhinos, such as camera trap images, footprints, bites mark on food plant, dung piles, urine, scratch, twisting, and lying signs. Rhino occurrence GPS coordinates were plotted on a map of the Sumatran rhino's habitat distribution in Kutai Barat using a grid of 2 x 2 km2 size. Spatial analyses were run using ArcGIS 10.6. We used a habitat selection index formula to analyze habitat preference and biner logistic regression to develop Resources Selection Function (RSF). We found that the preferred habitat of the Sumatran rhino was in the secondary forest with medium and high vegetation densities. The most influential habitat variables on the presence of Sumatran rhinoceros in the Kutai Barat forest were the slope and distance from wallow. The Sumatran rhinoceros were more likely to be found in the sloping areas and the areas closer to the wallows.

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HADIPRAKARSA, YOK-YOK, and MARGARET F. KINNAIRD. "Foraging characteristics of an assemblage of four Sumatran hornbill species." Bird Conservation International 14, S1 (December 2004): S53—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270905000225.

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This study examines the diets of four hornbill species (Bushy-crested Hornbill Anorrhinus galeritus, Wreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus, Rhinoceros Hornbill Buceros rhinoceros and Helmeted Hornbill Buceros vigil) common within our 9 km2 study area in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Line transects and opportunistic sampling were used over one year to collect feeding data, including the tree species and strata in which birds fed, diet items, fruit characteristics and tree crop size. Hornbills fed on 64 species. Figs, non-fig fruits and animals comprised 23.4% (n = 15 species) 51.6% (n = 33 species) and 25% (n = 16 species) of the diet, respectively. Although there was overlap among the diets of the four species, only B. rhinoceros and B. vigil had a statistically significant overlap, primarily due to high fig consumption by both species. B. vigil fed almost exclusively on figs (98.6% of the diet) and a small proportion of animals (1.4%) while 23.1% of the B. rhinoceros diet comprised non-fig fruits and animals (23.1%), with 76.9% figs. A. galeritus and A. undulatus had distinct diets with drupaceous, oily fruits comprising 66.7% and 64.4% of the diets, respectively. We found no significant relationship between the numbers of hornbills visiting fruiting trees and the characteristics of the fruit (weight, length and width). However, maximum crop sizes of diet species significantly influenced the number of feeding hornbills. Hornbill species also differed in the strata in which they fed. A. galeritus and B. rhinoceros were seen in the middle of the canopy 56% and 50.8% of the time, respectively while A. undulatus and B. vigil were observed more frequently in the upper canopy (50% and 74.3% of the time, respectively). The lower part of the canopy was used infrequently by all species. This study suggests that the four hornbill species in our study partition food resources by food type and/or feeding location.

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Salleh, Annas, Zainal Z. Zainuddin, Reza M. M. Tarmizi, Chee K. Yap, Chian-Ren Jeng, and Mohd Zamri-Saad. "Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor in a Sumatran Rhinoceros." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041173.

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An adult female Sumatran rhinoceros was observed with a swelling in the left infraorbital region in March 2017. The swelling rapidly grew into a mass. A radiograph revealed a cystic radiolucent area in the left maxilla. In June 2017, the rhinoceros was euthanized. At necropsy, the infraorbital mass measured 21 cm × 30 cm. Samples of the infraorbital mass, left parotid gland, and left masseter muscle were collected for histopathology (Hematoxylin & Eosin, Von Kossa, Masson’s trichrome, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, EMA, p53, and S-100). Numerous neoplastic epithelial cells showing pleomorphism and infiltration were observed. Islands of dentinoid material containing ghost cells and keratin pearls were observed with the aid of the two special histochemistry stains. Mitotic figures were rarely observed. All the neoplastic odontogenic cells and keratin pearls showed an intense positive stain for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, while some keratin pearls showed mild positive stains for S-100. All samples were negative for p53 and S-100 immunodetection. The mass was diagnosed as a dentinogenic ghost cell tumor.

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Cave, A. J. E., and K. G. Wingstrand. "Palpebral vibrissae in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Didermocerus sumatrensis." Journal of Zoology 167, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb03117.x.

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Cave, A. J. E. "On the cardiac anatomy of the Sumatran rhinoceros." Journal of Zoology 193, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 541–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1981.tb01503.x.

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18

von Muggenthaler, Elizabeth, Paul Reinhart, and Brad Lympany. "Songlike vocalizations and infrasound from the Sumatran rhinoceros." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 110, no. 5 (November 2001): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777095.

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Zainal Zahari, Z., Y. Rosnina, H. Wahid, K. C. Yap, and M. R. Jainudeen. "Reproductive behaviour of captive Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Animal Reproduction Science 85, no. 3-4 (February 2005): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.041.

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von Muggenthaler, Elizabeth, Paul Reinhart, Brad Lympany, and R. Barton Craft. "Songlike vocalizations from the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Acoustics Research Letters Online 4, no. 3 (July 2003): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1588271.

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21

Roth, Terri L., Paul R. Reinhart, John S. Romo, Dedi Candra, Andriansyah Suhaery, and Monica A. Stoops. "Sexual maturation in the sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Zoo Biology 32, no. 5 (July 29, 2013): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21089.

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22

Anggraini, Kiki, Margaret Kinnaird, and Timothy O'Brien. "The effects of fruit availability and habitat disturbance on an assemblage of Sumatran hornbills." Bird Conservation International 10, no. 3 (September 2000): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000174.

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We examined the influence of fruit availability and habitat disturbance, including past and recent forest fires, on an assemblage of hornbills over a four-month period in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra. The assemblage is dominated by Wreathed Hornbills Aceros undulatus (7.5 birds/km2), followed by Bushy-crested Hornbills Anorrhinus galeritus (3.05 birds/km2), Rhinoceros Hornbills Buceros rhinoceros (2.6 birds/km2), and Helmeted Hornbills Buceros vigil (1.9 birds/km2). Overall densities for each species were consistent with estimates from other South-East Asian sites but densities varied temporally and spatially, even for territorial species. We speculate that Rhinoceros and Helmeted Hornbills may exhibit facultative territoriality or they may not be territorial at this site. We found a positive relationship between temporal variability in hornbill numbers and the availability of ripe fruits. All hornbills, especially Rhinoceros and Bushy-crested Hornbills, tended to avoid highly disturbed areas; these areas had a lower than expected number of fruiting trees in five important hornbill diet families. Densities of Bushy-Crested, Rhinoceros, and Helmeted Hornbills declined from 28 to 63% in the post-burn surveys. Wreathed Hornbills, however, increased slightly in the post-burn surveys, possibly because they were nesting there at the time. Movement of hornbills between disturbed and primary forest habitat may enhance regeneration of disturbed areas if hornbills are transporting viable seeds.

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Schaffer, Nan E., Muhammad Agil, and Zainal Z. Zainuddin. "Ramifications of reproductive diseases on the recovery of the Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 15279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5390.12.3.15279-15288.

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The Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis is on the edge of extinction. The decline of this species was initially attributed to poaching and habitat loss, but evidence presented here indicates that reproductive failure has also been a significant cause of loss, and continues to affect wild populations. Indonesia’s remaining populations of Sumatran Rhino are small and scattered, with limited access to breeding opportunities with unrelated mates. This leaves them subject to inbreeding and isolation-induced infertility, linked to fertility problems analyzed here. Sumatran Rhino females in captivity showed high rates (>70%) of reproductive pathology and/or problems with conception, which has significantly hindered the breeding program. Technological advances enabling examination immediately after capture revealed similarly high rates and types of reproductive problems in individuals from wild populations. The last seven Sumatran Rhino females captured were from areas with small declining populations, and six had reproductive problems. Going forward, capturing similarly compromised animals will take up valuable space and resources needed for fertile animals. The high risk of infertility and difficulty of treating underlying conditions, coupled with the decreasing number of remaining animals, means that the success of efforts to build a viable captive population will depend upon utilizing fertile animals and applying assisted reproductive techniques. Decades of exhaustive in situ surveys have not provided information relevant to population management or to ascertaining the fertility status of individual animals. Thus the first priority should be the capture of individuals as new founders from areas with the highest likelihood of containing fertile rhinos, indicated by recent camera trap photos of mothers with offspring. In Sumatra these areas include Way Kambas and parts of the Leuser ecosystem.

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Awaliah, A. T. S., B. S. Dewi, G. D. Winarno, S. P. Harianto, S. Koike, and N. Tokita. "Daily behavior Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinos sumatrensis) in Sumatran Rhino sanctuary Way Kambas National Park." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 399 (December 31, 2019): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/399/1/012102.

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Ma, Yusong, Yuting Li, Yunqing Li, and Wuyu Zhang. "Study on sumatran rhinoceros based on ecological game model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (July 25, 2019): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/295/2/012032.

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von Muggenthaler, Elizabeth, and Paul Reinhart. "Songlike vocalizations from a Sumatran rhinoceros calf (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (April 2003): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4780553.

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Walzer, Chris, Frank Göritz, Robert Hermes, Sen Nathan, Petra Kretzschmar, and Thomas Hildebrandt. "Immobilization and Intravenous Anesthesia in a Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41, no. 1 (January 2010): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2009-0150.1.

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Morales, Juan Carlos, Patrick Mahedi Andau, Jatna Supriatna, Zainal-Zahari Zainuddin, and Don J. Melnick. "Mitochondrial DNA Variability and Conservation Genetics of the Sumatran Rhinoceros." Conservation Biology 11, no. 2 (April 20, 1997): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96171.x.

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Choudhury, Anwaruddin. "The status of the Sumatran rhinoceros in north-eastern India." Oryx 31, no. 02 (April 1997): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022043.

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30

Garrod, A. H. "X. On the Brain of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Ceratorhinus sumatrensis)." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 10, no. 9 (July 7, 2010): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1878.tb00467.x.

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31

Amato, George, Dan Wharton, Zainal Z. Zainuddin, and Jeffery R. Powell. "Assessment of conservation units for the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Zoo Biology 14, no. 5 (1995): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140502.

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Forbes, W. A. "On the Male Generative Organs of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Ceratorhinus sumatrensis)." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 11, no. 4 (July 7, 2010): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1881.tb00352.x.

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Salleh, Annas, Zainal Zahari Zainuddin, Mohamed Reza Mohamed Tarmizi, Keng Chee Yap, and Mohd Zamri-Saad. "Two variants of uterine leiomyoma in Malaysia’s last Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Veterinary Quarterly 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2020.1836431.

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Scott, C., T. Foose, J. C. Morales, P. Fernando, D. J. Melnick, P. T. Boag, J. A. Davila, and P. J. Van Coeverden De Groot. "Optimization of novel polymorphic microsatellites in the endangered Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Molecular Ecology Notes 4, no. 2 (June 2004): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00611.x.

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Roth, T. L., M. A. Stoops, T. R. Robeck, and J. K. O'Brien. "116 FACTORS IMPACTING THE SUCCESS OF POSTMORTEM SPERM RECOVERY AND CRYOPRESERVATION IN THE RHINOCEROS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab116.

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Given the increasing anthropogenic pressures on wildlife around the globe coupled with the challenges of climate change, cryopreservation of genetic resources from extant species should be prioritized while the opportunity still exists. Arguably, the rhinoceros stands out as a primary candidate for concerted gene banking efforts given its historical brush with extinction and today’s escalating poaching crisis. The goal of this study was to identify factors that influenced the ability to successfully recover and cryopreserve sperm postmortem from rhinos maintained in North American zoos. Factors considered included procedural technicalities, individual rhino characteristics, and timing. A total of 23 mature male rhinos ranging in age from 8 to 43 years, representing 4 species and maintained at 13 different zoos, were opportunistically included in this study over a 16-year period (1998–2014). The majority of the males were African black rhinoceros (n = 14), followed by Indian rhinoceros (n = 5), African white rhinoceros (n = 3), and a single Sumatran rhinoceros. All zoos received a protocol requesting that reproductive tissues (testes, epididymides, and vas deferens) be removed from the rhino as soon as possible after death, kept moist, cooled slowly, and shipped cool (5°C) overnight to the lab for processing. Samples of adequate quality (≥30% motility with ≥2.0 forward progressive status) were cryopreserved according to a previously published protocol (O’Brien and Roth 2000 J. Reprod. Fertil. 118, 263–271). Gross testicular pathology was noted in 17.4% of males (4/23) but did not impact sperm recovery except in one case of azoospermia (4.3%). Sixty-two percent of the males (13/21) in which sperm recovery was attempted yielded quality samples adequate for cryopreservation (black rhino, n = 7; white rhino, n = 3; Indian rhino, n = 2; Sumatran rhino, n = 1). A high percentage of males (70.6%; 12/17) from which reproductive tissue was removed and cooled ≤4 h after death yielded quality sperm samples, whereas only 25% (1/4) of males from which tissue was removed >4 h after death yielded quality samples. Quality samples were recovered up to 51 h postmortem from rhinos ranging in age from 8 to 35 years. Neither type of illness (prolonged or acute) or method of death (euthanasia or natural) affected the ability to harvest quality samples (P > 0.05). The Indian rhino yielded significantly more sperm on average (40 × 109) than the African black rhino (3.6 × 109; P < 0.01) and the African white rhino (3.2 × 109; P < 0.05). Mean pre- and post-thaw percent sperm motility for black (n = 6; 53 and 38%), white (n = 2; 80 and 63%), Indian (n = 2; 50 and 45%), and Sumatran (n = 1; 50 and 38%) rhino samples assessed indicated a reduction of just 5 to 17% post-thaw. In conclusion, rhino sperm recovery postmortem is relatively successful across a wide range of variables, especially when tissues are removed and cooled promptly after death, and should become standard practice in zoos.

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JENUIT, MELLINDA, ZAINAL ZAHARI ZAINUDDIN, JUNAIDI PAYNE, ABDUL HAMID AHMAD, AFZAN MAT YUSOF, MUHAMMAD LOKMAN MD ISA, and MOUSTAFA IBRAHIM. "ESTABLISHMENT AND CRYOPRESERVATION OF FIBROBLAST CELL LINE FROM A SUMATRAN RHINOCEROS (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 16, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2021.06.008.

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Stoops, Monica A., Helen L. Bateman, Mark K. Campbell, and Terri L. Roth. "Attempted in Vitro Maturation and Fertilization of Postmortem Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) Oocytes." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 42, no. 4 (December 2011): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2010-0186.1.

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Havmøller, Rasmus Gren, Junaidi Payne, Widodo Ramono, Susie Ellis, K. Yoganand, Barney Long, Eric Dinerstein, et al. "Will current conservation responses save the Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis? —CORRIGENDUM." Oryx 50, no. 2 (November 27, 2015): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315001210.

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Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine Japning, Zainal Zahari Zainuddin, Wahap Marni, Abdul Hamid Ahmad, Laurentius N. Ambu, and Junaidi Payne. "Blood meal analysis of tabanid fly after it biting the rare Sumatran rhinoceros." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 3, no. 2 (February 2013): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60031-3.

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Steiner, Cynthia C., Marlys L. Houck, and Oliver A. Ryder. "Genetic variation of complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Conservation Genetics 19, no. 2 (September 12, 2017): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-1011-1.

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Maulana, Riyan, Indriyanto -, and Afif Bintoro. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI PAKAN BADAK FASE SEMAI DI ZONA KHUSUS KONSERVASI TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 9, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v9i1.10488.

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The Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is the smallest of the five species of rhinoceros that still alive. Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) is captivity semi-insitu of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. The Sumatran rhinos are herbivorous with a preference of young tree (seedling), leaves, fruits, and shoots.The importance of knowledge about study of feed sumatran rhinos for conservationof rhino in TNWK. The purpose of the study is to identifies rhino feed on seedling growth level in the conservation zones TNWK. The research used line transect method. The first line and plot determined randomly then the next line and plots was sistematically. The observation plots had measurement with amount 2m x 2m of seedling growth level in big plot with amount 20m x 20m with spacing between plot in line 500 m with total 98 plots. The results of this study concluded that there were 28 types of seedling rhino feed which was found to be the most abundant and evenly distributed based on the important value index, are Ixora sp. is 16.73 and then Antidesma neurocarpum Miq is 14.4 and Dillenia excelsa is 10.89. Biodiversity index is 3.57 and evennes index is 0.84.

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Gruwier, Ben Jack. "THE LARGE VERTEBRATE REMAINS FROM BINJAI TAMIENG (SUMATRA, INDONESIA)." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 41 (June 21, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v41i0.15027.

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<p><em>Excavations in 1928 at the Binjai Tamieng shell midden in Northeast Sumatra brought to light a small assemblage of animal- and human remains that has never been studied in detail. The analysis of these Early Holocene finds suggests that besides mollusks and fish, a number of larger vertebrates played a role in the palaeoeconomy of the site. The composition of Binjai Tamieng has a somewhat similar signature to sites from Southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Testudine and artiodactyl remains are predominant in the vertebrate assemblage, while other species such as crocodile and a small cetacean were probably opportunistically hunted or scavenged. Animal bone was probably also used for the manufacturing of tools. Javan- and possibly Sumatran rhinoceros are present on the site. A number of human remains show traces of disarticulation and may be indicative of complex funerary rituals or cannibalism.</em></p>

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Ahmad Zafir, Abdul Wahab, Junaidi Payne, Azlan Mohamed, Ching Fong Lau, Dionysius Shankar Kumar Sharma, Raymond Alfred, Amirtharaj Christy Williams, Senthival Nathan, Widodo S. Ramono, and Gopalasamy Reuben Clements. "Now or never: what will it take to save the Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from extinction?" Oryx 45, no. 2 (April 2011): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000864.

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AbstractIn 1994 Alan Rabinowitz decried what he regarded as lackadaisical attempts by governments, NGOs and international funding agencies to conserve the Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. Sixteen years on it is timely to evaluate whether his warnings were heeded. We review the current conservation status of D. sumatrensis throughout its range and the latest threats and challenges complicating efforts to conserve this species. Recent data from governments, NGOs and researchers indicate that the global population could be as low as 216, a decline from c. 320 estimated in 1995. Based on lessons learnt and expert opinions we call on decision makers to focus on two core strategies for conservation of D. sumatrensis: (1) the translocation of wild individuals from existing small, isolated or threatened forest patches into semi-in situ captive breeding programmes, and (2) a concomitant enhancement of protection and monitoring capacities in priority areas that have established these breeding facilities or have recorded relatively high population estimates and track encounter rates. At least USD 1.2 million is required to implement these strategies annually in four priority areas: Bukit Barisan Selatan and Way Kambas National Parks on Sumatra, and Danum Valley Conservation Area and Tabin Wildlife Reserve on Sabah. Given that conservation funds are rarely secure and D. sumatrensis is still in decline we call on potential donors to help secure and augment existing capacities of organizations in these four priority areas before committing resources to elucidate the status of the species in other areas such as Gunung Leuser and Taman Negara National Parks.

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Heistermann, M., M. Agil, A. Büthe, and J. K. Hodges. "Metabolism and excretion of oestradiol-17β and progesterone in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Animal Reproduction Science 53, no. 1-4 (October 1998): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(98)00111-0.

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Rookmaaker, Kees. "The birth of the first Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer, 1814) – London Docks 1872." Der Zoologische Garten 83, no. 1-3 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zoolgart.2014.07.001.

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Lander, Brian, and Katherine Brunson. "The Sumatran rhinoceros was extirpated from mainland East Asia by hunting and habitat loss." Current Biology 28, no. 6 (March 2018): R252—R253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.012.

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Roth, V. Louise, and Nico J. van Strien. "The Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer, 1814) in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia; its Distribution, Ecology and Conservation." Systematic Zoology 36, no. 1 (March 1987): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2413315.

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Zainal Zahari, Z., Y. Rosnina, H. Wahid, and M. R. Jainudeen. "Gross Anatomy and Ultrasonographic Images of the Reproductive System of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C 31, no. 6 (December 2002): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00416.x.

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Brandt, Jessica R., Peter J. van Coeverden de Groot, Kelsey E. Witt, Paige K. Engelbrektsson, Kristofer M. Helgen, Ripan S. Malhi, Oliver A. Ryder, and Alfred L. Roca. "Genetic Structure and Diversity Among Historic and Modern Populations of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." Journal of Heredity 109, no. 5 (May 7, 2018): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esy019.

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Rabinowitz, Alan, and Saw Tun Khaing. "Status of selected mammal species in North Myanmar." Oryx 32, no. 3 (July 1998): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-37.x.

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During 1996 and 1997, data on the status of selected mammal species were collected from a remote region of North Myanmar. Of the 21 species discussed in this paper, the black muntjac, stone marten and blue sheep are new records for the country. One species, the leaf muntjac, has never been described. At least three species that once inhabited the region – elephant, gaur and Sumatran rhinoceros – are no longer present, and the tiger has been nearly extirpated. Himalayan species that are declining elsewhere, such as takin, red goral and red panda, are still relatively abundant despite hunting pressures. Musk deer are in serious decline. The wolf, while not positively confirmed, may be an occasional inhabitant of North Myanmar.

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