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Journal articles on the topic 'Sumerian Text'
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1
Ebeling, Jarle. "The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature." Corpora 2, no. 1 (2007): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2007.2.1.111.
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With invaluable help from and in close co-operation with colleagues from around the world, the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature project at the University of Oxford has compiled, lemmatised and made publicly available a large body of Sumerian literature. Building a corpus of literary compositions originally written on clay tablets in the cuneiform script, and dating back nearly four thousand years, poses special challenges, not least with regard to mark-up and automatic processing of data. Some of these challenges are discussed in this paper together with issues relating to the fact that Sumerian is a language isolate and lacks resources we take for granted when working with other languages, modern or extinct, such as a standardised sign list and a comprehensive dictionary.
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Geller, M. J. "Notes on Lugale." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, no. 2 (1985): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00033310.
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The method of editing Sumerian literary texts has been the subject of heated debate in recent years. It used to be that Sumerian text editions followed the practice of classical philologists, giving the text with an apparatus criticus of manuscript variants, but this method has an inherent flaw: the editor must either choose to use as his main text an ‘eclectic text’ combining the best readings of all the manuscripts, or select one manuscript as the best version. Moreover, although the apparatus may reveal manuscript variants, it often does not inform the reader of how much of any one line is preserved in any one text. Since Sumerian literary texts may show a considerable number of variants between duplicates, the Partitur format has been proposed and utilized, in which every line of every manuscript is given in full, although the system has been opposed on grounds of waste of space.
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Zhang, Jiarui. "Quotation as a Basis for Intertextuality in Sumerian Cult Lyric and City Laments." DABIR 9, no. 1 (2022): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/29497833-00901010.
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This short communication investigates the concept of intertextuality in Sumerian literary texts, by studying the use of quotations in cult lyric and so-called City Laments. These text genres exhibit a series of intertextual borrowings, and the aim of this study is to discuss some examples of the use of quotations in these texts, as one of the most basic and important features of intertextuality in Sumerian literature.
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Alster, Bendt. "Demons in the conclusion of Lugalbanda in Hurrumkurra." Iraq 67, no. 2 (2005): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001352.
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The Sumerian epic of Lugalbanda in Hurrumkurra has not yet been edited in its entirety, but important contributions have been made in particular by CI. Wilcke and W. W. Hallo (Wilcke 1969, Hallo 1983, cf. Wilcke 1987). There now exist two complete translations: one by J. A. Black from 1998 (1998: 176–84), virtually identical with the translation accessible on the website of the University of Oxford's Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) from about 1999; and a more recent translation with an eclectic text reconstruction by H. Vanstiphout (2003: 97–131). It is there entitled Lugalbanda in the Wilderness. Although many points have been clarified, not least thanks to the Yale source published by W. W. Hallo, especially the end of the text remains largely unintelligible and, in Vanstiphout's words, “needs more study” (2003: 162 n. 60).
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Deubelbeiss, Irene. "New Light on the Sumerian Literary Letter Abaindasa to Sulge." Altorientalische Forschungen 47, no. 2 (2020): 143–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2020-0008.
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AbstractThe first part of this article offers a structural analysis of the literary letter of petition Abaindasa to Sulge, one of the most unstable OB literary compositions that has posed considerable problems to scholars in the past. Both the difficult reconstruction of the text and questions as to its connection to other Sumerian literary letters will be analyzed. A close examination of the sources and identification of intertextual relations will help our understanding of its textual reconstruction and its place among different subgroups of Sumerian literary letters. The second part of the article will be dedicated to the edition of a previously unpublished duplicate of this letter in the Musée d’art et d’histoire, Geneva, supplemented by a comparison to another tablet with a Sumerian literary letter in the same museum, which might have been written by the same scribe.
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Zólyomi, Gábor. "Native-speaker Intuitions about Genitive Constructions in Sumerian." Altorientalische Forschungen 46, no. 2 (2019): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0019.
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Abstract This paper examines a remarkable variation in the new manuscript of En-metena 1 (RIME 1.9.5.1) kept in the Sulaymaniyah Museum in Iraq: a left-dislocated genitive construction is replaced by a simple genitive construction. Also, the manuscript shortens the text in a number of places. The paper reviews other known examples of text abridgements in royal inscriptions of the 3rd millennium BC and suggests that the composers of these inscriptions used similar techniques to manipulate the texts according to their function and use as the scribes who wrote the Assyrian royal inscriptions of the 1st millennium. The new manuscript provides a rare opportunity to observe a scribe who adapts an already existing text using his linguistic competence.
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Attinger, Pascal. "GEN 250-253." Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires N.A.B.U. 23, no. 2 (2009): 30–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3556685.
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Dans mon compte rendu d'UET 6/3 (JCS 60 [2008] 164-177), j'ai discuté p. 168 GEN 250-253, sans connaissance de la dissertation d'A. Gadotti, "Gilgameš, Enkidu and the Netherworld" and the Sumerian Gilgameš Cycle (Ph. D., The Johns Hopkins University, 2005). Aux pp. 294 (eclectic text), 315 (translation), 398 (textual matrices) et 506-509 (commentary), Mme Gadotti propose la lecture et la traduction suivantes de ce passage difficile (sa translittération).
8
ESPAK, Peeter. "Genesis 11, 1–9 and its Sumerian Predecessors in Comparative Perspective: Early Views on “National Culture” and its Nature." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 27, no. 2 (2021): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2021-27-2-2.
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The paper discusses some key texts from Ancient Mesopotamian and also Hebrew mythologies which may have had several indications and contained many ancient understandings about the early views on the modern notions of a nation, national culture and the role of language on these beliefs. The possible connection of the Sumerian epic tale Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta is discussed in context with the Enuma Eliš myth in context with Hebrew Genesis’ the Tower of Babel story and the character of these text and the nature of their evolution is analysed. Based on some Sumerian royal correspondence, hymns, and epic literature and the worldview presented in Sumerian literature it is concluded that that certainly and especially a sort of a language based cultural and also ethnical understanding about a “distinct nation” culturally separate from “other” nations already existed more than 4000 years ago; reflected in many ways similarly also in the stories of Hebrew Genesis.
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Khudhur, Muath. "Unpublished cuneiform text on barley ((From the new Sumerian age)." Athar Alrafedain 3, no. 2 (1999): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/athar.1999.164577.
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Attinger, Pascal. "Nanna O (UM 29-15-570)." Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires N.A.B.U. 41, no. 2 (2001): 45–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559600.
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Publié par Â.W. Sjoberg dans JCS 29 (1977) 8-13 et 37 (photo), ce texte d'interprétation malaisée a été récemment réédité sur internet par l'équipe de l'Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) dirigée par J.A. Black (4.13.15, achevé le 20.10. 2000). Autant que je sache, il n'a toutefois pas été jusqu'alors relevé que VS 2 4 rev. ii 6-iii 16, une composition très proche écrite syllabiquement, permet de préciser la lecture d'un bon nombre de lignes. Dans le cadre de cette note, je me contente de passer en revue les principaux parallèles.
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Widell, Magnus. "The Sumerian expression igi-kar2 revisited." Iraq 70 (2008): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900000917.
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In 1968, the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary translated the Old Babylonian term aširtu, which in the OB period corresponded to the Sumerian expression igi-kar2, as “an offering of a pious gift to the gods”. In texts from the preceding Ur III period, however, the expression igi-kar2 has usually been associated with the expression gurum2 (written IGI.GAR) and translated “inspection”. In 1982, Piotr Steinkeller demonstrated, in a short article published in ASJ, that igi-kar2 and gurum2 refer to two separate words. He showed that the compound verb igi…kar2 denoted “to examine” in both the Ur III and Old Babylonian periods. For the compound noun igi-kar2 in the Ur III period, Steinkeller referred to the Umma text TJAMC IES 126, where the expression appears together with the institution an-za3-gar3, which — in accordance with its Akkadian equivalence dimtum — has been understood as “some type of fortified building”. This connection led Steinkeller to propose the meaning “provisions, supplies” for igi-kar2 in the Ur III period, seemingly more appropriate for a delivery to the military structure of an-za(3)-gar3.
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Attinger, Pascal. "Sulgi X." Altorientalische Forschungen 49, no. 2 (2022): 197–237. https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2022-0015.
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The reader will find in the following pages a new edition of Sulgi X, a text famous above all for its first part (ll. 1–73), describing the meeting of Innana and Sulgi. The goddess first speaks of her carnal union with the king and thereupon decrees a favourable fate for him. In the remainder of the hymn, Sulgi pays successive visits to Utu, Ninazu and Nanna. He then settles in the Egalmaḫ of Ninegala/Innana and ensures justice and prosperity.
13
Matuszak, Jana. "Es streite, wer kann! Ein neuer Rekonstruktions- und Interpretationversuch für das sumerische Schulstreitgespräch ‚Dialog 1‘." Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 109, no. 1 (2019): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/za-2019-0001.
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Abtract On the basis of the recent edition of Dialogue 1 by J. C. Johnson and M. J. Geller (2015), this article offers a revised text reconstruction as well as a differing interpretation of the text and its protagonists. The interpretation of Dialogue 1 as a verbal contest between two schoolboys of rather unequal rhetorical proficiency is based on a rhetorical analysis of the dialogue and a more systematic contextualisation within the corpus of Sumerian literary disputations and related compositions.
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Crisostomo, C. Jay. "Writing Sumerian, Creating Texts: Reflections on Text-building Practices in Old Babylonian Schools." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 15, no. 2 (2016): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341271.
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Sumerian lexical and literary compositions both emerged from the same social sphere, namely scribal education. The complexities of inter-compositional dependence in these two corpora have not been thoroughly explored, particularly as relevant to questions of text-building during the Old Babylonian period (c. 1800–1600 bce). Copying practices evident in lexical texts indicate that students and scholars adopted various methods of replication, including visual copying, copying from memory, and ad hoc innovation. They were not confined to reproducing a received text. Such practices extend to copying literary compositions. A study of compositions from Advanced Lexical Education in comparison with several literary compositions shows a complex inter-dialectic between the corpora, in which lexical compositions demonstrate dependence on literary compositions and vice versa. Thus, Old Babylonian students and scholars could experiment with multiple text-building practices, drawing on their knowledge of the lexical and the literary, regularly creating new versions of familiar compositions.
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Shibata, D. "A Nimrud manuscript of the fourth tablet of the series mīs pî, CTN IV 170(+) 188, and a Kiutu incantation to the sun god." Iraq 70 (2008): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900000942.
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SummaryA fragment of a two-column tablet containing a bilingual text from Nimrud, CTN IV 170, has turned out to belong to the same tablet as CTN IV 188, a manuscript of the fourth tablet of the series mīs pî “Mouth-Washing”. With the help of the new fragment, it becomes possible for the first time to reconstruct the second and third versions of a Sumerian Kiutu incantation to the sun god Utu-Šamaš.
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Gabbay, Uri. "A Fragment of a Sumerian Lament: BM 65463, Tablet XI of the balaĝ úru àm-ma-ir-ra-bi." Iraq 73 (2011): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900000139.
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The text of úru àm-ma-ir-ra-bi, the longest extant Sumerian balaĝ-lament, is in the process of recovery and reconstruction from Babylonian and Assyrian cuneiform tablets. This article presents a previously unpublished Babylonian tablet fragment that holds part of the composition's hitherto unknown eleventh tablet. The fragment also contains part of the catchline to the twelfth tablet, also unidentified until now, and is thus an important source for the reconstruction of úru àm-ma-ir-ra-bi.
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Ludwig, Marie-Christine. "Ein neues zweisprachiges altbabylonisches Vokabular aus Ur." Altorientalische Forschungen 48, no. 2 (2021): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2021-0017.
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Abstract This article presents the first edition of an Old-Babylonian acrographic vocabulary excavated in the city of Ur. Although fragmentary and poorly preserved, this text provides interesting new aspects for the understanding of the so-called „dialects“ of Sumerian and of bilingual language teaching in general, and identifies lurû(m) „(man with a) thin/croaky voice“ as a (person with a) speech defect described as „Emesal“. In addition, it contains entries of business terminology known from the north Babylonian „Sippar Phrasebook“, the Old Babylonian „Forerunner“ of canonical Ura 1 and 2.
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Gabbay, Uri, and Celine Debourse. "The Late Babylonian Series of 'Ancient Sumerian': Structure, Contents, and the Agency of Ritual Text." Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 114 (June 7, 2024): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1515/za-2024-0005.
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Böck, Barbara. "ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZU EINEM KULTFEST DER ALTMESOPOTAMISCHEN GÖTTIN INANNA." Numen 51, no. 1 (2004): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852704773558214.
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AbstractThe present study aims at interpreting a Sumerian hymn pertaining to the cult of the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love and war, Inanna/Ištar. Though this literary composition belongs to the realm of royal religion, and centres on the relationship between the goddess and the royal personage, the hymn also provides an insight into a cultic feast of rather popular character. The text describes a ritual; its inner logic follows the course of a cultic ceremony. Accordingly, the term "implicit ritual" as opposed to "explicit ritual", or liturgical order, can be applied. Until now the Sumerian hymn in question has been treated mainly from a text critical point of view. Certain aspects of the ritual performance, viz. the playful change of gender roles, are expressed through the epithets of the goddess. Recently, attention has been given to those epithets that allude to the power of the goddess to change her sex, and it has been proposed that they show a shamanistic side of the goddess. In what follows we shall put forward an alternative interpretation of the change of gender roles by using the concept of play and game as intrinsic to a religious system. The cultic feast of the goddess Inanna/Ištar will thus be traced back to a ritual of inversion which serves to reconstitute the moral and social order as well as to consolidate religious belief. Since our hymn is considered to be one of the main sources for the reconstruction of the so-called "sacred marriage" we shall also touch upon this ancient rite.
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Alster, Bendt. "Court ceremonial and marriage in the Sumerian epic ‘Gilgamesh and Huwawa’." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 55, no. 1 (1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00002603.
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Four versions of an episode in the Sumerian composition ‘Gilgamesh and Huwawa’ are discussed here. The encounter of Gilgamesh and Huwawa is interpreted in terms of Gilgamesh playing the role of a visitor received in audience at a foreign court. His gifts aim at inviting Huwawa to reciprocate, and thereby give up his protection. Gilgamesh especially exploits Huwawa's social isolation and lack of noble ancestry by offering him his two sisters, one in marriage and one as a concubine. he version in which the two sisters are the only offer makes most coherent sense. In another version the inner logic was distorted when the list was expanded to at least six offers.TIM IX 47 (IM 62827) was first published by J. van Dijk, in Šumer, 15,1959, PI. 2, and edited in the same volume, pp. 8–10.1 had a chance to collate the text in the spring of 1990 when I visited the Iraq Museum, Baghdad.1 Since this led to some improved readings, which may clarify a difficult episode in the Sumerian composition ‘Gilgamesh and Huwawa’, a complete edition of the tablet is presented here.2 With a few exceptions my readings are in agreement with van Dijk's copy.
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Sánchez Muñoz, Daniel. "A Sumerian Royal Inscription Describing the (Re)Building of a Chapel for Annunītum by King Enlil-Bāni of Isin." Archiv orientální 91, no. 1 (2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.1.1-17.
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This article presents a new Sumerian royal inscription in which King Enlil-bāni of Isin claims to have built a residence for the goddess Annunītum. It is argued here that this construction work could have simply involved the maintenance of a chapel for Annunītum within the temple of Inana at Isin. Whatever the case, the work might have been very significant to Enlil-bāni, since he could have carried it out when Isin had lost control of Nippur due to its conquest by the rival kingdom of Larsa. In this way, Enlilbāni’s maintenance of the chapel of Annunītum, a goddess associated with kingship, could have been intended to gain her favor and thus reaffirm his royal status after this great loss, even though he later reintegrated Nippur into the kingdom of Isin. The Sumerian inscription in question appears with a presentation of the two foundation nails currently preserving this text, a score edition, and a philological commentary, as well as a hand copy and photographs of the duplicate preserved in the Sephardic Museum (Toledo, Spain). Photos and further details of another object from this museum, a votive cone containing a duplicate of Gudea 37 (= RIME 3/1, 1.7.37), also appear in the present paper.
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Almamori, Haider Oraibi, and Alexa Bartelmus. "New Light on Dilbat." Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 111, no. 2 (2021): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/za-2021-2002.
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Abstract Recent excavations by the Department of Archaeology of the University of Babylon (Iraq) have brought to light the ruins of a temple at Tell al-Deylam, about 30 km south of Babylon. Thanks to a number of inscribed bricks it can securely be identified as “E-Ibbi-Anum”, the temple of Dilbat’s city god Uraš, which confirms earlier attempts to identify the site with that city. The Sumerian text of the inscriptions allows a secure dating of the building to the Kassite period, more precisely, the reign of a king named Kurigalzu (probably I).1
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Guerra, Dylan. "A Praise to Ninisina and her Divine Domains." Altorientalische Forschungen 51, no. 2 (2024): 138–48. https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2024-0017.
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Abstract This article provides a full edition of AO 7685 + VAT 3417, a tablet which contains a praise to Ninisina written in unorthographic Emesal. The text offers new material related to the healing goddess’ role in domestic healing practices and includes alternative names attributed to her that are seldom attested in Old Babylonian Sumerian literature. A brief discussion compares this manuscript with other texts from the Old Babylonian Emesal corpus that share the same ductus and tablet format. An examination of the text’s orthography and paleography connects it to a group of texts that share a number of unique unorthographic writings and the same characteristic ductus.
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KAIRZHANOV, Abay, Gulbagira AYUPOVA та Azhar SHALDARBEKOVA. "The Ancient Turkic Book of Reasoning and Revelations "Їrq bitig" of X Century". Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana 23, № 82 (2018): 100–109. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1495802.
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EN: The article analyzes the texts of legends in the ancient Turkic "The book of reasoning and revelations" ("Їrq bitig"). In order to reveal the implicit text layer of legends there are used methods and techniques of comparative approach, hermeneutics, component analysis, as well as some of the techniques of modern linguistics. Identified different ideological incorporation borrowed from other mythological systems to Turkic environment, which were entered by Silk Road: proto-Sumerian borrowing, ideas of Nestorian Christian, Manichean beliefs, ideas of various kinds of Buddhism, some images from the Mahabharata. ES: El artículo analiza los textos de las leyendas en el antiguo libro turco <em>El libro del razonamiento y la revelación </em>("Ïrqbitig"). Con el fin de revelar la capa de texto implícito de las leyendas se utilizan métodos y técnicas del enfoque comparativo, hermenéutico, análisis de componentes, así como algunas de las técnicas de la lingüística moderna. Se identificaron diferentes incorporaciones ideológicas tomadas de otros sistemas mitológicos al ambiente túrquico, que fueron incorporadas por la Ruta de la Seda: préstamos proto-sumerios, ideas del cristiano nestoriano, creencias maniqueas, ideas de varios tipos de budismo, algunas imágenes del Mahabharata.
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Huggins, Ronald V. "Genesis 1:1-2:3 as an Example of an Ancient Near Eastern Dramatic Sevenfold Literary Pattern (Not a Temple Inauguration Text)." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 76, no. 3 (2024): 207–23. https://doi.org/10.56315/pscf12-24huggins.
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In the literature of the ancient Near East, the number seven expresses the idea of fullness, completeness, consummation, and the carrying out of a matter to its fully sufficient or fitting length or extent. In connection with this idea, there arose an ancient Near Eastern sevenfold literary pattern that involved a building of dramatic tension over six units--often days--aided by repetitive language, a tension that is then resolved upon or immediately after the seventh unit. The use of this pattern is widely attested in Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Ugaritic texts. This article argues that it is also attested in a Hebrew text, namely the creation account of Genesis 1:1-2:3, this time framed in terms of six days of labor giving way to a seventh day of rest (cf. Exod. 20:8-11). This view is contrasted at certain points with the "temple-text" reading of Genesis 1:1-2:3, as represented especially in John H. Walton's "cosmic temple inauguration" view.
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Notizia, Palmiro, and Ammar M. al-Taee. "Sealed Bullae and Livestock Management at Irisaĝrig in the Early Old Babylonian Period." Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 113, no. 2 (2023): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/za-2023-0013.
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Abstract This article offers a detailed study of the organization of livestock management at Irisaĝrig in post-Ur III times. Three clusters of texts will be discussed, which focus on the activities of a small group of officials who oversaw the collection and disbursement of small cattle for religious and secular purposes. It is argued that the central urban organization on whose behalf these administrators operated was the local palace. The analysis of the archival records reveals a strong royal presence in the city and suggests that Irisaĝrig was an important center of the newly established kingdom of Malgûm Text abbreviations follow those of BDTNS = Database of Neo-Sumerian Texts (http://bdtns.filol.csic.es) and/or CDLI = Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (http://cdli.ucla.edu); other abbreviations after RlA. .
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Saeed, Elaf A., Ammar D. Jasim, and Munther A. Abdul Malik. "Cuneiform Text Dialect Identification Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Natural Language Processing (NLP)." Iraqi Journal of Information and Communication Technology 7, no. 2 (2024): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.7.2.265.
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Due to a lack of resources and the tokenization issue, it is challenging to identify the languages inscribed in cuneiform symbols. Sumerian and six dialects of the Akkadian language-Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian Peripheral, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian, Late Babylonian, and Neo-Assyrian-are among the seven languages and dialects written in cuneiform that need to be identified. This problem is addressed by the Cuneiform Language Identification task in VarDial 2019. This paper presents ten machine learning algorithms derived from four types of machine learning that were used (supervised, ensemble, instance-based, and Artificial Neural Network) learnings. The Support Vector Machine (SVM), Na Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms within supervised learning, the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (KNN) within instance- based learning, the Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gradient Boosting (GB) algorithms within ensemble learning. Also, one of the natural language processing algorithms, n-gram, is used to identify the cuneiform dialect. The best result belongs to an ensemble of Random Forest classifiers working on character-level features with a macro averaged F1 score of 96%, and the best outcome for the n-grams algorithm is 0.82% of di-gram.
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Meek, Russell L. "The Abishag Episode: Reexamining the Role of Virility in 1 Kings 1:1–4 in Light of the Kirta Epic and the Sumerian Tale “The Old Man and the Young Woman"." Bulletin for Biblical Research 24, no. 1 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26371221.
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Abstract Based on two pieces of parallel literature (the Sumerian folktale “The Old Man and the Young Woman” and the Kirta Epic), most modern interpreters have understood the Abishag Episode as a virility test that indicates David is unfit to rule. However, this article contends that this view is a misreading of the text based on a comparative method that fails to take into account important differences between 1 Kgs 1:1–4 and the parallel literature. Following Hallo’s contextual method, this article compares and contrasts these two texts with the Abishag Episode and demonstrates that the dissimilarities between the narratives make it unlikely that 1 Kgs 1:1–4 is truly about David’s sexual competence. The evidence presented here confirms that the Abishag Episode is concerned with David’s ability to rule, but the emphasis is on David’s inability to rule his kingdom effectively, which his servants attempt to address by reenergizing David with a beautiful young virgin.
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Watson Todd, Richard. "How Has Business Communication Changed in the Last 4,000 Years?" rEFLections 27, no. 2 (2020): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.61508/refl.v27i2.244269.
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Understanding how language is used in specific contexts and the reasons for this can be helped by examining historical change in genres. In this study focusing on business communication, texts serving the same purpose of demanding payment for a debt but separated by 4,000 years are analysed. The ancient text is a Sumerian cuneiform tablet which is compared to two modern model business letters. The texts are investigated through a genre analysis focusing on functions and linguistic features and a multidimensional register analysis. Both analyses produce similar results with the main exception being the sequencing of functions. The lack of much meaningful change in business communication in the last 4,000 years is likely to be due to the dominant influence of communicative purposes in guiding how language is used.
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Garcia-Ventura, Agnes. "A Tearful and Busy Mother." Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East 2, no. 1 (2023): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v2i1.2068.
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As a way to explore certain aspects related to the construction of motherhood, and by extension of an ideal of femininity in ancient Mesopotamia, in this article we examine a first millennium BCE baby incantation known to us thanks to two duplicates found in the city of Assur. More specifically, we concentrate on the two references to the mother in this text. In the first one the mother herself cries when she sees that she cannot stop her baby’s crying. In the second one the mother is presented as unable to attend to the work she has to do because of the baby’s crying. In our analysis we argue that both references underline important pillars in the construction of femininity. On the one hand we emphasise that the crying of the mother can be read, at least partially, as an empathetic reaction. On the other, we defend that the busy mother in the text embodies the ideal of the industrious woman – in contrast to the negative archetype of the lazy woman, a frequent trope in Sumerian and Akkadian literature.
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Apostel, Lilith, and Volkhard Krech. "Determining the Realm of the Dead through Metaphors: The Case of Gilgameš, Enkidu, and the Netherworld." Numen 71, no. 5-6 (2024): 455–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20240014.
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Abstract In this article we provide a contribution to answering the question of how religious communication is possible. Religious communication is confronted with the essential paradox that statements about a principally inaccessible transcendence have to be made by immanent, known means. Metaphors, which we understand as mapping of a known source domain onto an unknown target domain, are particularly suitable for this purpose. We apply these assumptions to the Sumerian story Gilgameš, Enkidu, and the Netherworld to examine how the text is to be understood as religious communication. We identify the familiar physical and social spheres as the source domains and the netherworld as the unknown target domain. We show how the conceptual metaphor The netherworld is a physical place is elaborated by means of different slots, namely where the realm of the dead is located, how to get to and how to return from there, in which shape one is able to return from the netherworld, as well as how things are ordered there.
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Kh. J. Al-Shamari, Mohannad, and Muzahim Al-Jalili. "TWO OLD BABYLONIAN MARRIAGE CONTRACTS FROM ISIN." Iraq 82 (August 25, 2020): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2020.5.
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Our study establishes that two tablets from the Iraq Museum are marriage contracts dating to the Old Babylonian period and in particular from the city of Isin. The dating formula of IM 201688 refers to a hitherto unpublished year name for Erra-imittī, who became king of Isin in 1868 BC. The event concerns the making of four large copper lions as a votive offering. This might have been done in preparation for a military campaign in connection with the rivalry between Isin and Larsa. The dating formula of IM 183636 is completely damaged. However, the text includes a witness described as a citizen of Isin. These two tablets are a very useful addition to the limited number of published OB marriage contracts and especially those from Isin. The tablets were written using formulaic legal expressions in Sumerian throughout with the exception of proper names. Both texts show a remarkably equal treatment of the two spouses in matters relating to compensation in the event of divorce.
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Areej, Fatma, and Ahuja Vipin. "History of dentistry – from Ancient to Modern Era." Global Journal of Research in Dental Sciences 2, no. 5 (2022): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7165035.
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The art of treating diseases concerning to the teeth and jaws has been a long and rich history and the progress of dentistry into an advanced science is truly remarkable one. This article scratches the surface of how dentistry evolved. Skeletal fossil records have revealed that dentistry is one of the oldest professions, dating back to 7000 B.C. The first known recorded description related to dentistry occurs in Sumerian text 5000 B.C. In the present article an attempt has been made to document the journey of this multifaceted profession from Hesy- Re, Huang Ti, Hippocrates-II, Aristotle, Mayans, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Guy de Chauliac, Buchlein, Jacques Guillemeau, Fauchard, John Baker, Duchateau, Horace wells, Willim Thomas Green Morton, Charles Edmund Kells, Harris, R.Ahmad and others who have contributed in dentistry. Twelve dental specialties recognized by the National Commission on Recognition of Dental Specialties and Certifying Boards have been enlisted. The aim of this paper is to pay regards to our predecessors who laid the foundations upon which modern dentistry has been built.
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Al-Rawi, F. N. H. "Tablets from the Sippar library IV. Lugale." Iraq 57 (1995): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900003089.
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To the memory of the library's excavator,my good friend Walid al-JadirAs reported in Iraq 49, four tablets of the bilingual version of Lugale, the myth of Ninurta, were excavated in the library of Šamaš's temple at Sippar: complete manuscripts of Tablets I, III and IX, and a fragment of Tablet XIII. All the tablets have brief colophons, three of which identify the owner of the tablet as Nabû-ēṭir-napšāti, a member of the Potter family (Paḫāru), who is known from other colophons as the son of one Marduk-šuma-uṣur. They all come from niche 3 A.The tablets are given here in copy, photograph and transliteration. The transliterations are based on a first draft made directly from the original tablets in 1986, the year that they were discovered. The copies are provisional, having been traced from the photographs, which, with the transliterations, must be regarded as the primary witnesses to the cuneiform. Collations were made from a different set of photographs, not published here, which became available after the copies were made. Such collations are marked in the text with an asterisk.Since the text of the Tablets given here was already fundamentally complete in the Old Babylonian version when the myth as a whole was last edited, there is no call for a fresh translation. Where the new sources add significantly to our knowledge is in filling out the often extensive lacunae of the bilingual version, especially in Tablets III and IX. The changes in the Sumerian text that seem to have been engendered by the exercise of furnishing it with an Akkadian translation are a matter which needs to be tackled with reference to the whole text, and a topic which cannot be addressed at length here. Nevertheless, some commentary on these and other points has been provided by A. R. George and follows the transliterated text as an appendix.
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GEORGE, A. R. "PIRJO LAPINKIVI: The Sumerian Sacred Marriage in the Light of Comparative Evidence. (State Archives of Assyria Studies, 15.) xix, 309 pp. Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2004." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 69, no. 2 (2006): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x06210140.
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Sovtic, Nemanja. ""Exoticism” in the opera Gilgamesh by Rudolf Brucci in Ralph Locke’s “All the music in the full context” paradigm." Muzikologija, no. 15 (2013): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1315105s.
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In this text, Rudolf Brucci?s opera Gilgamesh is viewed in the light of Ralph Locke?s ?All the Music in the Full Context? Paradigm which promotes the approach that one should search for the exotic elements in musical works first in the discursive components (title, program, accompanying notes), visual representations (costume, scenery) and a ?horizon of expectations? of a particular culture, and only then to observe exoticism as the aspect of a musical style. In the light of this Paradigm, ?exoticism? of the opera Gilgamesh is detected at the level of the music material and compositional procedures, but not in the dramaturgical profiling of characters, narrative adaptation of the Sumerian epic, costumes and scenery. The plot, costumes and the scenery of the opera do not construct the Orient with either positive or negative projections attributed to it by the Western European Orientalist discourse, but portray Gilgamesh and Enkidu as ancient mythic protagonists on the margin of the (not-always) exoticist once/now binarism. The musical language of the opera, which abounds in the usage of oriental musical scales and citations, indicates that oriental/exotic was one of the author?s ?target levels? when conceiving and composing Gilgamesh. Brucci, however, did not build the ?ethnological model? in his opera, but gave oriental scales and ?exotic? musical citations their meaning within the Western musical tradition, which is why his approach can be compared with the ?veiled exoticism? of the French composers of the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. In the light of the self/other binarism, reaching for the exotic in Gilgamesh can be presented as an auto-exotic creative behavior of Brucci as a composer who perceives his ?minority identity? in a relation to an imaginary referential system of the Center. However, I am more inclined to see Brucci?s identificational intention in his advocacy of the Yugoslav NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) project, and his dealing with the ?exotic? as part of his strategy to support cultural achievements of the Third World which predominantly participated in that project.
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Berezovskiy, Andriy, Tetiana Fotina, Yevheniia Vashchyk, et al. "Effectiveness of environmentally safe products «VetOks-1000», «Sumerian silver» for the prevention of pseudomonosis of poultry embryos associated with bacteriosis." ScienceRise: Biological Science, no. 3(36) (September 30, 2023): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-8025.2023.288228.
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The aim: study of the effectiveness of environmentally safe means «Vetoks-1000», «Sumerian silver» for the prevention of pseudomonosis of poultry embryos, associated with bacteriosis.
 Materials and methods. The effectiveness of the preparations «VetOks-1000», «Sumerian silver» in relation to E. coli, P. aeruginos, S. aureus, S. typhimurium was determined by the method of researching antimicrobial activity on test objects: galvanized iron, wooden bars (painted and unpainted), red brick and plaster cut-outs, 10 x 10 cm, and a hatching egg.
 The effectiveness of «VetOks-1000», «Sumerian silver» solutions compared to formaldehyde for disinfection of hatching eggs and incubation cabinets for the purpose of preventing pseudomonosis of poultry embryos was carried out in the production conditions of the hatchery, where P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. аureus, were periodically isolated from asphyxiated embryos and from the carcasses of chicks of the first 10 days of life by comparing the hatching rate of chicks in the experimental and control groups.
 Results. It was established that the «Sumerian silver» had an antimicrobial effect against the causative agents of pseudomonosis and the main bacterioses of poultry in concentrations of 1–3 %, and the drug «VetOx-1000»was effective in concentrations of 0.024 %–0.03 % after exposure for 1-4 hours in depending on the type of surface.
 The number of conditioned young birds, obtained with the use of environmentally safe means «VetOks-1000», «Sumerian silver», was higher by (1.1-1.7) % compared to the number of young birds in the control group using formalin.
 Conclusions. The proposed method of prevention of associated pseudomonosis of poultry embryos by rotation of environmentally safe means in established bactericidal concentrations (3 % «Sumerian silver» solution and 0.03 % «VetOks 1000» solution) ensures a 1.1–1.7 % higher hatching of young birds compared to control using formalin
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Wijaya, Tabita Febyola, I. Putu Yudi Pramana Putra, Gede Parta Kinandana, and Nila Wahyuni. "PENURUNAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF MEMPENGARUHI TERJADINYA PENINGKATAN RESIKO JATUH PADA LANSIA DI DESA SUMERTA: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL." Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia 11, no. 3 (2023): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mifi.2023.v11.i03.p09.
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Pendahuluan: Jatuh merupakan kejadian yang sering dialami oleh lansia. Salah satu penyebab peningkatan resiko jatuh pada lansia adalah adanya penurunan fungsi kognitif yang terjadi karena adanya proses degeneratif. Fungsi kognitif ini dibutuhkan oleh lansia untuk melakukan tugas, seperti: atensi, psikomotor, memori, visuospasial, bahasa, dan fungsi eksekutif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan arah hubungan antar kedua variabel pada lansia di Desa Sumerta, Denpasar Timur, Bali.
 Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan di wilayah Banjar Ketapian Kelod, Desa Sumerta pada bulan Desember 2021 secara offline dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan Covid-19. Simple random sampling merupakan Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 59 sampel. Variabel dependen yang diukur adalah resiko jatuh menggunakan Timed Up and Go Test (tes TUG). Variabel independent yang diukur adalah fungsi kognitif dengan alat ukur Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Uji bivariat spearman rank correlation digunakan dalam menganalisis hubungan fungsi kognitif terhadap resiko jatuh pada lansia di Desa Sumerta.
 Hasil: Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara nilai fungsi kognitif dan nilai resiko jatuh pada lansia di Desa Sumerta sebesar 0,000 (p< 0,01) dan nilai correlation coefficient negatif, yaitu -0,681 menunjukkan arah hubungan kedua variabel bersifat negatif atau tidak searah.
 Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi kognitif dengan risiko jatuh pada lansia di Desa Sumerta, dan arah korelasinya adalah negatif atau tidak searah.
 
 Kata Kunci: MoCA-Ina, Tes TUG, fungsi kognitif, resiko jatuh, lansia
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Leshchyshyn, M. V., I. V. Dvylyuk, and M. M. Rykniuk. "Efficiency of application of modern sanitation supplies in beekeeping." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 96 (2019): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9632.
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The article presents the results of studies of the effect of commercial disinfectants registered in Ukraine and allowed for use in beekeeping, as well as a comparative characteristic of their effectiveness in the disinfection of wooden beehive structures. The research was conducted on the basis of the departments of hygiene, sanitation and general veterinary prevention and technology of production and processing of products of small animals of the Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after S.Z. Gzhytskyi and SLW “Biolab” Food and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Ostroda, Poland). For research in the spring and summer period 4 groups of test objects were formed on the principle of analogues. Distilled water was used to control disinfection (test group 1). In the second experimental group for disinfection used “Brovadez-20” (active substance benzalkonium chloride 0.5%), in the third experimental group гру “Vetox-1000” (active substance hypochlorite 0.3%) and in the fourth experimental group – “Sumerian silver”(active ingredient of 10% citrate of Argentum citrate). In a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the disinfectants of the II, III and IV groups, the growth of gram-positive (Streptomyces badius, Curtobakterium) and gram-negative bacteria (Xanthomonas hyacinthi, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Acidovorax defluvii) was detected, respectively, among the endophores. In the current literature, information on the threat to the health of the honey bee detected by microorganisms is missing. According to the research, certain differences between the effectiveness of disinfectants have been established. It was found that the total microbial number (BMI) was 0.15% in group II, 0.16% in group III and up to 0.10% in group IV relative to control. It was found that the Sumer silver disinfectant at 10% concentration provides the best bactericidal effect (P < 0.001). In a comparative intergroup analysis of the effectiveness of disinfectants, it was found that in the conditions of the experiment, the level of bactericidal activity was the highest in the experiment with the SMC in the case of the use of “Sumer silver” was 32.3% and 34.4% better compared to “Brovades-20” and “Vetox-1000”, respectively. The use of “Sumerian silver” allows you to get the desired result 10 and 4 times faster than the disinfectants “Brovadez-20” and “Vetox-1000” respectively.
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Paramanandana, Putu Gde Adhi, Mia Ayustina Prasetya, and Desak Nyoman Ari Susanti. "Hubungan volume dan derajat keasaman (ph) saliva terhadap kejadian karies anak usia 7-9 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Sumerta Denpasar." Bali Dental Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/bdj.v4i1.245.
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Background: The most common dental and oral diseases in Indonesia is caries. 7-9 years old is the age with highest dental and mouth problems in Indonesia. There are four main factors interacting in caries formation such as: host, substrate/diet, bacteria/microorganism and time. Saliva is one of the host factors that cause caries. There are several factors that influence the composition and salivary concentration such as volume and degree of acidity (pH) of saliva.The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between volume and degree of acidity (pH) saliva with the occurrence of dental caries on children between 7-9 years old in Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Sumerta Denpasar, Bali.Methods: The study design used was cross-sectional analytic. The samples were children between 7-9 years old in Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Sumerta Denpasar, Bali. Sampling techniques using consecutive sampling technique of 65 children. Samples who have been allowed by their parents through informed consent, calculated the amount of their saliva volume and degree of acidity (pH), then examined the oral cavity to know the index of dental caries. The analytical test using chi-square methods.Result: The analytical test showed a value p = 0.041 for relation between volume saliva with the occurrence of dental caries and p = 0.028 for relation between salivary pH with the occurrence of dental caries.Conclusion: there is correlation between volume and degree of acidity (pH) of saliva with the occurrence of dental caries incidence on children between 7-9 years old in Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Sumerta Denpasar, Bali.
 Latar Belakang: Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling sering terjadi di Indonesia adalah karies. Usia 7-9 tahun merupakan usia dengan tingkat masalah gigi dan mulut tertinggi di Indonesia. Terdapat empat faktor utama yang saling berinteraksi dalam pembentukan karies yaitu host, substrat/diet, bakteri/mikroorganisme dan waktu. Saliva merupakan salah satu host yang menjadi faktor penyebab karies. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi komposisi dan konsentrasi saliva antara lain volume dan derajat keasaman (pH) saliva. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan volume dan derajat keasaman (pH) saliva terhadap kejadian karies anak usia 7-9 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Sumerta Denpasar, Bali.Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan cross-sectional analitik. Sampel penelitian adalah anak Sekolah Dasar usia 7-9 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Sumerta Denpasar, Bali. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 65 anak. Anak yang telah diizinkan oleh orang tuanya melalui inform consent, dihitung jumlah volume dan pH salivanya, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan rongga mulut untuk mengetahui indeks karies gigi anak. Hasil uji analisis menggunakan chi square.Hasil: Uji analisis didapatkan hasil berupa nilai p = 0,041 untuk hubungan volume saliva terhadap kejadian karies anak dan p= 0,028 untuk hubungan pH saliva terhadap kejadian karies anak.Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan antara volume dan derajat keaasaman (pH) saliva terhadap kejadian karies anak usia 7-9 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Sumerta Denpasar, Bali.
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Dewi, Agung Istri, Nila Wahyuni, Ni Luh Nopi Andayani, and I. Putu Adiartha Griadhi. "HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA LANSIA DI DESA SUMERTA KELOD." Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mifi.2020.v08.i01.p12.
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Gangguan tidur merupakan masalah yang sering dialami oIeh usia lanjut yang berdampak terhadap kualitas tidur. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tidur adaIah aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik yang rutin dilakukan dapat meningkatkan kualitas tidur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kualitas tidur pada usia lanjut di Desa Sumerta KeIod. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik cross sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 56 usia lanjut (23 laki-laki dan 23 perempuan) berusia 60-74 tahun. Variabel bebas yang diukur adalah aktivitas fisik dengan menggunakan kuesioner Baecke Index dan variabel terikat adaIah kualitas tidur dengan menggunakan kuesioner PSQI. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adaIah Chi-Square Test dengan hasiI niIai p=0,006 (p<0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara aktivitas fisik dengan kualitas tidur pada usia lanjut di Desa Sumerta Kelod. Diharapkan pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk mengontrol jenis kelamin pada sampel yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil penelitian.
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Toainga Viteri, Fausto Geovanny, and Ángel Aníbal Sailema Torres. "Los juegos lúdicos en la enseñanza del estilo libre en niños de 5 a 10 años del Club Acuatic’s Pelileo." Explorador Digital 9, no. 1 (2025): 134–50. https://doi.org/10.33262/exploradordigital.v9i1.3343.
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Introducción: el problema abordado en esta investigación se centra en las dificultades que enfrentan los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza de la natación, los cuales tienden a ser repetitivos y pueden generar desmotivación y ansiedad en los niños. Objetivos: Determinar las implicaciones de los juegos lúdicos en el aprendizaje de los fundamentos técnicos del estilo libre en niños de 5 a 10 años del Club Acuatic’s Pelileo. Los objetivos específicos fueron: (a) diagnosticar los tipos de juegos lúdicos que existen para la enseñanza de la natación, (b) analizar el desarrollo motriz de los niños a través de pruebas de sumersión, respiración, salto, flotación y locomoción, (c) evaluar los avances técnicos antes y después de la implementación de las actividades lúdicas. Metodología: este estudio analiza el impacto de los juegos lúdicos en el aprendizaje de las técnicas del estilo libre en natación en niños de 5 a 10 años. Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo cuasi experimental, se evaluaron los avances motrices de los niños en sumersión, respiración, salto, flotación y locomoción. Los resultados muestran mejoras significativas en las pruebas post test, lo que sugiere que los juegos lúdicos son una herramienta eficaz para mejorar el aprendizaje de la natación. Resultados: este estudio analiza el impacto de la implementación de actividades lúdicas en el aprendizaje de las técnicas del estilo libre de natación. Utilizando un diseño cuasi experimental con un enfoque cuantitativo, se evaluaron las mejoras motrices en 20 niños, midiendo habilidades como sumersión, respiración, salto, flotación y locomoción a través de pruebas pretest y post test. Los principales hallazgos del estudio revelan mejoras significativas en todas las áreas evaluadas. En la prueba de sumersión, el porcentaje de niños que alcanzó un nivel de "Muy Bien" aumentó del 8% en el pretest al 18% en el post test. También se registraron mejoras notables en la respiración y el salto, con incrementos del 7% y 5% respectivamente. Las áreas de flotación y locomoción, que son cruciales para el dominio del estilo libre, mostraron avances importantes, siendo la locomoción la más destacada, con un aumento del 3% al 19% en la categoría de "Muy Bien" después de la intervención lúdica. Conclusiones: el análisis de los resultados respalda la hipótesis de que los juegos lúdicos son una herramienta pedagógica eficaz para la enseñanza de la natación, especialmente en el desarrollo de habilidades motrices complejas. Además de mejorar el rendimiento técnico, este enfoque promueve un ambiente de aprendizaje más relajado y motivador, reduciendo el miedo y la ansiedad de los niños frente al agua. Este enfoque lúdico no solo transforma la experiencia de aprendizaje, sino que también podría ser adoptado como una práctica estándar en la enseñanza deportiva infantil para fomentar un desarrollo integral de los niños, tanto en lo técnico como en lo emocional. En conclusión, este estudio recomienda la integración de actividades lúdicas en los programas de enseñanza de la natación, particularmente en las primeras etapas del aprendizaje. Área de estudio general: Pedagogía. Área de estudio específica: Actividad Física y Deporte. Tipo de artículo: Original.
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Rositayani, N. P. E., D. B. K. N. S. Putra, and I. B. G. S. Abadi. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Children’s Learning in Science berbantuan Media Audio Visual terhadap Kompetensi Pengetahuan IPA." Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar 2, no. 3 (2018): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v2i3.16150.
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The purpose of this research was to know the significant difference of science knowledge competence between students who taught using learning model of children's learning in science assisted by audio visual media and students who taught using conventional learning in fourth grade students of SD Gugus Untung Surapati Denpasar Timur. The type of this research was quantitative research with quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. Population of this research were all student of fourth grade of elementary school of Gugus Untung Surapati Denpasar Timur as 205 students. Sampling using random sampling technique. The sample of this research was the fourth grader of SD Negeri 9 Sumerta which used as experimental group and fourth grade students of SD Negeri 6 Sumerta which become the control group. Data on the competence of science students knowledge of grade IV is collected by using the instrument of ordinary double choice objective test. Based on the result of data analysis, the average gain of experiment group score (X ̅_1) and control group (X ̅_2), that is 0,57 > 0,45 Through hypothesis test obtained thitung> ttable, that is 2,4 > 1,994 with dk = 70 and significance level 5% then Ho reject and Ha accept. Thus it can be concluded that the learning model of children's learning in science assist audio visual media influence on science knowledge competence of fourth grade students of SD.
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Saraswati, Desak Nyoman Puspa Indah, Putu Ayu Sita Saraswati, Ni Wayan Tianing, and I. Putu Gede Adiatmika. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TOWARDS GAIT SPEED IN ELDERLY IN THE EAST DENPASAR SUMERTA KELOD VILLAGE." Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mifi.2020.v08.i02.p10.
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Someone who has experienced an increase in age usually called the elderly. The health of the elderly population must be a concern because of the impact of aging, the elderly experience many changes in terms of structure and function of the body, mental and psychosocial. One that affects the health of the elderly is physical fitness. will decrease. One component of physical fitness related to motor skills is speed. In the elderly, there is a change in road pattern, where the speed decreases. Measuring the speed of walking in the elderly is one way to assess and monitor functional status and overall health in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of physical fitness with gait speed in the elderly in the Sumerta Kelod Village. The research method used was analytic observational with the cross-sectional design carried out in March - April 2019. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique with a sample of 40 people. The dependent variable measured is the gait speed with 4 Meters Gait Speed ??Test. The independent variable measured is physical fitness using the 2 Minutes Step Test. Obtained research results with a p-value of 0.0 (p < 0.05). So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between physical fitness towards gait speed in the elderly in the East Denpasar Sumerta Kelod Village.
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Widnyana, I. Gede. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Role Playing Berbasis Tri Hita Karana Terhadap Kompetensi Pengetahuan IPS Siswa Kelas IV SD Gugus Untung Surapati." Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar 2, no. 1 (2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v2i1.13894.
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This research aims to determine the significant differences in the competence of IPS group knowledge of students who are taught by role playing learning model based on Tri Hita Karana. This research type is quasi experiment research with nonequivalent control group design. Samples were taken by random sampling technique. The sample in this research is the fourth grade students of SDN 6 Sumerta amounting to 39 students as the group which is recommended with the role playing model based on Tri Hita Karana and the fourth grade students of SDN 11 Sumerta are 38 students as control group with conventional learning. The data collection is done by using the test method in the form of the usual double choice objective test with four answers. The data obtained were analyzed using t-test analysis. The result of data analysis is tvalue = 8,315> ttable = 2,000 for 5% significance and dk = 75. Based on test criteria, H0 is rejected. The average score of IPS knowledge competence in the group that was studied with the role playing model based on Tri Hita Karana was X = 84,31, while in the group recommended with conventional learning was X = 69,11. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that there is influence of role playing model based on Tri Hita Karana on the competence of IPS knowledge of fourth grade students of SD Untung Surapati Unit, Denpasara Timur Sub District, Lesson Year 2016/2017. concluded that the model of learning group investigastion affect learning outcomes Civics class VI students of SD N 2 Datah regency of Karangasem.
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Arista dewi, Putu Suwi, I. N. Jampel, and I. N. L. Jayanta. "THE EFFECT OF SCIENCE LEARNING MODEL, ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY ASSISTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA ON SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCE OF GRADE V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SRIKANDI CLUSTER EAST DENPASAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018." Journal of Psychology and Instructions 2, no. 2 (2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpai.v2i2.15983.
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This study aims to determine the effect of Science Learning Model, Environment, Technology, Society assisted Environmental media on Science Competence of grade V students. The type of this research was quasi experiment with non-equivalent group design. The population in this study was the entire class V in the Srikandi cluster East Denpasar amounted to 362 students. The sample of this research was class V of SDN 5 Sumerta were 28 students as experimental group and class V of SDN 10 Sumerta were 28 students as control group. Data collected with multiple choice test instruments, then was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis (t-test). Based on the data analysis, tcount = 2.500 and ttabel (5% significance level) = 2,000. This means that tcount = 2,500> ttabel = 2,000. There was a significant difference of science competence between groups of students who was taught by science learning model, Environment, Technology, Society assisted Environmental media and group of students which is learn through conventional learning. The average value of science competence of the experimental group ( ) is 79.00 while the mean score of control group students ( ) is 74.07. This means =79,00 > =74,07, so it can be concluded that the application of learning model of Science, Environment, Technology, Society assisted Environmental media influenced the competence of science. Based on the results of this study it is suggested that the results of this study can be used as a relevant study, especially as supporting the next research.
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Agustini, Ni Putu Dewi, Ni Luh Ratna Daywita Hendyani, and Selfyana Austin Tee. "TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN SEKAA TERUNA DHARMA PUTRA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN OBAT GENERIK DI BANJAR PANDE, KELURAHAN SUMERTA." WARTA FARMASI 12, no. 1 (2023): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46356/wfarmasi.v12i1.238.
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Obat Generik adalah obat dengan nama resmi International Non Propietary Names (INN) yang ditetapkan dalam Farmakope Indonesia atau buku standar lainnya untuk zat berkhasiat yang dikandungnya sedangkan Obat Generik Bermerek/Bernama Dagang adalah obat generik dengan nama dagang yang menggunakan nama milik produsen obat yang bersangkutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat pengetahuan Sekaa Teruna terhadap penggunaan obat generik di Banjar Pande, Kelurahan Sumerta Kaja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode survei deskriptif dimana data dianalisis dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul sebagaimana adanya tanpa bermaksud membuat kesimpulan yang berlaku untuk umum atau generalisasi sedangkan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Cross-sectional merupakan suatu penelitian dimana objek penelitian hanya diobservarsi sekali saja tanpa dilakukannya pre-test dan post-test. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa kuesioner yang sudah diuji validitas serta reliabilitasnya. Kuesioner ini kemudian disebarkan melalui via online melalui google form kepada 70 responden Sekaa Teruna Dharma Putra di Banjar Pande, Desa Sumerta Kaja. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian selanjutnya diolah dengan menghitung persentase nilai jawaban responden. Hasil analisis data kuesioner yang diperoleh dari 70 responden menujukkan Sekaa Teruna yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kategori baik sebanyak 21 orang (30%), tingkat pengetahuan kategori cukup sebanyak 25 orang (35,72%) serta tingkat pengetahuan kategori kurang sebanyak 24 orang (34,28%). Nilai rata-rata pengetahuan dari 70 responden adalah 63,2% yang termasuk dalam rentang (56%-75%), sehingga tingkat pengetahuan responden adalah cukup.
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Setyaningrum, Ni Kadek, M. Choirul Hadi, and Anysiah Elly Yulianti. "Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan Melalui Video Edukasi Terhadap Perubahan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Siswa Sekolah Dasar Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik." JURNAL SKALA HUSADA : THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH 18, no. 2 (2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33992/jsh:tjoh.v18i2.1846.
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ABSTRACTPopulation growth and changes in community consumption patterns lead to an increase in volume, type and characteristics of waste. If there is a change in the environment around humans, it’s can change the environmental conditions. The method of health promotion with the video screening method with the design of One Group Pretest Posttest to change behavior so it can get increased knowledge and attitudes. The results of research conducted at SD Negeri 8 Sumerta Denpasar for education about waste management using paired t-test obtained pretest scores of knowledge of grade IV and V students of 5.62 and 6.15. As for the results of the pretest attitudes of class IV and V students namely 5.59 and 6.70. For the posttest value of students' knowledge in grades IV and V, they are 7.59 and 7.88. While the posttest scores of students attitudes in grades IV and V are 6.21 and 8.48. Paired t-test results obtained sig (2-tailed) (0,000) alpha (0.05) then H0 is rejected and HI is accepted, it’s means there are differences students' knowledge and attitudes about waste management before and after getting health promotion video in SD Negeri 8 Sumerta Denpasar.ABSTRAKPertumbuhan penduduk dan perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat menyebabkan peningkatan volume, jenis dan karakteristik sampah. Jika terjadi perubahan lingkungan di sekitar manusia, maka dapat mengubah kondisi lingkungan. Metode promosi kesehatan dengan metode pemutaran video dengan desain One Group Pretest Posttest untuk mengubah perilaku sehingga bisa mendapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di SD Negeri 8 Sumerta Denpasar untuk pendidikan tentang pengelolaan sampah dengan menggunakan uji-t berpasangan diperoleh nilai pretest pengetahuan siswa kelas IV dan V sebesar 5,62 dan 6,15. Adapun hasil pretest sikap siswa kelas IV dan V yaitu 5,59 dan 6,70. Untuk nilai posttest pengetahuan siswa kelas IV dan V masing-masing sebesar 7,59 dan 7,88. Sedangkan nilai posttest sikap siswa kelas IV dan V adalah 6,21 dan 8,48. Hasil uji t berpasangan diperoleh sig (2-tailed) (0,000) alpha (0,05) maka H0 ditolak dan HI diterima, artinya ada perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa tentang pengelolaan sampah sebelum dan sesudah mendapatkan video promosi kesehatan di SD Negeri 8 Sumatera Denpasar.
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Lulek, Michalina, Agata Skwarek, Monika Paskudzka, and Olga Ciepiela. "History of urinalysis." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 58, no. 4 (2023): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.5971.
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Urine is a very important fluid that is made and excreted by the human body. The earliestmention of its use as an indicator of diseases comes from the paleolithic era. Urine wasdescribed in Sumerian and Babylonian clay tablets that date back 6000 years. In ancient times,Hippocrates was one of the pioneers of urinalysis and he claimed that urine was derived fromthe four body humors. Galen was the first to define urine as blood filtrate. Byzantine medicalwriter Theophilus undermined previous assumptions and created an algorithm for the evaluationof the clinical condition using urine. The invention of magnifying lenses led to the creation anduse of them in the first microscopes, which allowed the assessment of urine sediment. At theend of XIX century brought us the Atlas of the Urinary Sediment with particular emphasis on theirclinical morphology of urine. During this period, the development of dry chemistry also tookplace, which allowed for the simplification, acceleration, and greater availability of the test. Afterthe great successes of the nineteenth-century researchers, the development of urine testinggained a rapid pace in the twentieth century. In the 1950s testing strips became widely available.Progressive automation has led to the widespread use of analyzers that semi-quantitativelyassess the content of the test substance in the urine by reading the color intensity in the reactionfields. Currently, analyzers are available that, in addition to physicochemical properties, also havethe ability to evaluate structured elements in urine.
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Ioannis, Kenanidis1* Evangelos C. Papakitsos2. "GENERAL NOTES ON THE PREHISTORIC POPULATIONS AND CIVILIZATIONS OF THE INDIAN PENINSULA." ISRG Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (ISRGJHCS) 2, no. 3 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15363609.
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<em>The civilization of the Indian peninsula comprises multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-religious features, exhibiting an uninterrupted continuum since the prehistoric times and, thus, demonstrating a remarkable endurance that attracts the interest of scholars world-wide. Accordingly, the present paper briefly comments on the common theories of populating the Indian peninsula, notably considering maritime trading and referring to several sources that also include biblical text in historical context and potential consequences. The focus of these general notes mainly regards some features and origins of the prehistoric civilizations of the region, especially of the Indus valley and its relationships with other contemporary civilizations. Various pieces of evidence are commented from the study fields of linguistics, genetics and archaeology that aim at defining the overall cultural context of the Indus civilization during and after the 3rd millennium BCE.</em>