Journal articles: 'Sun drying'

1

A.A, Khiste, and Jaybhaye R.V. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DRYING CHARACTERISTICS IN PEARL MILLET STICKS." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 02 (February 29, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28887.

Full text

Abstract:

The moisture content obtained after dough sticks attaining the safe moisture content in open sun drying, tray drying, only microwave drying, sun cum microwave drying and convective cum microwave drying was found to be 8.42, 5.53, 6.23, 5.43 and 4.6% (db). The time required to achieve the above levels of moisture content were 14, 12 h, 24 min, (2.5h+17 min), 20+17 min for pearl millet sticks in respective dryers. The rate of drying was highest in only microwave drying but gives less quality product, followed by convective cum microwave drying, sun cum microwave drying, tray drying and open sun drying. Key Words: open sun drying, tray drying, convective drying, microwave drying, pearl millet sticks

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Alfeo, Vincenzo, Diego Planeta, Salvatore Velotto, Rosa Palmeri, and Aldo Todaro. "Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven." Horticulturae 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030040.

Full text

Abstract:

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Meyer, M. "Gloves Drying in the Sun." Academic Emergency Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/aemj.9.1.53.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hurley, John. "Scrubs Drying in the Sun." Creative Nursing 16, no. 3 (August 2010): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.16.3.136.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Dincer, lbrahim. "Sun Drying of Sultana Grapes." Drying Technology 14, no. 7-8 (January 1996): 1827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939608917176.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Massaquoi, Ibrahim, and Alfred Abu. "Construction and Testing of Solar Drying System as an Alternative to Sun Drying." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 12, 2025): 121–34. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2025.3(1).11.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The traditional practice of sun-drying food grains has been utilised since ancient times, taking advantage of the sun as a primary energy source. However, sun drying presents challenges due to the relatively modest intensity of sunlight at the Earth's surface and the risks posed by pests and environmental factors. Method: This study involved the construction of a solar dryer measuring 4 ft by 2 ft, designed as a hygienic, environmentally friendly alternative to open sun drying. A comparative drying experiment was conducted using a 7.0 kg mass of pepper, which was dried simultaneously in the solar dryer and through traditional sun drying methods. During the five days, temperature and weight loss were measured at various intervals in both drying environments. Results: The data revealed that, on average, the temperature inside the solar dryer exceeded the ambient temperature by 25°C, representing a 46.1% increase. This significant temperature differential demonstrates the effectiveness of the solar dryer in enhancing the drying process. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the solar dryer provides a safe and clean method for food drying and considerably improves drying efficiency compared to traditional sun drying. This approach represented a promising alternative to food preservation practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kamaldeen O. S and Okedokun O. W. "Performance evaluation of NSPRI parabolic solar dryer for drying of bell pepper." GSC Advanced Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscaet.2022.4.2.0055.

Full text

Abstract:

Parabolic solar dryer developed by Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute was used to dry bell pepper. The drying rate, color changes and drying kinetics using some empirical modelling equations were determined. Open sun drying method was used as a control. Drying rate (2.11 kg/day) of the parabolic solar dryer was significantly higher than that of the sun drying (1.92 kg/day). Bell peppers dried under parabolic dryer retained their color better than those peppers under sun drying. Page model is the most suitable model to describe the drying kinetics of the bell pepper under solar drying. The drying constant k (0.607) of the parabolic dryer is significantly higher than that of the sun drying (0.321) indicating higher mass transfer in the parabolic solar dryer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Surata, I. Wayan, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia, and I. Ketut Adi Atmika. "Table Type Sun Drying for Seaweed Preservation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.34.

Full text

Abstract:

Open sun drying is one of the oldest techniques employed for processing agricultural products. The local practice of drying the seaweed is by spreading it over a plastic sheet on the ground and exposing it to the sun. Unfortunately, such traditional practice of drying seaweed has led to increased risk of contamination of seaweed by dust and sand particles and other impurities, as well as seaweed often suffer from lower quality. This research was conducted to examine the effect of application of table type sun drying on quality of dried seaweed, through indicators of water content, level of impurities, and brightness. The dryer was designed by using aluminum as a drying surface, with holes for circulation. The surface of aluminum is blackened to increase temperature. The results of study showed that table type sun drying reduced water content rapidly, reduce level of impurities, and improve brightness of dried seaweed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Jian, Fuji, Mehul Patil, Digvir S. Jayas, and Jitendra Paliwal. "Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics of Fresh and Sun-Dried Buckwheat Hay." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 4 (2021): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14609.

Full text

Abstract:

Highlights Thin-layer drying of fresh and sun-dried buckwheat hay was studied at 30°C to 180°C and 12.5% to 60% relative humidities. Buckwheat hay drying occurred in the falling-rate period. Partial sun-drying of the hay could reduce drying time by 50%. The D eff values of fresh flowers, leaves, and stems ranged from 1.4×10 -10 to 60×10 -10 m 2 /s. Abstract. Thin-layer drying characteristics of fresh and sun-dried buckwheat hay were studied at 30°C to 180°C, 12.5 to 60% relative humidities, and 0.2 m/s constant air velocity. The hay was harvested on three different times with a 10 to 12 d interval between the harvesting times. Half of the harvested hay was sun-dried on the field for 4 d (referred to as sun-dried hay). The drying behavior of flowers, leaves, and stems of the fresh and sun-dried hay was characterized. Moisture content of the fresh buckwheat flower was 0.777 to 1.633 (decimal dry basis), and fresh stems had a maximum moisture content of 5.64. Moisture content of the fresh hay decreased with the increase of growth time. Sun-drying on field could decrease more than half of the moisture content of the harvested fresh hay. Flowers, leaves, and stems needed varying drying times to reach their equilibrium moisture contents. The order of the drying time from the fastest to the slowest was flowers, leaves, then stems. Sun-dried and later harvested hay needed less drying time. The logarithmic model was the best fit for all drying processes of the flowers, leaves, and stems at different harvesting times and drying conditions. The effective moisture diffusivity of both fresh and sun-dried hay ranged from 1.4×10-10 to 60× 10-10 m2/s depending on different experimental conditions. The activation energy of the hay was from 21.08 to 33.85 kJ/mol. A power equation was the best equation to describe the drying constant of hay with their drying temperature. Keywords: Activation energy, Combination drying, Hay drying, Thin-layer drying, Water diffusivity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Sung, Wen-Chieh, Hong-Ting (Victor) Lin, Wei-Chih Liao, and Mingchih Fang. "Effects of Halogen Lamp and Traditional Sun Drying on the Volatile Compounds, Color Parameters, and Gel Texture of Gongliao Gelidium Seaweed." Foods 12, no. 24 (December 17, 2023): 4508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12244508.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditionally, the processing of Gelidium seaweed into Gelidium jelly was very complicated, and involved repeated washing with water and sun drying for seven rounds. The seaweed, which is originally reddish-purple in color, turns yellow in color after the repeated washing and sun drying cycles. However, the sun drying process can only be used on sunny days. Therefore, this study evaluated an alternative method, halogen lamp drying, and compared the qualities of the product, Gelidium jelly, made using the halogen lamp drying and traditional sun drying methods. The properties investigated included the agar yield, gelling temperature, hardness, springiness, rheological parameters, sensory attributes, color, and volatile compounds. The results demonstrated that the halogen lamp drying method required 12 washing and drying cycles to achieve similar jelly properties to seven rounds of sun drying in the experimental conditions. Volatiles including heptanal, β-ionone, and (E)-2-decenal could be used as indicators to monitor the washing and drying processes. Halogen lamp drying could be an alternative processing method for seaweed drying, especially on rainy days.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Suherman and Faisal Yahya Habib. "Thin Layer Modeling of Corn Grains Using a Hybrid Solar Dryer with Lpg." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 12 (January 17, 2023): 1844–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7542630.

Full text

Abstract:

The hybrid sun drying method combines sun drying with additional heating, namely LPG. So that the drying process can take place more quickly and effectively. The three drying methods that will be compared are Open Sun drying, solar dryers, and solar hybrids. The open sun drying operation is carried out using only direct sunlight. The solar drying operation was carried out using a solar dryer without additional heating, while the drying operation with a hybrid solar dryer varied the drying temperature at 40, 50 and 60 °C. The results showed that the average moisture content of corn grains was 13.95% for 10.5 hours, 13.75% for 6 hours, 13.65% for 7 hours, 13.45% for 5 hours, and 13.65 % for 4.5 hours in Open Sun drying, drying without additional sunlight. heater, and solar drying hybrid with temperature variables of 40, 50 and 60oC. The average drying rates were 0.212 g/minute, 0.364 g/minute, 0.318 g/minute, 0.439 g/minute and 0.477 g/minute. The results of the thin layer modeling show that the Two Term model is the most accurate and suitable model for describing the drying characteristics of corn grains for all variables.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Massaquoi, Ibrahim, and Alfred Abu. "Construction and Testing of Solar Drying System as an Alternative to Sun Drying." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 12, 2025): 121–34. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2025.3(1).11.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The traditional practice of sun-drying food grains has been utilised since ancient times, taking advantage of the sun as a primary energy source. However, sun drying presents challenges due to the relatively modest intensity of sunlight at the Earth's surface and the risks posed by pests and environmental factors. Method: This study involved the construction of a solar dryer measuring 4 ft by 2 ft, designed as a hygienic, environmentally friendly alternative to open sun drying. A comparative drying experiment was conducted using a 7.0 kg mass of pepper, which was dried simultaneously in the solar dryer and through traditional sun drying methods. During the five days, temperature and weight loss were measured at various intervals in both drying environments. Results: The data revealed that, on average, the temperature inside the solar dryer exceeded the ambient temperature by 25°C, representing a 46.1% increase. This significant temperature differential demonstrates the effectiveness of the solar dryer in enhancing the drying process. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the solar dryer provides a safe and clean method for food drying and considerably improves drying efficiency compared to traditional sun drying. This approach represented a promising alternative to food preservation practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Wasswa, M.S., R. Fungo, A. Kaaya, R. Byarugaba, and J.H. Muyonga. "Influence of sun drying and a combination of boiling and sun drying on the retention of nutrients and bioactive compounds in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp) leaves." African Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 48–58. https://doi.org/10.33472/AFJBS.3.3.2021.48-58.

Full text

Abstract:

The nutrients and bioactive compounds retention of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp) leaves subjected to the two traditional processing methods of sun drying and a combination of boiling and sun drying was investigated. Findings revealed that the retention of carbohydrates (92.72%), proteins (97.41%) and ash (92.39%) was significantly higher among samples that were subjected to sun drying alone, than samples subjected to boiling and sun drying. Considerable reduction in lipids content of sun dried samples (20.24%) and boiled and sundried samples (17.16%) were registered. Significant (p < 0.05) loss of bioactive compounds was registered when fresh leaves were subjected to the two processing methods. For example only 7.13% and 8% of ᵦ-carotene was retained in boiled and sun-dried samples and in sun dried samples, respectively. Insignificant effect on minerals was observed with more than 92% of Fe, Ca and Zn retained in sun dried and in boiled and sun dried leaves. The study demonstrated that subjecting cowpea leaves to sun drying and a combination of boiling and sun drying, leads to insignificant loss of carbohydrates and proteins but leads to the loss of bioactive compounds. The two processing techniques had insignificant effect on minerals contents. The study results show that drying could be considered for cowpeas preservation, which would contribute to ensuring all year availability of the vegetable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Juhari, Nurul Hanisah, Helle Jakobe Martens, and Mikael Agerlin Petersen. "Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Volatile Compounds of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyx during Different Drying Methods." Molecules 26, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206260.

Full text

Abstract:

Fresh roselle are high in moisture and deteriorate easily, which makes drying important for extending shelf-life and increasing availability. This study investigated the influence of different drying methods (oven-drying, freeze-drying, vacuum-drying, and sun-drying) on the quality of roselle calyx expressed as physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity, soluble solids, color), volatile compounds, and microstructure. Oven-drying and freeze-drying reduced moisture content most while vacuum-drying and sun-drying were not as efficient. All drying methods except sun-drying resulted in water activities low enough to ensure safety and quality. Vacuum-drying had no impact on color of the dry calyx and only small impact on color of water extract of calyx. Drying reduced terpenes, aldehydes, and esters but increased furans. This is expected to reduce fruity, floral, spicy, and green odors and increase caramel-like aroma. Sun-drying produced more ketones, alcohols, and esters. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that freeze-drying preserved the cell structure better, and freeze-dried samples resembled fresh samples most compared to other drying techniques. The study concludes that freeze-drying should be considered as a suitable drying method, especially with respect to preservation of structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Xu, Mingyue, Guifang Tian, Chengying Zhao, Aftab Ahmad, Huijuan Zhang, Jinfeng Bi, Hang Xiao, and Jinkai Zheng. "Infrared Drying as a Quick Preparation Method for Dried Tangerine Peel." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6254793.

Full text

Abstract:

To establish the most convenient and effective method to dry tangerine peels, different methods (sun drying, hot-air drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and medium- and short-wave infrared drying) were exploited. Our results indicated that medium- and short-wave infrared drying was the best method to preserve nutraceutical components; for example, vitamin C was raised to 6.77 mg/g (D.W.) from 3.39 mg/g (sun drying). Moreover, the drying time can be shortened above 96% compared with sun drying. Importantly, the efficiency of DPPH radical scavenging was enhanced from 26.66% to 55.92%. These findings would provide a reliable and time-saving methodology to produce high-quality dried tangerine peels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Abdalla, Mohammed, Abdel Moneim O. A. Babiker, Um Elhassan H. M. Khiar, Mortada H. A. Elhesain, SH E. Idriss, and Sulieman O, A. Figeada. "Comparative Study between Open-direct Sun and Solar Drying of Onion Slices (Allium cepa L.)." OPSearch: American Journal of Open Research 2, no. 6 (June 28, 2023): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58811/opsearch.v2i6.16.

Full text

Abstract:

Thin layer drying of onion slices (Allium et al.) was experimentally investigated using a free convective solar dryer and open-direct sun. The objective of this study is to compare the two methods of drying onions. The data of sample weight for open-direct sun and solar drying experiments were hourly recorded, drying rate (g water/100 g DM) and moisture contents (%) in dry basis (d,b) and wet basis (w,b) were calculated. Quality analysis for protein, fats, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates contents was also analyzed and evaluated. According to the results, direct open sun drying of onion slices took (19 hours) with a final moisture content of 16% and 13.5% dry basis and wet basis, respectively. At the same time, solar drying took (32 hours) with a final moisture content of 10% and 9.08% dry basis and wet basis, respectively. Solar drying showed a high drying rate as compared with direct sun drying. However, the two drying methods have a high drying rate at noon. The drying experiments showed no constant rate period but a falling rate period. For quality assessments or evaluation of onion slices, onion dried with the direct open sun was very dirty and contaminated with some foreign materials and microorganisms, while onion dried with solar showed no contamination. For quality evaluation analysis of protein, ash, fat, fiber, and carbohydrates contents, these constituents showed an increase for boss solar and direct open sun drying of onion. This is because drying reduces the moisture content of the product significantly; therefore, the dry matter was increased as a percentage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mentari, Bunga, Diswandi Nurba, and Rita Khathir. "Karakteristik Pengeringan Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum Rhizome) dengan Menggunakan Metode Penjemuran dan Menggunakan Alat Pengering Tipe Hohenheim." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v2i2.2975.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik pengeringan jahe merah dengan metode penjemuran langsung dan menggunakan alat pengering tipe Hohenheim. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 2 taraf, yaitu penjemuran langsung (B1) dan menggunakan alat pengering tipe Hohenheim (B2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata suhu pengeringan pada alat pengering tipe Hohenheim lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata suhu pengeringan secara penjemuran, sedangkan kelembaban relatif dalam alat pengering tipe Hohenheim lebih rendah dibandingkan kelembaban relatif pada sistem penjemuran. Susut bobot dan laju pengeringan pada pengeringan menggunakan alat pengering tipe Hohenheim lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode penjemuran. Kadar air pada pengeringan menggunakan alat pengering (19,84%) secara nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan pada metode penjemuran (37,02%). Metode pengeringan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kontaminasi benda asing, namun pengeringan menggunakan alat pengering tipe Hohenheim menghasilkan warna jahe merah yang lebih cerah dibandingkan dengan metode penjemuran. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengeringan menggunakan alat pengering tipe Hohenheim lebih baik dibandingkan metode penjemuran.DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF RED GINGER UNDER SUN DRYING AND BY USING HOHENHEIM TYPE DRYERAbstract. This study aimed to assess the drying characteristics of red ginger under sun drying method and by using Hohenheim type dryer. This study used a non factorial randomized block design with drying method at 2 levels, namely the sun drying method (B1) and Hohenheim type dryer (B2).The results showed that the average temperature drying in Hohenheim type dryer is higher than the average temperature of sun drying method, while the relative humidity in the dryer is lower than the relative humidity of sun drying method. The weight loss and the drying rate of red ginger dried by using Hohenheim type dryer is higher than that of sun drying method. The moisture content of red ginger dried by using Hohenheim type drier (19.84%) was significantly lower than that of sun drying method (37.02%). Drying method did not affect the rate of contamination on both methods. However, red ginger dried by using Hohenheim type drier has brighter colour than that of sun drying method. Therefore, it can be concluded that the drying process by using Hohenheim type drier was better than that of sun drying method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ramirez-Gutierrez, Diana M., Klein E. Ileleji, and Amanda J. Deering. "Evaluation of Novel Portable Passive and Cabinet Solar Dryers in Sun Drying of Mint Leaves under Indiana Weather Conditions." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 1083–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14208.

Full text

Abstract:

HighlightsThe Page model best predicted the drying rates of mint leaves in thin-layer laboratory experiments under cyclical temperature change and in field experiments using open-air sun drying and Dehytray and Dehymeleon solar dryers.The total time for drying mint leaves with all solar drying methods was the same (48 h).For all drying methods, the aerobic bacterial count was significantly less on dried mint leaves than on fresh leaves.Color change was less impacted by sunlight with the Dehymeleon than with the Dehytray and open-air sun drying.Abstract. The drying kinetics and quality attributes of mint leaves (Mentha spitaca) were studied to determine the drying performance of two solar drying technologies (Dehymeleon V.2 and Dehytray) and their effect on dried mint quality. Field drying experiments were carried out under weather conditions at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Thin-layer laboratory drying experiments were conducted for whole mint leaves at three temperatures [24°C (75°F), 35°C (95°F), and 54°C (130°F)] and airflow velocity of 1 m s-1 to determine the drying kinetics for the diurnal cycles typical for solar drying. The Page model was the most suitable model to predict the drying behavior of mint leaves for both the lab and field experiments. Even though the drying rate was higher with open-air sun drying on uncovered Dehytrays than with covered Dehytrays and the Dehymeleon, the total drying time for all methods was the same (48 h). Color change in mint leaves was less impacted by sunlight for mint leaves dried using the Dehymeleon, while the Dehytray and open-air sun drying had similar results due to their exposure to direct sunlight. For all drying methods, the aerobic bacterial count was significantly less for dried mint leaves than for fresh mint leaves. The log reductions in aerobic bacterial count achieved with open-air sun drying, Dehymeleon, and Dehytray were 0.47, 2.3, and 0.40, respectively. Keywords: Diffusion, Drying kinetics, Food quality, Mint leaves, Solar drying, Sun drying, Thin-layer drying.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Thalib, Amlius, B. Haryanto, Kuswandi ., H. Hamid, and Mulyani . "Technique for preparation of anaerobic microbes: Rodshaped cellulolytic bacteria." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 6, no. 3 (February 17, 2014): 153–57. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v6i3.234.

Full text

Abstract:

Preparation of anaerobic-rod cellulolytic bacteria with coating technique has been conducted. Steps of the processes involved were cultivation, coating, evaporation, and drying. Coating agent used was Gum Arabic, and drying techniquesconducted were freeze drying and sun drying. pH of culture media was firstly optimized to obtain the maximal population ofbacteria. Both coated and uncoated preparates were subjected to drying. Morphological and Gram type identifications showed that uncoated preparate dried with freeze drying is not contaminated (ie. all bacteria are rod shape with Gram-negative type) while the one dried with sun drying is not morphologically pure (ie. containing of both rod and coccus shapes with Gram negative and positive). The coated preparates dried by both freeze and sun drying, were not contaminated (ie. all are rods with Gram-negative). The coating and drying processes decreased viability of preparates significantly. However, the decreasing of viability of coated preparate are lower than uncoated preparate (ie. 89 vs. 97%). Total count of bacteria in sun-drying coated preparate are higher (P0.05) than the uncoated preparate (ie. 3.38 x 1010 vs. Â 1.97 x 1010 colony/g DM). Activity of sun-drying coated preparate to digest elephant grass and rice straw was higher (P0.01) than the sun-drying uncoated preparate with the in vitro DMD values were 42.7 vs. 35.5% for elephant grass substrate and 29.3 vs. 24.6% for rice straw substrate. Therefore, it is concluded that coating technique has a positive effects on the preparation of rumen bacteria. Â Key words : Anaerobic bacteria, coating, drying

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Khathir*, Rita, Edi Kurniawan, Yunita Yunita, and Syafriandi Syafriandi. "Drying Characteristics of Cacao Beans using Modified Solar Tunnel Dryer Type Hohenheim." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (November 17, 2023): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.12.3.30246.

Full text

Abstract:

Drying cacao has been conducted by open-sun drying systems by farmers worldwide. To improve the cacao drying, the use of solar dryers can be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying characteristics of using a modified solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim in drying cacao. As a comparison, the sun-drying method was also conducted. The parameters observed were temperature, relative humidity (RH), weight loss, moisture content, fat content, hardness, and drying rate. Results showed that the average temperature of the Hohenheim dryer was higher at about 10°C than the ambient temperature. However, the Hohenheim dryer's drying temperature fluctuated due to the oscillation of solar irradiation. The drying process took time for 12h in 2 days. The humidity in the drying chamber was high, above 50%, representing that the dryer needed additional fans to improve its air circulation. The final moisture content of cacao dried using Hohenheim dryer and sun-drying was 12.7 and 17.4%, respectively. The drying rate of cacao dried using a Hohenheim dryer was double that of sun-drying. Therefore, the dryer can speed up the drying time and protect the cacao from contamination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Li, Si, Fangwei Liu, Mulan Wu, Yuhao Li, Xiaoxiao Song, and Junyi Yin. "Effects of Drying Treatments on Nutritional Compositions, Volatile Flavor Compounds, and Bioactive Substances of Broad Beans." Foods 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2023): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12112160.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, different drying methods, including hot air drying, sun drying, and freeze drying were employed to dry fresh broad beans. The nutritional composition, volatile organic components and bioactive substances of the dried broad beans were systematically compared. The results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in nutritional composition, such as protein and soluble sugar content. Among the 66 identified volatile organic compounds, freeze drying and hot air drying significantly promote the production of alcohols and aldehydes, while sun drying effectively preserves esters. In terms of bioactive substances, broad beans dried by freeze drying exhibit the highest total phenol content as well as the strongest antioxidant capacity and gallic acid, followed by sun drying. The chemometric analysis revealed that the bioactive compounds in broad beans dried by three different methods were primarily composed of flavonoids, organic acids, and amino acids with significant differentiation. Notably, freeze-dried and sun-dried broad beans exhibited a higher concentration of differential substances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

S, Soni, Himmat Singh Chawra, Sharma Rk, and Garg R. "DEVELOPMENT OF DRYING PROTOCOL FOR WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ROOTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.28402.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: This experiment was conducted to develop a drying protocol for Withania somnifera roots (during the year 2009–2010 under the National Medicinal Plants Board project, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy-Scientific Institute of Research Organization, Mandsaur [M.P.]).Methods: The roots of Withania were harvested and cut into different sizes (2–4 inches) and subjected into sun drying, shade drying, and hot air oven drying in temperature ranging from 40°C to 60°C. The temperature for sun drying ranging from 32°C to 42°C during daytime, and in night hours, the samples were kept in plastic covers to prevent reabsorption of moisture. In shade drying, the pieces of roots were kept in shade (proper air flowing place) at normal climatic temperature. Moreover, in hot air oven drying method/mechanical drying method, the pieces of roots were kept at 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively. The samples were weighed, and the moisture content of the samples was taken at regular intervals until the standard moisture content of the dried roots was obtained that is mentioned in literature (10–5%).Result: The result revealed that hot air oven drying of roots took the lowest time (12 h), while sun drying method took 24 h for drying. The alkaloid content, namely, Withanolide A was significantly influenced by different methods of drying. The highest alkaloid content (0.010%) was observed in sun drying and hot air oven drying with 0.021.abc% as compared to shade drying with 0.009% Withanolide A.Conclusion: It may be concluded that sun drying and hot air oven drying are suitable methods for drying W. somnifera roots.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Krishna, M. Jaya, V. Ravi Teja, M. Deepthi, Ch Ganesh, and R. Lokesh. "A Comparison of Open Sun Drying Using Tomatoes and Mixed Mode Type Solar Drying." Journal of Modern Thermodynamics in Mechanical System 4, no. 3 (November 9, 2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jmtms.2022.v04i03.003.

Full text

Abstract:

Ingredients utilized in many culinary products, such as dried tomatoes used to make tomato powder and also used in sandwiches, are made via solar drying. When compared to damp products, dried items are more expensive. Used in various sectors, such as drying floor mats, in addition to drying food goods. Compared to drying in the open sun, solar drying produces superior outcomes. We also examine the temperature change and moisture decrease rate between solar drying and open sun drying. Solar drying was created to address some drawbacks, including dust, unpredictable temperature, and pollution. In these, we carry out an experiment in which we contrast solar drying with drying in the open sun. We can maintain the necessary temperature and shorten the drying period by employing solar drying. Solar drying was used to produce a high-quality product. For best results, we employed mixed mode type solar drying on them. Climate, ambient air temperature, solar air heater temperature, dryer chamber temperature, kind of food material, and atmospheric moisture all have a significant impact on the process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

ГАНУЩЕНКО, О., and Н. ЗЕНЬКОВА. "Sun-drying herbs in the field." Животноводство России, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25701/zzr.2021.70.49.015.

Full text

Abstract:

Скашивание трав исключительно в расстил, применение технологий кондиционирования злаковых культур и плющения бобовых растений, а также ускоренное провяливание сырья до содержания в нем минимально необходимого количества СВ способствуют улучшению качества брожения в консервируемой массе и получению высокопитательных готовых кормов для крупного рогатого скота.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Matouk, A. M., M. M. El - Kholy, and Solaf Abd El - Raheam. "ACCELERATED DRYING OF SUN FLOWER SEEDS." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.54379.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

SODHA, M. S., P. K. BANSAL, A. DANG, and S. B. SHARMA. "OPEN SUN DRYING : AN ANALYTICAL STUDY." Drying Technology 3, no. 4 (November 1985): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373938508916295.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mulet, A., A. Berna, C. Rossello, and J. Canellas. "ANALYSIS OF OPEN SUN DRYING EXPERIMENTS." Drying Technology 11, no. 6 (January 1993): 1385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939308916905.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Njie 1, D. N., and T. R. Rumsey. "Experimental Study of Cassava Sun Drying." Drying Technology 15, no. 3-4 (January 1997): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939708917268.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Njie, D. N., and T. R. Rumsey. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CASSAVA SUN DRYING." Drying Technology 16, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939808917397.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Manolopoulou, E., E. Tsiavtari, and V. Demopoulos. "Sun drying and hot air drying of figs: performance evaluation." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1173 (October 2017): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1173.59.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Jain, Dilip, and Pankaj B. Pathare. "Study the drying kinetics of open sun drying of fish." Journal of Food Engineering 78, no. 4 (February 2007): 1315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.12.044.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Shafiq, M., S. Firdous, Q. Irfan, S. J. Khan, and A. Qadir. "Study the Effect of Heating Process on Nutritional, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Mandarin Peel: Implication for Waste Management." Journal of Scientific Research 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v11i3.40493.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of present study was to explore nutritional value of mandarin peel (waste product) and utilize it in feed or an alternative to synthetic supplements as it is a powerful source of vitamin C and polyphenolic contents. Mandarin peels were dried by placing them at three different heating systems (Sun, vacuum oven and microwave drying) and extraction was carried out using four different solvent systems (methanol, ethanol, acetone and aqueous). Present results showed that mandarin peels retain best nutritional quality on electric oven drying followed by sun drying and microwave drying systems. A significant amount of ascorbic acid was found as sun drying (18.34 mg) > electrical oven drying (17.49 mg) > microwave oven drying (15.22 mg) per 100 g of sample. Highest antioxidant activity of mandarin peels was observed in ethanolic extraction of electrical oven drying (89.38±0.7%). Maximum value of total phenolics content (TPC) was present in electrical oven dried (189±0.9 mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g) and sun dried sample (171.1±0.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g) of ethanolic extraction. Total Flavonoid content (TFC) was present highly in ethanolic extraction of sun dried sample (376.55±0.7 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Khathir, R., Y. Yunita, R. Agustina, D. S. Jayanti, and A. Siagian. "Drying gayo coffee under natural processing by using modified Hohenheim solar tunnel dryer in Gayo highland." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1297, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1297/1/012018.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Gayo highland has relatively low daily temperature which is not effective for drying coffee. The objective of this study was to examine the operation of modified type Hohenheim solar tunnel dryer with 33% absorber area for drying coffee under natural processing in Gayo highland. About 9kg coffee cherries were dried by using the dryer and about 1 kg was dried under sun drying method. Results showed that the drying temperature of modified type Hohenheim solar tunnel dryer was higher about 9 to 14°C than the temperature of sun drying method. However, the relative humidity was about 40% both inside the drying chamber and outside the dryer. In order to reach the moisture below 14%, the drying time of coffee cherries by using the Hohenheim solar tunnel dryer may take for 8—9 days (64—72h) whereas the drying time by using sun drying method needs about 40 days (320h). It was found that the drying rate of coffee cherries dried by using Hohenheim solar tunnel dryer was higher than that of dried by sun drying method. In conclusion, the modified type Hohenheim solar tunnel dryer is promising to be used by farmers in Gayo highland.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Yuwana, Yuwana, Bosman Sidebang, and Evanila Silvia. "PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED YSD-UNIB12 SOLAR DRYER FOR CLOTHES MATERIAL DRYING." Jurnal Agroindustri 3, no. 2 (November 18, 2013): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.3.2.98-104.

Full text

Abstract:

YSD-UNIB12 solar dryer has been modified its interior by replacing the trays with rail suitable for clothes hanger and size in order to be applied to dry clothes. The dryer had 3 x 6 m2 total area with about 300 pieces of clothes capacity. The dryer finishes drying of wet towel faster (about 12 hours) than that of sun drying (more than 18 hours). The dryer also completed drying of “batik” cloth comparable to that of sun drying (about 13 hours) and drying of singlet faster (12 hours) that of sun drying (13 hours). The modified YSD-UNIB12 resulted better quality of dry cloth and was ready to be adopted for drying clothes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Hirko, Biruk, Haimanot Mitiku, and Abukiya Getu. "Effects of Processing Methods on the Quality of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)." Contemporary Agriculture 71, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2022): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0026.

Full text

Abstract:

Summary The quality of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), the ’king of spices’, is largely dependent on the postharvest handling and processing methods. Pungency and aroma are the most important qualities of black pepper, which are attributed to its oleoresin and volatile oils, respectively. Conventional open sun drying and shade drying were tested for different pretreatment curing of black pepper. The quality improvement and reduction in drying duration were exhibited for the sun-dried samples. The highest oleoresin content (8.15% w/w) was recorded in direct open sun-dried samples, whereas in shade-dried samples it was as low as 6.96% w/w. The highest essential oil content of 2.00 mL/100g (v/w) was obtained from the berries blanched for 2 minutes and sun-dried samples. Blanching followed by direct sun drying of berries had the highest acceptability score relative to the overall quality. Therefore, the physicochemical quality analyses performed proved that blanching and sun drying are effective in producing high-quality black pepper for export.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ambrose, Dawn C. P., Ravindra Naik, and Hrishikesh Patil. "Studies on the drying behaviour of red chilli and it’s effect on quality." Journal of Applied Horticulture 26, no. 02 (August 25, 2024): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i02.34.

Full text

Abstract:

Processing of chilli is an important aspect in the production of good quality chilli. Harvested chilli has moisture content about 80% (w.b) which has to be properly dried to keep away from aflatoxin infestation. Open yard sun drying is the conventional method being practised which takes long time for drying. Pre-treatment like destalking could reduce the drying time considerably resulting in uniformly dried product. The present work was aimed to find the effect of drying on the quality of chilli. Red chilli (variety: Sannam) was dried with stalk and without stalk under open sun and solar tunnel dryer. The drying behaviour of chilli was studied. The influence of drying on the quality parameters viz., vitamin C content, colour (L*, a*, b* values), shrinkage and ASTA colour was found. Drying studies resulted in reduction in moisture content from 323% (d.b) to 8% (d.b). The time taken for drying under open sun drying and solar drying was 33 and 17 hours respectively for chilli dried with stalk. Similarly, the time taken for drying chilli without stalk under open sun drying and solar drying was 29 and 16 hours respectively. Quality analysis of dried samples showed higher vit.C (13 mg/100g) and ASTA colour value (67.4) for solar dried chilli without stalk.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ayushi, Hude, Mukherjee Shubroto, Suryawanshi Avinash, Dhabale Rushikesh, Kurmate Shubham, Talwekar Prajakta, and D.N. Katole Dr. "Design and Fabrication of Solar Dryer for Tomato." Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834104.

Full text

Abstract:

The solar dryer has been specially developed and evaluated for its performance for drying of tomato slices. The loading capacity of the dryer was about 10 kg slices per batch. The drying characteristics of the dryer were studied and compared with respect to open sun drying method. The maximum temperature developed in the drying chamber of dryer was observed to be 52.63°C. Drying time for drying tomato slices from initial moisture content of 94% (wb) to final moisture content of 8.97% (wb) was recorded to be 12.5 h in said solar dryer whereas, 15 h was observed in the open sun drying. The powder was prepared from tomato slices dried in the said solar t dryer had dark red colour as compared to that for open sun-dried tomato slices powder. It was observed that the gravel with iron scrap heat storage system supplied heat to the drying chamber for 3 more hours after sunset. Thus, the extended3 hours after sun set facilitated the completion of drying in a single day.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Trondillo, Mark Jude, Kevin Yaptenco, Engelbert Peralta, and Ernesto Carpio. "Improved Quality of Dried Philippine Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) using a Combination of Hot-Air Drying and Solar Drying." Philippine Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 14, no. 1 (2018): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.48196/014.01.2018.04.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditional methods of processing and drying sandfish [Holothuria ((Metriatyla)) scabra] result in poor quality and low value products in the market. The drying process generally involves smoking and sun drying which can leave scorch marks and smoke residue, and result in inadequate drying especially during poor weather. A combination of hot air drying and solar drying (Treatment I) was compared to the traditional process of smoke drying followed by sun drying (Treatment II) to determine the effect on product quality and price. Results showed that significant shrinkage occurred regardless of the drying treatment used. Shrinkage was greater in samples subjected to the traditional process, although this was not statistically significant. Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes in muscle and collagen fibers between primary drying (hot air drying or solar drying) and secondary drying (solar drying or sun drying). Assessment of dried samples by a producer, consolidator, and exporter showed that processed sandfish dried using Treatment II had better quality and could command prices higher by 25-89% compared to Treatment I samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Tapotubun, Alfonsina Marthina, Fredrik Rieuwpassa, Unang Supratman, and Beni Setha. "Effect of Different Drying Methods on Phytochemical Content of Caulerpa lentillifera from Kei Islands." International Journal of ChemTech Research 12, no. 6 (2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.120614.

Full text

Abstract:

Seaweed, Caulerpa sp., is one of the natural materials that contain many kinds of bioactive compounds depending on species and habitat. The aim of this study was to know the effect of sun drying method on the phytochemical content of C. lentillifera from Kei Islands waters, Southeast Moluccas. The study consisted of several steps,C. lentillifera sample collection using sampling purposive method, direct sun drying and indirect wind drying methods, methanol extraction, and phytochemical test using Harborne method. Crude extract of C. lentillifera in indirect wind drying method was higher than that in direct sun drying. Alkaloid, terpenoid and steroid were found in C. lentillifera from Kei Islands on both drying methods. Saponin was only found in indirect wind drying method. Phenolic compounds were not found in C. lentillifera samples from both drying methods

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wahdaningsih, Sri, Shoma Rizkifani, Eka Kartika Untari, and William Rinaldi. "Effect of Drying Method on Levels of Antioxidant Activity, Total Flavonoid Levels, and Total Phenol Levels in Ethanol Extract of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana) Leaves." Majalah Obat Tradisional 28, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.80085.

Full text

Abstract:

The drying process can affect the content of seconder metabolites such as flavonoids and phenols in plants. The content of flavonoids and phenols plays an important role in the antioxidant activity of a plant. This study aims to determine the effect of drying methods using sunlight and oven on antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenols. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with vitamin C as a standard, total flavonoid levels using quercetin as a standard, and total phenol using gallic acid as a standard were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of antioxidant activity (IC50)by sun drying and oven respectively were 123 ppm and 152 ppm, total flavonoid content by sun drying and oven respectively were 22.5% and 20.698%, and total phenol content by sun drying and oven respectively amounted to 37.35% and 36.648%. The conclusion is that the sun-drying method has antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenol levels which are greater than the oven-drying method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Saha, Gobinda, Amit Baran Sharangi, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis, Nawaf Alshammari, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, and Mohd Saeed. "Dynamics of Drying Turmeric Rhizomes (Curcuma longa L.) with Respect to Its Moisture, Color, Texture and Quality." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061420.

Full text

Abstract:

Drying involves removing moisture from food. Therefore, to preserve the phenolic and bioactive compounds such as curcumin, dimethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxi curcumin, etc., an efficient drying method is considered necessary. The primary drying methods are sun drying, hot air oven drying and fluidized bed drying. Traditional drying methods result in the loss of volatile oil (up to 25%) by evaporation and destruction of some light-sensitive oil constituents. Three methods of drying Turmeric with pretreatments boiled/unboiled and whole/sliced (2.5 cm long) were compared on physical and quality parameters. Texture analysis from sundry sliced boiled rhizomes achieved maximum peak force (45.40 kg), which was an indication of maximum uniform drying. Moisture content was strongly and significantly associated with drying time in different drying methods. Out of the three drying methods, in general, the sun drying showed a declining trend of L*, a* and b* values with drying time. Whereas a slower rate of decrease in L*, a* and b* values was predominant in the oven dry method. Interestingly, in the case of the fluidized method, almost static L*, a* and b* values were measured at 3 h of drying onwards after a declining trend of those values. In the case of sun and oven drying, the hue angle reached its peak at the fourth hour of drying, then gradually declined up to final drying. However, for fluidized bed drying, it had a continuous declining trend for other parameters such as chroma and total color change; there was a sharp decreasing trend for all throughout. Turmeric whole boiled dried in the sun produced the maximum curcumin (5.82%) and the sliced boiled ones produced the maximum oleoresin (8.10%), indicating good quality powdered product among all other drying treatments. Considering all the aspects, it is recommended that sun drying should be followed in post-harvest operations, as it produces a quality powder with comparatively more curcumin, despite its longer drying time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Renate, Dharia, Indriyani, and Winda Simbolon. "The Application of an Artificial Dryer and Sun-Drying to Enhance the Quality of Red Chili Flakes Simplicia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1097, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1097/1/012022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Red chili flakes simplicia should have a color and an aroma resembling those of fresh red chilies. Long-term drying of red chilies at high temperatures and high humidity can produce undesirable color changes such as dried simplicia chilies and blackish brown chili flakes. This can be overcome by using artificial dryers or sun-drying combined with the provision of strong wind gusts to reduce temperature and humidity, avoiding substances that cause changes in color and aroma. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality characteristics of red chili flakes obtained from sun-drying, fanning, and drying using artificial dryers to overcome changes in the color and vitamin C content of red chili flakes. The research was conducted using the randomized block design with several treatments of drying methods, namely sun-drying, sun-drying with a fan blowing, drying in a tray dryer, drying in a tray dryer with a fan blowing, and drying in an electric oven. The data collected were analyzed by ANOVA and further subjected to a Duncan’s test at a 5% level. The results show that the highest yield (66.86%) was obtained from the drying treatment in a tray dryer with a fan blowing. The lowest water content (8.5%) was obtained from drying using a combination of sunlight and tray dryer. The highest vitamin C content (269.86 mg/100 g) was also found in the treatment using the combination of sunlight and tray dryer. The best chili flakes color was with a brightness value of 41 and a* and b* values of +52.6 and +42.3, which indicates a yellowish red color. The research concluded that a combination of sun-drying and fanning on red chilies resulted in good color of red chili flakes and that artificial drying using a tray dryer combined with fanning or sun-drying could overcome changes in the color and vitamin C content of red chili flakes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lal, Shiv, S N Saxena, G Lal, N Chaudhary, S S Meena, and M D Meena. "Assessment of different drying methods on sensory, color and quality attributes of fennel (Foeniculmn vulgare Mill) seeds harvested for chewing purpose." International Journal of Seed Spices 12, no. 2 (August 13, 2024): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijss.v92i1.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The present investigation was carried out at an experimental farm and post-harvest laboratory of ICAR-NRCSS, Ajmer during 2019-2021. This study aimed to assess the influence of different drying methods on fennel seeds harvested for chewing purposes. Fennel umbels were harvested at 143 days after sowing and 35 days after anthesis and dried under different drying treatments. T1-sun drying, T2-shed drying, T3-hot air oven drying (40oC), T4-hot air oven drying (50oC), T5-shed net (75% shed) drying (on floor), T6-low cost poly solar dryer and T7-drying in shed net (75% shed) with hanging umbels. The findings of the study revealed that the overall acceptability score of dried seeds for chewing purposes was recorded maximum in shed net drying with hanging umbels followed by hot air oven drying (50oC), hot air oven drying (40oC), shed net drying (on the floor), low-cost poly solar drying, shed drying (27±2oC) and least in Sun/Open drying. The chromatic value of seeds dried by different drying approaches was determined and the maximum (L*-lightness) and (a*-greenness, negative) of seeds were measured in shed net drying with hanging umbels and lowest in open drying. The b* value measures yellowness (positive) and resulted highest in the sun/open drying method followed by a low-cost poly solar dryer and least in shed net drying with hanging umbels and shed net (75% shed) drying (on the floor). Among physical attributes of dried seeds, maximum seed length and width were observed in the seeds dried by hot air oven drying (50oC) which was statistically at par with drying in shed net (75% shed) with hanging umbels. The highest seed length/width and seed index (test weight) were observed in seeds dried in a shed net (75% shed) with hanging umbels which was statistically at par with shed net (75% shed) drying (on the floor) and lowest in low-cost poly solar dryer and sun/open drying. Seed oil content was significantly affected by drying methods and maximum total oil &essential oil content was determined in hot air oven drying (50oC) followed by shed net (75% shed) with hanging umbels whereas, minimum in low-cost poly solar dryer followed by sun/open drying. Total soluble solids (TSS) measured highest in seeds dried in shed net (75% shed) with hanging umbels however, least in sun/open drying. From the study, it was suggested that to obtain better quality fennel seeds, harvested for chewing purposes could be dried in a shed net (75% shed) with hanging umbels and hot air oven drying (50oC).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

A., D. Sagagi, and Enaburekhan J. "REVIEW OF SIMULATION STUDIES FOR GRAIN DRYING IN DIRECT SUN AND SOLAR DRYERS." Continental J. Engineering Sciences 1 (July 22, 2007): 27–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833563.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reviews the theoretical models of physical processes in a drying system and their suitability for modeling the drying system. Detail discussion on the relationships and data required in the simulation models were also presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Visvanathan, R. "Effect of Slice Thickness, Pre-treatments, and Drying Methods on Drying Characteristics of Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica)." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 58, no. 04 (March 31, 2022): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2021581.1756.

Full text

Abstract:

Drying characteristics of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) of APK 2 variety was studied by cabinet drying, fluidized bed drying, and sun drying. Air temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C were used in the cabinet and fluidized bed dryer. Air velocity of 7-8 m.s-1 was used in the fluidized bed dryer. Temperature observed under open sun drying was 28 - 32°C at relative humidity of 55 – 65%. Mushroom slice of 10, 15, 20 mm thickness were hot water blanched at 85°C for 3 minutes, and treated with potassium meta-bisulphite (KMS) @ 200 ppm per litre of water for 15 minutes, as treatments with a control. Mushroom samples with the initial moisture content of 747.8- 1500.4% (d.b.) were dried to a final moisture content of 7.8- 16.7% (d.b.) by the sun in 10.5 - 15.5 h, fluidized bed in 1.5 - 2.75 h, and cabinet drying in 5.5 - 13.5 h. Drying time increased with increase in thickness of the sample, and decreased with increase in drying air temperature. The protein content of the samples dried by cabinet, fluidized bed, and sun drying were 34.8, 33.3, and 29.7%, respectively. Drying at 50°C under cabinet and fluidized bed drying retained higher protein content.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Anggrahini, Sri, and Agam Gumawang. "Effect of Drying Method on Proximate Content, Physical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Powder Gading, Manggala, and Lumut Snake Fruit Kernel." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i3.387.

Full text

Abstract:

Sun drying is usually used during drying snake fruit kernel powder processing before roasting. However, powder productions become hampered during raining season due to its highly weatherdepended. Cabinet drying can possibly be feasible alternative. The aim of research was to compare and describe the effect of sun drying and cabinet drying on proximate content, physical properties, and antioxidant activity of snake fruit kernel powder from Gading, Pondoh Manggala, and Pondoh Lumut varieties. Each of snake fruit kernel from Gading, Pondoh Manggala, and Pondoh Lumut, was divided and dried under two conditions, i.e. 3 days sun drying and cabinet drying at a temperaure of 60°C for 18 hours. Then dried kernel was roasted at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, grinded, sifted using 40 mesh sieve to obtain snake fruit kernel powder. Samples were analyzed for their proximate content, solubility, total soluble solid and antioxidant activity. Results of the study showed that there was no significant difference among variables: chemical composition and solubility, but antioxidant activity and total soluble solid were significantly different. Total soluble solid of cabinet-dried snake fruit kernel powder was more higher than that of sun-dried, however antioxidant activity was more lower. Keywords: cabinet drying, kernel powder, snake fruit, sun drying, variety

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Laishram Basantarani, Baby Zaithanpuii Hmar, H Lalnunfeli, and Ramngaihzuala. "Effect of Drying on The Physical Characteristics of Mizo Chilli (Bird’s Eye Chilli) and Study of Its Drying Kinetics." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 05 (May 14, 2024): 1297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0176.

Full text

Abstract:

Mizo chilli (Bird’s eye chilli), locally known as Hmarchate or Vaihmarchate is one of the hottest chillies in the world and a major spice crop of Mizoram. Traditional sun-drying at temperatures around 33±2℃ and hot air oven drying at 40°C, 50℃ and 60℃ was carried out using the green chillies (grade B and C) having lengths of around 2.5 cm–4 cm. The initial moisture content of the fresh chillies was 78±5% (wb) having a water activity of 0.981±0.017, and it was dried to a final moisture content of 6±2% (wb). The time required for sun drying was around 30 h which was done during the daytime of bright sunny days. The hot air oven drying at 40°C, 50℃, and 60℃ were completed in 26 h, 24 h, and 23 h respectively. The color variation of the samples was measured using a hunter lab calorimeter. The water activity (aw) of the sun-dried samples was 0.407±0.004 and that of the hot air-dried samples was 0.551±0.003. The sun drying gave a better appearance than the hot air drying. Studying the drying behavior and kinetics of the samples, the Page model was best fitted for sun drying while the Lewis model was found to be best fitted for hot air oven drying.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

SARAVANAN, RAJU, NARENDRA ATMARAM GAJBHIYE, JAYANTI S. MAKASANA, and VELUMANI RAVI. "Barbaloin content of aloe (Aloe barbadensis) leaf exudates as affected by different drying techniques." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 7 (July 8, 2015): 936–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i7.50126.

Full text

Abstract:

Aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) is commercially cultivated for its transparent leaf gel and leaf exudates. The leaf exudates collected from epidermal layer contain anthraquinone glycosides (aloins) mainly barbaloin (aloin A) and isobarbaloin (aloin B). Aloin A is used as a raw material for the production of diacylrhein, a potent drug prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis. Conventional drying of leaf exudates in open sun causes changes in physicochemical properties and altered aloin A and B composition. Various drying techniques, viz. oven drying, freeze drying, shade drying and open sun drying were employed to evaluate the qualitative and physico-chemical changes in final product of aloe leaf exudates. Freeze drying resulted in high quality dried exudates having maximum aloin A content of 54.16%. The other three drying techniques resulted in lower aloin A content in the final dried product of leaf exudates. Fresh aloe exudates contained lower amount of aloin B (4.65% w/v). Sun drying increased aloin B content to 17.73% (to the extent of 2.27 fold) in the final product compared to freeze drying. Shade drying and sun drying lowered the total aloin content by 13.2% and 8% respectively compared to freeze dried exudates. Freeze drying is the most efficient technique to obtain high quality dried aloe exudates having good textural and physicochemical property. Alternately, shade drying with proper ventilation can be employed to get acceptable final product with marginally lower (8%) total aloin content compared to freeze drying.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Joseph Oboh, Fred Omon, and Osayuwamen Aigbe. "The Effect of Preservation Methods on the Nutritional Quality of Fluted Pumpkin (Tel/airia occidentalis) Leaves." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 54, no. 3 (December 26, 2011): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.54.3.2011.167.171.

Full text

Abstract:

The present research was undertaken to investigate the effect of various blanching and drying treatments on the vitamin C, �-carotene, iron, protein content and drying time of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook) leaves. The leaves were subjected to sun or oven drying alone or after blanching in boiling water, dilute citric acid (0.3%) or dilute potassium meta-bisulphite (0.5%). In the absence of blanching pre-treatment, oven drying resulted in shorter drying time for the leaves and a higher vitamin C content of the dried product than sun drying and there was no significant difference (p>0.01) between the protein, �-carotene and iron content of the oven and sun dried products. Leaves blanched in boiling water, dilute citric acid, or dilute potassium meta-bisulphite solution, followed by sun or oven drying had less vitamin C, iron, protein and �-carotene than leaves dried without blanching. Compared with the use of boiling water, blanching in boiling potassium meta-bisulphite reduced the loss of �-carotene, protein and iron; blanching in dilute citric acid reduced the loss of iron. Except for citric acid pre-treatment, blanching prior to drying shortened drying time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Wirantika, Anila, Idda Nuriya Rahma, Raafi Akbar Putra, Devita Almayda, Diah Ayu Kusumawati, Muhammad Agil Nur Fauzan, Yeti Rusmiati Hasanah, Afwa Hayuningtyas, Pinyapat Jitphongsaikul, and Alwani Hamad. "Drying Methods Affecting the Antioxidant Activity of Turmeric Crude Drug." Research in Chemical Engineering (RiCE) 2, no. 2 (November 25, 2023): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/rice.v2i2.111.

Full text

Abstract:

Turmeric is commonly a spice with many benefits in improving health, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The preparation of turmeric crude drug usually uses conventional sun drying. However, the quality of crude drugs is uncontrollable. The alternative using a modern drying process may affect the antioxidant properties of the final crude drug. This research aims to investigate the effect of drying methods (cabinet drying at 30oC and 70oC, infrared (IR), and conventional sun drying) on the antioxidant activity of turmeric crude drugs. The moisture content and its chemical compounds, including Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), were also investigated. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH free radical scavenging and Feri Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. The results showed that the moisture content of dried turmeric samples from cabinet drying at 70 C and sun drying was less than 10%. TPC of all dried turmeric from modern drying methods was significantly higher than conventional sun drying and the same as TFC results, except for the sample from the IR method. The antioxidant activity of dried curcumin from IR drying was significantly higher than that of another sample in the FRAP method. However, the higher antioxidant of dried turmeric using the DPPH free radical scavenging showed in dried turmeric from cabinet drying at 70 C and sun drying. The results of the antioxidant activity of the dried turmeric crude drug did not correlate with the TPC and TFC data as predicted using Pearson’s Correlation. Thus, it can be concluded that the drying methods influenced the antioxidant activity of turmeric crude drug, and it did not correlate with phenolic and flavonoid content.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Sun drying'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles