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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sundarban'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ghosh, Priyanka. "SUBSISTENCE AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN THE SUNDARBAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE, WEST BENGAL, INDIA." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/26.

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My dissertation research investigates the impacts of biodiversity conservation on the local population living in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR). More specifically, the research examines the impacts of conservation on local fishing communities living on the edge of the Sundarban Reserve Forest. In addition, it examines the causes and characteristics of conflicts between the biosphere reserve managers and the local fishing communities over the resource use of the biosphere reserve. The research project also explores the impacts of ecotourism on the local population that lives on the edge of the Sundarban Tiger Reserve (STR). STR is one of the important components of the larger biosphere reserve and the core area of the STR overlaps with the core area of the SBR. Findings from research indicate that the current management of the SBR in many ways replicates a fortress conservation model in which local fishermen are denied access to the fishing grounds in the core and sanctuary areas of the STR. Furthermore, the regulation of number of boats through the Boat Licensing Certificate (BLC) creates an avenue for illegal fishing in the STR. Illegal fishing makes fishermen more vulnerable to tiger attacks as the fishermen try to avoid the patrolling forest guards and hide themselves deep in the forest. Fishermen also pay frequent fine for illegal fishing and face harassments from the biosphere resource managers. The confiscation of BLCs and fishing implements also leads to significant loss of fishing time. Additionally, the research shows how the characteristics of a fortress conservation model continue to live on despite there was no instances of eviction during the formation of the SundarbanTiger Reserve in 1973. In sum, this dissertation transforms our overall understanding of a fortress conservation model and suggests that we need to consider broader environmental and political history of a region to understand conservation in a given territory.

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2

Rajarshi, Dasgupta. "Enhancing Coastal Community's Disaster and Climate Resilience in the Mangrove Rich Indian Sundarban." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215362.

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3

Musa, Khalid Bin. "Identifying Land Use Changes and It's Socio-Economic Impacts : A Case Study of Chacoria Sundarban in Bangladesh." Thesis, Linköping : Linköping University. Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2076/FULLTEXT03.

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4

Akhter, Mariam. "Remote sensing for developing an operational monitoring scheme for the Sundarban Reserved Forest, Bangladesh <engl.&gt." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1161803796914-21342.

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Sundarban Reserved Forest in Bangladesh is playing a significant role in local and national economy and is providing protection to the coastline as well as to the indigenous people. During the past decades and also in recent time this forest was heavily disturbed by human intervention in many aspects. As a consequence the resources of the forest are fragmenting, shrinking and declining, which in turn leads to an increasing failure of satisfying increasing demands both at local and national levels. Therefore accurate and continuously updated spatial information is needed for optimising forest management and environmental planning on both levels to support the fulfilment of urgent needs of sustainability of the forest. Considering the specific topography and the poor accessibility of the forest versus the task of collecting information, remote sensing is an attractive, if not the only means of obtaining sound full-coverage spatial information on forest cover of Sundarban. This research used medium resolution Landsat ETM data of November 2000 and Landsat TM data of January 1989 to assess and monitor the forest for 1. Identification of the operational tools for mapping and monitoring the forest as well as on the examination of the reliability of the application of multitemporal satellite remote sensing data for building spatial databases on forest cover in Sundarban. 2. Based on the existing management plan of the forest as well as the spectral properties of Landsat ETM imagery a level III classification system was developed. 3. This classification strategy was tested by applying several methods to achieve the classification result with the highest accuracy and thus to build the most reliable methodology for mapping forest cover in Sundarban. 4. Forest cover change was assessed for the period of eleven years. Significant changes have been observed due to illegal removal of trees from the forest although a governmental moratorium on banning timber extraction exists since 1989. 5. Development of an operational monitoring scheme by means of multitemporal satellite imagery analysis, which will allow concerned authorities to set up sustainable and appropriate monitoring of the Sundarban Reserved Forest
Das Schutzgebiet des Sundarban Mangrovenwaldes in Bangladesh spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in Hinsicht auf nationale und lokale sozio-ökonomische und sozio-ökologische Aspekte. Das Waldgebiet stabilisiert nicht nur die Küstenlinie, sondern schützt auch die Bevölkerung vor den Einflüssen von Flutkatastrophen. Durch menschlichen Einfluss wurde die Region während der letzten Jahrzehnte mehr und mehr unmittelbar gestört. Der Rückgang des Ertrags an Ressourcen aus dem Wald führte zu wachsender Unzufriedenheit in der von diesen Nutzungs-möglichkeiten abhängigen Bevölkerung. Um eine Optimierung des Waldmanagements durchführen zu können, werden kontinuierliche und genaue raumbezogene Daten benötigt. Betrachtet man die spezifische Topographie und die schlechte Zugänglichkeit der Waldgebiete, so bietet die Fernerkundung eine attraktive Möglichkeit, raumbezogene Informationen für die großen Flächen des Sundurban Mangrovenwaldes zu erfassen. Zur Analyse und Überwachung der Waldgebiete wurden zwei Satellitenbild-Datensätze mit mittlerer Auflösung verwendet, und zwar Landsat ETM Daten aus dem Jahre 2000 (November) sowie Landsat TM Daten aus dem Jahre 1989 (Januar). Die zentralen Aktivitäten im Rahmen der Bearbeitung der Dissertation beziehen sich auf 1. die Identifikation der notwendigen Werkzeuge für eine erfolgreiche Kartierung und Überwachung der Waldgebiete sowie Untersuchung der Zuverlässigkeit multi-temporaler Fernerkundungsdaten für den Aufbau einer Datenbasis für die Kartierung von Waldbedeckungsarten im Untersuchungsgebiet des Sunderban Mangroven-waldes, 2. die Entwicklung eines Klassifikationssystems nach dem USGS-Schlüssel (Auflösungsebene III) auf Grundlage des existierenden Managementplanes und der spektralen Qualität der Landsat ETM Satellitenbilddaten, 3. den Test der Klassifikationsstrategie durch Adaption unterschiedlicher Methoden und Optimierung in bezug auf Erzielung eines Ergebnisses in maximal erreichbarer Genauigkeit als Ausgangspunkt für den Aufbau einer Methodologie zum Monitoring des Sunderban Mangrovenwaldes, 4. die Extraktion der Veränderungen der Waldbedeckung über ein Zeitintervall von 11 Jahren mit weitreichenden Erkenntnissen zur Dynamik der Degradations-effekte, die hauptsächlich durch illegales Fällen trotz Verbot durch ein Regierungs-memorandum seit 1989 beschleunigt wird, 5. die Entwicklung einer operationellen Monitoring-Struktur mit Hilfe von multi-temporaler Satellitenbildanalyse für ein nachhaltiges und angepasstes raumbezo-genes Management des Sunderban-Mangrovenwaldes

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5

Saif, Samia. "Investigating tiger poaching in the Bangladesh Sundarbans." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56647/.

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Tigers (Panthera tigris) are Critically Endangered in Bangladesh with only 106 individuals remaining. Poaching is one of the major reasons for the rapid decline in tiger numbers across their entire range. In Bangladesh, very little is known about the utilization of tiger parts, and few details exist to date regarding their acquisition and trade. This research is an original study that explores the local usage, poaching, and trade of tiger parts in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh for the first time. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 141 respondents in the villages around the Bangladesh Sundarbans from December 2011 to June 2013. The respondents include Village Tiger Response Team members (n=46/141), general members of the village community (n=62/141), and tiger killers (n=33/141). The study revealed the local use of, and belief in, the medicinal values of tiger parts is diverse (e.g. medicinal uses, as protection from "dangers" in the forest, and to enhance personal social status and/or wellbeing), and that virtually all parts of the tiger are used including teeth, bones, meat, tongue, genital organs, claws, furs, and whiskers. The research concludes that 65% of the respondents use and/or believe in the benefits of tiger parts, 20% do not use or believe, 9% do not want to talk about the use of tiger parts and 6% are coded 'don't know'. Of the respondents who reported using and/or believing in the benefits of tiger parts, 52% used tiger parts, and 96% believed in the benefits of tiger parts in spite of personal consumption or not. A local trade of tiger parts is present in the villages around the Bangladesh Sundarbans where tiger parts are traded via local middlemen or friends or families with little or no money. Five groups were identified that are involved in tiger killing: villagers, poachers, shikari (local hunters), trappers, and pirates. Villagers kill tigers in the village predominantly for safety, while other groups kill inside the forest professionally or opportunistically. Poachers kill tigers purely for money, but the diverse incentives for the other groups are more complex. Shikari's motives are multi-faceted, encompassing excitement, profit, esteem, and status arising from providing tiger parts for local medicine. Pirates, on the other hand, not only kill tigers for profit and safety, but also as a 'protection service' to the community. The results further illustrate that each group that engages in the killing of tigers submit tiger parts to the commercial trade in exchange for money. This study, additionally, found that a recent commercial demand for tiger bones exists in the Bangladesh Sundarbans; however, the commercial trade of tiger skin was always present. In the Bangladesh Sundarbans, the tiger killers locally tan the skin using local ingredients (potash alum, blue vitriol, salt), and bury the rest of the body to collect the bones later. The price range of a skin varies between BDT 40,000-90,000 (USD520-1,169); for bones BDT 1,500-3,000/kg (USD20-39) and for a canine BDT 1,000-7,000 (USD13-91). Non-local Bangladeshi traders from other cities come and buy the bones from the tiger killers. Note, the trade chain for bones and skin are separate in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The secondary data documented 46 incidents of tiger or tiger parts being traded in the Bangladesh from 1981 to 2015, of which most of them are confiscation of tiger/tiger parts by the law enforcement authorities (n=26). The overall tiger poaching situation in Bangladesh is complex and requires a multifaceted conservation approach based on the local beneﬁts of tiger conservation that is generated by new development measures, combined with stronger enforcement. These suggested conservation efforts may likely represent the only sustainable solution to maintain a steady tiger population in the Bangladesh Sundarbans.

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6

Flood, Rory Patrick. "Post Mid-Holocene sedimentation of the West Bengal Sundarbans." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673854.

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The Sundarbans is one of the largest coastal wetland sites in the world that covers an area of approximately one million hectares in the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra (G-B) rivers located across Bangladesh and India. This thesis sets out to examine sedimentation taking place in the western, 'abandoned' tidal delta over the course of the mid-to-late-Holocene epoch, c. last 4000 cal yr BP. This will focus on investigating the dominant sources and depositional processes through grain-size distributions, mineralogy, and high-resolution core-scan derived geochemistry of sediments for provenance and depositional process indicators. By approximately 5000 cal yr BP, the Ganges River had largely abandoned the western delta complex underlying the present day Indian Sundarbans and migrated eastward towards its present day course. The western extent of the old G-B delta is now considered to be undergoing net erosion, at least since the middle ofthe 19th century. This thesis seeks to test and challenge these assumptions. The results from this thesis suggest that sedimentary provenance is dominated by a mixed Ganges-Brahmaputra source, composed mainly of silicate weathering products, with the possibility of greater Ganges inputs. The depositional environment is characterised by a sedimentary facies record similar to that of a muddy-tidal flat with a dominant fining-up of the grain size distributions, capping what may potential sub-tidal ridges. Radiocarbon results reveal an overarching trend in stratigraphically anachronous dates that are potentially indicative of fluctuating depositional processes present throughout the Sundarbans. Sedimentation processes in the Sundarbans appear to reflect the ebband flood-tidal conditions which may be overprinted by monsoonal variability. A novel development in the methodological approaches pursued in this research has been through the compositional data analysis (CoDa) framework. The Sundarbans may be considered to be a dynamic sedimentary depositional environment that is under constant flux.

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7

Mukhopadhyay, Amites. "Doing development : voluntary agencies in the Sundarbans of West Bengal." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406100.

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8

Mitra, Indradip. "Optimum utilization of renewable energy for electrification of small islands in developing countries." Kassel Kassel Univ. Press, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994135718/04.

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9

Rahman, Md Azizur. "Application of GIS in ecotourism development : a case study in Sundarbans, Bangladesh." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11754.

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GIS can be used in tourism as a decision supporting tool for sustainable tourism planning, impact assessment, visitor flow management, and tourism site selection. Therefore, the potential for GIS applications in tourism is significant. The purpose of the study was fixed to explore the potential of using GIS for planning resources pertinent to ecotourism development. The study investigated a case study in Sundarbans which is the largest mangrove forest region of the world, located in the southern part of Bangladesh and the Indian region of west Bengal. However, the current study considered only the Bangladesh part of Sundarbans for study and prepared ecotourism planning for this region. The Sundarbans plays an important role for the national economy of Bangladesh because of its natural resources and tourism activities. Moreover, this forest has been facing some problems due to unplanned development and tourism activities. The ultimate result of unplanned development is land use change, increasing deforestation, biodiversity losses and decreasing upstream flows. Therefore, the study considered this mangrove for ecotourism planning and development and GIS used as decision supporting tools. Moreover, this study tried to find some answers from the research questions. Tourism is a phenomenon, which often highlights that lack of planning and management in terms of environmental concern. For ecotourism planning this thesis quantifies land use change in the Sundarbans over 33 years (1977-2010) using Landsat TM, ETM & MSS satellite imagery and prepared vector maps based on LGED map for ecotourism mapping in Sundarbans, GIS assist in this process. The study found that, the land use of Sundarbans changed over the study period and the density of forest declined at the same time. However, the change occurred because of various human activities and climate change effects. Tourism has a little bit of contribution in the periphery area for this change but tourism has not yet been considered responsible for these effects largely as it is at a very early stage. This research proposed for community development and involvement for local people as a part of hospitality services in ecotourism industries in this region because they can assist tourists according to their experience as guides in the forest. Moreover, they can be employed in the service industries operating or accompanying jungle boat trips and wilderness trails and assisting in transport operation. For ecosystem protection in Sundarbans this study proposed a 300 meters buffer zone around the sanctuaries. Finally, this study proposed an outline for ecotourism planning in the Bangladesh part of Sundarbans where GIS assist in the planning process.

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10

Jalais, Annu. "People and tigers : an anthropological study of the Sundarbans of West Bengal, India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1766/.

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This thesis examines how Sundarbans islanders living in the southern reclaimed islands of the Bengal delta both think about and 'interact with' the man-eating tigers of the region. The thesis classifies three broad occupational groups - forest workers, prawn collectors, and landowners - and discusses how they use different understandings of the tiger to draw distinctions between each other. It argues that the islanders' interactions with tigers articulate both social practices and understandings of the social, and that attitudes to the forest/land opposition divide people into the distinct groups of bhadralok and gramer lok. These interactions are discussed in connection with people's relation to their environment. The environment is understood both as a set of narratives - about humans and tigers sharing a cantankerous nature because of a harsh geography and of a common history of displacement - and as a practical experience - of working in the forest as crab, fish or honey collectors, especially by opposition to landowning cultivators. The thesis also looks at environmentalists' perceptions of the Sundarbans as 'tiger-land' and the repercussions of such an image on state policies for the region's people. This is undertaken through a discussion of how the portrayal of the Sundarbans as a wildlife area means that the Sundarbans inhabitants' demand for a more equal allocation of resources between them and tigers is not seen as legitimate by outsiders. Thus this thesis, by engaging with the Sundarbans islanders' narratives and daily experiences of living 'alongside tigers', addresses the Sundarbans islanders' social relations as well as ideas of the social not just in relation to themselves and each other, but also in relation to their position as a 'collective' and their place in the realm of the politics of global conservation.

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11

Sarker, Swapan Kumar. "Spatial and temporal patterns of mangrove abundance, diversity and functions in the Sundarbans." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8499/.

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Mangroves are a group of woody plants that occur in the dynamic tropical and subtropical intertidal zones. Mangrove forests offer numerous ecosystem services (e.g. nutrient cycling, coastal protection and fisheries production) and support costal livelihoods worldwide. Rapid environmental changes and historical anthropogenic pressures have turned mangrove forests into one of the most threatened and rapidly vanishing habitats on Earth. Yet, we have a restricted understanding of how these pressures have influenced mangrove abundance, composition and functions, mostly due to limited availability of mangrove field data. Such knowledge gaps have obstructed mangrove conservation programs across the tropics. This thesis focuses on the plants of Earth’s largest continuous mangrove forest — the Sundarbans — which is under serious threat from historical and future habitat degradation, human exploitation and sea level rise. Using species, environmental, and functional trait data that I collected from a network of 110 permanent sample plots (PSPs), this thesis aims to understand habitat preferences of threatened mangroves, to explore spatial and temporal dynamics and the key drivers of mangrove diversity and composition, and to develop an integrated approach for predicting functional trait responses of plants under current and potential future environmental scenarios. I found serious detrimental effects of increasing soil salinity and historical tree harvesting on the abundance of the climax species Heritiera fomes. All species showed clear habitat preferences along the downstream-upstream gradient. The magnitude of species abundance responses to nutrients, elevation, and stem density varied between species. Species-specific density maps suggest that the existing protected area network (PAN) does not cover the density hotspots of any of the threatened mangrove species. Using tree data collected from different salinity zones in the Sundarbans (hypo-, meso-, and hypersaline) at four historical time points: 1986, 1994, 1999 and 2014, I found that the hyposaline mangrove communities were the most diverse and heterogeneous in species composition in all historical time points while the hypersaline communities were the least diverse and most homogeneous. I detected a clear trend of declining compositional heterogeneity in all ecological zones since 1986, suggesting ecosystem-wide biotic homogenization. Over the 28 years, the hypersaline communities have experienced radical shifts in species composition due to population increase and range expansion of the disturbance specialist Ceriops decandra and local extinction or range contraction of many endemics including the globally endangered H. fomes. Applying habitat-based biodiversity modelling approach, I found historical tree harvesting, siltation, disease and soil alkalinity as the key stressors that negatively influenced the diversity and distinctness of the mangrove communities. In contrast, species diversity increased along the downstream – upstream, and riverbank — forest interior gradients, suggesting late successional upstream and forest interior communities were more diverse than the early successional downstream and riverbank communities. Like the species density hotspots, the existing PAN does not cover the remaining biodiversity hotspots. Using a novel integrated Bayesian modelling approach, I was able to generate trait-based predictions through simultaneously modelling trait-environment correlations (for multiple traits such as tree canopy height, specific leaf area, wood density and leaf succulence for multiple species, and multiple environmental drivers) and trait-trait trade-offs at organismal, community and ecosystem levels, thus proposing a resolution to the ‘fourth-corner problem’ in community ecology. Applying this approach to the Sundarbans, I found substantial intraspecific trade-offs among the functional traits in many tree species, detrimental effects of increasing salinity, siltation and soil alkalinity on growth related traits and parallel plastic enhancement of traits related to stress tolerance. My model predicts an ecosystem-wide drop in total biomass productivity under all anticipated stress scenarios while the worst stress scenario (a 50% rise in salinity and siltation) is predicted to push the ecosystem to lose 30% of its current total productivity by 2050. Finally, I present an overview of the key results across the work, the study’s limitations and proposals for future work.

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12

Khan, Mohammad Monirul Hasan. "Ecology and conservation of the Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616015.

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13

Singh, S. K. (Sujeet Kumar). "Conservation genetics of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in India." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526215662.

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Abstract Tigers are endangered in the wild and face increasing threats from habitat loss and fragmentation. The majority of their range occurs in the Indian subcontinent, which is therefore a critical area for tiger conservation. Bengal tigers are distributed across many small protected areas in India. Two important Bengal tiger landscapes — Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) and Sundarbans in India were lacking in basic genetic information and needed to address the impact of anthropogenic pressure and climate change on their genetic makeup in order to identify conservation units. Therefore, I employed nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers on TAL and Sundarbans tiger individuals to respond these demands for the first time. Thirty-nine heterologous microsatellite loci were screened on Bengal tigers and thirteen of these loci were selected to genotype Bengal tiger samples from western TAL (WTAL) and Sundarbans. After I had genotyped seventy-one Bengal tiger individuals from WTAL, I found cryptic population genetic structure, moderate gene flow and asymmetric migration among the subpopulation. Genetic diversity was moderate and there were no signs of population bottlenecks. In order to maintain the connectivity of subpopulations and avoid human—wildlife conflict, relocation of villages is necessary. Preventive measures against habitat encroachment and a ban on sand and boulder mining in the corridor area should also be implemented. Noninvasively-collected tiger samples from Sundarbans were analyzed for mitochondrial and microsatellite markers and compared with mainland (northern and peninsular) Bengal tiger populations in India. Sundarbans tigers were found to be genetically distinct and had lower genetic variation in comparison to other mainland tiger populations. Demographic analysis indicated recent historical isolation (600—2000 years ago) of the Sundarbans tiger from the mainland. Both historical and genetic evidence supported that the Sundarbans tiger was genetically connected to other mainland tigers until recently. Conclusively, genetic isolation from the mainland tiger population and adaptation to the mangrove ecosystem might have jointly shaped the genetic architecture of the Sundarbans tiger. Hence, the Sundarbans tiger needs special conservation attention for the preservation of its unique ability to adapt and for its genetic individuality. It should be managed as an evolutionary significant unit (ESU) under the adaptive evolutionary conservation (AEC) criteria. I also addressed a problem in the previously suggested sex-specific gene flow estimation method and recommended an alternative approach for a more precise estimation
Tiivistelmä Tiikeri on nykyisin uhanalainen lajin elinympäristön supistumisen ja pilkkoutumisen vuoksi. Lajin tärkein esiintymisalue on Intian niemimaalla, joka on siten kriittisen tärkeä alue tiikerin suojelun kannalta. Intiantiikereitä esiintyy useilla pienillä suojelualueilla Intiassa. Kaksi tärkeää tiikerin esiintymisaluetta Intiassa ovat Terain kaaren (TAL) alue luoteis-Intiassa sekä Sundarbansin mangrovealue Bangladeshin rajalla. Näiden alueiden tiikereistä ei ole ollut olemassa geneettistä perustietoutta, jota tarvitaan, kun arvioidaan ihmisen toiminnan ja ilmastonmuutoksen aiheuttamia muutoksia tiikeripopulaatioiden geneettisessä koostumuksessa sekä kun määritellään lajin suojelun kannalta merkittäviä luonnonsuojeluyksikköjä. Tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa tutkittiin Terain kaaren ja Sundarbansin alueen tiikereiden geneettistä monimuotoisuutta ja rakennetta sekä tuman että mitokondrion geenimerkkien avulla. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kolmenkymmenyhdeksän tuman geenimerkin (mikrosatelliitin) soveltuvuutta intiantiikerin geneettisiin tutkimuksiin, ja näistä valittiin kolmetoista käytettäväksi läntisen Terain kaaren ja Sundarbansin alueiden tiikereiden geneettisiin tutkimuksiin. Terain kaaren alueelta tutkittiin seitsemänkymmenentäyksi intiantiikerinäytettä. Tulosten perusteella alueella on aikaisemmin havaitsematonta kryptistä populaatiorakennetta. Geenivirtaa eri alapopulaatioiden välillä oli kohtuullisen paljon, mutta se oli epäsymmetristä. Tiikereiden geneettinen monimuotoisuus oli melko suurta eikä geneettisillä menetelmillä havaittu eri alapopulaatioissa merkkejä populaation koon pullonkauloista. Jotta alapopulaatioiden välinen yhdistyneisyys säilyisi jatkossa, joidenkin kylien siirto toisaalle on välttämätöntä. Ihmisten luvaton levittäytyminen tiikerin elinalueita yhdistävillä käytävillä täytyisi saada hallintaan sekä kieltää hiekanotto ja kivenlouhinta. Sundarbansin alueelta ei-invasiivisesti kerätyt tiikerinäytteet tutkittiin sekä tuman että mitokondrion merkkigeenillä ja alueen tiikereiden geneettistä koostumusta verrattiin manner-Intian tiikeripopulaatioiden koostumukseen. Sundarbansin tiikereiden todettiin poikkeavan geneettisesti manneralueen tiikeripopulaatioista ja niiden geneettinen monimuotoisuus oli alhaisempaa kuin manneralueella. Koalesenssisimulaatiohin perustava demografinen analyysi viittasi Sundarbansin tiikereiden suhteellisen viimeaikaiseen (600—2000 vuotta sitten) erkanemiseen manneralueen tiikereistä. Sekä historialliset että geneettiset todisteet tukivat teoriaa, jonka mukaan Sundarbansin tiikereillä olisi ollut yhteyksiä mannermaan tiikereihin aivan viime aikoihin asti. Geneettinen isolaatio mannermaan tiikereistä ja adaptaatio mangrove-ekosysteemiin ovat yhdessä muovanneet Sundarbansin tiikereiden geneettistä arkkitehtuuria. Tämän vuoksi Sundarbansin tiikerit vaativat erityistä suojelua, jotta niiden geneettinen ainutlaatuisuus ja kyky sopeutua erityisolosuhteisiin säilyisivät myös tulevaisuudessa. Populaatiota täytyy hoitaa evolutiivisesti merkittävänä yksikkönä (evolutionary significant unit; ESU) adaptiivisen evolutiivisen suojelun (adaptive evolutionary conservation; AEC) kriteeristön mukaisesti. Tutkimuksessa kiinnitettiin huomiota myös ongelmiin, joita saattoi ilmetä aikaisemmin ehdotetuissa menetelmissä eri sukupuolten kautta kulkevan geenivirran määrän arvioimiseksi ja ehdotettiin vaihtoehtoista menetelmää tarkempien arvioiden saamiseksi

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14

Aziz, Mohammad Abdul. "Population status, threats, and evolutionary conservation genetics of Bengal tigers in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61422/.

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The Sundarbans is a Tiger Conservation Landscape of global priority that supports one of the most important tiger populations across their current range. In Bangladesh, Sundarbans is the last stronghold of the critically endangered tiger, therefore conserving this flagship species will help to ensure the long-term future of the Sundarbans which has been providing significant economic and ecosystem services to human communities for centuries. However, scientific information is lacking on many aspects of the Sundarbans tigers, including population and genetic status, and detailed patterns of tiger and prey poaching. The objectives of this study were therefore to improve the knowledge base to help design better management strategies for long-term persistence of the Sundarbans tigers. As a consequence of challenges faced in applying conventional census methods in the Sundarbans mangrove habitat, a non-invasive genetic approach was applied to collect samples that were then screened using polymorphic microsatellite markers to estimate density and population size of tigers within the spatially explicit capture-recapture model. DNA analyses provided reasonable population estimates, indicating that a non-invasive genetic approach is a viable method for monitoring tigers and can be applied to monitor tiger populations elsewhere. Bayesian and Maximum likelihood inferences using mitochondrial DNA sequences supported a polyphyletic relationship between tiger population in the Sundarbans and the populations in central India. Together, microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed a signal of fine-scale genetic structure and significant genetic differentiation on a spatial scale which is probably the consequence of limited tiger dispersal due to the presence of wide rivers in the Sundarbans landscape. Systematic field survey across sample areas detected a range of snaring methods used to catch tiger prey and evidence of killing tigers by poisoning prey carcasses with the Carbofuran pesticide. Spatial analysis showed that poachers selected sites that tended to be further away from guard posts, and close to river banks. Based on these results, a range of future management interventions were recommended including the reduction of water-based commercial and resource collection activities to allow tiger dispersal, and regulation of Carbofuran and snare materials to better tackle tiger and prey poaching in the Sundarbans.

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Jahan, Amreen. "The effect of salinity in the flora and fauna of the Sundarbans and the impacts on local livelihood." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364971.

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Awal, Mohd Abdul. "Analysis of possible environmental factors causing top-dying in Mangrove forest trees in the Sundarbans in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572441.

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Md, Mizanur Rahman. "Exploring vegetation type, diversity, and carbon stocks in Sundarbans Reserved Forest using high resolution image and inventory data." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242678.

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Sundaram, Reddy Chakkarappan [Verfasser]. "G0S2 impairs ATGL activity and cell cycle progression in murine liver / Reddy Chakkarappan Sundaram." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070913200/34.

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Månsson, Jakob. "Comparative Study of CPU and GPGPU Implementations of the Sievesof Eratosthenes, Sundaram and Atkin." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21111.

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Background. Prime numbers are integers divisible only on 1 and themselves, and one of the oldest methods of finding them is through a process known as sieving. A prime number sieving algorithm produces every prime number in a span, usually from the number 2 up to a given number n. In this thesis, we will cover the three sieves of Eratosthenes, Sundaram, and Atkin. Objectives. We shall compare their sequential CPU implementations to their parallel GPGPU (General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit) counterparts on the matter of performance, accuracy, and suitability. GPGPU is a method in which one utilizes hardware indented for graphics rendering to achieve a high degree of parallelism. Our goal is to establish if GPGPU sieving can be more effective than the sequential way, which is currently commonplace. Method. We utilize the C++ and CUDA programming languages to implement the algorithms, and then extract data regarding their execution time and accuracy. Experiments are set up and run at several sieving limits, with the upper bound set by the memory capacity of available GPU hardware. Furthermore, we study each sieve to identify what characteristics make them fit or unfit for a GPGPU approach. Results. Our results show that the sieve of Eratosthenes is slow and ill-suited for GPGPU computing, that the sieve of Sundaram is both efficient and fit for parallelization, and that the sieve of Atkin is the fastest but suffers from imperfect accuracy. Conclusions. Finally, we address how the lesser concurrent memory capacity available for GPGPU limits the ranges that can be sieved, as compared to CPU. Utilizing the beneficial characteristics of the sieve of Sundaram, we propose a batch-divided implementation that would allow the GPGPU sieve to cover an equal range of numbers as any of the CPU variants.

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Sundaram, Balamurugan [Verfasser]. "Inactive Rhomboid Protease 2 Reduces Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting Proliferation of Hepatic Stellate Cells / Balamurugan Sundaram." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208209671/34.

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Mohana, Sundara Shanmugam Giriram Kumar [Verfasser]. "The Drosophila 7SK snRNP complex is required for synaptic growth and function of motoneurons / Giriram Kumar Mohana Sundara Shanmugam." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196239673/34.

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Sundaram, Aishwarya [Verfasser], and Karin [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller-Decker. "Linking metabolic syndrome and pancreatic cancer through transcriptional regulation and secreted factors from white adipocytes / Aishwarya Sundaram ; Betreuer: Karin Müller-Decker." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177688433/34.

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Sundaram, Srividhya [Verfasser], Christian [Gutachter] Hertweck, Dirk [Gutachter] Hoffmeister, and Neil [Gutachter] Oldham. "Biochemical characterization of a non-canonical branching module of the rhizoxin polyketide synthase / Srividhya Sundaram ; Gutachter: Christian Hertweck, Dirk Hoffmeister, Neil Oldham." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117039891X/34.

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Wodon, Quentin. "Household vulnerability to weather shocks: Case studies on coping, adaptation, and migration from the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241404.

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There is near unanimous agreement in the scientific community that global mean temperatures will increase by several degrees Celsius by the end of the century. This could lead to dramatic consequences, especially for the poor in the developing world. In many countries climate change will manifest itself through reduced rainfall, greater temperature variability, a rise in sea levels, and a higher frequency of weather shocks. These effects constitute threats to people’s ability to continue to live where they are living today, and more generally to their economic security, and may lead to higher levels of migration away from areas vulnerable to climate change.While environmental change may lead to an increase in migration, in most cases it may not be feasible to identify pure environmental migrants because of the complexity of the push and pull factors involved. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the extent to which households are vulnerable today to environmental change and weather shocks in selected areas of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and in South Asia’s Sundarbans, whether households are able to cope with weather shocks and adapt to changing environmental conditions, and whether climatic conditions and weather shocks are leading to higher rates of migration. The dissertation relies in large part on the analysis of new households surveys recently implemented in areas affected by weather shocks and changing climatic conditions in seven countries: Algeria, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Morocco, Syria, and Yemen. While the MENA countries are affected mostly by droughts, and to a lower extent floods, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India are affected by cyclones, sea water surges, and salinity intrusions. The ways in which households are affected by extreme weather events are very different in the MENA and South Asia regions. Yet as the dissertation demonstrates, while circumstances and contexts differ between the two sets of countries, many of the findings are actually similar in both regions. The first part of the dissertation provides background for the empirical work. After a review of the literature, a set of 10 questions are asked together with hypotheses to be tested. The second part of the dissertation provides the empirical results, with three chapters focusing on (1) household perceptions about their environment and the impact of weather shocks on households; (2) the coping mechanisms and adaptation strategies deployed by households; and (3) migration decisions, in most cases by individual household members. The findings from the dissertation suggest that individuals from households more seriously and negatively affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment are slightly more likely to migrate temporarily, but not permanently. This is possibly due to the cost of migration and the fact that environmental change and weather shocks may result in large losses in income and assets for vulnerable groups, making migration less affordable for them. Thus, some population groups may well be in a situation of "relative trappedness" in comparison to other households less affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment._____________La communauté scientifique est quasi unanime sur le fait que les températures mondiales moyennes devraient augmenter de plusieurs degrés Celsius d'ici la fin du siècle. Cela pourrait avoir des conséquences dramatiques pour les populations, en particulier pour les pauvres dans les pays en voie de développement. Dans de nombreux pays le changement climatique va se manifester par une diminution des précipitations, une plus grande variabilité de la température, une élévation du niveau de la mer, et une fréquence plus élevée des chocs climatiques. Ces effets constituent des menaces pour la capacité des populations de continuer à vivre là où elles vivent aujourd'hui, ce qui pourrait par conséquent entraîner des mouvements migratoires importants.Cependant, même si les chocs climatiques pourraient mener à une augmentation de la migration, dans la plupart des cas il n’est pas possible d'identifier des migrants environnementaux dits purs en raison de la complexité des facteurs influençant la migration. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse est triple. La thèse cherche à évaluer (1) dans quelle mesure les ménages sont vulnérables aujourd'hui aux changements environnementaux et aux chocs climatiques dans certaines régions de l'Afrique du Nord, du Moyen-Orient, et de l’Asie du Sud (Sundarbans) ;(2) si les ménages sont en mesure de faire face aux chocs climatiques, et (3) si les conditions environnementales et les chocs climatiques conduisent à des taux de migration plus élevés parmi les membres des ménages les plus affectés comparativement aux ménages moins affectés. La thèse repose en partie sur une analyse de nouvelles données d’enquêtes auprès des ménages mises en œuvre dans des zones touchées par les chocs climatiques dans sept pays :l’Algérie, le Bangladesh, l’Egypte, l’Inde, le Maroc, la Syrie et le Yémen. Alors que les pays du Moyen Orient et d’Afrique du Nord sont touchés principalement par des sécheresses, et dans une moindre mesure par des inondations, la zone géographique dite des Sundarbans au Bangladesh et en Inde est touchée principalement par des cyclones.Bien que les chocs climatiques dans les deux régions soient différents, la thèse montre que les implications pour les ménages sont similaires. Les groupes vulnérables sont fortement et négativement affectés par les chocs climatiques et ils ne sont souvent pas capables de faire face et de s’adapter efficacement à ces chocs. De plus, il semble que les ménages les plus affectés n’aient pas de taux de migration permanente parmi leurs membres plus élevés que les ménages moins affectés, même si les taux de migration temporaire sont légèrement plus élevés. En ce sens, il apparait que les groupes vulnérables pourraient être en termes comparatifs pris au piège (« relative trappedness ») dans les zones vulnérables aux chocs climatiques comme d’autres études l’ont suggéré.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Mohana, Sundaram Sivaraj [Verfasser]. "Contribution of Na+ current regulation to the regulation of Na+K+ATPase isoforms by thyroid hormone in rat neocortical neurons / Sivaraj Mohana Sundaram ; International Graduate School of Neuroscience." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1187520160/34.

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Mandal, Jyotirmoy. "Implementation of integrated rural development programme-A case study of Sundarban, West Bengal." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/859.

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Diyan, Mohammad Abdullah Abu. "Multi-scale vegetation classification using earth observation data of the Sundarban mangrove forest, Bangladesh." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5624.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
This study investigates the potential of using very high resolution (VHR) QuickBird data to conduct vegetation classification of the Sundarban mangrove forest in Bangladesh and compares the results with Landsat TM data. Previous studies of vegetation classification in Sundarban involved Landsat images using pixel-based methods. In this study, both pixelbased and object-based methods were used and results were compared to suggest the preferred method that may be used in Sundarban. A hybrid object-based classification method was also developed to simplify the computationally demanding object-based classification, and to provide a greater flexibility during the classification process in absence of extensive ground validation data. The relation between NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and canopy cover was tested in the study area to develop a method to classify canopy cover type using NDVI value. The classification process was also designed with three levels of thematic details to see how different thematic scales affect the analysis results using data of different spatial resolutions. The results show that the classification accuracy using QuickBird data stays higher than that of Landsat TM data. The difference of classification accuracy between QuickBird and Landsat TM remains low when thematic details are low, but becomes progressively pronounced when thematic details are higher. However, at the highest level of thematic details, the classification was not possible to conduct due to a lack of appropriate ground validation data.(...)

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Akhter, Mariam [Verfasser]. "Remote sensing for developing an operational monitoring scheme for the Sundarban Reserved Forest, Bangladesh / Mariam Akhter." 2006. http://d-nb.info/982178700/34.

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Awal, M. A., William H. G. Hale, and Ben Stern. "Trace element concentrations in mangrove sediments in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4735.

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Islam, Md Shafi Noor [Verfasser]. "Cultural landscape changing due to anthropogenic influences on surface water and threats to mangrove wetland ecosystems : a case study on the Sundarbans, Bangladesh / by Shafi Noor Islam." 2008. http://d-nb.info/992460085/34.

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