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Journal articles on the topic 'Sundials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 June 2025

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1

Schewe, Roland, and John Davis. "Time on a Tablet: Early Ivory Sundials Incorporating Wax Writing Tablets." Early Science and Medicine 24, no. 3 (2019): 213–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00243p01.

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Abstract This article offers the first comprehensive study of a newly discovered type of medieval sundial made of ivory which might well be the precursor of the well-known diptych dial form made from ivory and wood. These sundials are unique for the combination with a wax writing tablet (tabula cerata) on the reverse side, such as has been deployed as a reusable and portable writing surface in Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. Three previously unpublished examples of this type of sundial have been located in Germany, Italy and England. This article gives a detailed analysis of the sundials and the underlying construction principles, including considerations from the history of science, chronology and cultural history in order to answer the questions of where, when and by whom these sundials were made.

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2

Somerville, Andrew R. "The ancient sundials of Scotland." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 117 (November 30, 1988): 233–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.117.233.264.

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An update of an 1890 article about sundials in Scotland by Thomas Ross, including an updated catalogue of Scottish sundials. The article describes the different styles of sundial found in Scotland and speculates on the dates in which these designs may have been fashionable during the 17th and 18th centuries. The author then considers the reasons why Scotland might have developed such a strong interest in sundials during this period, including the potential influence of European styles and the impact of Renaissance and Calvinist thought.

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3

Tadic, Milutin, and Zorica Prnjat. "Self-orienting armillary dial of the Professor Radovan Danic." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 100, no. 1 (2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2001073t.

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Prof. Radovan Danic, PhD (1893-1979), an honorary lifetime President of the Astronomical Society Rudjer Boskovic in Belgrade, owned a brass universal equinoctial ring sundial (98 mm in diameter), preserved by his descendants, who continued his work on popularizing astronomy through the activities of the society. The sundial (ring dial) was measured, tested and compared to similar portable sundials (pocket sundials) exhibited in various European museums. In the classification scheme, along with the Parmenion?s and astronomical rings, it belongs to a group of pocket armillary sundials that do not require a compass. More precisely, it is a self-orienting armillary sundial whose rings are located under the circles of the celestial sphere of the same name at the moment of measurement. Therefore, when the apparent solar time is known, it turns into a solar compass. A corresponding sundial on the horizon to the self-orienting armillary sundial is the analemmatic sundial. The construction of a self-orienting armillary sundial was first described in the late 16th century by the English mathematician William Oughtred (1574-1660). In collaboration with the gnomonists from England and Austria, we determined where and when Professor Danic?s sundial was constructed: Vienna, second quarter of the 18th century. Originally, the sundial was adjusted for the latitude of Belgrade or Zemun (nowadays, a Belgrade municipality), which were under the Austrian rule for a long time during the 18th century. It is a beautiful, well-crafted, well-preserved, expensive sundial and astronomical instrument that should be kept in a museum, in the first place in the Museum of Astronomy of the Astronomical Observatory in Belgrade.

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4

Kibble, Bob. "Sundials in London - Linking architecture and astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 162 (1998): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100114691.

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Following the inclusion of Astronomy in the revised National Science Curriculum for England and Wales the Association for Astronomy Education, AAE, embarked on a programme of in-service training workshops for teachers to help them to understand the new ideas and deliver the new curriculum. Teacher confidence and knowledge has been the greatest challenge to establishing astronomy in school curricula. As part of the the AAE team I gave presentations on a host of activities including simple cut and paste sundials for pupil projects. We are now seven years on from the revised Science Curriculum and my interest in sundials has stepped up a gear. I have developed an interest in real dials, both studying existing dials and making dials for the homes of friends and families and for schools. This presentation, which has as its focus, the sundial as an architectural feature, uses slides I have taken of some of the dials to be seen in the central London area including some of my own.

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5

Hindmarsh, Alan C., Peter N. Brown, Keith E. Grant, et al. "SUNDIALS." ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 31, no. 3 (2005): 363–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1089014.1089020.

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6

Okasha, Elizabeth. "Anglo-Saxon Sundials." Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 22 (2020): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/9781789697865-6.

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This paper lists and discusses all known Anglo-Saxon stone sundials in the light of recent work published on Anglo- Saxon and Romanesque sculpture. Typical features of these sundials are given, including differences between the sundials and the ‘scratch dials’, the latter being more numerous and largely of post-Conquest date. The function and working of the sundials, and the systems of time-measurement used on them, are described and discussed. The second half of the paper discusses the twelve Anglo-Saxon stone sundials which contain an inscribed text, considering in particular the nature of the texts and the vocabulary employed. This vocabulary is compared with time-measurement vocabulary used in contemporary manuscripts. Finally the question is addressed as to why Anglo-Saxon sundials are always found in association with churches.

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7

Bokor, Nándor. "CD sundials." Physics Education 53, no. 1 (2017): 015019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/aa9230.

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8

Zieliński, Jan. "Poeta przed kompasem." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 9 (2022): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2022.9.25.

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The paper discusses the importance of the motif of clocks and sundials in the biography of the Eighteens century poet Franiszek Dionizy Kniaźnin and shows various stages of an image – in subsequent Polish poetry and prose – of this poet, deranged in his late years, after the fall of the independent Poland, as he used to stand for hours in front of a sundial, staring at the movement of the shadow and contemplating the arrival of his own end as well. This presentation covers a period of more than 170 years.

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9

Bourke, Timothy, Jun Inoue, and Marc Pouzet. "Sundials/ML: Connecting OCaml to the Sundials Numeric Solvers." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 285 (December 31, 2018): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.285.4.

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10

Carlini, Enrico, Maria Virginia Catalisano, and Anthony V. Geramita. "3-dimensional sundials." Central European Journal of Mathematics 9, no. 5 (2011): 949–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11533-011-0054-7.

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11

Stern, David P. "Sundials and Compasses." Physics Teacher 41, no. 7 (2003): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1616474.

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12

Hindmarsh, Alan, and Radu Serban. "Sundials equation solvers." Scholarpedia 2, no. 3 (2007): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.2860.

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13

Lloyd, Steven A. "Book Review: Nuremberg Sundials, the Ivory Sundials of Nuremberg, 1500–1700." Journal for the History of Astronomy 20, no. 3 (1989): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182868902000309.

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14

Lloyd, Steven A. "Book Review: Sundials in the Whipple Museum, Sundials and Related Instruments." Journal for the History of Astronomy 21, no. 2 (1990): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182869002100208.

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15

Mills, Allan. "Robert Hooke's ‘universal joint’ and its application to sundials and the sundial-clock." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 61, no. 2 (2007): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2006.0172.

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Robert Hooke is commonly thought of as the inventor of ‘Hooke's joint’ or the ‘universal joint’. However, it is shown that this flexible coupling (based on a four-armed cross pivoted between semicircular yokes attached to two shafts) was in fact known long before Hooke's time but was always assumed to give an output exactly matching that of the input shaft. Hooke carefully measured the relative displacements of the two axes, and found that if one were inclined to the other, uniform rotation of the input produced a varying rate of rotation of the output. He also recognized that this variable rate exactly corresponded to the movement of the shadow of a gnomon across the face of a sundial, as generated by the projection of the uniform motion of the Sun around an inclined polar axis. He therefore proposed that a ‘mechanical sundial’ might be made by coupling a 24-hour clock movement (with its hour shaft at the appropriate inclination) to a pointer via a universal joint. This proposal has been investigated both practically and mathematically, and shown to be valid. Hooke's studies of the universal joint caused it to be identified with his name, and it has ultimately proved far more important as a rotary coupling than as a sundial analogue. More complex versions subsequently designed by Hooke included provision for two basic couplings to be linked by an intermediate shaft. With appropriate setting of phase and shaft angles this ‘double Hooke's joint’ could annul the variable output velocity characteristic of the single universal. It has proved invaluable for modern automotive transmissions.

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16

Hannah, Robert. "More ancient Greek sundials." Journal for the History of Astronomy 52, no. 3 (2021): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00218286211011272.

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17

Hungerbühler, Norbert. "Another design for sundials." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 27, no. 4 (1996): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020739960270402.

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18

Savoie, Denis. "Book Review: The ‘Navicula’ Sundial: Monks, Manuscripts and Sundials: The Navicula in Medieval England." Journal for the History of Astronomy 43, no. 1 (2012): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182861204300109.

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19

Perea-Álvarez de Eulate, Martín, Gloria Del Río-Cidoncha, and Francisco Montes-Tubío. "Reading Errors in Sundials with Incorrect Hour Lines: The Seventeenth-Century Sundial in Lerma." Nexus Network Journal 20, no. 2 (2018): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-018-0387-7.

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20

PEDERSEN, OLAF. "A Few Notes on Sundials." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 500, no. 1 From Deferent (1987): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37208.x.

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21

Johansson, B. Tomas. "Construction of sundials via vectors." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (2018): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020739x.2018.1480810.

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22

ONO, Yukio. "Mega-Sundials of the World." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 111, no. 1078 (2008): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.111.1078_748.

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23

Zeiler, Michael D. "On sundials, springs, and atoms." Behavioural Processes 44, no. 2 (1998): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00042-4.

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24

Anoop, P. D. "Sundials: Ancestors of our clocks." Resonance 16, no. 1 (2011): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-011-0005-4.

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25

Kremer, Richard. "Sundials and Related Instruments. David J. BrydenThe Ivory Sundials of Nuremberg, 1500-1700. Penelope Gouk." Isis 81, no. 1 (1990): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/355275.

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26

Symons, Sarah, and Himanshi Khurana. "A Catalogue of Ancient Egyptian Sundials." Journal for the History of Astronomy 47, no. 4 (2016): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828616675962.

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27

Pagliano, Alessandra, Angelo Triggianese, and Luca Santoro. "Geometry and the Restoration of Ancient Sundials: Camera Obscura Sundials in Cava de’ Tirreni and Pizzofalcone." Nexus Network Journal 19, no. 1 (2016): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-016-0318-4.

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28

Thibodeau, Philip. "ANAXIMANDER'S SPARTAN SUNDIAL." Classical Quarterly 67, no. 2 (2017): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838817000507.

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As the author of the earliest secular account of the universe's formation, Anaximander of Miletus can lay a strong claim to the title of first Greek cosmologist. Tradition also credited him with invention of the first time-telling instruments: ‘He was the first to constructgnomonsfor the identification of solstices, time spans,horaiand the equinox’ (οὗτος πρῶτος γνώμονας κατεσκεύασε πρὸς διάγνωσιν τροπῶν τε ἡλίου καὶ χρόνων καὶ ὡρῶν καὶ ἰσημερίας, Euseb.Praep. evang. 10.14.11). This paper reconstructs the location, design and function of a γνώμων which he erected at Sparta, and moots some intriguing parallels with the Augustan Horologium on the Campus Martius. Before we turn to the evidence, however, two points of terminology need to be clarified. The Greek term γνώμων can denote either a sundial—a pointer attached to a surface with marks for tracking its shadow—or the pointer itself, in English also called the gnomon; Eusebius’ reference to the identification of times suggests that what Anaximander created was in fact a sundial. Now, depending on its design, a sundial can tell either the hour of the day, the season of the year, or both; from Eusebius’ text it is not clear which function Anaximander's dial possessed, since the noun ὧραι can mean either ‘hours’ or ‘seasons’. But only one usage of the word would be appropriate for the sixth century: no authors refer to hours of the day prior to Herodotus (2.109) and there is no evidence for Greek sundials displaying hours prior toc.350b.c.; by contrast, the use of ὥρα to mean ‘season of the year’ is as old as Homer and Hesiod, and the solstices and equinoxes mentioned by Eusebius demarcate the transitions between the seasons. Anaximander's device was a sundial, then, one which tracked seasons rather than hours. According to Diogenes Laertius, the cosmologist set up one such device at Sparta (2.1).

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29

Maslikov, Sergei J. "The Greek portable sundial from Memphis rediscovered." Journal for the History of Astronomy 52, no. 3 (2021): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00218286211033068.

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Experts studying antique astronomic instruments are well aware of a small class of so-called portable sundials from the Roman Empire. Over the past few decades, they have been considered in several important publications, including a recent book by Richard J. A. Talbert, in which he systematized the available information. Talbert and earlier J. V. Field described eight portable sundials of a “geographical” type, dating from about 2nd–4th centuries. Five are inscribed in Greek, the other three in Latin. The list of Greek dials also contains a dial from Memphis, information about which has been very scarce so far. Some authors even considered it lost. Fortunately, this instrument is stored in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg) and now we have an opportunity to study it more closely.

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30

Fritsch, Bernhard, Elisabeth Rinner, and Gerd Graßhoff. "3D Models of Ancient Sundials: A Comparison." International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 2, no. 3 (2013): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.2.3.361.

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31

Mills, Allan A. "Altitude sundials for seasonal and equal hours." Annals of Science 53, no. 1 (1996): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00033799600200121.

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32

Falconer, K. J. "Digital sundials, paradoxical sets, and vitushkin’s conjecture." Mathematical Intelligencer 9, no. 1 (1987): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03023569.

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33

Mersmann, Jasmin. "Moving Shadows, Moving Sun." Nuncius 30, no. 1 (2015): 96–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03001005.

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Irrespective of geo- or heliocentric presuppositions, the functioning of sundials is based on the observation of moving shadows or light spots. Even though the cast shadow was often simply used to indicate the time, it could also remind the users of the ephemerality of earthly things or function as an index of planetary movements. This article examines the various ways in which early modern sundials visually interpret the moving shadow or light spot. The instruments address the shadow in inscriptions, integrate it into their design (e.g. in cruciform dials) or even manipulate its course (as in the so-called Horologium Ahaz). Both the crucifix and the Ahaz dials not only refer to astronomical miracles but actually restage them. Even though by means of the horologium it was not possible to explain the Old Testament miracle of the shadow moving backward, adepts were able to recreate it on a terrestrial scale.

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34

Yevgenia Mihaylovna, Lupanova, and Yastrebinskiy Grigiriy Borisovich. "Peter the Great’s scientific instruments in the collections of Kunstkamera." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 2 (55) (2023): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2023-2-35-43.

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The history of modern collections of MAE (Kunstkamera) RAS roots to Peter the Great’s private gatherings. However, the ascertainment of correlation of modern museum objects with the ones which were in the museum in the first quarter of the 18th century demands complicated research – work with the objects, archival documents and historiographical background. Results of this kind of work with scientific instruments are presented in the current article. The research leads to the conclusion that seven objects presented at modern expositions can be surely determined as originating from Peter the Great’s collections: the Great Gottorf (Academic) globe, armillary sphere, lens, two sundials, goniometer and protractor. Twenty-five more instruments can be also associated with Peter the Great’s collections, but the discovery of additional documentary evidence is hardly possible. They are compasses, telescopes, backstaff and a row of drawing instruments (compasses, protractors, rulers, angles, levels and pens). Some museum objects (such as B. Scott’s boussole and N. G. Chizhov’s sundial) came to the memorial Emperor’s cabinet in the second half of the 18th – first half of the 19th century by mistake, they could not be made in the first quarter of the 18th century.

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35

Wickham-Jones, Caroline R., John Hunter, J. S. Rideout, Laurence Flanagan, Andrew R. Somerville, and Geoffrey Stell. "Lecture summaries." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 117 (November 30, 1988): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.117.359.366.

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Seven lecture summaries:Rhum: the excavationsFrom Neolithic to Viking – excavations at Pool, Sanday, OrkneyExcavation of an Iron-Age fort at The Dunion, RoxburghshireThe Spanish Armada: its Irish legacyThe ancient sundials of ScotlandBuildings of St KildaThe use of bloodstone on the island of Rhum, Scotland, and beyond

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36

Dunn, Richard. "Book Review: More Than a Catalogue of Sundials." Journal for the History of Astronomy 51, no. 1 (2020): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828619900815.

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37

Todd, W. David, and Peggy Aldrich Kidwell. "Ivory Diptych Sundials, 1570-1750. Steven A. Lloyd." Isis 84, no. 3 (1993): 583–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/356590.

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38

Locher, Kurt. "Two Greco-Roman Sundials from Alexandria and Dion." Journal for the History of Astronomy 24, no. 4 (1993): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182869302400406.

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39

Taub, Liba. "Book Review: Diptych Sundials: Ivory Diptych Sundials 1570–1750: A Catalogue of the Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments, Harvard University." Journal for the History of Astronomy 25, no. 1 (1994): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182869402500108.

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40

Mrozek, Tomasz, Sylwester Kołomański, Grzegorz Żakowicz, et al. "Astro tourism: Astro Izery project." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (2012): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314013209.

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AbstractThe Astro Izery project is carried by several institutions from Poland and Czech Republic. Its aim is to educate and inform tourists, who visit the Izery Mountains, about astronomy and light pollution. The project consists of two activities: permanent (sundials, planetary path etc.) and periodic (meetings, workshops). After five years the project is in good health and will gain more elements in next years.

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41

Jenny Doughty, M.A. "Poems: Hunters in the Snow, When Bedrock Crumbles, Sundials." Gestalt Review 12, no. 2 (2008): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/gestaltreview.12.2.0187.

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42

Plachetka, Uwe Christian. "Sundials for Urban Farming in an Early Inca City." Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 3 (2014): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2014.020305.

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43

Mandea, Mioara, and Monika Korte. "Ancient Sundials and Maps Reveal Historical Geomagnetic Declination Values." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 88, no. 31 (2007): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007eo310002.

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44

Tomalin, Marcus. "‘the most perfect instrument’: Reassessing Sundials in Romantic Literature." Romanticism 21, no. 1 (2015): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2015.0213.

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45

Lupanova, Ye M. "THE «ALTERNATIVE» MEANS OF USAGE OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS IN RUSSIA OF THE 18TH CENTURY." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 03, no. 07 (2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-03-118-128.

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The 18th century was marked by the appearance of a great number of unusual objects in Russia. Besides military ships, wardrobes and beds, wigs and Holland-fashioned suites they were all kinds of scientific instruments – compasses, astrolabes, sundials, clocks, bisecting dividers, electrostatic machines etс. They were visible and tangible signs of western culture, processes of Russian modernization and westernization. And besides the obvious for us today means of usage they had some other ones. Many instruments were multi-faceted. As a rule they all were rear and expensive things, hand-made by individual order in just few or even the only exemplar. Not everyone could use them. So the instruments demonstrated the high level of education and the high social status of the possessor. The instruments were used for entertainment both at the court and for general public. This kind of court activities was an important tool of attracting attention and state investments to the scientific researches. Clocks, sundials and telescopes played diplomatic role as gifts both on the level of transnational communication and on the local one (the establishment of good relations between arriving expeditions and local authorities). At last local peasants preserved the strange objects possessed by alien-dressed men as a super-modern weapon of pillage.

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46

Lupanova, Ye M. "THE «ALTERNATIVE» MEANS OF USAGE OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS IN RUSSIA OF THE 18TH CENTURY." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 03, no. 07 (2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-03-118-128.

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The 18th century was marked by the appearance of a great number of unusual objects in Russia. Besides military ships, wardrobes and beds, wigs and Holland-fashioned suites they were all kinds of scientific instruments – compasses, astrolabes, sundials, clocks, bisecting dividers, electrostatic machines etс. They were visible and tangible signs of western culture, processes of Russian modernization and westernization. And besides the obvious for us today means of usage they had some other ones. Many instruments were multi-faceted. As a rule they all were rear and expensive things, hand-made by individual order in just few or even the only exemplar. Not everyone could use them. So the instruments demonstrated the high level of education and the high social status of the possessor. The instruments were used for entertainment both at the court and for general public. This kind of court activities was an important tool of attracting attention and state investments to the scientific researches. Clocks, sundials and telescopes played diplomatic role as gifts both on the level of transnational communication and on the local one (the establishment of good relations between arriving expeditions and local authorities). At last local peasants preserved the strange objects possessed by alien-dressed men as a super-modern weapon of pillage.

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47

Vandyck, M. A. "A unified and general treatment of solar calendars and sundials." European Journal of Physics 22, no. 1 (2001): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/22/1/308.

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48

Wright, M. T. "Greek and Roman Portable Sundials An Ancient Essay in Approximation." Archive for History of Exact Sciences 55, no. 2 (2000): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004070000024.

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49

STEPHENSON, BRUCE. "THE DEREK PRICE ARCHIVE AT THE ADLER PLANETARIUM." Nuncius 16, no. 2 (2001): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539101x00668.

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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The scholarly legacy of Derek Price resides in two archives one at La Villette near Paris and one at the Adler Planetarium Astronomy Museum in Chicago. The Adler archive is primarily photographic, comprising several thousand prints and hundreds of slides, lantern slides, and large-format transparencies. The largest subject categories are Astrolabes and Sundials. In addition to this photography, the archive includes sketches and photographs of the Antikythera mechanism and a written appraisal of the Adler collection circa 1960.

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Kim, Sang-Hyuk, Ki-Won Lee, and Yong-Sam Lee. "A Study on the Sundials of the Kang Family of Jinju." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 27, no. 2 (2010): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2010.27.2.161.

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