Journal articles on the topic 'Sundsvall'

Mit der Erforschung zur Nutzung von Biomasse für viele verschiedene Endprodukte beschäftigt sich Valmet seit Jahren. Aufgrund des gestiegenen Kundeninteresses etablierte die Firma ein neues Geschäftsfeld in Sundsvall: „Biomass Conversion“ mit einer speziellen Pilot Anlage, um bis zu 3 t/Tag unterschiedlichster Typen Pflanzen-basierter Biomasse zu verarbeiten. Diese werden von Kunden aus Europa, Asien, Amerika und Afrika nach Schweden geschickt.

The city FEEDS the city and FERTILIZES the countryside: sustainable food production The circular and sustainable food production system of the future is already here. FaaS - Farming as a Service has been launched in Sweden through ICA Maxi in Sundsvall. GreenFood, together with Agtira, is making a major joint investment in urban farming with vertical farms in Sweden. The basis for this sustainable development is innovative FoodTech companies as JUMO, SentianAI, Solserv and Ekobalans. Technologies for producing fish and vegetables safely and sustainably in closed systems, as well as taking advantage of and refining valuable residual flows in our cities.

ABSTRACT The Kauffmann-White scheme for serotyping Salmonella recognizes 46 somatic (O) antigen groups, which together with detection of the flagellar (H) antigens form the basis for serotype identification. Although serotyping has become an invaluable typing method for epidemiological investigations of Salmonella, it does have some practical limitations. We have been characterizing the genes required for O and H antigen biosynthesis with the goal of developing a DNA-based system for the determination of serotype in Salmonella. The majority of the enzymes involved in O antigen biosynthesis are encoded by the rfb gene cluster. We report the sequencing of the rfb region from S. enterica serotype Sundsvall (serogroup O:6,14). The S. enterica serotype Sundsvall rfb region is 8.4 kb in length and comprises six open reading frames. When compared with other previously characterized rfb regions, the serogroup O:6,14 sequence is most related to serogroup C1. On the basis of DNA sequence similarity, we identified two genes from the mannose biosynthetic pathway, two mannosyl transferase genes, the O unit flippase gene and, possibly, the O antigen polymerase. The whole cluster is derived from a low-G+C-content organism. Comparative sequencing of an additional serogroup O:6,14 isolate (S. enterica serotype Carrau) revealed a highly homologous sequence, suggesting that O antigen factors O:24 and O:25 (additional O factors associated with serogroup O:6,14) are encoded outside the rfb gene cluster. We developed a serogroup O:6,14-specific PCR assay based on a region of the putative wzx (O antigen flippase) gene. This provides the basis for a sensitive and specific test for the rapid identification of Salmonella serogroup O:6,14.

What were teachers’ allotted farms, and what were they for? This study aims to answer these questions by examining these farms in nineteenth century Sweden, and their role in the expansion of the elementary school system in 1838–1900. Focusing on the allotted farms of the Sundsvall region, this article analyses how these farms provided teachers with fields and meadows, as well as outhouses such as cowsheds, bakehouses and cellars. This article argues that these farms made schooling more affordable for the school districts, primarily in the first two decades after the Elementary School Act of 1842. Allotted farms were often inexpensive to acquire and maintain, not least owing to the agricultural and maintenance work that the teachers carried out, and yielded an annual return that reduced the taxation needed to operate the school districts. This, in turn, facilitated the expansion of schooling.

This article investigates the impact of industrialization and urbanization on the migration patterns of elderly Swedish men and women in the town of Sundsvall during the nineteenth century. The geographical mobility of old men and women increased as industrialization proceeded. Social ties were important factors in the decision to migrate, and the study investigates in particular the significance of social networks for childless old persons. This analysis also examines migration patterns among elderly men and women of different social groups. Very few childless men seem to have moved to live with a relative, whereas a higher proportion of migrating women in this category had some kinship network. A similar pattern was found among widowers and widows. There was also a class dimension: relatives seem to have been most important for the group of women belonging to the petty bourgeoisie.

Using multiple sources, this study identifies women's intergenerational social mobility to a greater degree than most other studies on the topic. It examines the status of the fathers of women who ran a business or craft in a Swedish town that witnessed rapid urban–industrial transformations. Whereas only 15 per cent of the businesswomen and 12 per cent of the craftswomen were the daughters of business- or craftsmen, the businesswomen in particular had through their trade been able to improve their social status. The results suggest that these women benefited from the commercial opportunities of their time and not from having a father in business.

ABSTRACTThe Swedish population is one of the oldest in the world with the consequence that the country has a very high proportion of long-term institutional beds to meet the care needs of elderly people. Studies of the pathways to institutional care showed that alternative home care options had been given too little consideration and that a quarter of residents could have been satisfactorily supported in the community. The Sundsvall Intervention Programme was based upon a distribution of these research findings to institutions and practitioners, followed by a joint training programme on assessment and resource allocation. The first phase of the intervention yielded an unrealised potential for elderly people to remain at home; but it met continuing resistance from professionals and kin. The exercise indicates the need to combine service innovation with locally relevant systems which engage all of the interested parties – elderly people, their relatives, care providers, service managers and politicians.

The increasing adoption of battery storage units alongside private PV systems may prove to be a new challenge for distribution grid operators. This study explored the potential impact of marketing aggregated battery discharge power as a Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) and its effect on the distribution grid stability. We investigated the efficacy of Line Voltage Regulators (LVRs) in mitigating voltage surges caused by simultaneous battery activation. For this purpose, a simulation was developed via Matlab (Version R2023a) to simulate the voltage at the nodes of an arbitrary distribution grid, using the feed-in and consumed power of the customers as the input. We applied the model to a distribution grid section in Sundsvall (Sweden). The results confirmed that LVRs can amplify voltage surges when their adjustments are not synchronized with the FFR activation. This study underscored the need for proactive measures to address the voltage maintenance challenges arising from the integration of battery storage units and renewable energy sources.

Quoique le taux de mortalité général ne cesse de décliner pour l'ensemble de la Suède, après 1810, certains groupes d'ôge ne présentent pas ce modèle de comportement. La mortalité des enfants augmente en effet – particulièrement de 1 à 10 ans – après 1850. Cet accroissement est en partie attribué à des épidémies de diphtérie. Cet article s'attache à présenter la législation en matière de santé publique en Suède à cette époque, en particulier à l'egard des maladies infectieuses, et étudie deux villes, Sundsvall et Göteborg, qui furent l'objet de sévères épidémies de diphtérie. La législation imposait que soient présentés des rapports réguliers à l'administration centrale. Néanmoins, on voit varier d'une ville à l'autre aussi bien les dispositions prises pour les hôpitaux spécialisés dans les maladies infectieuses que les mesures d'isolation des malades contagieux et les modalités de désinfection des maisons touchées par l'épidémie ou plus tard le recours à des serum traitants. En conclusion nous posons la question de savoir si l'opinion publique s'est émue de cet accroissement de la mortalité enfantine.

Historically, little is known about whether and to what extent disabled people found work and formed families. To fill this gap, this study analyses the life course trajectories of both disabled and non-disabled individuals, between the ages of 15 and 33, from the Sundsvall region in Sweden during the nineteenth century. Having access to micro-data that report disabilities in a population of 8,874 individuals from the parish registers digitised by the Demographic Data Base, Umeå University, we employ sequence analysis on a series of events that are expected to occur in life of young adults: getting a job, marrying and becoming a parent, while also taking into account out-migration and death. Through this method we obtain a holistic picture of the life course of disabled people. Main findings show that their trajectories did not include work or family to the same extent as those of non-disabled people. Secondary findings concerning migration and mortality indicate that the disabled rarely out-migrated from the region, and they suffered from premature deaths. To our knowledge this is the first study to employ sequence analysis on a substantially large number of cases to provide demographic evidence of how disability shaped human trajectories in the past during an extended period of life. Accordingly, we detail our motivation for this method, describe our analytical approach, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with sequence analysis for our case study.

Our study aims to find how disability affected human health in historical time through an examination of individuals' mortality risks and death causes. Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB) enable us to account for a relatively high number of persons reported to have disabilities, and to compare them with a group of non-disabled cases. The findings concern a 19th-century population of 35,610 individuals in the Sundsvall region, Sweden, and show that disability increased the premature mortality risk substantially. Disability seems to have jeopardized men’s survival in particular, and perhaps due to gendered expectations concerning the type of work men and women became less able to perform when disabled. Our study of death causes indicates that their deaths were less characterized by infectious diseases than among the non-disabled group, as a possible consequence of lower exposure to infections due to the way in which disability could impede opportunities for interaction with peers in the community. In all, our mortality findings suggest that disability was associated with poor living conditions and limited possibilities to participate in work and social life, which further tend to have accumulated across life and resulted in ill health indicated by premature death.

Waterfront areas in cities are subject to constant changes. The desire to integrate the transformed waterside areas with the urban fabric involves shaping high-quality public spaces related to water, which are often referred to as urban blue spaces (UBS). The aim of the research was to examine the transformation processes of urban waterfront areas in the Baltic Sea Region and identify emerging transition models and types of blue public spaces. The methodological framework of this study is based on qualitative analysis of urban form with respect to coastal and riverine waters. An introductory analysis of 50 cases of transformations was conducted, and 12 were selected for further investigation: Tallinn, Pärnu (Estonia), Copenhagen, Køge, Aarhus (Denmark), Helsinki, Turku (Finland), Stockholm, Malmö, Luleå, Sundsvall, and Ystad (Sweden). As the outcome of the study, the authors indicate that the existing hard land–water interfaces were transformed into soft transition zones where new types of blue public spaces were created with different relationships to water. Synergies were identified between public space design, flood protection measures, and climate adaptation schemes. Finally, the findings highlight the need to verify the existing planning regulations and make them more flexible and effective in guiding the sustainable waterfront design processes.

The StormTac Web model, representing a low-complexity conceptual model (LCCM), was applied to two urban catchments featuring stormwater quality controls, a stormwater pond or a biofilter. The model calculates annual average runoff from annual precipitation and land-use specific volumetric runoff coefficients and baseflows (in storm sewers), which are multiplied by the corresponding mean stormwater quality constituent concentrations obtained from the recently upgraded StormTac Database, to yield constituent loads. The resulting runoff loads pass through the stormwater quality control facilities (a stormwater pond or a biofilter) where treatment takes place and its efficacy is described by “reduction efficiencies”. For the four selected stormwater quality constituents (TP, Cu, Zn, TSS) and two study catchments, a 201-ha residential Ladbrodammen and an 8.2-ha Sundsvall traffic corridor, the compositions of stormwater entering and leaving the control facilities were calculated by StormTac Web and compared against the measured data. In general, the calculated concentrations were smaller than the measured ones, and these differences were reduced, but not eliminated in all cases, by considering uncertainties in both calculated and measured data. Uncertainties in calculated values consisted of two components, a flow component (assumed as 20%) and a concentration component, which was assumed equal to the relative standard error (RSE) of the data in the StormTac Database. Explanations of differences in calculated and measured stormwater data were discussed with respect to temporal changes and trends in environmental practices and stormwater quality monitoring and enhancement by treatment.

Maternal mortality remains a cause of legitimate concern in developing parts of the world where rates often exceed 650 per 100,000 live births—at least twenty times higher than in the developed world, and appears impervious to all efforts to reduce it. Overwhelming poverty, insufficient health care, and the paucity of well-developed and thoroughly integrated programmes to reduce maternal mortality help ensure that these rates are comparable to, if not actually higher than, those found in some of the most unhealthy European cities and regions of the nineteenth century.

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the lives of criminal offenders prior to their incarceration in past time. Knowing the background of offenders, however, may explain why they broke the law. This article explores young offenders in the Sundsvall region of Sweden, 400 kilometres north of Stockholm, an area with a booming sawmill-based economy in nineteenth-century Sweden. First, using prison registers, large-scale structural concepts are employed to explain the increasing number of incarcerations of young people reported during the period 1840–1880. Second, to uncover the offenders' demographic backgrounds and their socio-economic circumstances when arrested, they are identified in Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB) at Umeå University. These sources permit the application of retrospective life-course perspectives that are increasingly applied in modern criminology. These perspectives show that offenders were not primarily migrants or of poor origin, but that they frequently came from the region. Thus their parents were often also present in the community. In providing informal social control these characteristics – being local and having at least one parent nearby – are thought to lead to lower levels of criminality and imprisonment, but they were of little effect in preventing crime or incarceration. This study thus challenges the view of the criminal in past time as a lone individual arrested in an unfamiliar settings. Among the few female offenders observed, however, these factors were more typical; although gender accounts for low levels of criminality, their isolation and poverty did lead some women to theft.

Abstract Leaching behaviour is an important evidence of soil quality. The assessment of leaching of heavy metals from the contaminated soil is vital for environmental applications. However, leaching may differ in soil stabilised by various ratios of binders. In this study we measured leaching behaviour of soil contaminated by As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, methyl Hg, aliphatic compounds of hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). To evaluate leaching of these substances we tested the effects of changed amount of binder (120 kg and 150 kg) and binder ratios (70/30 %, 50/50 % and 30/70 %) added to soil samples. Soil was dredged from several stations in Ostrand area, SCA Sundsvall Ortvikens Pappersbruk. The results demonstrated a systematically decreasing leaching with the increased slag. The contribution of this research include: (i) devising systematic approach to extract information on leaching from stabilised soil collected from the coastal area of Bothnian Bay, (ii) developing a workflow for stabilising soils by various combination of Portland cement Basement CEM II/A-V (SS EN 197-1) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Bremen type (SS EN 15167-1), (iii) determining water ratio and density for the untreated and stabilised soil and performing comparative analysis, (iv) evaluating chemical content of pollutants and toxic elements in the aggregated soil samples. Treatment of the contaminated soil by binders improved its parameters by the increased strength and decreased leaching of heavy metals and toxic elements.

Abstract Purpose To investigate if patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) had an increased risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) and to evaluate when these events occur on a timeline starting from 6 months pre-cystectomy, during NAC-administration and 60 months post-cystectomy. Methods Two hundred and fifty five patients undergoing radical cystectomy during 2009–2014 at three Swedish cystectomy centers (Umeå, Linköping and Sundsvall) were in-detail reviewed retrospectively, using individual medical records. One hundred and twenty nine patients were ineligible for analysis. NAC patients (n = 67) were compared to NAC-naïve NAC-eligible patients (n = 59). The occurrence of TEE was divided into different periods pre-cystectomy and post-cystectomy. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared and logistical regression tests. Results Significant associations were found between receiving NAC and acquiring a TEE during NAC therapy pre-cystectomy. All but one pre-cystectomy event was venous and all but one of the patients received NAC. 31% (14/45) of TEEs occurred pre-cystectomy. The incidence of TEEs pre-cystectomy in NAC-naive NAC-eligible patients was only 10% (2/20), whereas the incidence of TEEs in NAC patients occurred pre-cystectomy in 48% (12/25) and 11/12 incidents were detected during NAC therapy—this including 7/11 (64%) incidents affecting veins in anatomical conjunction with the placement of central venous access for chemotherapy administration. Conclusions There is a significantly increased risk for TEE pre-cystectomy during chemotherapy administration in MIBC patients receiving NAC, compared to the risk in NAC-naïve NAC-eligible MIBC patients. In 64% of the pre-RC TEEs in NAC patients, there was a clinical connection to placement of central venous access.

Abstract Introduction International guidelines recommend open surgery for Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH) in the breast due to risk of underestimating malignant disease. The aim here was to evaluate the management and risk for upgrade of lesions diagnosed as ADH in percutaneous breast biopsies in two Swedish institutions. Methods All women with a screen-detected or symptomatic ADH diagnosed on percutaneous biopsy between 2013-2022 at Sundsvall and Umeå University Hospitals were included. Women with lesions classified as Breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 5 (highly suspicious) or 6 (confirmed malignancy) were excluded. Data were retrieved from medical records and histopathology reports. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for upgrade to malignant diagnosis after surgery was calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results Altogether, 101 women were included, mean age 56.1 years (range 36-93 years). Most women were selected from the national mammography screening program due to microcalcifications. Biopsies were performed with vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB)(60.4%) or core-needle biopsy (CNB)(39.6%). Forty-eight women (47.5%) underwent surgery. Presence of a first degree relative with breast cancer (p < 0.001), more extensive microcalcifications (p=0.01), biopsies with ADH bordering DCIS (p=0.01) and CNB as opposed to VAB (p=0.02) increased the likelihood of surgical excision. Among the women undergoing surgery, eleven were upgraded to Ductal Carcinoma in Situ and seven to invasive breast cancer (overall upgrade rate 37.5%). In these women, no variable correlating to risk of upgrade in the surgical specimen was identified. After median 74 months of follow-up (range 4-105 months), one out of 53 women managed conservatively (1.9%) developed subsequent ipsilateral DCIS. Conclusion The upgrade rate to carcinoma was 37.5% after surgery while the estimated 5-year risk of ipsilateral upgrade in women managed conservatively was 1.9%. Acknowledging the short median follow-up time, these results indicate that the selection for non-surgical management in a subset of women was appropriate. Summary of histopathological results after surgical excision of ADH Citation Format: Charlotta Wadsten, Gunilla Rask. Management and risk of upgrade of Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia in the breast – a population-based retrospective cohort analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-23-03.

The film depicts a single woman, Aud, in her efforts to rebuild an abandoned eider rookery in the Vega Archipelago on the coast of Northern Norway. Eider down harvesting was previously a common practice of the coastal northerners, and the bird was considered holy. The practice is a fascinating example of domestication based on reciprocity between two species: The islanders make nests and build shelters for their seasonal guests; the birds pay “the rent” by leaving behind a wisp of eider down, the most precious duvet filling. The film shows Aud’s approach to a mission doomed impossible, by both traditional harvesters and scientists, to accustom wild eiders to human activities.The film was part of PhD project “Den nordlandske fuglepleie” (The Nordland Birdcare, Sundsvold 2015), where video camera was used to explore the practical dimensions of accustom wild eiders to humans. Grasseni’s approach “enskillment of visions” (2005, 2011) was an inspiration, but whereas Grasseni put emphasis on the human perception of the animal, the video camera became a tool for an etho- ethnographic approach, putting emphasis on performativity in order to explore the relation building between man and bird.

Venereal diseases in the Sundsvall area in Sweden are studied in this article. By using linkages between between parish records and patient records it has been possible to find out what happened to a patient after the adission to a venereal ward. The linkage gives us enough information to form life and family biographies for these individuals. By investigating the life courses of 145 linked individuals it has been possible to give a closer presentation of the preliminary conclusions and problems of this research. The major problem has to do with their mobility. A life and family biography is truncated when the individual leaves the district of Sundsvall. The individuals of the study were admitted to a venereal ward in the midst of their adult life. While carefully paying attention to the linked individuals’ tendency to leave the Sundsvall area, we have studied their age distribution rates for certain events in their lives and reached a few preliminary conclusions about the sample group. Even among those who stayed in the district for quite a long while, the marriage rates were quite low . Some of these individuals had up to eight children, but the average fertility among the sample group seemed to be quite low. Because more than 60 percent of the children bom within the sample group died before the age of 15, and a very high percentage of these died before their first birthday, seems to be a convincing proof that venereal disease had an important impact on the patients’ lives. The article shows that linkages between patient records and parish registrars can help medical historians and historical demographers to understand the way in which disease and medical care affected peoples’ lives in past time.

IntroductionThis paper focuses on how a (assumed) entrepreneurial shift in urban planning and development has been implemented in a medium-sized city in northern Sweden, and how sustainability-as in sustainable urban development-can be argued to be a second shift in urban planning and development or represents an alternative form of neoliberal governance.MethodTo explore how and when urban entrepreneurialism and sustainability are interlinked, as well as when they are not, urban policy documents from 1988, 2007 and 2016 focusing on the development of Sundsvall city center has been examined using thematic content analysis.ResultsThe result shows that the 1988 document is significantly influenced by social democratic welfare politics, with prioritizing social bonds and the Sundsvall resident being the focus, while the newer documents emphasize visitors, potential residents and architectural design to promote the flow of people, money and goods. In this sustainability is put forward as a mobilizing metaphor, and serves to conceal the potential paradoxes of the priorities of the strategy, which involve the contradictions between economic, environmental and social values.DiscussionConsequently, it is possible to claim that sustainability, as a concept, has acquired a new function: to disguise the less palatable consequences of growth by evoking sustainability as a guarantee of the strategy's quality.

On October 31, Nouryon, a global specialty chemicals company, announced that it had started full-scale production at its new Expancel® expandable microspheres plant in Green Bay, Wisconsin, US. The launch of the new plant is intended to better serve specialty additives customers in North America in the packaging, construction, mining, and automotive industries, and complements the Company's existing full-scale plant in Sundsvall, Sweden, and product expansion facilities in China and Brazil.

El artículo describe parte de los resultados de una tesis de doctorado en la que se aplicaron en la práctica dos modelos teóricos del área de promoción de la salud. Uno de estos modelos, el de Análisis Estratégico en Promoción de Salud (MAEPS-OMS), es producto de las discusiones técnicas efectuadas en la III Conferencia Internacional de Promoción de Salud celebrada en Sundsvall, Suecia en 1991. El MAEPS resume en una matriz instrumental las estrategias descritas en la conferencia como básicas para crear ambientes favorables, de soporte para la salud: políticas públicas, reglamentación, reorientación organizacional, intermediación y creación de alianzas, facilitación del cambio comportamental, empoderamiento y movilización comunitaria. Las bases conceptuales del modelo y su matriz instrumental se usaron para orientar la identificación de actores sociales potencialmente participantes en la implementación de cuatro estrategias dirigidas a controlar, en distintos niveles de intervención, el tabaquismo en un municipio Colombiano de pequeño tamaño.

This study considers the life courses of young men and women with and without disabilities in the Sundsvall region of Sweden during the nineteenth century. It aims to ascertain how disability and gender shaped their involvement in work and their experience of family in order to assess the extent of their social inclusion. Through the use of Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base, Umeå University, we examine 8,874 individuals observed from 15 to 33 years of age to investigate whether obtaining a job, getting married and having children were less frequent events for people with disabilities. Our results reveal that this was the case and particularly for those with mental disabilities, even if having an impairment did not wholly prevent people from finding a job. However, their work did not represent the key to family formation and for the women it implied a higher rate of illegitimacy. We argue that the lower level of inclusion in work and family was not solely the outcome of the impairment itself, but differed in relation to the particular attitudes towards men and women with disabilities within the labour market and society more generally in this particular context.

Abstract Background TAPP was introduced in Sundsvall County Hospital, Sweden in late 2014. The results of either open tension-free mesh technique or TAPP consecutively performed between 2015 and 2020 was studied. Methods 650 consecutive patients were studied retrospectively with prospectively collected data from Swedish Hernia Registry. Patient demographics, peri-operative data, recurrence and patient reported outcome were studied. Results 231 TAPP and 419 open procedures were performed for 588 (90,5%) primary hernias and 62 (9,5%) recurrent hernias. 598 (92,0%) repairs were elective and 555 (85,4%) were treated in day care. Mean operation time for a TAPP was 48,7 minutes (SD 21,7) and for open repair 75,8 minutes (SD 27,8), p <0.05. Repair of recurrent- and bilateral hernia were more common with a TAPP (p <0.001). Of 219 operations performed by residents, 204 (93,2%) were open repairs and 15 (6,8%) TAPP (p <0.001). Postoperative complications occurred in 29 (4,5%) cases, of which 21 after open repair (p >0.05). Surgeon's competence was not associated with postoperative complications. Recurrence occurred in 2 (0,9%) TAPP and in 5 (1,2%) open repairs, the differences not significant. Conclusion Despite reflecting results from the department´s learning curve, TAPP was faster and produced comparable low rates of complications and recurrence as those from open repair. More than half of the inguinal hernia repairs were performed by specialists in surgery.

<p><strong>Úrtak:</strong> Tann 14. februar í 1804 strandaði eitt stórt skip í Svínoy við dýrabarari last av klædnastoffi og tekstil. Nógv av hesum varð bjargað uppá land, áðrenn tað í eini ódn bleiv knúst. Skipið æt Venus frá Sundsvall í Svøríki; skipari var Sam. Dryselius. Men lítið og einki er skrivað um hesa hending, hóast sjáldan ella ongantíð er størri ella dýrari vørunøgd komin inn í landið. Hon bleiv seld á uppboði, og tað sum er skriv­að í ”Auctiónsprotokollina” gevur eina frálíka mynd av hesum, hvørjar vørur vóru í lastini, hvørjir persónar keyptu, hvat teir keyptu og hvat ið prísurin var. Meira enn 5000 lutir vórðu bjargaðir í land, og selt var tilsamans fyri meira enn 12.000 Ríkisdálar. (Til samanberingar: 1 tunna av bygg kostaði vanliga umleið 5 Rdl) Teir sum keyptu størstu nøgdir, mest embæt­is­menn, hava ikki ber keypt til egið brúk. – Grein­in skal í fyrsta lagi lýsa hendingina og hvat ið fór fram á uppboðssølunum. Harnæst verð­ur roynt at greina, hvagar ið alt hetta klædna­stoffið fór. Her verður gjørt vart við, at smá­søla innanlanda ikki var tað sama sum loyni­handil. Eitt, sum kann skjalprógvast, er at Poul P. Nolsøe ólógliga hevur útflutt eina nøgd av Manchester-stoffi til Norra. Men hildið verð­ur, at nógv av stoffinum, var selt í býti við bundn­ar troyggjur og síðan sent av landinum sum sendingsgóðs við skipunum hjá Kongaliga Handlinum.</p><p><strong>Summary:</strong> On February 14th in 1804 a ship ran aground on Svínoy with a precious cargo of cloth and other textile commodities. Large amounts of these commodities were saved before the ship in a following storm was crushed. The ship was named Venus from Sundsvall in Sweden, and the captain was Sam. Dryselius. But, remarkably, very litle is written about this event, despite the fact that it was perhaps the largest and most valuable cargo ever brought ashore. It was, after a thorough registration of every item, put up for auction, and every detail of this is writen in a minute book which gives us a detailed picture of the content of the cargo, the list of persons that were buying, and what were the prices. More than 5000 items were saved and sold for more than 12.000 Rigsdaler (In comparison, the price of 1 barrel of barley was around 5 Rdl). The local officials bought the largest amounts, but it can not have been for their own consumption alone. – The article shall in the first place clear up the event and illuminate the auctions. The next problem is to attempt to follow how and where the commodities were forwarded. It is stressed that small-scale shopping is not the same as illicit traffic. One event can be documented. The skipper Poul P. Nolsøe brought an amount og Manchester-cloth to Norway, and sold it to a merchant there. This is undoubtly an incidence of smuggling. But the assumption is put forward that most of this cloth and textile was sold in exchange for sweaters that were shipped to Denmark as ”sendingsgods” (private commodities shipped by the Royal Trade Mono­poly).</p>

Background: International guidelines recommend open surgery for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) in the breast due to risk of underestimating malignant disease. Considering the ongoing randomized trials of active surveillance of low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), it seems reasonable to define a low-risk group of women with ADH where a conservative approach is appropriate. The aim here was to evaluate the management and risk for upgrade of lesions diagnosed as ADH in percutaneous breast biopsies in two Swedish hospitals. Methods: All women with a screen-detected or symptomatic breast lesion breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 2–4 and a percutaneous biopsy showing ADH between 2013 and 2022 at Sundsvall Hospital and Umeå University Hospital were included. Information regarding imaging, histopathology, clinical features, and management was retrieved from medical records. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for upgrade to malignant diagnosis after surgery were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Altogether, 101 women were included with a mean age 56.1 (range 36–93) years. Most women were selected from the national mammography screening program due to microcalcifications. Biopsies were performed with vacuum-assisted biopsy (60.4%) or core-needle biopsy (39.6%). Forty-eight women (47.5%) underwent surgery, of which 11 were upgraded to DCIS, and 7 to invasive breast cancer (upgrade rate 37.5%). Among the 53 women managed conservatively (median follow-up 74 months), one woman (1.9%) developed subsequent ipsilateral DCIS. The combined upgrade rate was 18.8%. No clinical variable statistically significantly correlating to risk of upgrade was identified. Conclusions: The upgrade rate of 37.5% in women undergoing surgery compared to an estimated 5-year risk of ipsilateral malignancy at 1.9% in women managed conservatively indicate that non-surgical management of select women with ADH is feasible. Research should focus on defining reproducible criteria differentiating high-risk from low-risk ADH.

Abstract A Norwegian-Russian cooperation in public health education in the Euro-Arctic Barents region started in the 1980s. In the 1990s it has been mostly limited to research- and student exchanges. In September 2006 seven universities including Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk (Russia), University of Tromsø (Norway), Nordic School of Public Health (Sweden), Umeå University (Sweden), Mid-Sweden University (Sundsvall, Sweden), Tampere University (Finland) and the National Institute of Public Health (Oslo, Norway), came together to found the International school of public health in Arkhangelsk, Russia (ISPHA). The mission of the ISPHA was to increase the level of knowledge in methods of research and practice in the field of public health, and to promote the implementation of this knowledge in Northwest Russia. Since 2007, ISPHA is providing public health education based on a 2-year MPH training. In 2007, ISPHA became the first full member of ASPHER. Forty-eight specialists got MPH degrees at ISPHA as a part of the program. In 2013 a PhD programme between NSMU and the University of Tromsø was established. In 2013-19, 6 PhD theses were defended, and totally 28 full-text papers were published in peer-reviewed journals. In 2017 two new PhD programs in public health between Norway and Russia were initiated. The programme in environmental health and registry epidemiology in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Russia is run in collaboration between two Russian and two Norwegian universities while the second programme on cardiovascular epidemiology is run by NSMU and the University of Tromsø. Both programmes have already recruited PhD students and teachers from both countries. Achievements, challenges, sustainability and future perspectives will be discussed. In spite of political perturbations, cooperation in public health education and research between Norway and Russia is contributing to better understanding of each other and strengthening public health workforce in Arctic Russia. Key messages Norwegian Russian cooperation evolved from exchanges to PhD programs. Most of the graduates strengthen public health capacity in their regions.

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