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Mamedes, Janoí Joaquim. "A Mesquita da Luz: o Islã sunita no Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2443.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-13<br>Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie<br>The research approaches the Mosque of light, the physical space were gathers the beneficent society Muslim of Rio de Janeiro (SBMRJ), movement of Sunni Islam. The Work aims to identify the hatcher of SBMRJ and what contributed to the formation of their identity. Part of the historical about renaissance of Islam, the main schisms, mystique, holy book, five pillars: The testimony, daily prayers, alms, fasting during the Ramadan s month and pilgrimage to Mecca. Islam and the six faith s pillars: Faith in just one God, faith in angels, faith in holy books, faith in predestination, faith in resurrection and in dooms day. The arrival of Islam to Brazil, highlighting the African Islam that arrived with slaves brought from Africa and the Islam of immigrants originating from the Middle East. This research also approaches the Rio de Janeiro s Muslim Beneficent Society history, the Mosque abandoned of Jacarepaguá and its change to current address. Also approaches the construction of identify from groups identified like Arabs and its descendants, African, and Brazilian reversed. The dynamic of Mosque is show highlighting the main activities like prayers on Friday, department education, female department and the institution s social department. The work conducts to the following conclusion: The SBMRJ contributes to the creation of a National Islam, with a Koranic Orthodoxy and a Brazilian Orthopraxis.<br>A presente pesquisa aborda a Mesquita da Luz, o espaço físico onde se reúne a Sociedade Beneficente Muçulmana do Rio de Janeiro (SBMRJ) movimento do Islã Sunita. O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar o nascedouro da SBMRJ e o que contribuiu para formação de sua identidade. Parte do histórico sobre o nascimento do Islamismo, os principais cismas, a mística, o livro sagrado, os cinco pilares: O testemunho, as orações diárias, as esmolas, o jejum durante o mês de Ramadan e a peregrinação à Meca. O Islã e os seis pilares da fé: fé em um Deus único, fé nos anjos, fé nos livros sagrados, fé nos profetas e mensageiros de Deus, fé na predestinação e a fé na ressurreição e no Juízo Final. A chegada do Islã ao Brasil, destacando o Islã afro que chegou com os escravos trazidos da África e o Islã dos imigrantes originários do Oriente Médio. A presente pesquisa aborda também a história da Sociedade Beneficente Muçulmana do Rio de Janeiro, a Mesquita abandonada de Jacarepaguá e a mudança para o atual endereço. Aborda também a construção da identidade a partir de grupos identificados como árabes e descendentes, os africanos e os brasileiros revertidos. A dinâmica da mesquita é apresentada destacando as principais atividades como as orações de sexta-feira, o departamento educacional, o departamento feminino e o departamento social da instituição. Chegando a conclusão de que a SBMRJ contribui para a criação de um Islã nacional, com uma ortodoxia corânica e uma ortopraxia brasileira e carioca.
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Ramos, Vlademir Lúcio. "CONVERSÃO AO ISLÃ: UMA ANÁLISE SOCIOLÓGICA DA ASSIMILAÇÃO DO ETHOS RELIGIOSO NA SOCIEDADE MUÇULMANA SUNITA EM SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO NA REGIÃO DO GRANDE ABC." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2003. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/382.
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Previous issue date: 2003-09-30<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This dissertation has the purpose to analyze the religious phenomenon of conversion to Islam. Based in a practical experience the conversion to Islam is analyzed as a process of assimilation of the religions ethos undertook by Brazilian
without Arabian origins. In a sociological purpose the concept of conversion was widen and articulated among concepts of identity and assimilation. The converts interviewed are integrated to a sunite muslin society at São Bernardo do Campo in the area of the Grande ABC, São Paulo, organized around a Latin American Islam Publishing Center (Centro de
Divulgação do Islã para a América Latina CDIAL) and a mosque named Abu Bakr Assedic. This dissertation attempts to comprehend the earlier social and religious reasons for conversion and its consequences. It is also kept up that the process of conversion is gradual and undertook by an active person who examines its own experiences can build an unique identity which differs the Arabian ethos.(AU)<br>Esta dissertação tem por finalidade analisar o fenômeno religioso da conversão ao Islã. Com base em um estudo empírico a dissertação estuda a conversão ao Islã como sendo um processo de assimilação do ethos religioso
islâmico empreendido por brasileiros de ascendência não árabe.
Numa proposta sociológica o conceito de conversão foi ampliado e articulado junto aos conceitos de identidade e assimilação. Os convertidos entrevistados fazem
parte de uma sociedade religiosa muçulmana sunita situada em São Bernardo do Campo na região do grande ABC, São Paulo, organizada em torno de um Centro de
Divulgação do Islã para a América Latina (CDIAL), e de uma mesquita que leva o nome de Abu Bakr Assedic. Esta dissertação tenta compreender os antecedentes
sócio-religiosos, os motivos da conversão e suas conseqüências. Para tanto, sustentamos ainda que o processo de conversão ao Islã é gradativo e empreendido
por um sujeito ativo, que ao interpretar suas próprias experiências, constrói uma identidade particular e diferenciadora do ethos árabe.(AU)
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Ramakrishnan, Sunita [Verfasser], Frank-Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Belz, and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Reichwald. "Aktive Konsumentenintegration im Kontext konsumtiver Mobilitätsdienstleistungen : Eine empirische Analyse der Teilnahmebereitschaft und Teilnahmeleistung von Konsumenten mit hoher bzw. niedriger Lead-Userness bei Innovationsprojekten im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr / Sunita Ramakrishnan. Gutachter: Frank-Martin Belz ; Ralf Reichwald. Betreuer: Frank-Martin Belz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024161234/34.
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Lambru, Giorgio. "The clinical, therapeutic and radiological spectrum of SUNCT, SUNA and trigeminal neuralgia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10056202/.
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This thesis examines and compares the demographics, clinical phenotype, radiological findings and response to medical and surgical treatments of SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) and SUNA (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with autonomic symptoms). Given the similarities between SUNCT, SUNA and trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the demographics and clinical phenotype of these disorders were also compared. In the first study (Chapter 2) a cohort of 133 patients (SUNA=63 and SUNCT=70) was phenotyped and the clinical characteristics of SUNA compared to those of SUNCT. Statistically significant predictors for SUNCT rather than SUNA were only found for ipsilateral ptosis [OR: 3.37 (95% CI: 1.50, 7.66), p < 0.0001] and rhinorrhoea [OR: 2.42 (95% CI: 1.09, 5.41), p=0.034]. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of SUNCT patients (n=56, 80.0%) reported marked lacrimation compared to SUNA patients (n=20, 46.5%) (P < 0.001). In the second study (Chapter 3) 45 SUNCT and 34 SUNA patients had high-resolution cisternal imaging MRI scans to asses the presence of trigeminal neurovascular conflict. The prevalence of neurovascular contact on the symptomatic trigeminal nerves was higher (57.3%) than on the asymptomatic trigeminal nerves (25%) (P≤0.001). Severe neurovascular contacts were considerably more prevalent on the symptomatic side (47.6%), compared to the asymptomatic side (11.8%) (P≤0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of neurovascular contacts on the symptomatic nerves between SUNCT (61.7%) and SUNA (57.1%) (P=0.67). The presence of a vascular contact and its location at the root entry zone were strong predictors for the nerve to be symptomatic rather than asymptomatic. In the third study (Chapter 4) the response to treatments of 161 SUNCT and SUNA patients was analysed. Our findings suggest that lamotrigine was the most effective treatment (responders: SUNCT= 53.5%, SUNA= 57.9%) followed by oxcarbazepine (responders: SUNCT= 44.8%, SUNA= 47.0%); duloxetine and topiramate were more effective in SUNCT rather than SUNA (duloxetine responders: SUNCT= 45.0%, SUNA: 11.8%; p= 0.027; topiramate responders: SUNCT= 33.3%, SUNA= 10.7%; p=0.028). Amongst transitional treatments intravenous lidocaine led to a significant headache improvement in 83.3% SUNCT (n=25) and in 76.5% SUNA (n=13) patients (p=0.73). A greater occipital nerve block was beneficial in 27.3% (n=21) of patients for a median of 21 days (IQR: 53 days; range: 1 to 150 days), without any significant difference between SUNCT (24.4%; n=11) and SUNA (37.0%; n=10) patients (p=0.42). We found intravenous dihidroergotamine able to worsen or even to precipitate a de novo SUNCT/SUNA when administered to manage a different primary headache disorder. In the fourth study (Chapter 5) occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) was tried in nine and trigeminal microvascular decompression was tried in ten refractory, chronic SUNCT and SUNA patients. At a median follow-up of 38 months (range 24-55 months) ONS led to a marked headache improvement in eight of the nine patients (89%). One patient did not report any benefit from the stimulator at 24 months’ follow-up and opted to have the ONS explanted. At a mean follow-up fo 19.6 months (range: 12-36 months) after trigeminal microvascular decompression surgery, seven patients (70%) became headache-free after the operation. Five of the seven patients (71.4%) remained headache-free at the last follow-up. The remaining two patients were headache-free respectively for 9 and 12 months before the headache relapsed. There were no major surgical and post-surgical complications. A comparison of the clinical phenotype of SUNA (n=133) and TN (n=79) was undertaken in the last study (Chapter 6). Several similarities between SUNA and TN were found. Furthermore, some clinical features, namely pain location in V1 (OR: 11.29 95%CI: 3.92, 35.50, p < 0.001), spontaneous only attacks (OR: 44.40, 95%CI: 4.50, 437.83, p=0.001) and a chronic pain pattern (OR: 13.19, 95%CI: 4.04, 43.08, p < 0.001) predicted the diagnosis of SUNA rather than TN. Similarly duration of the attacks < 1 minute (OR: 7.95, 95%CI: 2.30, 27.57, p=0.001) and the presence of a refractory period in between triggered attacks (OR: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02, 0.28, p-value < 0.001) were predictors for TN rather than SUNA. In summary our novel findings advance the clinical understanding of SUNCT and SUNA and suggest that their relationship with TN may represent` a clinical continuum between disorders. This view will hopefully open novel research directions towards a better understanding of these complex clinical entities.
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Pires, Raúl Manuel Braga. "Indianos Sunitas em Moçambique : 1974/2004." Dissertação, Porto : 2008, 2011. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000199922.
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A comunidade islâmica Sunita de origem indiana em Moçambique e respectiva relação com o Moçambique Independente (1975/92) e com o Moçambique Multipartidário (1992/2004), são o objecto de estudo deste trabalho. Tentamos perceber e relatar um percurso que se inicia num processo de laicização do Estado, o qual evolui e termina num momento de livre mercado religioso, onde muçulmanos disputam pela primeira vez o Espaço Público em pé de igualdade com as restantes confissões religiosas.
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Pires, Raúl Manuel Braga. "Indianos Sunitas em Moçambique : 1974/2004." Master's thesis, Porto : 2008, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/23210.
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A comunidade islâmica Sunita de origem indiana em Moçambique e respectiva relação com o Moçambique Independente (1975/92) e com o Moçambique Multipartidário (1992/2004), são o objecto de estudo deste trabalho. Tentamos perceber e relatar um percurso que se inicia num processo de laicização do Estado, o qual evolui e termina num momento de livre mercado religioso, onde muçulmanos disputam pela primeira vez o Espaço Público em pé de igualdade com as restantes confissões religiosas.
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Rust, A. N. "A second generation SUNSAT RAMDISK." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51620.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The SUNSAT RAMDISK was studied, and tests performed to assess its flight
readiness. Errors were detected, and modifications had to be made to ensure proper
operation. SUNSAT was subsequently launched, and to date the RAMDISK is still
functioning correctly. The flight readiness testing of the RAMDISK was considered a
pre-study to designing a second generation RAMDISK.
A conceptual mass memory storage device support structure was designed. This
second generation RAMDISK, or memory drive is intended to be used on a second
generation SUNSAT, or SUNSAT 2. The design is targeted for implementation in
fields programmable gate arrays (FPGA's) and was realised using VHDL. This
hardware description language is an accepted standard, and can be implemented in a
number of different programmable logic devices; both SRAM and fuse-link based.
Simulations were performed to verity the functionality of the design, and to determine
whether the data transfer specifications could be met using programmable logic
devices.
A modular design methodology was followed. The memory drive was designed so that
any type and amount of memory can be added to the drive without a major design
change.
The simulations indicated that a data capturing speed of 130 Mbits/s could be
maintained.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die SUNSAT massa geheue module is bestudeer, en toetse is daarop uigevoer om die
vlug gereedheid te bepaal. Foute is gevind, en veranderinge moes aangebring word om
korrekte werking te verseker. SUNSAT is gelanseer en die geheue module werk tot op
datum nog korrek. Die geheue module se vlug gereedheid toetse is beskou as In voor
studie vir die ontwerp van In tweede generasie geheue module.
In Konseptueie massa stoor toestel struktuur is ontwerp. Hierdie tweede generasie
geheue module, of geheue skyf is bedoel om op In tweede generasie SUNSAT, of
SUNSAT 2 gebruik te word. FPGA's is die teiken tegnologie vir hierdie ontwerp en
VHDL is gebruik om die ontwerp te realiseer. Hierdie hardeware beskrywingstaal
word as In standaard aanvaar en kan in verskillende herprogrammeerbare tegnologieë
gebruik word.
Sirnulasies is gedoen om die funksionaliteit van die ontwerp te verifieer, en om te
bepaal of die nodige data oordragstempo gehandhaaf kan word met
herprogrammeerbare tegnologie.
In Modulêre ontwerpsfilosofie is gevolg. Die geheue skyf is ontwerp sodat dit enige
tipe en hoeveelheid geheue kan ondersteun sonder om groot veranderinge aan die
ontwerp te doen.
Die sirnulasies toon dat In data oordragstempo van 130 Mbits/s gehandhaafkan word.
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Cardoza, Andrew Robert. "Middleware for the SUNSAT field station." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52338.
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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: SRMA currently used on the SUNSAT field station is an effective MAC layer protocol but lacks
several features. Sufficient support for flexible communication, acknowledgement of individual
data packets, simultaneous communication of multiple instances from a higher layer over a
single underlying layer, and a robust FTP procedure to transfer large amounts of data are some of
the features that the SUNSA T field station should cater for.
ORBCOMM, GSM and WAP implementations are discussed. Some features from these
implementations that are useful in the LEO communication environment are designed into an
additional layer of software. This additional layer, called middleware, is proposed and uses
SRMA services to deliver store-and-forward services. It supports high volumes of short
transactions and session suspend and resume facilities between the SUNSA T satellite and field
station.
Keywords: SUNSAT, Communication, Field station, WAP, GSM, ORBCOMM<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die SRMA pakketkommunikasie-protokol op SUNSA T se prototipe grondterminaal is
voldoende om die oordrag van boodskappe oor die kommunikasieverbinding te reguleer. Dit is
onvoldoende om fasiliteite soos kommunikasie van 'n aantal instansies in 'n hoër kommunikasie
laag oor 'n enkele laer laag en om 'n robuuste data oordrag protokol vir groot hoeveelhede data
van 'n grondterminaal te ondersteun.
ORBCOMM, GSM en WAP stelsel toepassings word bespreek. Resultate wat spruit uit die drie
toepassings word gebruik om kommunikasie in 'n lae wentelbaan kommunikasie omgewing te
bevorder. 'n Bykomende sagteware laag, bekend as middle-ware, word aanbeveel om
voorafgenoemde funksionaliteit mee te implimenteer. Die middle-ware gebruik die beskikbare
dienste van die SRMA pakketkommunikasie-protokol om toegang te verkry na die
kommunikasie kanaal. Sodoende kan hoë volumes kort transaksies, en sessie-stop en hervat
fasiliteite 'n werklikheid gemaak word.
Sleutelwoord: SUNS AT, Kommunikasie, grondterminaal, WAP, GSM, ORBCOMM
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McCarthy, Lindsay Renae Tudor. "An investigation into why people tan despite the known health risks." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/mccarthy/McCarthyL0510.pdf.
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Skin cancer is a major health concern in the U.S. today. The incidences of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers are rising at an alarming rate. It is thought this is partly due to the increasing numbers of people using indoor tanning facilities. Ultraviolet radiation exposure from indoor tanning bed use is a major risk factor the development t of skin cancer. Public health campaigns have attempted to increase people's knowledge about skin cancer and UV exposure. This study attempts to explore what dermatology patients know about UV exposure and skin cancer. Thirty three dermatology patients participated in a multiple choice survey about various UV and skin cancer related knowledges. Results were analyzed based on certain themes that developed from the question scores. Overall, dermatology patients demonstrated certain knowledge deficiencies in what they know regarding UV exposure, indoor tanning, and skin cancer. The results from this study indicated a need for skin cancer awareness campaigns to include additional information about UV exposure and tanning beds. This study also demonstrated a need for routine physicals to include a history of ultraviolet radiation exposure. And finally, the results illustrate the importance for healthcare professionals to educate patients on how to do a self exam.
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Chen, Nan-chieh. "Menschsein als Dialog und Shūnyatā : eine transkulturelle Studie zur Schwerstbehindertenpädagogik /." Berlin ; Münster : Lit, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2956113&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Abbassi, Ahmed. "Le Baït Al Mâl en Islam sunnite." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0767.
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Cette thèse traite de la fiscalité de l'empire arabo-musulman allant de 610 de notre ère jusqu'au déclin de la dynastie Abbasside en 1215. Elle traite aussi de l'organisation administrative et financière du Baït Al Mâl qui est l'équivalent de l’actuel Trésor Public et qui a géré les finances publiques de l'époque. La problématique qu'elle soulève est : est-il possible de rétablir la fiscalité ancienne à la place de la fiscalité moderne ? Les fondamentalistes prônent ce retour à la source puisqu'ils considèrent la collecte de l’impôt moderne comme une infraction à la Charia<br>This thesis processes as the tax system of the Arabian-Musulman empire going 610 AD until the decline of the dynasty Abbasside in 1215. She(it) also deals as the administrative and financial organization of the Baït Al Mâl which is the equivalent of the current Treasury and which managed the public finances of time(period). The problem which it lifts(raises) is: it is possible to restore the ancient(former) tax system on the place(square) of the modern tax system. The fundamentalists laud this return to the source(spring) because they consider the collection of the modern tax as a malpractice against the Sharia
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Toyama, Miyagusuku Jorge Luis. "Remuneraciones, rentas y la Sunat." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109183.
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En el presente artículo se analizan conjuntamente la Ley de Productividad y Competitividad Laboral y la Ley de Impuesto a la Renta, definiendo el concepto de renta y el concepto de remuneración, para luego determinar cuando ambos conceptos coinciden y cuando divergen. De esta manera, unifica los conceptos laborales y tributarios, dejando claro cuáles son los ingresos, percibidos por el trabajador, afectos al impuesto a la Renta.
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Wuttig, Kathrin [Verfasser]. "Manganese biogeochemistry in the sunlit ocean / Kathrin Wuttig." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036242684/34.
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Gredin, Anders, and Martin Freiling. "Sunda energieffektiva väggkonstruktioner för morgondagens flerbostadshus." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102117.
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Detta examensarbete har utförts vid högskoleingenjörsprogrammet Byggteknik och design vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan och i samarbete med Ramböll Sverige. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka och analysera dagens ytterväggskonstruktioner för framtidens energieffektiva flerbostadshus. Ytterväggskonstruktionen som är en del i byggnadens klimatskal, har en viktig och betydelsefull funktion för att kunna klara av framtida byggnaders energikrav. För att en väggkonstruktion ska fungera finns det en rad andra påverkande faktorer som måste tas hänsyn till. Därför kommer examensarbetet att fokusera på ytterväggskonstruktioners byggfysikaliska egenskaper såsom lufttäthet, fukt, uppbyggnad och beständighet. För att kunna lösa uppgiften har vi varit i kontakt med åtta olika byggnadsentreprenörer i Stockholmsområdet och utfört studiebesök ute i produktionen. Det finns flera faktorer som styr valet av ytterväggskonstruktion för projektet och på grund av detta finns det en rad olika typer av ytterväggskonstruktioner som används i dagens byggande av flerbostadshus. I vår jämförelse mellan sex olika ytterväggskonstruktioner har vi analyserat byggfysikaliska egenskaper och produktionsmetoder utifrån samma grundparametrar. Eftersom ytterväggarna skiljer sig mellan lätt respektive tung stomme har vi valt att presentera en från varje kategori. Enligt vår bedömning i vår analys har vi kommit fram till att en lätt utfackningsvägg med stålregelstomme och en tung väggkonstruktion med platsgjuten skalväggsstomme har de bästa förutsättningarna för att i framtiden utgöra de främsta alternativen inom ytterväggskonstruktioner för flerbostadshus.Rapporten är skriven för läsare som antas ha viss kunskap inom området byggteknik, dvs. den riktar sig främst till intressenter till byggbranschen och studenter inom området.<br>This thesis has been carried out at the Bachelor's program of construction engineering and design at the Royal Institute of Technology and in collaboration with Ramböll Sweden. The purpose of this report is to examine and analyze today's outer wall structures for the future of energy efficient buildings. The outer wall construction that is part of the building envelope has an important and significant flaw to meet future energy requirements of buildings. For a long time different wall construction projects have been designed to create wall panels with low U-values. For a wall structure to function, there are a number of confounding factors to be taken into account. Therefore, the thesis will focus on outer wall structure building physical properties such as air density, moisture, structure and stability. In order to solve the task we have been in contact with eight different contractors in the Stockholm area and conducted field trips out in production. There are several factors that determine the choice of exterior wall construction for the project and because of this there are a number of different types of exterior wall structures used in today's construction of apartment buildings. In our comparison of six different wall constructions, we have analyzed the construction of physical characteristics and production methods on the same basic parameters. Since the outer walls differ between light and heavy body, we have chosen to present one from each class. Our conclusion is that a light stud walls with steel stud frame and a heavy wall construction with in-situ shell wall structure is best equipped to continue being the main option in exterior wall construction for apartment buildings. The report is written for readers who knowledgeable in the field of building technology, i.e. it is mainly addressed to interested parties in the construction industry and students in the field.
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Scholz, Sunna [Verfasser]. "Qualifizierung eines Voltammetrie-Messsystems / Sunna Scholz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/104631291X/34.
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Scholz, Sunna Veronika [Verfasser]. "Qualifizierung eines Voltammetrie-Messsystems / Sunna Scholz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000095831-5.
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Schöck, Cornelia. "Adam im Islam : ein Beitrag zur Ideengeschichte der Sunna /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35599065j.
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Contreras, Radovic Cristian. "La teoria del big bang y la doctrina de Nagarjuna: el vacío o sunyata como síntesis ontológica de todo cuanto existe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5162.
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Mi tesis doctoral investiga la Teoría del Big Bang sobre el origen del universo y su relación con la doctrina del sabio filósofo budista, Nagarjuna (India s.II-III), fundador de la Vía Media o Camino Medio del budismo, según su obra genuina titulada Mûla-mâdhyamaka-kârik_, un texto decididamente auténtico, opus magna de este autor conforme la tradición india, china y tibetana, prueba indiscutible de la historicidad de su figura. Nagarjuna, uno de los cuatro soles que iluminan al mundo desde sus cuatro direcciones, maestro espiritual de Oriente y Occidente, fue el creador de la escuela budista Mâdhyamaka viva en la India desde el siglo II al VI. <br/>La teoría científica de la Gran Explosión Universal o Big Bang concluye que el "vacío" es la fuente energética de donde surge el Cosmos: nuestro origen. La Doctrina de Nagarjuna prueba que el "vacío" es la esencia más profunda de la Realidad; un sistema filosófico consistente con las descripciones físicas contemporáneas acerca del campo de fuerza que da principio al Cosmos.<br/>De ahí que esta Tesis Doctoral se intitule: La Teoría del Big Bang y la Doctrina de Nagarjuna: el vacío o s_nyat_ como síntesis de todo cuanto existe. Una construcción teórica fundamentada en el principio según el cual filosofía y ciencia tienen un carácter universal y no están basadas únicamente en la cultura, es decir, responde a la autoridad de la experiencia, de los hechos empíricos. El texto se inscribe en el marco paradigmático de la Filosofía de la Ciencia y contempla un enfoque sincrético, ecléctico, multidisciplinar y holístico. <br/>El principal objetivo ha sido centrar la investigación en la temática cosmológica de la filosofía de Nagarjuna, es decir, en la verdad última sobre la naturaleza de todas las cosas, el origen del universo; si bien también posee implicancias soteriológicas, epistemológicas, gnoseológicas y éticas, de primera magnitud, en especial, para quienes estamos interesamos en el futuro de nuestra Cultura Occidental.<br/>El tema de la Introducción son los conceptos científicos centrales de la Teoría del Big Bang. <br/>En el Capítulo I abordo el Estado de la Cuestión. La aparición historiográfica del budismo en Occidente y de la figura de Nagarjuna. Además realizo un registro completo de autores, editores y traductores que han escrito sobre Nagarjuna en Occidente.<br/>En el Capítulo II elaboro un examen crítico de la obra literaria nagarjuniana centrándome en la temática cosmológica del corpus, sin descuidar la ética y ascética. Me refiero a una descripción racional y crítica a las ediciones. Preciso el privilegio de unos textos sobre otros, para centrarme en la Mûla-mâdhyamaka-kârik_, de la cual realizo una primera traducción al castellano de la traducción al francés del original tibetano de Georges Driessens, Traité du Milieu, Seuil, 1995; la única traducción completa al castellano existente del citado texto fundamental.<br/>En el Capítulo III pruebo que la visión del origen del universo de la actual ciencia occidental encuentra paralelos objetivos en el budismo oriental de nuestro autor, Nagarjuna, particularmente al considerar el concepto de vacío; una especie de leit motiv que une y sintetiza dichas corrientes de pensamiento, filosofía y ciencia. Profundizamos el estudio del significado de s_nyat_ o vacío y de la vacuidad, y realizamos un resumen de la Doctrina de Nagarjuna en su Camino Medio a la iluminación del hombre y la sociedad. Así observamos que las teorías y modelos principales de la física moderna conducen a una visión del mundo que es internamente consistente con el sistema filosófico de Nagarjuna.<br>My doctoral thesis studies the Big Bang Theory about the origin of the universe and his relationship with the doctrine of the buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna (India s.II-III), founder of Buddhism of the Middle Way, in accord with his genuine work, titled: Mûla-mâdhyamaka-kârik_; an authentic text, opus magna of this author in accord with the india, chinese and tibetan tradition, clear probe of the history of his figure. Nagarjuna, one of the four suns witch illuminated the world in the four directions, spiritual master of Orient and Occident, was the creator of the Buddhist Mâdhyamaka school lived in India from centuries II to VI. <br/>The Big Bang theory concludes that the vacuum is the main energy from which one emerge the Cosmos. Nagarjuna´s doctrine probe that the sunyata (or vacuum) is the most deep essence of the Reality; a philosophical vision that is consistent with the physics description about the force who permitted the beginning of the universe, that means, about the latest natural essence of all things. A theoretical construction founded in the principle that philosophy and science has a universal character, not only based on a unique culture, that means, respond to the experience authority and the empirical facts. I inscribed the thesis in a syncretism, eclectic, multisciplinary and holistic point of view. <br/>In the Introduction I describe the mains concepts of the Big Bang's theory.<br/>In Chapter I begin the description of the appearance of buddhism in Occident and Nagarjuna's figure. I made a complete register of the bibliography of authors, editors and translater about Nagarjuna. <br/>In Chapter II I made a critic exam of nagarjuna's works focused in the cosmological thematic. I privilege the Mûla-mâdhyamaka-kârik_, and I made a first translation to spanish from the french translation of the tibetan original of Georges Driessens, Traité du Milieu, Seuil, 1995; the first, unique and complete spanish translation of this fundamental text.<br/>In Chapter III I probe that the contemporary universe vision of the west scientific have objectives parallels with Nagarjuna's buddhism, in particular, with the vacuum concept or sunyata. My main intention is show that the scientific vision of the vacuum is similar to the Nagarjuna's sunyata, a kind of leit motiv between the modern science and budhhist philosophy. We are in front of a definition of the same thing and in the same sense, but from different disciplines; wherever, not only in front of a mere parallelism, but in front of a synthetic of the first magnitude and resonance, with a main significant for the World Culture.<br/>The Big Bang is a cosmological physic theory with naturals questions to philosophy and religion. We're in the ultimate limit of the universe, the exact place where we suppose is home's God. This scene is singular for faith and reason's history. What kind of philosophical adventure propose the contemporary physics to the World Culture? What kind of enigma take place now to the human spirit? <br/>The actual moment of cosmology is similar to the state of the Ptolemaic theory before Copernicus. The matrix of such a research impose to postulate new cosmic ingredient of a unknown essence -hot dark matter, cool dark matter, dark energy and additional new dimension of space-time-; and the biggest work is the unification between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanic, the way to describe -maybe- the initial instant of the Cosmos, full of fundamental questions. But this it is not the complete picture. <br/>On the other side, we need a new fundamental gnoseological paradigm between faith and reason, if our will is continuing. The philosophical vision complements the physic. My personal conviction is that only the synthesis between faith-reason, Orient-Occident, will be at last the most useful and powerful line of thinking for the Third Millennia. I see the present thesis in this paradigm of Philosophy of Science, in order to reject any conflict perspective between science, philosophy and religion.
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Enriquez, Karen Bautista. "Interrupting the conversation on kenosis and sunyata: Buddhist and Christian women in search of the relational self." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104404.
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Thesis advisor: John Makransky<br>The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to Christian theological anthropology by bringing in the "interruption" of another religious tradition, Buddhism, in order to see how key Buddhist doctrines such as emptiness and practices of meditation may inform aspects of the Christian feminist discussions of kenosis in the spiritual life, and the search for a relational self. It also seeks to enhance Buddhist-Christian dialogue by bringing the "interruption" of feminist voices from both the Buddhist and Christian traditions into conversation with each other in order to see what they might offer, not only towards the search for "right relationship," but also towards bringing about the re-integration of doctrine and spiritual practices for more effective action in the world today. In the first part of the dissertation, I lay out the background of these two concepts of kenosis and emptiness within their respective religious traditions including the Buddhist-Christian dialogues around these two concepts. I then look at how Christian feminists (Sarah Coakley and Mary Grey) as well as Buddhist feminists (Anne Klein and Rita Gross) critique the traditional interpretations of these concepts and how they reconstruct such concepts in their articulation of a relational self and in their argument for the importance of practice and its relationship with doctrine. In the second part of this dissertation, I focus on the comparison between these Buddhist and Christian feminists and how they can mutually learn from each other. I argue that Buddhist feminist discussions on emptiness and meditation enhances and deepens the Christian feminist articulations of kenosis and how an empowered self can be found through a kenotic spirituality. I also demonstrate how such a dialogue can bring us back to the rich resources within the Christian tradition, such as the image of Mary and Marian devotions. Furthermore, I show how this feminist comparison contributes back to Buddhist-Christian dialogue by including the voices of women and their concern for suffering and the importance of praxis in our interreligious encounters today<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Theology
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Villanueva, González Martín. "SUNAT: Torpedeando a la Marina Mercante Nacional." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117147.
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In this article, the author describes the problems that come through the Peruvian shipping companies because of misinterpretations made by the tax authority about the scope of the Law for reactivation and promotion of the National Merchant Marine; to harmful tax collection procedures and poor debt settlement system controversies between taxpayers and the Tax Administration.<br>En el presente artículo, el autor describe los problemas por los que viene atravesando las empresas navieras peruanas debido a las equivocadas interpretaciones que realiza la Administración Tributaria acerca de los alcances de la Ley de reactivación y promoción de la Marina Mercante Nacional; a los perjudiciales procedimientos de cobranza de deudas tributarias, y al deficiente sistema de solución de controversias suscitadas entre los contribuyentes y la Administración Tributaria.
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Chau, Quispe Lourdes, and Gutiérrez Walker Villanueva. "El procedimiento de fiscalización de la Sunat." Foro Jurídico, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/120013.
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Kotze, P. P. A. (Pieter Paul Adriaan). "Development of a QPSK demodulator for the Sunsat 1 groundstation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51689.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is the description of the development of a QPSK demodulator
for the Sunsat 1 groundstation. A general overview of the functioning and requirements
of a typical QPSK demodulator system is given. Several methods or algorithms for clock
and carrier recovery are discussed. Specific attention is given to the QPSK demodulator
chipset from Philips used for the implementation of the demodulator. The digital
decoding logic used to serialize the parallel I and Q datastream is explained. Finally
measurement techniques for performance evaluation of QPSK systems are investigated.
As part of this the implementation loss of the developed QPSK demodulator is measured.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie tesis is om die ontwikkeling van 'n QPSK demodulator vir die
Sunsat 1 grondstasie te beskryf. 'n Algemene oorsig oor die funksionering en vereistes van
'n tipiese QPSK demodulator stelsel word gegee. Verskeie algoritmes en tegnieke vir klok
en draersein herwinning word ondersoek en bespreek. Spesifieke verwysing word telkens
gemaak na die QPSK demodulasie vlokkie paar van Philips gebruik vir die implementering
van die demodulator. Die digitale dekodering logika benodig vir die datastroom
verpakking word ondersoek en beskryf. Laastens word daar gekyk na meettegnieke en
evaluasie van QPSK demodulasie stelsels se prestasie. As deel hiervan word die implementasie
verlies van die ontwikkelde QPSK demodulator stelsel gemeet.
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Hurwitz, Bonnie, Steven Hallam, and Matthew Sullivan. "Metabolic reprogramming by viruses in the sunlit and dark ocean." BioMed Central, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610152.
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BACKGROUND:Marine ecosystem function is largely determined by matter and energy transformations mediated by microbial community interaction networks. Viral infection modulates network properties through mortality, gene transfer and metabolic reprogramming.RESULTS:Here we explore the nature and extent of viral metabolic reprogramming throughout the Pacific Ocean depth continuum. We describe 35 marine viral gene families with potential to reprogram metabolic flux through central metabolic pathways recovered from Pacific Ocean waters. Four of these families have been previously reported but 31 are novel. These known and new carbon pathway auxiliary metabolic genes were recovered from a total of 22 viral metagenomes in which viral auxiliary metabolic genes were differentiated from low-level cellular DNA inputs based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene content, taxonomy, fragment recruitment and genomic context information. Auxiliary metabolic gene distribution patterns reveal that marine viruses target overlapping, but relatively distinct pathways in sunlit and dark ocean waters to redirect host carbon flux towards energy production and viral genome replication under low nutrient, niche-differentiated conditions throughout the depth continuum.CONCLUSIONS:Given half of ocean microbes are infected by viruses at any given time, these findings of broad viral metabolic reprogramming suggest the need for renewed consideration of viruses in global ocean carbon models.
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Hemning, Christian. "Pedagogiska rum för barn." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90113.
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Tenzin, Kencho. "Shankara a Hindu revivalist or a crypto-Buddhist? /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11302006-094652/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.<br>Kathryn McClymond, committee chair; Jonathan Herman, Christopher White, committee members. Electronic text (70 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 20, 2007; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61).
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Heffernan, Mary Elizabeth Peterson Catherine Ann. "The effects of regular tanning bed use and increased vitamin D status on bone mineral density and serum inflammatory markers in healthy women." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5024.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed September 10, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Catherine Peterson. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sjögren, Sara, and Camilla Persson. "Studie av förtätningspotentialen för området Sundsta i Karlstad : Enligt analysmodellen Förtätningsrosen." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36195.
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Ända sedan industrialismens början har det pågått en ständig inflyttning till städerna från landsbygden. Denna urbanisering har lett till bostadsbrist i de centrala delarna av många städer. För att möjliggöra fler bostäder på dessa platser har staden börjat byggas inåt - förtätas. Förtätning är en ”kompakt utbredning” av staden och innebär att redan bebyggda platser inom stadsgränsen exploateras ytterligare. Detta skapar förutsättningar att fler får bo nära de centrala delarna av staden vilket leder till att de befintliga resurserna utnyttjas på ett mer effektivt sätt. I Karlstad har befolkningsmängden ökat med 25 procent de senaste 50 åren och inflyttningen väntas fortsätta. Därför måste Karlstad expandera och en av kommunens metoder för hur staden ska utvecklas är genom förtätning. I detta examensarbete undersöks förtätningspotentialen för ett delområde inom Sundsta i Karlstad. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för förtätningsbegreppet samt att analysera om det valda området är lämpligt att förtäta. Utifrån analysmodellen Förtätningsrosen är målet att bestämma förtätningspotentialen för området. Förtätningsrosen är framtagen av Stockholms läns landsting och områdets förtätningspotential värderas utifrån de fyra kategorierna förtätningstryck, förtätningsutrymme, förtätningsbehov samt förtätningsfrihet. Respektive kategori är indelad i fyra faktorer och dessa undersöks i en fältstudie som utförs dels okulärt, men också genom studier av kartunderlag och statistik. Beroende på hur väl faktorerna stämmer in på området ges de analysmåtten ”låg”, ”medel” eller ”hög”, där ”hög” indikerar att området är lämpligt för förtätning. Resultatet från fältstudien visar att delområdet på Sundsta har en ”medelhög” förtätningspotential. Utifrån förtätningstrycket och förtätningsutrymmet lämpar sig området väl för förtätning då analysmåttet blev ”hög”. Samtidigt blev analysmåttet för förtätningsfriheten och förtätningsbehovet ”medel”. Det innebär att delområdet på Sundsta är attraktivt och att utrymme finns för att förtäta men att förtätningen begränsas av politiska och juridiska förutsättningar. Slutsatsen blir att det kan vara mer eller mindre lämpligt att använda förtätning som en metod för stadsutveckling beroende på områdets förutsättningar och förtätningens syfte. Förtätningsrosen är en bra metod att använda för att få en förenklad bild över områdets förtätningsmöjlighet. Dock bör rosen användas tillsammans med kompletterande uppgifter och underökningar för att ge ett mer tillförlitligt resultat.<br>Ever since the beginning of industrialization there has been a constant migration to cities from the countryside. This urbanization has led to a housing shortage in the central districts of many cities. To allow more housing on these sites the city has begun to be built inwards – densified. Densification is a “compact sprawl” of the city and means that already built-up places within the city limits are exploited further. This makes it possible for more people to live near the central parts of the city, leading to that existing resources are used more efficiently. The population of Karlstad has increased by 25 percent over the past 50 years and is expected to continue. Therefore Karlstad has to expand and one of the municipality’s methods of how the city should develop is through densification. This thesis examines the potential for densification within Sundsta in Karlstad. The intent of the study is to increase understanding of the densification concept and to analyze whether the selected area is appropriate to densify. Based on the analysis model “Förtätningsrosen” the ambition is to determine the densification potential of the area. “Förtätningsrosen” is developed by the county council of Stockholm and the potential of densification is valued by four categories: “förtätningstryck” (densification pressure), “förtätningsutrymme” (densification space), “förtätningsbehov” (densification needs) and “förtätningsfrihet” (densification freedom). Each category is divided into four factors. Depending on how well the factors apply to the area they are given a measurement - “low”, “medium” or “high”. “High” indicates that the area is suitable for densification. The result from the study shows that the area within Sundsta has a “relatively high” potential for densification. Based on “förtätningstrycket” and “förtätningsutrymmet” the area is suitable for densification since the measure was “high”. However the measurement for “förtätningsbehovet” and “förtätningsfriheten” was only “medium”. This means that the area within Sundsta is attractive and that there are available spaces to densify, but that densification is limited by the political and legal conditions. The conclusion of the thesis is that there may be more or less appropriate to use densification as a method of urban development depending on the conditions of the area and the purpose of the densification. “Förtätningsrosen” is a useful method when applied to provide a simplified view of the opportunity for densification in the area. The analysis model should however be used with supplementary information to give a more reliable result.
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Herbaut, Raynald. "L'adoption et la filiation dans les pays musulmans de rite sunnite." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0547.
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Le droit musulman de la famille auquel se rattachent les principaux codes, ayant ses principales sources dans le Coran, est voué à rester hors du siècle. Conçu pour être appliqué aux croyants, ce système place encore les Etats musulmans à l'écart de certains grands principes énoncés dans la Déclaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme. De plus le monde musulman est resté étranger à la Conférence de La Haye qui a abouti aux multiples conventions visant à l'unification de la loi applicable au droit familial. Cette thèse a voulu démontrer le pragmatisme musulman quant à l'adoption et la filiation dans les pays musulmans de rite sunnite. Elle a également montré les difficultés liées à l'adoption d'enfants musulmans du point de vue du droit international et s'est attachée à comparer sur le plan de la filiation, le droit musulman avec le droit français. Pour conclure sur une note un peu pessimiste quant à l'intégration des musulmans en France au regard de l'ordre public français<br>Muslim family law, to which the main civil legal codes are related, is based primarily on the Koran and has vowed to remain traditional. Devised for believers, this system places Muslim States outside certain important principles expressed in the universal declaration of the rights of man. Also, the Muslim world remains foreign to the Hague Convention which succeeded in passing several agreements aiming at unification of the law to be applied to families. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate Muslim pragmatism on the subject of adoption and consanguinity in lineal descent in Muslim countries of Sunni rite. It has also shown the difficulties linked to the adoption of Muslim children from an international legal perspective and endeavours to compare Muslim law to French law on the subject of consanguinity in lineal descent. It concludes on a somewhat pessimistic note regarding the integration of Muslims in France in terms of French law and order
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Dempsey, Scott Robert. "Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Sunda Arc." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6948/.
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Geochemical analyses of igneous rocks can provide valuable information about processes, element fluxes, and rock lithologies not evident at the surface. This is particularly important in subduction zone settings where complex interactions between the subducting plate, mantle wedge and arc crust cannot yet be measured by alternative methods. The Sunda arc, in SE Asia, provides an ideal opportunity to study the effects of subduction in a complex tectonic setting where the basement is poorly exposed and understood. However, in order to do so, magma compositions modified during differentiation in the arc crust must be effectively distinguished from those modified at the source. This study includes a detailed major- and trace element and isotopic (Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb) examination of volcanoes from west Java (Papandayan, Patuha and Galunggung), Central Java (Sumbing), east Java (Kelut) and Bali (Agung), the result of which provides greater insights into petrogenesis both across and along the arc. Contamination in the arc crust is more extensive than previously recognised, particularly in west and central Java where few volcanoes can be used in order to identify subduction and source contributions. In west Java, volcanoes such as Papandayan and Patuha show significant enrichments in isotope ratios above mantle values (e.g. 87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.706, 143Nd/144Nd ~ 0.5125, 208Pb/204Pb ~ 18.91 and 176Hf/177Hf ~ 0.2827) which indicates a terrigneous crustal contaminant. At Sumbing volcano, most magma compositions are similar to those at Merapi and Merbabu, and show strong evidence for the assimilation of carbonate-rich lithologies with some magmas becoming enriched in CaO, Sr and 87Sr/86Sr. Differentiation in volcanoes from east Java and the western part of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa) is dominantly controlled by fractional crystallisation, which provides better controls on source compositions. At Kelut, one group of samples show the most ‘depleted’ magma compositions yet discovered on Java, which contain MORB-like values for 143Nd/144Nd and 176Hf/177Hf (0.5130 and 0.2831 respectively). These samples represent the depleted (asthenospheric) mantle and are situated towards the front of the arc in east Java. It is likely that the progressive enrichment further back on the arc (i.e. Leucititic compositions at Ringgit-Besar) include more of an enriched (lithospheric) mantle (SCLM) component derived from the NW margin of Australia during the breakup of Gondwana.
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Djajasudarma, T. Fatimah. "Bahasa Sunda dialek Cikamurang, wilayah Trisi, Kabupaten Indramayu." Bandung : Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Padjadjaran, 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=fOgtAAAAMAAJ.
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Alva, Matteucci Mario. "El tránsito de la D.G.C. a la SUNAT." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117488.
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Perkins, Hilary Elaine. "'Plastic' perspectives : ecocriticism, epigenetics and magic real metamorphoses in the fiction of Suniti Namjoshi, Githa Hariharan and Salman Rushdie." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/418008/.
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In current research across the humanities and science, there is a burgeoning interest in ‘plasticity,’ epigenesis and ecocriticism. This project brings ideas from these fields together, and asks how they may be expanded and illuminated by metamorphoses articulated in Magic Real fiction. Thus, I argue that Magic Real literature has a significant role in disseminating contemporary bio-scientific ideas. My methodology consists of applying Catherine Malabou’s theory of plasticity to literature, arguing that ‘plastic readings’ evoke more complex and ecologically generative models of metamorphosis. As such, they subvert the merely ‘flexible’ or often vaunted general ‘interconnectedness’ of life. Philosopher of Biology John Dupré highlights the centrality of process to biological science, refuting the existence of discrete and unique individuals, and arguing that ecosystems are far more synergetic than a relatively simple interrelatedness suggests. Indeed, his theory of ‘promiscuous individualism’ repudiates the existence of discrete individuals, and ‘promiscuous realism’1 renounces inflexible species categories. The removal of such rigid classifications enable varied and limitless ‘plastic perspectives’ as evident in Magic Real fiction, and affectively convey more authentic, intensely ‘felt’ and shared responses to the environment. Thus, this thesis indicates ways in which a fusion of Magic Real literature and biological science, may productively contribute to ecocriticism. Furthermore, metaphors of skin describe the inclusiveness and ‘literal’ physicality of biological transformation in visceral and fantastic ways, connecting literature with science, and broadening the field of ecocriticism through approaches that challenge the centrality of the human self. Ecocriticism, defined by Cheryll Glotfelty in The Ecocriticism Reader, as ‘the relationship between literature and the environment,’ has previously largely involved a partial focus on ‘human’ environments, totemic species and the scientific or ‘factual’ genres of non-fiction and Western documentary. This thesis addresses these prejudices through the analysis of the work of two lesser known Postcolonial writers Suniti Namjoshi and Githa Hariharan. Their Magic Real literature addresses out-dated hierarchies of nation, gender, species and genre by elucidating metamorphoses of domestic or ‘lesser’ creatures, rather than the charismatic-megafauna more usually the subject of fiction and often employed by environmental conservation campaigns.
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Stearns, Cyrus Rembert Śes-rab-rgyal-mtshan. "The Buddha from Dol po and his Fourth council of the Buddhist doctrine /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11081.
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Larsson, Max. "Ontologi och Sunt Förnuft." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-394181.
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Ip, Lai-Kwan Regin. "Vision of sunyata-wu (void) : towards a processual perspective of social work /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16155.pdf.
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Abdalla, Mohamed. "Les principes fondateurs de la mystique musulmane sunnite : analyse théologique et juridique." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0662.
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Ittichaiyo, Sunisa [Verfasser], and Ulrich M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gassner. "Vergleich zwischen der thailändischen und der deutschen Regulierung des Netzanschlusses und Netzzugangs im Strombereich / Sunisa Ittichaiyo ; Betreuer: Ulrich M. Gassner." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1218971924/34.
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Hasan, Suhaib. "The concept of the Mahdi among Ahl al-Sunna." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340432.
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Alghannam, Lujain Ali, Wadyan Osama Ayyad, Lago Montenegro Carla Gabriela Do, et al. "Geophysical Surveys Near Tucson Electric Power Sundt Generating Station." LASI Laboratory for Advanced Surface Imaging, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624632.
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Tucson Electric Power (TEP) is carrying out subsurface investigations in order to locate more groundwater for cooling at the Sundt power-generating plant. To assist with this investigation, the University of Arizona GEN/GEOS 416/516 Field Studies in Geophysics class conducted geophysics surveys in an area just south of Davis-Monthan Air Force Base and between UTM coordinates 508,555 to 511,753 East and 3,553,705 to 3,556,895 North. Four geophysics methods (Gravity, Magnetics, Transient Electromagnetics (TEM), and Passive Seismic) were employed to locate a postulated fault, which may be correlated with ground water flow. A broad regional magnetic anomaly was mapped, as the magnetic field decreases steadily from NE to SW. There are no significant magnetic field anomalies that could be related to a potential fault. The Gravity results show a regional gravitational gradient, steadily decreasing from NE to SW, with a large isolated anomaly apparent around 1500m from the base station at the NE corner of the survey area. But, this large anomaly is a localized, and does not appear on the adjacent parallel survey lines, therefore it is not related to a potential fault contact. The Passive Seismic survey detected a deep boundary at 100m to 160m in elevation, but the depths interpreted from the 11 stations are scattered and do not show a clear trend. The Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) data show a consistent difference in depth to a low-resistivity layer along the profile line. The four TEM stations north of Interstate 10 (I10) have an average elevation for the 10 Ohm-m contour line of 720 meters. The four TEM stations south of I10 have an average elevation for the 10 Ohm-m contour line of 670 meters. This offset may be related to the postulated fault.
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Aqaian, Linda. "Skolhälsopersonalens upplevelser av att främja sunda levnadsvanor hos elever : En kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27816.
Full textAbstract:
Ohälsosamma levnadsvanor bland barn och ungdomar är ett folkhälsoproblem. Ett av skolhälsovårdens uppdrag är att verka för sunda levnadsvanor hos eleverna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka skolhälsopersonalens upplevelser av att främja sunda levnadsvanor hos skolbarn i 6-10 års ålder vid kommunala grundskolor i Västerås Stad. En kvalitativ studiedesign valdes för att uppnå syftet. Datainsamlingen skedde genom sex individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolhälsovårdens personal och en manifest innehållsanalys tillämpades för att analysera insamlad data. Resultatet visade att samverkan mellan olika aktörer mot ett gemensamt mål samt en individbaserat arbetsmetod ansågs vara centrala förutsättningar för skolhälsopersonalen för att främja sunda levnadsvanor hos elever. Ojämlik resursfördelning, brist på kompetens hos skolsköterskor samt brist på effektiva evidensbaserade arbetsstrategier identifierades som utmaningar för att uppfylla målet. I resultatet framkom även att skolhälsopersonalen upplever sin roll både som vägledande och stödjande för beteendeförändringar mot sunda levnadsvanor. Studien visade dock att dessa roller behövde förstärkas. Det behövs mer forskning för att utveckla evidensbaserad kunskap och ett evidensbaserat ramverk för att bemöta de upplevda utmaningarna inom skolhälsovårdens hälsofrämjande arbete för att främja sunda levnadsvanor hos elever.<br>Unhealthy lifestyles are increasing among children and this has been identified as a public health problem. School is a key setting for promoting healthy lifestyles. The school health services have an ambition to promote healthy lifestyles among pupils. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of school healthcare staff of promoting healthy lifestyles among school children 6-10 years old at the municipal primary schools in the city of Västerås. A qualitative study design was chosen and data collection took place through six individual semi-structured interviews with school healthcare staff. A content analysis was applied to analyze the collected data. The study showed that collaboration between various stakeholders towards a common goal as well as a person-centered approach were considered as main facilitators for the school healthcare staff to promote healthy lifestyles. Unequal distribution of resources, lack of knowledge and skills among school nurses and lack of practical evidence-based working strategies were considered as challenges for the school healthcare staff to promote healthy lifestyles. This study proved to be a guiding as well as a supporting role for the school healthcare staff in health behaviour changes in pupils and their families. This study, however, showed that these roles needed to be strengthened. More research is required to improve evidence-based knowledge and to develop an evidence-based framework to address the perceived challenges in school healthcare efforts towards promoting healthy lifestyles among pupils.
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Bork-Qaysieh, Waltraud. "Die Geschichte von Kain und Abel (Hābīl wa-Qābīl) in der sunnitisch-islamischen Überlieferung : Untersuchung von Beispielen aus verschiedenen Literaturwerken unter Berücksichtigung ihres Einflusses auf den Volksglauben /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35604055b.
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Magano, Abram Tshwaro. "The design of a communication protocol for a distributed ADCS for SUNSAT 2." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52506.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the main subsystems of SUNSAT is the Attitude Determination and
Control System (ADCS), responsible for the orientation and positioning of the
satellite. Due to the integrated architecture of the system, several shortcomings
were identified. A possible solution to the problems is the implementation of a
distributed system. The design of a communication protocol for a distributed
system is the focus of this thesis.
An investigation on different network topologies and communication protocols as
well as error control techniques is carried out to establish a combination that
meets the requirements of the ADCS. Based on defined protocol specifications a
detailed protocol design is proposed. Then the protocol is implemented using a
layered software structure that emanates from the OSI layering model, to provide
well defined software structures and interfaces. A series of measurements have
shown that the protocol meets the functional requirements of the ADCS and
further provides reliable data transfer on the network.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die vernaamste dele van SUNSAT is die "Attitude Determination and
Control System" (ADCS) wat verantwoordelik is vir die orientasie en
posisionering van die satelliet. Verskeie tekortkomminge as gevolg van die
geYntegreerde argitektuurvan die stelsel, is geYdentifiseer. 'n Moontlike oplossing
vir die probleme is die implementering van 'n verspreide stelsel. Die ontwerp van
'n kommunikasie protokol vir 'n verspreide stelsel is die fokus van die tesis.
'n Ondersoek na verskeie netwerk topoloqie en kommukasie protokolle, asook
foutbeheer tegnieke is uitgevoer om vas te stel watter kombinasie die ADCS se
vereistes sal bevredig. 'n Gedetaileerde protokol ontwerp is voorgestel gebaseer
op gedefineerde protokol spesifikasies. Hierdie protokol is toe geYmplementeer
deur gebruik te maak van vlak gestruktureerde sagteware wat afkomstig is van
die OSI model, met die oog op goed gedefineerde sagteware strukture en
koppelvlakke. 'n Reeks meetings het aangedui dat die protokol die funksionele
vereistes van die ADCS bevredig en dat dit verder betroubare data verplasing
oor die netwerk verskaf.
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Yahia, Mohyddin. "La contribution de l'imâm As-Šāfiʿī à la méthodologie juridique de l'islâm sunnite". Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5062.
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The present doctoral thesis deals with one of the fourth founders of Islamic fiqh, i. E. , with some aspects of Shāfi'ī's legal theory (150-204 AH / 767-820 AD). It’s studied not only from the point of view of the classical usul al-fiqh, but also, in a more general way, the other aspects of his intellectual activity. After summing up the main results of the recent researches about the early history of fiqh, we make a close study of the following questions: the biography of Shāfi'ī' ; the authenticity of the texts attributed to him ; the legal dimension and the extra-legal dimension of his doctrine ; the theoretical bonds between the two mains sources whence he draws his jurisprudence, in the light of the concept of bayan ; to which degree he uses the classical four roots of jurisprudence ; the different aspects of the prophetical and non prophetical Hâdith in his juridical literature<br>La présente thèse traite de quelques-uns des aspects de la théorie légale attachée à l’un des quatre chefs d’école du fiqh sunnite, Muhammad b. Idris As-Šāfi (150-204 AH / 767-820 AD). Nous envisageons celle-ci sous l’angle des usul al-fiqh, mais aussi d’une manière plus générale dans ses rapports avec d’autres aspects de l’activité intellectuelle du fondateur. Après avoir dressé le bilan actuel des recherches sur le fiqh primitif, sont successivement examinées les questions suivantes : le parcours biographique de As-Šāfi en liaison avec l’évolution de sa doctrine légale ; la question de l’authenticité du corpus Šāfi’ien ; le légal et l’extra-légal chez As-Šāfi ; la place du Coran ; les relations herméneutiques dans les deux sources principales de sa jurisprudence à la lumière du concept de bayan ; le degré d’évolution des usul al-fiqh et la pertinence de leur quadripartition dans le corpus As-Šāfi’ien ; les différentes questions relatives au Hadîth prophétique ou extra-prophétique dans celui-ci
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Fulda, Christian B. "Demokratie und pacta sunt servanda." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966406508.
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Palmqvist, Sara, and Sofie Westerberg. "Att främja sunda och regelbundna frukosvanor hos ungdomar : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18018.
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Bakgrund: Flertalet ungdomar äter idag inte frukost, det finns många olika anledningar till detta men det är konstaterat att det är när barnen kommer upp i tonåren som det blir allt vanligare att de avstår frukosten. För att främja folkhälsan är det av vikt att vända denna trend. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur sunda och regelbundna frukostvanor kan främjas bland ungdomar i åldern 12-18 år. Metod: För att besvara syftet i denna studie gjordes en systematisk litteraturstudie, där artikelsökningar i databaserna PsycInfo och PubMed utfördes. Artiklar begränsades till publikationsår 1995-2012 och det resulterade i att elva artiklar användes i studiens temaanalys. Resultat: För att beskriva hur sunda och regelbundna frukostvanor kan främjas bland ungdomar presenterades i denna studie de fyra temaområdena påverkan från föräldrar, förankring och samverkan i ungdomars omgivning, ökad tillgänglighet av frukostalternativ samt ökad kunskap om frukost och hälsa. I vilken grad ungdomar äter frukost berodde till stor del på hur engagerade deras familjer var samt vilken förankring som fanns i den omgivande miljön under interventioner. Likaså berodde det på vilken tillgång ungdomarna hade till sunda frukostalternativ samt hur stor kunskap och förståelse de hade för frukostens betydelse för hälsan. Implikation: Utifrån den här studiens resultat kan ökad utbildning för ungdomar inom kost och hälsa rekommenderas, även servering av frukost i skolorna kan vara ett framgångsrikt koncept för främjandet av sunda frukostvanor. I framtiden kan det också vara av intresse att forska kring vad som får ungdomar att äta frukost samt vilken betydelse familjen har för dessa vanor.
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Shulgin, Alexey [Verfasser]. "Subduction zone segmentation along the Sunda Margin, Indonesia / Alexey Shulgin." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023870339/34.
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Castro, Cristina Maria de. "A construção de identidades muçulmanas no Brasil : um estudo das comunidades sunitas da cidade de Campinas e do bairro paulistano do Brás." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1404.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
1624.pdf: 1104585 bytes, checksum: 423f716310336430543ca66f91bacb9a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007-02-16<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>This thesis analyses the construction of Muslim identities in Brasil, basically
through the participant observation technique in the Islamic Center of Campinas and the
Islamic Youth League, in Brás neighbourhood, in São Paulo city. I try to understand how
this process of construction of identity happens towards: 1) the negotiation with the
Brazilian host society, caracterized by the strong presence of Catholicism, the growth of
Protestantism, a secular state, a basically Western culture, dependency on the USA and the
Brazilian tradition of absorbing immigrants in a very strong process of assimmilation; 2)
the globalization of islamite trends, also meaning the creation of a new consciousness of
Ummah and; 3) the negotiations inside the Muslim communities, between Arabs and
converts and also between men and women to define what means to be a male and female
Muslim in Brazil. Finally, the comparative study of two Muslim communities with such
different profiles as the Sunni communities of Campinas and Brás, allows to analyse until
what point different occupations, ethnic backgrounds and spatial distributions promote the
arising of different Islamic practices and speeches, towards the fields previously delimited .<br>Esta tese analisa a construção de identidades muçulmanas no Brasil,
fundamentalmente através da técnica de observação participante junto ao Centro Islâmico
de Campinas e à Liga da Juventude Islâmica Beneficente do Brasil, no bairro do Brás, em
São Paulo. Procuro apreender como se dá este processo de construção identitária frente: 1)
à negociação com a sociedade brasileira, caracterizada pela forte presença do catolicismo,
do crescimento do protestantismo, da cultura basicamente ocidental, do estado secular, da
dependência dos EUA e da tradição de acolher os imigrantes e absorvê-los em um processo
de abrasileiramento; 2) à globalização de tendências islamitas (ou fundamentalistas),
inclusive no sentido da globalização criar uma nova consciência da Ummah, a comunidade
muçulmana mundial, e; 3) às negociações internas entre árabes e conversos e entre homens
e mulheres pela definição do que é ser muçulmano e muçulmana no Brasil. Por fim, o
estudo comparativo de duas comunidades muçulmanas com perfis tão distintos quanto as
comunidades sunitas de Campinas e do Brás permite analisar até que ponto ocupações,
etnias e distribuições espaciais distintas podem gerar práticas e discursos islâmicos
diferenciados, à luz dos campos delimitados previamente.
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Guarraoui, Mohamed el Amine. "La sunna : droit, société et politique dans la doctrine réformiste (19ème - 20ème siècle)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020036.
Full textAbstract:
A partir du moment où l'on reconnaît que le délai entre la mort du prophète Muhammad et la mise en plusieurs et différents corpus de la Sunna est un délai de plusieurs décennies, il devient inévitable de reconnaître en même temps que le hiatus entre les deux entités (les dires et faires du prophète et leurs reflets dans le scripturaire) ne sont pas seulement d'ordre formel. Toutefois, l'institution théologique classique a réussi, non seulement à minimiser les conséquences de ce clivage et à faire de ces corpus établis le reflet sacralisé de la deuxième source du droit en Islam, mais elle a réussi aussi à établir un mur infranchissable, entre le lecteur et tout ce qui lui permet d'accéder directement aux interrogations légitimes et rationnelles, concernant la nature de la Sunna et son sens même lors de son surgissement et de sa mise en corpus. Notre travail tente une relecture historique de l'apport des maîtres réformistes en matière de Sunna par rapport aux autres sources de l'orthodoxie islamique à savoir le Coran l'ijmâ' et l'iitihâd. Une relecture, d'abord dans ce hiatus que nous avons signalé, pour essayer d'en évaluer l'importance et les implications; ainsi nous avons pu démontrer que les maîtres réformistes ont pu dépasser pour la première fois dans l'histoire, les tensions, les contradictions, les immobilismes, les affrontements et les protagonismes avec une reprise critique de tous les fondements (usûl) de la pensée islamique y compris, le Coran et la Sunna. Une critique ouverte à la pensée scientifique vers de nouveaux modes d'intelligibilité et d'appropriation du réel, afin de transgresser tous les tabous faussement sacrés. Ce travail nous a permis enfin de constater l'arrêt brusque et brutal de l'action des maîtres réformistes qui fut la force tranquille d'une réelle « critique de la raison islamique », pour laisser le champ libre à deux formes « d'extrémisme » destructeur, celui de l'Etat et celui de l'Individu marginalisé. Dès lors peut-on encore parler de la renaissance d'un autre combat entre raison théologique dogmatique et raison « scientiste » sans foi ni loi ?<br>From the moment we accept that many decades passed between the death of the Prophet Muhammad and the collecting of the many different texts interpreting the Sunna, we must also accept that the gap between the two entities (the words and the acts of the Prophet and their reflection in the Scriptures) is not merely of a formai nature. However, the classical theological institutions have managed not only to minimize the consequences of this division and make this established corpus into the second source of jurisdiction in Islam, but also to build an impenetrable wall between the reader and everything that aliows him to raise legitimate and rational questions concerning the nature of the Sunna and its meaning, including its appearance and its collection. Our work suggests a historical reconsideration of the works of reformist scholars in terms of the Sunna compared with the other sources of Islamic orthodoxy, that is the Koran, the Ijma' and the Ijtihad. Firstly, a reconsideration of the gap that we mentioned, in order to try to evaluate its importance and implications. In this way we have shown that the reformist scholars had, for the first lime in history, overcome the tensions, contradictions, stagnation, clashes and protagonisms with a new critical approach to ail the foundations (usul) of Islamic thought, including the Koran and the Sunna. Acritique open to scientific thought towards new ways of intelligibility and appropriation of the real, in order to surmount all the taboos sanctified without legal ground. Secondly, this work enabled us to perceive the swift and brutal interruption in the work of the reformist scholars, who were a peaceful force of the one real « criticism of the Islamic mind » to leave some space to two forms of destructive « terrorism » -that of the state and that of the marginalized individual. Since then, can we still talk about the renaissance of another combat between the dogmatic theological mind and the supposed faithless and lawless « scientific » mind?
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Wagenaar, Peter Simon. "The shadowed corners of sunlit ruins: Gothic elements in twentieth century children's adventure fiction." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002293.
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This thesis examines the way in which children's adventure fiction makes use of Gothic features, how these features have been modified for a younger audience and how these modifications have been influenced by other developments in children's and popular fiction: Chapter One sets out to define the nature of Gothic and isolate those aspects of it relevant to the proposed study. It puts forward a theory to account for the movement of Gothic trends into later children's fiction. Chapter Two examines the use of landscape, setting and atmospheric effects in Gothic and the way in which children's fiction has used similar trappings to create similar effects. Children's fiction, emphasising pleasurable excitement rather than fear has, however, muted these effects somewhat and played down the role of the supernatural, so intrinsic to Gothic. Chapter Three emphasises the Gothic's use of stereotypes, focusing on the portrayal of heroes and heroines. Those of children's fiction are portrayed very similarly to those of Gothic and the chapter compares and, on occasion, contrasts them noting, inter alia, their adherence to rigid moral codes and narrowly defined norms of masculine and feminine behaviour. Chapter Four looks at the portrayal of villains and the way in which their appearance defines them as such (as, indeed, does that of heroes and heroines). It examines in some detail their relationship to and interaction with the heroes and heroines, noting, for example, the 'pseudo-parental' role of villains who are characteristically older and in socially approved positions to exert power over heroes and heroines. The Conclusion addresses the fantasy aspect of these novels,referred to several times in passing in the course of earlier chapters, and comments on how the features detailed in Chapters Two, Three and Four all operate within the conventions of a fantasy.
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Jacobs, M. J. "A low cost, high precision star sensor." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4659.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 1995.<br>189 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-126. Includes bibliography, list of appendixes, figures, notation and symbols. Digitized at 300 dpi (OCR), using a Bizhub 250 Scanner.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Sunsat microsatellite is being developed at the University of Stellenbosch. It is
equipped with a high resolution earth imager which requires a sophisticated attitude
determination and control system. Precise control of the satellite is impossible without
high precision attitude sensors. The most accurate attitude sensor presently used by
satellites is the star sensor.
The aim 'of this thesis is to develop a low cost, high precision star sensor for the
Sunsat microsatellite. The development included the selection of electronic and
optical hardware followed by the design, construction and testing of the sensor.
Software algorithms were developed and programmed to control the imager, extract
stars from images and match the observed constellations to a star catalogue. A set of
matching observed and reference vectors are passed to the attitude determination and
control system which calculates the three axis orientation of the satellite.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Sunsat mikrosatelliet word tans by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch ontwikkel.
Dit is toegerus met 'n hoeresolusie aardwaarnemingskamera en vereis 'n gevorderde
orientasiebepaling-en beheerstelsel. Presiese beheer is onmoontlik sonder akkurate
sensore. 'n Stersensor is die mees akkurate tipe sensor waarmee satelliete tans
toegerus word.
Die doelwit van hierdie tesis is die ontwikkeling van 'n hoe resolusie, laekoste
stersensor vir die Sunsat mikrosatelliet. Die ontwikkeling behels die seleksie van
elektroniese en optiese apparatuur wat gevolg is deur die ontwerp, opbou en toets van
die sensor. Programmatuur algoritrnes is ontwerp om die kamera te beheer, sterre in
fotos te herken en waargenome konstellasies in die sterkatalogus te vind. 'n Stel
waargenome en verwysingsvektore stel die orientasiebepaling-en beheerstelsel in staat
om die orientasie van die satelliet te bereken.