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Journal articles on the topic 'Sunscreen use'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Ghiasvand, Reza, Elisabete Weiderpass, Adele C. Green, Eiliv Lund, and Marit B. Veierød. "Sunscreen Use and Subsequent Melanoma Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 33 (2016): 3976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.67.5934.

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Purpose To assess melanoma risk in relation to sunscreen use and to compare high– with low–sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreens in relation to sunbathing habits in a large cohort study. Materials and Methods We used data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, a prospective population-based study of 143,844 women age 40 to 75 years at inclusion with 1,532,247 person-years of follow-up and 722 cases of melanoma. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between sunscreen use (never, SPF < 15, SPF ≥ 15) and melanoma risk by calculating hazard

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2

Chiou, Win L. "Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Sunscreens: Efficacy Evaluation, Melanoma Incidences and Very Low to Very High Sun Protection Factor." Journal of Dermatologic Research And Therapy 1, no. 3 (2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2471-2175.jdrt-20-3274.

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Pharmacodynamic modeling of sunscreens was performed using a new concept of Skin UV Index (SUI) on the exposed skin as a parameter to evaluate the potential effectiveness of sunscreens against sun damage. The SUI predicts the UV heat intensity on the skin surface in terms of the solar UV Index at the time of the study and is calculated by solar UV Index/sunscreen’s SPF. SUI numbers for sunscreen with SPF ranging from 2 to 100 under a solar UV Index of 10 was used for illustration. Based on guidelines from WHO, Australia and New Zealand, sunscreens yielding SUI < 3 are assumed to be effectiv

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Amber, Kyle T., Romi Bloom, Patrick Staropoli, Sonam Dhiman, and Shasa Hu. "Assessing the Current Market of Sunscreen: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sunscreen Availability in Three Metropolitan Counties in the United States." Journal of Skin Cancer 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/285357.

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Sunscreen use is recommended for the prevention of sunburn and skin cancer. Little is known regarding sunscreen availability in high versus low income communities. We analyzed sunscreen availability in three large metropolitan counties to determine the relationship between availability and community demographics. We included sun care products in all pharmacies and supermarkets open as of July 2013 in representative high and low income zip codes in Cook County, Illinois, Miami-Dade County, Florida, and San Diego County, California. We recorded the percentage of tanning oil, sunscreens with a su

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Khan, Masheer Ahmed. "SUN PROTECTION FACTOR DETERMINATION STUDIES OF SOME SUNSCREEN FORMULATIONS USED IN COSMETICS FOR THEIR SELECTION." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (2018): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1924.

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The study involves determination of sun protection factor (SPF) values of some sunscreen formulations for their use in cosmetics. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a very popular instrument in the marketing of sunscreens. Sun protection factor is a laboratory measure of the effectiveness of sunscreen, the higher the SPF, the more protection a sunscreen offers against the ultraviolet radiations causing sunburn. It is often not understood how sunscreens work and where the limitations of the SPF are. A lot of aspects of the SPF are confusing, e.g. the race for higher and higher numbers, the effe

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5

Beleznay, Katie, Gillian de Gannes, and Sunil Kalia. "Analysis of the Prevalence of Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Sunscreen: A Cohort Study." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 18, no. 1 (2014): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2013.13041.

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Background: As the use of sunscreens becomes more prevalent, reports of adverse effects to sunscreens have increased. Objective: To analyze a patch test database for the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to sunscreen. Methods: The database was searched for positive patch test reactions to benzophenone-3. Charts were also reviewed for those who were further tested to the sunscreen series. Results: Twenty-three of the 1,527 patients seen were tested to the sunscreen series. Of these, only 4 patients had a positive reaction to a sunscreen chemical or to the product they were using.

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Nicol, Noreen Heer, and Susan L. Schlepp. "Sunscreen Use." Plastic Surgical Nursing 19, no. 3 (1999): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006527-199919030-00009.

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Nicol, Noreen Heer, and Susan L. Schlepp. "Sunscreen Use." Plastic Surgical Nursing 19, no. 3 (1999): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006527-199923000-00009.

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8

Casas-Beltrán, Diego Armando, Karelys Febles-Moreno, Emely Hernandez-Yac, et al. "Impact of Tourist Behavior on the Discharge of Sunscreen Contamination in Aquatic Parks, Sinkholes, and Beaches of the Mexican Caribbean." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 6882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156882.

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The Mexican Caribbean is part of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, considered the second largest reef system globally. This system, as well as inland aquatic ecosystems, are at risk of contamination due to the intensive use of sunscreen by the tourists who visit the Riviera Maya each year. At present, the regulation and management of sunscreens are inconsistent, with most policies and legislation focused on the protected marine areas with little current focus on inland aquatic ecosystems. An estimated 229.76 tons of sunscreen are used annually, with residues putting the health of the marin

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Julian, Anne K., Jessica Welch, Maddison M. Bean, Sarah Shahid, and Frank M. Perna. "Information About Sunscreen on YouTube and Considerations for Sun Safety Promotion: Content Analysis." JMIR Dermatology 3, no. 1 (2020): e14411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14411.

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Background Sunscreen use is a popular sun protection method; however, application of sunscreen rarely meets the standards recommended for effectiveness. Access to information about how to effectively use sunscreen may play a role in proper sunscreen application. The internet is a common health information source; however, the quality of sunscreen-related content varies. Objective The objective of this study was to examine information about sunscreen in YouTube videos by video source. Methods In November 2017, the authors identified the 20 most popular YouTube videos (sorted by view count and r

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Megargell, Andrea, and Steven E. Shive. "Parental Sunscreen Use." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 2 (2006): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i2.1934.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between parents’ knowledge and attitudes about sunscreen use and their reported sunscreen use behaviors with their children, ages one to twelve, when playing outside and at the pool or beach in a rural and diverse population. Door-to-door surveys were conducted in randomly selected neighborhoods. Knowledge of doctors’ minimum SPF recommendation was found to be significant in how often sunscreen was used outside and at the pool or beach. Knowledge of the sun’s strongest hours was significantly related to how often sunscreen was used wit

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Aburto-Corona, Jorge, and Luis Aragón-Vargas. "Sunscreen Use and Sweat Production in Men and Women." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 9 (2016): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.01.

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Context: Sunscreen lotions are important to protect the skin during outdoor exercise, but they may interfere with sweating. Objective: To measure the effect of 2 water-resistant sunscreens on local sweat production in men and women exercising in the heat and to compare those effects with the expected inhibition resulting from the use of an antiperspirant. Design: Randomized crossover study. Setting: Exercise in the heat (ambient temperature = 30.2°C ± 0.4°C dry bulb and 58% ± 4.3% relative humidity) in a controlled-environment laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty physically activ

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Chesnut, Cameron, and Jenny Kim. "Is There Truly No Benefit with Sunscreen Use and Basal Cell Carcinoma? A Critical Review of the Literature and the Application of New Sunscreen Labeling Rules to Real-World Sunscreen Practices." Journal of Skin Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/480985.

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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy. Both epidemiological and direct evidence have established ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun as the most important risk factor for BCC development. There has only been one randomized and controlled study to examine sunscreen's role in the prevention of BCC, and no significant protective benefit was found. This study did not address four important concepts: sunscreen abuse, sunscreen misuse, sunscreen formulation, and cumulative UV exposure. Thus, the results of this study are difficult to interpret and extrapolate with real-wo

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Fisher, Paul G. "Sunscreen use matters." Journal of Pediatrics 166, no. 6 (2015): 1329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.022.

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14

Perugini, Paola, Margherita Bonetti, Arianna Cecilia Cozzi, and Giorgio Lorenzo Colombo. "Topical Sunscreen Application Preventing Skin Cancer: Systematic Review." Cosmetics 6, no. 3 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6030042.

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Background: Avoiding extended exposure to direct sunlight and the topical application of sunscreen when exposed are the main techniques used to protect the skin form sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancer risk (melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer). Preventive strategies could lead to a significant reduction of the excessive health system cost for the treatment of these conditions. Sunscreen employment and efficacy stay controversial despite decades of humane use with health benefits closely related. At the present, few studies still found a connection between the use of sunscreen and not signi

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15

Garima Negi, Geeta Bhandari. "In Vitro Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor of Plant Extracts By Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Method." Universities' Journal of Phytochemistry and Ayurvedic Heights 1, no. 30 (2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51129/ujpah-june2021-30-1(8).

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Abstract-Acute and chronic exposure to nonphysiological doses of ultraviolet radiation leads to variety of changes of skin ranging from sun-burn, erythema to skin cancer. For skin protection from deleterious effects of sunlight, sunscreen products are used in various forms having chemical and physical filters. However, synthetic sunscreen formulations are reported to cause adverse effects. Thus the present study was planned to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF) of leaves extract of Murraya koenigii for their application as herbal sunscreens. The results suggested that the occurrence of a

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16

Bode, Ann M., and Eunmiri Roh. "Are FDA-Approved Sunscreen Components Effective in Preventing Solar UV-Induced Skin Cancer?" Cells 9, no. 7 (2020): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071674.

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Solar ultraviolet (SUV) exposure is a major risk factor in the etiology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). People commonly use sunscreens to prevent SUV-induced skin damage and cancer. Nonetheless, the prevalence of cSCC continues to increase every year, suggesting that commercially available sunscreens might not be used appropriately or are not completely effective. In the current study, a solar simulated light (SSL)-induced cSCC mouse model was used to investigate the efficacy of eight commonly used FDA-approved sunscreen components against skin carcinogenesis. First, we tested FDA

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Farmer, Kevin C., Mark F. Naylor, Juan Roca-Acén, and Marie Larouche. "Sun Exposure, Sunscreens, and Skin Cancer Prevention: A Year-Round Concern." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 6 (1996): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000615.

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Objective To review the role of sunlight in skin aging and skin cancer formation, and to provide guidelines on the use of sunscreens to minimize the adverse effects of sun damage. Data Sources A MEDLINE search of applicable articles on ultraviolet (UV) radiation, melanoma, sunscreens, and skin cancer, evaluating both human and animal studies. Published and unpublished original research as well as clinical experience were also used. Data Synthesis The interaction of UV radiation and skin type plays a central role in melanoma formation. Mortality from melanoma is highest in geographic locations

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18

AlJasser, Mohammed I., Abdullah Aljumah, Mohannad Alzaydi, et al. "Sunscreen Use among a Population of Saudi University Students." Dermatology Research and Practice 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4732721.

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Introduction. Sunscreen is an important method of sun protection. Many studies were conducted worldwide on the use of sunscreen but only few done in Saudi Arabia. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence, practices, and factors associated with sunscreen use among Saudi university students. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire on the use of sunscreen was created in English. Quota sampling technique was used since the sample was divided according to gender and colleg

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19

Marson, Justin, Aaron Farberg, Alex Glazer, et al. "Expert Consensus on Sunscreen for the Primary Prevention of Skin Cancer: Results of the Skin Cancer Prevention Working Group Conference." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 5, no. 3 (2021): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.5.3.1.

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Background: Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the overall most common type of malignancy. Despite this fact, the use of sunscreen as a primary preventative measure for skin cancer is not ubiquitous. Objective: To review the literature regarding efficacy and safety of sunscreens and to process and condense data into overarching principles to provide guidance to the general public and improve outcomes for melanoma NMSC. Methods: A systematic review of the literature pertaining to sunscreen efficacy in the primary prevention of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, safety in huma

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20

Brand, Rhonda M., James Pike, Roselyn M. Wilson, and Anna R. Charron. "Sunscreens containing physical UV blockers can increase transdermal absorption of pesticides." Toxicology and Industrial Health 19, no. 1 (2003): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233703th169oa.

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People are encouraged to wear sunscreens because of their effectiveness at reducing the risk of skin cancer. The dermal penetration of the herbicide 2,4-D can be enhanced by commercial formulations containing chemical ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, the absorbers themselves and the insect repellent DEET. This work has been extended to determine whether commercially available sunscreens containing the physical UV absorbers titanium dioxide (TiO2) or zinc oxide (ZnO) enhance the transdermal absorption of pesticides. Hairless mouse skin was pretreated with either commercially available sunscreens or

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21

Autier, Philippe, Gianluca Severi, and Jean-François Doré. "Betacarotene and sunscreen use." Lancet 354, no. 9196 (1999): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77064-1.

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Green, Adèle, Gail Williams, Rachel Neale, and Diana Battistutta. "Betacarotene and sunscreen use." Lancet 354, no. 9196 (1999): 2163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77065-3.

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23

Linder, Jeffrey A., and Jeffrey A. Tice. "Betacarotene and sunscreen use." Lancet 354, no. 9196 (1999): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77066-5.

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Autier, Philippe, Jean-Fran??ois Dor??, Fran??oise Renard, et al. "Melanoma and sunscreen use." Melanoma Research 7, SUPPLEMENT 2 (1997): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008390-199708001-00018.

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25

DeLeo, Vincent. "Sunscreen Use in Photodermatoses." Dermatologic Clinics 24, no. 1 (2006): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2005.09.004.

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Kim, Dennis P., Indy Chabra, Pawan Chabra, and Evan C. Jones. "Sunscreen use while driving." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 68, no. 6 (2013): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2012.12.964.

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27

Issachar, N., A. Nkengne, C. Bertin, and C. Robert. "Misuse of suncare products: Toward a protocol for sunscreen application." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1548.

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1548 Background: Increasing awareness of the UV-induced skin carcinogenesis has led to a significant demand for improved photo-protection both in UVB and UVA ranges. Sunscreen products are subjected to strict efficacy controls relying on standardized UV protection measurements and are widely recommended by oncologists and dermatologists in order to prevent skin cancers. However, sunscreen effectiveness depends not only on the quality of the product itself but also on the way people use it in real life. Misuse of suncare products might even lead to opposite deleterious effects. We conducted thr

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Berndt, Nadine C., David L. O'Riordan, Elisabeth Winkler, Liane McDermott, Kym Spathonis, and Neville Owen. "Social Cognitive Correlates of Young Adult Sport Competitors’ Sunscreen Use." Health Education & Behavior 38, no. 1 (2010): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198110367996.

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Young adults participating in outdoor sports represent a high-risk group for excessive sun exposure. The purpose of this study was to identify modifiable social cognitive correlates of sunscreen use among young adult competitors. Participants aged 18 to 30 years who competed in soccer ( n = 65), surf-lifesaving ( n = 63), hockey ( n = 61), and tennis ( n = 48) completed a sun habits survey. Almost half ( n = 113) of the participants used sunscreen inadequately and 30% ( n = 70) reported not using sunscreen. In fully adjusted models, social cognitive attributes significantly ( p < .05) assoc

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Provost, Nathalie, Ian Landells, and Stuart Maddin. "Sunscreens: Past, Present, and Future." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 10, no. 3_suppl (2006): S14—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2006.00027.

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Sunscreens form an important modality for cutaneous photoprotection. Sunscreen formulations incorporate many features that provide protection from ultraviolet (UV)-induced carcinogenesis, immunosuppression, and accelerated photoaging. Since the 1920s, when the link between skin cancer and UV radiation was first observed, sunscreen use has become part of our daily routine. Chemical and physical modifications are continuously made to formulations so that they may be more appealing to the general population, especially to those with fair skin. The demand for a formula that is effective in its UV

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Abroms, Lorien, Cynthia M. Jorgensen, Brian G. Southwell, Alan C. Geller, and Karen M. Emmons. "Gender Differences in Young Adults’ Beliefs About Sunscreen Use." Health Education & Behavior 30, no. 1 (2003): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198102239257.

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This study employs focus group methodology to explore gender differences in sunscreen use. Guided by the theory of reasoned action, males and females were found to differ on each of the following constructs: behavior, behavioral beliefs, and normative beliefs. Males and females differed in their sunscreen use, with females adopting a more preventive style of sunscreen use and males a more reactive style. Males and females differed in their salient beliefs that motivated their sunscreen use, many of which were related to traditional American gender roles. In addition, although males and females

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Merten, Julie Williams, Jessica L. King, Melissa J. Vilaro, and Erin Largo-Wight. "Lifestyle Factors Associated With Sunscreen Use Among Young Adults." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 12, no. 4 (2016): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827616661472.

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Background. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States with melanoma rates increasing. Sunscreen use is an effective way to protect the skin and reduce skin cancer risk. Limited research has been conducted examining the relationship between sunscreen use and other lifestyle factors. Interventions aimed at multiple lifestyle factors have shown promise for prevention and reduced health care costs. Objective. This study explores the relationship between sunscreen use and lifestyle factors associated with mortality and morbidity among young adults. Lifestyle factors examined includ

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WULF, H. "WS115 Sunscreen use and usefulness." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 9 (September 1997): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(97)89271-9.

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33

Westerdahl, Johan, Christian Ingvar, Anna Måsbäck, and Håkan Olsson. "Sunscreen use and malignant melanoma." International Journal of Cancer 87, no. 1 (2000): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0215(20000701)87:1<145::aid-ijc22>3.0.co;2-3.

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Pincus, Matthew W., P. Karl Rollings, Allan B. Craft, and Adele Green. "SUNSCREEN USE ON QUEENSLAND BEACHES." Australasian Journal of Dermatology 32, no. 1 (1991): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.1991.tb00676.x.

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Hamant, Erica S., and Brian B. Adams. "Sunscreen use among collegiate athletes." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 53, no. 2 (2005): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.04.056.

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Kubar, Wendy L., James R. Rodrigue, and Russell G. Hoffmann. "Children and Exposure to the Sun: Relationships among Attitudes, Knowledge, Intentions, and Behavior." Psychological Reports 77, no. 3_suppl (1995): 1136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3f.1136.

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This study examined the relationships among measures of knowledge of skin cancer, attitudes toward sun exposure, intentions to use sunscreen, and self-reported use of sunscreen by 105 fifth-grade children. Positive correlations were obtained between knowledge and intentions to use sunscreen, knowledge and healthier attitudes, and intentions to use sunscreen and healthier attitudes toward sun exposure. Surprisingly, knowledge, attitudes, and intentions were not significantly associated with reported use of sunscreen. Researchers designing interventions to effect behavioral change, i.e., sunscre

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Green, Adèle C., Gail M. Williams, Valerie Logan, and Geoffrey M. Strutton. "Reduced Melanoma After Regular Sunscreen Use: Randomized Trial Follow-Up." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 3 (2011): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.7078.

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Purpose Regular sunscreen use prevents cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma long term, but the effect on melanoma is highly controversial. We evaluated whether long-term application of sunscreen decreases risk of cutaneous melanoma. Participants and Methods In 1992, 1,621 randomly selected residents of Nambour, a township in Queensland, Australia, age 25 to 75 years, were randomly assigned to daily or discretionary sunscreen application to head and arms in combination with 30 mg beta carotene or placebo supplements until 1996. Participants were observed until 2006 with questionnaires and/or throu

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Hernández-Pedraza, Miguel, José Adán Caballero-Vázquez, Jorge Carlos Peniche-Pérez, Ignacio Alejandro Pérez-Legaspi, Diego Armando Casas-Beltran, and Jesús Alvarado-Flores. "Toxicity and Hazards of Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Sunscreens to Aquatic Life of Quintana Roo, Mexico." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083270.

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Sunscreens have spread widely into aquatic systems over the last 18 years in Quintana Roo, Mexico. This contamination is caused by intensive use as a result of leisure activities, as sunbathers apply the substances intensively (up to 83.75% of tourists and locals). Moreover, 25% of the compounds are mainly released into the water through topical products washing off. On average, 300,000 tourists arrive every week in Quintana Roo, increasing the contamination. In addition, there are no recent studies on sunscreen toxicity and the hazards this represents for the native zooplankton of Quintana Ro

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Ngoc, Tran, Moon, Chae, Park, and Lee. "Recent Trends of Sunscreen Cosmetic: An Update Review." Cosmetics 6, no. 4 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6040064.

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been demonstrated to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and relative symptoms of prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders (sunburn, skin aging, and immunosuppression) through their ability to absorb, reflect, and scatter UV. Many commercial products have recently been manufactured from not only usual organic and inorganic UV filters, but also hybrid and botanical ingredients using typical formulations (emulsion, gel, aerosol, and stick). Particularly, these products have been

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40

Goldenhersh, Michael A., and Meni Koslowsky. "Increased Melanoma After Regular Sunscreen Use?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 18 (2011): e557-e558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.35.5727.

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Weinstock, Martin A. "Sunscreen use can reduce melanoma risk." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 17, no. 5 (2008): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2001.170506.x.

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Weinstock, Martin A. "Sunscreen use can reduce melanoma risk." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine 17, no. 5 (2001): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0781.2001.170506.x.

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43

Zinman, Raezelle. "Predictors of Sunscreen Use in Childhood." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 149, no. 7 (1995): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170200094015.

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44

Harben, Alyssa, Shelby Robinson, Javier de la Fuente, and Laura Bix. "The Role of Dispensing Device and Label Warnings on Dosing for Sunscreen Application: A Randomized Trial." Health Education & Behavior 47, no. 1 (2019): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119879739.

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Drug manufacturers are expected to provide labeling information needed to yield safe and effective product use. However, it is not clear that consumers dose sunscreen, an over-the-counter drug, appropriately; in fact, existing evidence suggests underdosing as a common phenomenon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dispensing device and labeling on self-administered doses of sunscreen in young adults. To investigate those effects, a 2 × 2 factorial laboratory experiment crossing dispensing device (two levels) with labeling treatment (two levels) was conducted. Participant

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Yi Sul, Chin, Ana Lucia Morocho-Jacomel, Fabiana Vieira Lima, et al. "In vitro water resistance evaluation of a bioactive sunscreen containing distinct film/ barrier-forming agents." Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research Journal 17, no. 2 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19277/bbr.17.2.241.

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The use of functional bioactive ingredients and the property of water resistance are differentials in the choice of more effective and safer sunscreens. Water-resistance tests are expensive, time-consuming, and usually performed on subjects that expose them to irradiation and long immersion times. Thus, the study of in vitro water resistance using different film/ barrier-forming agents is relevant for obtaining sunscreen resistant to rinsing. We aimed to evaluate the water resistance of a rutin-based bioactive sunscreen containing distinct film/barrier-forming agents by an in vitro method. The

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Gordon, Danielle, and Lyn Guenther. "Tanning Behavior of London-Area Youth." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 13, no. 1 (2009): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2008.07081.

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Background: The World Health Organization recommends that tanning parlors not be used by individuals under age 18 years. The impact of self-tanners on tanning parlor and sunscreen use by Canadian teens is unknown. Objective: To determine teens' use of, knowledge of, attitudes toward, and behavior regarding tanning parlors, self-tanning products, and sunscreen. Methods: Self-report questionnaire of grade 10 students in Thames Valley district, Ontario. Results: Indoor tanning parlors were used by 14%, self-tanners by 28%, and sunscreen daily or most days by 36%. Use was more common in females. T

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Julian, Anne, Sheryl Thorburn, and G. John Geldhof. "Health Beliefs About UV and Skin Cancer Risk Behaviors." Cancer Control 27, no. 4 (2020): 107327481989400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274819894008.

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Our purpose was to examine the beliefs of college students about UV exposure and sunscreen use and their associations with skin cancer risk and protective behaviors in a cloudy climate. The sample was online survey participants (N = 334) recruited from a large university in Oregon. After fitting an initial measurement model, we fit a structural equation model including Health Beliefs About UV (HBAU) subscales ( Health Benefits of Tanning, Seasonal Effects, Tanning Through the Winter, and Sunscreen Toxicity), outcome variables (sunscreen use, indoor tanning, and outdoor tanning), and covariates

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Heerfordt, Ida M., Linnea R. Torsnes, Peter A. Philipsen, and Hans Christian Wulf. "Sunscreen use optimized by two consecutive applications." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3 (2018): e0193916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193916.

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JANCIN, BRUCE. "Less Skin Ca With Daily Sunscreen Use." Skin & Allergy News 38, no. 7 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(07)70501-6.

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JANCIN, BRUCE. "Sunscreen Use Low Among Professional Cyclists, Fans." Skin & Allergy News 41, no. 6 (2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(10)70179-0.

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