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Journal articles on the topic 'Sunshine-recorder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Burton, B. J. "A home-made sunshine recorder." Weather 50, no. 3 (1995): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1995.tb05511.x.

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2

Jordan, James B. "Jordan's new pattern photographic sunshine recorder." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 14, no. 67 (2007): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4970146704.

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3

Urban, Grzegorz, and Ireneusz Zając. "Comparison of sunshine duration measurements from Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder and CSD1 sensor." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 129, no. 1-2 (2016): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1762-5.

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4

Matuszko, Dorota. "A comparison of sunshine duration records from the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder and CSD3 sunshine duration sensor." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 119, no. 3-4 (2014): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1125-z.

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5

Baumgartner, D. J., W. Pötzi, H. Freislich, et al. "A comparison of long-term parallel measurements of sunshine duration obtained with a Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder and two automated sunshine sensors." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 133, no. 1-2 (2017): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2159-9.

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6

Shaw, W. N., and George C. Simpson. "An instrument for testing and adjusting the campbell-stokes sunshine recorder." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 32, no. 140 (2007): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49703214001.

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7

Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., J. Calbó, M. Wild, C. Azorin-Molina, and A. Sanchez-Romero. "New insights into the history of the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder." Weather 68, no. 12 (2013): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.2130.

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8

Michalsky, J. J. "Comparison of a National Weather Service Foster sunshine recorder and the World Meteorological Organization standard for sunshine duration." Solar Energy 48, no. 2 (1992): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(92)90041-8.

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9

Zhou, Huaigang, Weijun Quan, Zhenfa Wang, Xiaolan Li, Yingruo Li, and Hujia Zhao. "Comparison of Sunshine Duration Measurements between a Jordan Sunshine Recorder and Three Automatic Sensors at Shangdianzi GAW Station." Journal of Meteorological Research 35, no. 4 (2021): 716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13351-021-0158-3.

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10

Clark, Colin. "Design for a low-cost sunshine recorder of the Campbell-Stokes type." Weather 50, no. 8 (1995): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1995.tb06127.x.

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11

Jordan, James E., and Fbedebic Gasteb. "Notes as to the principle and working of Jordly's improved photographic sunshine recorder." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 12, no. 57 (2007): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4970125703.

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12

Stanhill, G. "Through a glass brightly: Some new light on the Campbell?Stokes sunshine recorder." Weather 58, no. 1 (2003): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/wea.278.01.

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13

Curtis, Richard H. "Sunshine recorders and their indications. Report on the results of a comparison between the sunshine records obtained simultaneously from a campeell-stokes burning recorder and from a jordan photographic recorder." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 24, no. 105 (2007): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49702410501.

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14

Horseman, A. M., T. Richardson, A. T. Boardman, W. Tych, R. Timmis, and A. R. MacKenzie. "Systematic and rapid extraction of direct downwelling irradiance estimates from Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder archives." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 6 (2012): 8729–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8729-2012.

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Abstract. An improved, semi-automatic method for analysing the cards from the widely used Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder is described. We show how the application of inexpensive commercial equipment and practices can simply and robustly build an archive of high-quality card images and manipulate them into a form suitable for easy further analysis. Rectified and registered digital images are produced, with the card's midday marker in the middle of the longest side, and with a temporal scaling of 150 px h−1. The method improves on previous, mostly manual, analyses by simplifying and automating steps into a process capable of handling thousands of cards in a practical time-scale. A prototype method of extraction of data from this archive is then tested by comparison with records from a co-located pyrheliometer at a resolution of the order of minutes. The comparison demonstrates that the Campbell-Stokes recorder archive contains a time series of downwelling solar-irradiance-related data with similar characteristics to that of benchmark pyrheliometer data from the baseline solar radiation network. A universal transfer function for card burn to direct downwelling short-wave radiation is still some way off and is the subject of ongoing research. Until such time as a universal transfer function is available, specific functions for extracting data in particular circumstances offer a useful way forward. The new image-capture method offers a practical way to exploit the worldwide sets of long-term Campbell-Stokes recorder data to create a time series of solar irradiance and atmospheric aerosol loading metrics reaching back over 100 yr from the present day.

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15

Wood, John, Tariq Muneer, and J. Kubie. "Evaluation of a New Photodiode Sensor for Measuring Global and Diffuse Irradiance, and Sunshine Duration." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 1 (2003): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1531149.

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A new integrated device (called the BF3) has been developed, which enables the simultaneous measurement of horizontal global and diffuse irradiance as well as sunshine presence at any time. The sensor needs no specific polar alignment or routine adjustment, and works at any latitude. To evaluate the performance of this new device, a BF3 sensor was installed on the roof of a six-story building in the Merchiston Campus of Napier University, Edinburgh from February 22–July 3, 2001. Horizontal global and diffuse irradiance data were collected from the BF3. To enable a cross check, two Kipp and Zonen CM11 sensors, one with a shade ring, have also been installed beside the BF3 sensor on the same roof. These were used to give a reference measure of the horizontal global and diffuse irradiance. To evaluate the BF3 sunshine duration performance, the direct beam normal irradiance was calculated from the CM11 global and diffuse readings, and compared with a threshold of 120W.m−2 to give sunshine presence according to the WMO definition. This was compared against the BF3 output, and also with data from two Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorders on the same site. The results show a stable performance on the part of the BF3 sensor for the measurement of horizontal global and diffuse irradiance. The global irradiance measured by the BF3 showed values 4.7% high, with a standard error of 16.5W.m−2 compared to the Kipp and Zonen sensors. Diffuse values were 1.4% high with a standard error of 13.4W.m−2. The BF3 sunshine duration was within 2% of that calculated from the WMO definition over the study period, with a typical daily error of less than 20 min. This is well within the WMO requirements for a sunshine recorder. In comparison, the Campbell-Stokes recorders gave readings up to 7% different from the WMO values, with a typical daily error of almost an hour.

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16

García, Rosa Delia, Emilio Cuevas, Omaira Elena García, et al. "Compatibility of different measurement techniques of global solar radiation and application for long-term observations at Izaña Observatory." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 3 (2017): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-731-2017.

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Abstract. A 1-year inter-comparison of classical and modern radiation and sunshine duration (SD) instruments has been performed at Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (IZO) located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) starting on 17 July 2014. We compare daily global solar radiation (GSRH) records measured with a Kipp &amp; Zonen CM-21 pyranometer, taken in the framework of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network, with those measured with a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR), a bimetallic pyranometer (PYR) and GSRH estimated from sunshine duration performed by a Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) and a Kipp &amp; Zonen sunshine duration sensor (CSD). Given that the BSRN GSRH records passed strict quality controls (based on principles of physical limits and comparison with the LibRadtran model), they have been used as reference in the inter-comparison study. We obtain an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of ∼ 0.9 MJm−2 (4 %) for PYR and MFRSR GSRH, 1.9 (7 %) and 1.2 MJm−2 (5 %) for CS and CSD GSRH, respectively. Factors such as temperature, relative humidity (RH) and the solar zenith angle (SZA) have been shown to moderately affect the GSRH observations. As an application of the methodology developed in this work, we have re-evaluated the GSRH data time series obtained at IZO with two PYRs between 1977 and 1991. Their high consistency and temporal stability have been proved by comparing with GSRH estimates obtained from SD observations. These results demonstrate that (1) the continuous-basis inter-comparison of different GSRH techniques offers important diagnostics for identifying inconsistencies between GSRH data records, and (2) the GSRH measurements performed with classical and more simple instruments are consistent with more modern techniques and, thus, valid to recover GSRH data time series and complete worldwide distributed GSRH data. The inter-comparison and quality assessment of these different techniques have allowed us to obtain a complete and consistent long-term global solar radiation series (1977–2015) at Izaña.

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17

Horseman, A. M., T. Richardson, A. T. Boardman, W. Tych, R. Timmis, and A. R. MacKenzie. "Calibrated digital images of Campbell–Stokes recorder card archives for direct solar irradiance studies." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 5 (2013): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1371-2013.

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Abstract. A systematic, semi-automatic method for imaging the cards from the widely used Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder is described. We show how the application of inexpensive commercial equipment and practices can simply and robustly build an archive of high-quality card images and manipulate them into a form suitable for easy further analysis. Rectified and registered digital images are produced, with the card's midday marker in the middle of the longest side, and with a temporal scaling of 150 pixels per hour. The method improves on previous, mostly manual, analyses by simplifying and automating steps into a process capable of handling thousands of cards in a practical timescale. A prototype method of extraction of data from this archive is then tested by comparison with records from a co-located pyrheliometer at a resolution of the order of minutes. The comparison demonstrates that the Campbell–Stokes recorder archive contains a time series of downwelling solar-irradiance-related data with similar characteristics to that of benchmark pyrheliometer data from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network. A universal transfer function for card burn to direct downwelling short-wave radiation is still some way off and is the subject of ongoing research. Until such time as a universal transfer function is available, specific functions for extracting data in particular circumstances offer a useful way forward. The new image-capture method offers a practical way to exploit the worldwide sets of long-term Campbell–Stokes recorder data to create a time series of solar irradiance and atmospheric aerosol loading metrics reaching back over 100 yr from the present day.

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18

Sanchez-Romero, A., J. A. González, J. Calbó, and A. Sanchez-Lorenzo. "Using digital image processing to characterize the Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder and to derive high-temporal resolution direct solar irradiance." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 1 (2015): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-183-2015.

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Abstract. The Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CSSR) has been one of the most commonly used instruments for measuring sunshine duration (SD) through the burn length of a given CSSR card. Many authors have used SD to obtain information about cloudiness and solar radiation (by using Ångström–Prescott type formulas), but the burn width has not been used systematically. In principle, the burn width increases for increasing direct beam irradiance. The aim of this research is to show the relationship between burn width and direct solar irradiance (DSI) and to prove whether this relationship depends on the type of CSSR and burning card. A method of analysis based on image processing of digital scanned images of burned cards is used. With this method, the temporal evolution of the burn width with 1 min resolution can be obtained. From this, SD is easily calculated and compared with the traditional (i.e., visual) determination. The method tends to slightly overestimate SD, but the thresholds that are used in the image processing could be adjusted to obtain an improved estimation. Regarding the burn width, experimental results show that there is a high correlation between two different models of CSSRs, as well as a strong relationship between burn widths and DSI at a high-temporal resolution. Thus, for example, hourly DSI may be estimated from the burn width with higher accuracy than based on burn length (for one of the CSSR, relative root mean squared error is 24 and 30%, respectively; mean bias error is −0.6 and −30.0 W m−2, respectively). The method offers a practical way to exploit long-term sets of CSSR cards to create long time series of DSI. Since DSI is affected by atmospheric aerosol content, CSSR records may also become a proxy measurement for turbidity and atmospheric aerosol loading.

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19

Sanchez-Romero, A., J. A. González, J. Calbó, and A. Sanchez-Lorenzo. "Using digital image processing to characterize the Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder and to derive high-temporal resolution direct solar irradiance." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 9 (2014): 9537–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-9537-2014.

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Abstract:

Abstract. The Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CSSR) has been one of the most commonly used instruments for measuring sunshine duration (SD) through the burn length of a given CSSR card. Many authors have used SD to obtain information about cloudiness and solar radiation (by using Ångström–Prescott type formulas). Contrarily, the burn width has not been used systematically. In principle, the burn width increases for increasing direct beam irradiance. The aim of this research is to show the relationship between burn width and direct solar irradiance (DSI), and to prove whether this relationship depends on the type of CSSR and burning card. A semi-automatic method based on image processing of digital scanned images of burnt cards is presented. With this method, the temporal evolution of the burn width with 1 min resolution can be obtained. From this, SD is easily calculated and compared with the traditional (i.e. visual) determination. The method tends to slightly overestimate SD but the thresholds that are used in the image processing could be adjusted to obtain an unbiased estimation. Regarding the burn width, results show that there is a high correlation between two different models of CSSRs, as well as a strong relationship between burn widths and DSI at a high-temporal resolution. Thus, for example, hourly DSI may be estimated from the burn width with higher accuracy than based on burn length (for one of the CSSR, relative root mean squared error 24 and 30% respectively; mean bias error −0.6 and −30.0 W m−2 respectively). The method offers a practical way to exploit long-term sets of CSSR cards to create long time series of DSI. Since DSI is affected by atmospheric aerosol content, CSSR records may also become a proxy measurement for turbidity and atmospheric aerosol loading.

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20

"Image of the Rock of Gibraltar refracted in the glass sphere of the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder." Weather 68, no. 2 (2013): E1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.2085.

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