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Ünsal, Efe, Sanem Kaptanoğlu, and Hayat Kabasakal. "The Turkish Super League meets its first female club president." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2020-0375.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows. First, female managers can face gender inequity in different forms, such as the glass ceiling and glass cliff, while they run for leadership positions, especially in male-dominated business contexts. Second, managers can show high performance and be effective leaders as long as they are aware of that all managers are evaluated according to a wide variety of criteria, and play many different managerial roles, such as interpersonal, informational and decisional roles. Finally, managers should pay attention to all stakeholders’ demands in decision-making process for sustainability and performing better in the long run. Case overview/synopsis Since football began gaining popularity in Turkey at the dawn of the 20th century, the sport remains the most popular national sport today. However, recently, a new name has shaken the world of Turkish football: Berna Gozbasi, the first female football manager in Turkish history. In the middle of 2019–2020 football season, Gozbasi became the first female club president after she assumed leadership of Kayserispor. Kayserispor was officially founded as a Turkish professional football club in 1966, and, as its name suggests, was based in Kayseri, a sizeable industrialised city located in Central Anatolia. The team competes in the “Turkish Super League”, Turkey’s top football competition. In this case, to discuss gender inequity, leadership, and management in the sport context, the authors explained the dilemma Gozbasi faced while she decided whether or not to accept this challenging role. Then, the authors examined the experiences she gained as a leader and the dilemma she faced to diminish the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organisation she led. Complexity academic level Undergraduate and MBA students. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
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Kilic, Tahir, and Mehmet Ali Anil Tosur. "A Comparison of Some Parameters of Football Players According to the Leagues They Play In." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 11 (September 18, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i11.3591.
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The purpose of this study was to compare some parameters of football players playing in 3rd League, BAL (Regional Amateur League) and SAL (Super Amateur League) according to the leagues they play in.Body height, body weight, body mass index, age, age of becoming a registered football player, vertical jump, anaerobic power, shuttle run, aerobic capacity (MaxVO2), leg strength, back strength, right-hand grip strength and left-hand grip strength parameters were measured in this study. ANOVA test, which is one of the parametric tests, were applied for the analysis of the data and significance level of p˂0.05 was sought.In conclusion, significant differences among the leagues were found according to height, vertical jump, anaerobic power, shuttle run, aerobic capacity, leg strength and back strength. However, no significant differences were found on body mass index, age, and age of becoming a registered football player, right-hand grip strength and left-hand grip strength parameters.
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Kaluđerović, Željko. "HENRY'S "HAND OF GOD"." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 4, no. 2 (April 2014): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041408.
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In this paper the author discusses the views and statements of the French football player Thierry Henry he gave after his illegal play during the playoff match between France and the Republic of Ireland to claim one of the final spots in the World Cup 2010 in South Africa. First, by controlling the ball with his hand before passing it on for the goal Henry has shown disregard for the constitutive rules of football. Then, by stating that he is "not a referee" he demonstrated that for some players rules are not inherent to football and that they can be relativized, given that for them winning is the goal of the highest ontological status. Furthermore, he has rejected the rules of sportsmanship, thus expressing his opinion that the opponents are just obstacles which have to be removed in order to achieve your goals. Henry's action has disrupted major moral values, such as justice, honesty, responsibility and beneficence. The rules of fair play have totally been ignored both in Henry's action and in the Football Association of France's unwillingness to comment on whether a replay should take place. They have ignored one of the basic principles stated in the "Declaration of the International Fair Play Committee", according to which, fair play is much more than playing to the rules of the game; it's about the attitude of the sportsperson. It's about respecting your opponent and preserving his or her physical and psychological integrity. Finally, the author believes that the rules, moral values and fair play in football are required for this game to become actually possible to play.
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SHIRAYAMA, Shota, Atsushi HANEDA, Rumiko HOSHINO, Kei OKADA, and Masayuki INABA. "2P2-B17 Implementation of action simulation system for American Football and play recognition." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2008 (2008): _2P2—B17_1—_2P2—B17_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2008._2p2-b17_1.
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Zhiliang, Jia. "A Study on the Application of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) Technology in Chinese Football Professional League." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129202009.
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By using the methods of literature review, video, video analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper studied the application of VAR technology in 30 rounds and 240 matches in Chinese super league in 2019, and compared it with Super League and 2018 FIFA world cup in 2018. It was found that the accuracy of key penalty was improved, the fairness and justice of the match were guaranteed, and the sound development of Super League was promoted. The application of VAR technology improved the trust between referees and players, promoted the self-confidence of referees in law enforcement and promoted the normal play of players' level. Shortcomings include unreasonable limits and timing of VAR intervention; the understanding and scale of foul penalty are not uniform; the review time is too long and the operation procedure is not standardized, etc. need to be improved.
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Dubinsky, Itamar, and Lynn Schler. "Goal dreams: conflicting development imaginaries in Ghanaian football academies." Journal of Modern African Studies 57, no. 2 (June 2019): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000041.
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AbstractFocusing on three Ghanaian football academies, this article examines the role that dreams and aspirations play in shaping development schemes and in determining their impact. Football ignites the hopes and imaginations of entrepreneurs, aspiring players, their parents and supporters, and these aspirations serve as a blueprint for action both among founders and participants of academies. Imagined futures give birth to development initiatives, attracting participants, and providing them with opportunities to articulate their own aspirations. The following examination argues that it is vital for researchers and practitioners to understand how a variety of imagined futures comes into play in development schemes, as the conflicts and negotiations between divergent imaginaries can explain why individuals engage with development, how schemes evolve and how they leave their mark upon communities.
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Abdulmajeed, Rufaidah Kamal, and Abeer Talib Abdulmajeed. "The Pragmatics of Amusement in Selected British Football Commentaries." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p472.
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Sport in general and football in particular have become the most popular form of amusement nowadays throughout the special performance of the commentators who comment on the game. Their duty is to provide the audience with the relevant information about what is happening during the game and to amuse them at the same time. They often do that by using specific linguistic features.
The present study mainly tackles amusement in British football commentary language from a pragmatic point of view by selecting (2) football matches of (4) British commentators who are Martin Tyler, Andy Gray, Alan Perry and Gary Neville. As such, it is carried out with the aim of exploring the phases of commentaries according to which the football commentary is considered amusing, identifying the strategies of commentary used by the commentators in each phase, specifying the pragmatic devices used in each strategy of football commentaries which make these commentaries amusing.
On the basis of the analysis, the following conclusions can be made: The commentaries are achieved in three phases, i.e., play-by-play, colour commentary and action replay which make the commentaries as amused, the commentaries are structured out of three strategies, descriptive, dramatic and humorous, and in the whole pragmatic structure of amusement in football commentaries, each strategy is variously fulfilled by means of certain pragmatic devices associated with it to achieve amusement.
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Sever, M. Onur, and Ömer Zambak. "Evaluation of the Super League Team’s Competition Analysis before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak Is Given." Journal of Educational Issues 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v7i1.18111.
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The paper is aimed to determine whether there is a loss of performance by comparing the competition values of the Super League team before and after the COVID-19 epidemic. In order to reduce the performance losses of the athletes due to lack of training, 60-75 minutes of self-weight training was applied during the quarantine period. Paired t test was used for statistical analysis. A statistically significant difference was found in the Total Distance, High Intensity Distance, Sprint Distance, High Speed Distance, Number of High Intensity Runs, Number of Sprints, Number of High Speed Runs, Average Speed, Total Distance in Possession, Total Distance Out of Possession, Total Distance Ball Out of Play, High Intensity Distance in Possession, High Intensity Distance Out of Possession, High Intensity Distance Ball Out of Play, Sprint in Possession, Sprint Out of Possession, Sprint Ball Out of Play, High Speed Distance in Possession, High Speed Distance Out of Possession, High Speed Distance Ball Out of Play values of the athletes compared to p < 0.05. As a result, it has been observed that the training of super league football players with their own body weight during the quarantine period positively affects their performance during the season.
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Madichie, Nnamdi O. "Re-branding the Nigerian Professional Football League: open play or dead ball?" Marketing Intelligence & Planning 34, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-09-2014-0178.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges of Nigerian Professional Football League teams at the club level, with a view to aligning this with developments at the country level, and especially so in the aftermath of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil – an international event – where Nigeria participated alongside four others – Algeria, Cameroon, Ghana and Ivory Coast. Design/methodology/approach – The meta-analysis adopts a qualitative research approach, drawing upon a review of secondary data sources and the observation technique. Findings – Although Nigeria’s first team players ply their trade in Europe, there remains a challenge epitomised by the “disconnect” between the domestic league and the national team composition. As a consequence, brand ambassadors are proposed as one of the key conduits for re-aligning the identified disconnect. Research limitations/implications – The dual focus on club level and a single country – albeit in the light of Nigeria, former African champions, poses a limitation as the domestic league in that country may not be representative of others across the continent. However, some insight is also derived from developments in another African football giant – i.e. Ghana, runners-up of the recently concluded 2015 African Nations Cup. Practical implications – In the long history of the FIFA Football World Cup, only three African teams have ever reached the quarter-finals – notably Cameroon in 1990, Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010. Although the Super Eagles relished the label of African Champions going in the World Cup finals, they remain incapacitated, having failed to “fly” into the round of 16 since their 1994 debut. Furthermore, the alignment at the micro or club level to the meso or country level remains to be investigated at both scholarly and policy levels. Social implications – There are success stories on the management and development of football in Africa and as the case of Nigeria demonstrates, Stephen Keshi, the national coach, symbolises missed opportunities – i.e. brand ambassadors – to increase visibility and engagement with the domestic league. Originality/value – This is one of the very few studies that have sought to highlight the misalignment between club and country within the research context of Africa. It is also one of the few papers that have called on the need for brand ambassadors as a means of bridging the gap in this area.
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Saputro, Muhammad Ishaq, Agus Kristyanto, and Sunardi Sunardi. "Application of Team Game Tournament Cooperative Learning Type learning model (TGT) to improve the results of learning based basic techniques in students in the XII class of Sos 4 SMAN 6 Surakarta student year 2018/2019." PHEDHERAL 17, no. 1 (May 23, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/phduns.v17i1.51439.
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<em>This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of playing football in class XII Social Sciences 4 Surakarta Senior High School 6 of 2017/2018 Academic Year. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method. This research was conducted in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were students of class XII Social Sciences 4 of SMA N 6 Surakarta in the 2017/2018 Academic Year, which numbered 25 students with details of 10 male students 15 female students. Sources of data in this study come from teachers and students. The technique of collecting data is by testing and observing during the learning activities. The data analysis technique used in this study was descriptive based on qualitative analysis with percentages. From the analysis of the data obtained the following results: In the pre-cycle, the results of learning to play football students who completed reached 44% or as many as 11 students and students who have not completed 56% or as many as 14 students. In the first cycle, the results of learning to play football students who completed reached 68% or as many as 17 students and students who have not finished 22% or as many as 8 students. In the second cycle the learning outcomes of playing football students were completed 88% or 22 students and students who had not finished 12% or as many as 3 students. The implementation of actions in cycle I and cycle II lead to an active, effective, efficient and enjoyable learning process so that it can support the occurrence of quality learning. Based on the results of the study obtained conclusions that: learning through a tactical approach, can improve learning outcomes of playing football in class XIISos 4 Surakarta N SMA 6 2018/2019 Academic Year.</em>
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Elmedi, Elmedi. "Efforts To Improve Agility And Speed In Playing Football At Sdn 44 Lubuk Anau." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jips.v2i2.266.
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To learn something well, we need to hear, see, ask questions about it, and discuss it with others. Not only that, teachers need to "do it", that is to describe something in their own way, to show their example, to try to practice their skills and to do tasks that demand the knowledge they have gained. Problems to be studied in this research are: a. How to improve learning outcomes penjaskes especially soccer game using cooperative learning methods on students SDN 44 Lubuk Anau? b. The steps taken to improve the outcome of the guidance in January 2016? This research is a research action (action research) Because research done to solve the problem of learning in class. This research also includes descriptive research, because it describes how a learning technique is applied and how desired results can be achieved. According to Oja and Sumarjan (in point sugiarti, 1997: 8) there are four different types of action research, namely: (1) teacher action research as a researcher, (2) collaborative action research, (3) research of interlinked simulative action. (4) experimental social action research. In this action research uses collaborative research forms with teacher training eyes and in the teaching and learning process in the classroom as a teacher is the teacher of training eye while peneiti acts as an observer, the full responsibility of action research is observer (researcher). Data Analysis Technique, To know the effectiveness of a method in learning activities need to be held data analysis. In this research using qualitative descriptive analysis technique, that is a research method that is describe reality or facts in accordance with the data obtained with the aim to know learning achievements achieved sisw also to obtain student responses to learning activities and student activities during the learning process To analyze the success rate or percentage of students' success after the learning process each round is done by giving evaluation in the form of practice test at the end of each round. This analysis is calculated by using simple statistic that is: For learning mastery, There are two categories of mastery learning that is individual and classical. Based on the guidance of the implementation of teaching and learning curriculum 1994 (Depdikbud, 1994) that students have complete learning when the class gets 85% who have reached the absorption. From the results of learning activities that have been done for three cycles and based on the entire pembahaan and analysis that has been done can be concluded as follows: Learning by the method of learning play methods have a positive impact in improving student learning achievement characterized by the improvement of student learning completeness in each cycle, cycle I (61,54%), cycle II (89,74%), while for affective aspect that is cycle I (84,62%), cycle II (100%) Application of learning method of play method have positive influence, that can increase student learning motivation which is indicated by the average of students' answers which states that students are interested and interested in learning method of play method so that they are motivated to learn.
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Luvian, Lulu, and Tite Juliantine. "Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bermain Sepakbola dan Kerjasama Siswa di SMPN 2 Lembang." Jurnal Olahraga 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37742/jo.v3i1.69.
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The purpose of this research is to find out how the influence of the implementation of cooperative learning models to improve football playing skills and student cooperation at SMPN 2 Lembang. This study uses a classroom action research (CAR) method and uses a classroom action research design (CAR). The sample used in this study was 10% of the population representing 36 students. In the initial test of playing skills and cooperation, students get an average score of 24% for playing skills and 22% for collaboration. In cycle I, action I increased to 30% for play skills and 32% for cooperation, in cycle I, action II increased to 50% for play skills and 50% for cooperation, in cycle II, action I increased scores to 65% skills play and 66% for cooperation, in the second cycle of action II there was an increase of 82% for playing skills and 82% for cooperation so that it was seen an increase in each cycle in this study. Then it can be concluded that there is significant progress in the application of cooperative learning models to improve soccer playing skills and student cooperation at SMPN 2 Lembang.
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MIŠKOVIĆ, OLIVERA, and BRANISLAV SAZDOVIĆ. "CANONICAL APPROACH TO 2D SUPERSYMMETRIC WZNW MODEL COUPLED TO SUPERGRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 29 (September 21, 2002): 1923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302008496.
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Starting from the known representation of the Kac–Moody algebra in terms of the coordinates and momenta, we extend it to the representation of the super Kac–Moody and super Virasoro algebras. Then we use general canonical method to construct an action invariant under local gauge symmetries, where components of the super energy–momentum tensor L± and G± play the role of the diffeomorphisms and supersymmetry generators respectively. We obtain covariant extension of WZNW theory with respect to local supersymmetry as well as explicit expressions for gauge transformations.
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Iswariya, V. T., Nambaaru Sailaja, CH Vamsi Krishna, and G. S. Annammadevi. "Natural Super-Disintegrant Agents Used in Various Oral Solid Dosage Forms." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4681.
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Super-disintegrating agents are one of the ingredients used in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. These substances play a vital role in formulation design. Natural super-disintegrants have gained more popularity due to their oral bioavailability. It disintegrates the tablets into smaller particles to enhance the dissolution rate. Fast dissolving, chewable tablets, and other orally administered dosage forms consist of super-disintegrating agents which shows rapid and quick action. Natural super disintegrating agents in pharmaceutical dosage forms are very effective due to their ecofriendly nature as well as these are biocompatible and biodegradable. These are abundantly and cheaply available from nature.Today the researchers are focusing on naturally available excipients.
Keywords: Natural Superdisintegrants, Disintegration, Bioavailability, Biocompatible, Biodegradable.
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Del Caño-Espinel, R., V. Posada-Franco, F. García-Bol, A. López-Moreno, A. Roldán-Valero, S. Castro-Merino, and M. del Caño-Espinel. "PROPOSAL FOR “RETURN TO SPORT” TESTS AFTER INJURY, SPECIFIC TO FOOTBALL." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 6_suppl3 (June 1, 2018): 2325967118S0004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00043.
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The decision to return to sport (RTS) after an injury is one of the most complicated in sports medicine, due to the posibility of reinjury.1 The return to sport tests allow one to set goals to assess the condition of the patient and establish certain criteria before returning to competition.2 These tests include: strength tests, jumping tests and stability tests, and are based on the “Limb Symetry Indexes” (LSI).3 Nevertheless, there are studies which indicate that this method of evaluation could overestimate knee function values, 4 and the need to include specific sport movements in the tests.5 OBJECTIVES: To design a specific RTS protocol for football which is objetivable, adaptable and easily-reproduced. A survey was conducted among 22 professional players (6 defenders, 8 midfielders and 8 forwards) of a second-division Spanish team, which compiled 24 basic football movements based on technique (individual, collective and defensive) and their key actions, according to the Royal Spanish Football Association (RFEF: Real Federación Española de Fútbol) 6, and in which they were asked: - the frequency of executing the action. - the perception of risk associated with the action. - the injuries suffered that were associated with the action. - the conditioning of their mode of play due to the perception of risk of injury. Dependant on the frequency of the action and according to the player’s position, it has been established: 12 common plays, 3 specific plays for defenders, 2 for midfielders and 3 for forwards. A play was identified with a high index of risk perception by the players: jumping off-balance due to contact from a rival. The study outlined the actions suffered by players with a greater injury index, which were confirmed by experts in sports medicine, who completed the protocol The injuries suffered by players did not condicionate significantly their play. An RTS protocol was created, based on the general and specific actions determined in this study, which will be objetived through video analysis among others and through 2 measurements, previously taken during pre-season. Sanders TL, Maradit Kremers H, Bryan AJ, Larson DR, Dahm DL, Levy BA, Stuart MJ, Krych AJ. Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Reconstruction: A 21-Year Population-Based Study. Am J Sports Med. 2016 Jun; 44(6):1502-7. Ardern CL, Glasgow P, Schneiders A, Witvrouw E, Clarsen B, Cools A, Gojanovic B, Griffin S, Khan KM, Moksnes H, Mutch SA, Phillips N, Reurink G, Sadler R, Silbernagel KG, Thorborg K, Wangensteen A, Wilk KE, Bizzini M. 2016 Consensus statement on return to sport from the First World Congress in Sports Physical Therapy, Bern. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Jul; 50(14):853-64. van Melick N, van Cingel RE, Brooijmans F, Neeter C, van Tienen T, Hullegie W, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW. Evidence-based clinical practice update: practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Dec; 50(24):1506-1515. Wellsandt E, Failla MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Limb Symmetry Indexes Can Overestimate Knee Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Mar 29:1-18. Hoog P, Warren M, Smith CA, Chimera NJ. FUNCTIONAL HOP TESTS AND TUCK JUMP ASSESSMENT SCORES BETWEEN FEMALE DIVISION I COLLEGIATE ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN HIGH VERSUS LOW ACL INJURY PRONE SPORTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016 Dec; 11(6):945-953. Moreno, M. La técnica aplicada al alto rendimiento. Curso nivel-3 entrenador nacional de fútbol, técnico deportivo superior. 3ª ed. España: Real Federación Española de Fútbol, Escuela Nacional; 2003.
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Greene, Amanda, Kason O’Neil, and Gary Lhotksy. "Exploring a new Division 1 football program on a university campus." Journal of Work-Applied Management 9, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwam-12-2016-0025.
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Purpose This paper is an account of collaborative action-based research that centered on a new NCAA Division I football program at a regional southeastern university, and the positive impacts the collaboration had on the multiple stakeholders involved in the research, which were the university’s sport management faculty, the athletic department, and sport management students. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach During the action research, these stakeholders moved through a cyclical process that involved reflection, planning, action, and evaluation. Through the action-based cyclical process that was utilized, each of these stakeholders were able to learn, adapt, participate, and make positive change. Findings Positive change occurred with the athletic department’s marketing efforts and game day operations, opportunities for sport management students to participate and learn, and development of relationships between two departments. Research limitations/implications The cyclical nature of this research model often leads to original hypotheses and research foci to be highly altered during various stages. Another limitation within collaborative action research can be the breakdown in communication among the many parties involved in carrying out this type of research. Practical implications While the significance of this study was initially to capture fan information surrounding a new NCAA Division I football program, the stakeholders quickly realized that the action-based research study had more to offer than producing marketing reports for the university athletic department. Inclusion of the students as equal stakeholders in this project proved vital to student learning and involvement. Having the students play such an important role throughout each cycle of the project allowed for additional networking outside the classrooms with potential employers, as well as in-depth discussions and involvement in the classroom when synthesizing and disseminating the marketing information that had been gathered. Originality/value The collaboration between two separate departments within a higher education institution was vital to the overall success of the research project. The overall intent of this paper is to provide a practical approach to collaboration among individuals working in different departments of an organization, as the findings from this research project revealed the overall success of the project was only possible through the collaborative effort and joining resources, abilities, areas of expertise, and capabilities.
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Aksum, Karl Marius, Lars Brotangen, Christian Thue Bjørndal, Lukas Magnaguagno, and Geir Jordet. "Scanning activity of elite football players in 11 vs. 11 match play: An eye-tracking analysis on the duration and visual information of scanning." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): e0244118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244118.
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Visual perception in football (“soccer” in the U.S.) is increasingly becoming a key area of interest for researchers and practitioners. This exploratory case study investigated a sub-set of visual perception, namely visual exploratory scanning. The aim of this study was to examine the scanning of four elite football midfield players in an 11 vs. 11 real-game environment using mobile eye-tracking technology. More specifically, we measured the duration and information (number of teammates and opponents) of the players’ scanning behavior. The results showed that the players’ scanning duration was influenced by the ball context and the action undertaken with the ball at the moment of scan initiation. Furthermore, fixations were found in only 2.3% of the scans. Additionally, the results revealed that the stop point is the most information-rich part of a scan and that the players had more opponents than teammates inside their video frame during scans. Practical applications and further research recommendations are presented.
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Yu, Qian, Yang Gai, Bingnan Gong, Miguel-Ángel Gómez, and Yixiong Cui. "Using passing network measures to determine the performance difference between foreign and domestic outfielder players in Chinese Football Super League." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 3 (February 19, 2020): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120905726.
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The study was aimed to identify the passing performances related to social network between domestic (Chinese) and foreign (non-Chinese) players that contributed to the offensive play according to playing positions in Chinese Football Super League. Data were collected from all 16 teams, with 63,446 passes from 8885 player observations of 346 unique players (258 domestic and 88 foreign) being filtered. Nine network metrics were adopted to assess the passing performance between two player groups. The results revealed that foreign players, especially midfielders and forwards, had increased values than domestic counterparts in passes in, indegree, stress, partner and betweenness centrality (standardised Cohen’s d range: 0.18–0.62; inference: possibly to most likely). Moreover, foreign midfielders also demonstrated higher values in passes out, outdegree and closeness centrality (0.30–0.56; likely to most likely). The analysis of passing performance allows for a better understanding of team’s attacking properties and highlights the prominent role foreign players act within the build of attack. It is possible that recruiting high-level overseas players contribute to Chinese teams’ goal scoring performance, but coaching staffs and team managers should take cautions in terms of the degree of reliance on them, as the development of domestic midfielders and forwards would be compromised.
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Afyon, Yakup Akif. "The Effect Of Core Training On Some Motoric Features Of University Footballers." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 3 (February 13, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i3.3885.
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In this study, the effect of core training on some motor features of universıty footballers has been examined. 36 footballers both studying at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University in Muğla, Turkey and playing in amateur leagues participated in the study. 18 university footballers of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Sports Club who play in Muğla Super Amateur League formed the experimental group (EG) (Age X = 21.4 ± 2.12 years, Height X = 174.3 ± 6.84 cm and Weight X = 75.9 ± 8,43 kg ). 18 footballers with amateur licences who play in the Faculty of Economics and Adiministrative Sciences, train regularly and play in the university faculty matches formed the control group (CG) (Age X = 21,6 ± 2.56 years, Height X = 176.7 ± 7.13 cm and Weight X = 76.3 ± 8.43 kg). The required permissions were obtained and the students filled in the “Admission Consent Forms” before the applications. The trainings were done in the football field of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University and the measurements were taken in the Faculty of Sports Sciences Physiology Laboratory. The 10-movements core training programme for eight weeks was applied to the EG footballers in addition to their weekly 2-day football training when the footballers in the CG continued their regular trainings.Before the study, the leg strength, back strength, right-left hand griping strength, flexibility, and vertical jump measurement were taken as pre-test values. After the 8-week training, the final measurements of the EG and the CG were taken. The comparison between the Pretest and Posttest was studied statistically with paired sample t test at 0.05 significance levelConsequently it was determined the that the 8-week Core Training provided the undergradute footballers with an improvement of their the leg strength, back strength, right hand griping strength and vertical jump (p<0.05). No improvement in flexibility features was observed.
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Adam, Gervasius, and Pamuji Sukoco. "MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SEPAK BOLA MAHASISWA PGSD STKIP St. PAULUS RUTENG MELALUI PENDEKATAN TAKTIK." Jurnal Keolahragaan 3, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jk.v3i2.6228.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa tingkat I PGSD STKIP Santu Paulus Ruteng melalui pendekatan taktik bermain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang terdiri atas dua siklus, menggunakan desain Kemmis & MC. Taggart. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan taktik bermain yang di padukan dengan permainan lempar tangkap bola dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan minat sepak bola mahasiswa kelas IF PGSD STKIP Santu Paulus Ruteng. Berdasarkan data hasil tes pada siklus I rata-rata nilai mahasiswa secara klaksikal megalami peningkatan yaitu terlihat dari pratindakan 30 orang (50,84%) naik menjadi 39 orang (67%) pada siklus I dan pada siklus II menjadi 45 orang (76%) yang tuntas/lulus dengan mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimum yaitu 60. Kata kunci: hasil belajar, sepak bola, pendekatan taktik bermain AN EFFORT TO INCREASE THE STUDENTS’ QUALITY AT PGSD OF STKIP ST. PAUL RUTENG IN PLAYING FOOTBALL THROUGH THE TACTICAL APROACH Abstract This research aims to seek the increasing result of the students’ learning process in the first grade at PGSD (Elementary School Teacher Education) of STKIP St. Paul Ruteng through the tactical games approach. This research is a kind of Classroom Action Research which consists of two cycles by using Kemmis & MC. Taggart’s design. The research result shows that the tactical games approach which is combined with throwing-catching of ball play can increase the learning result and the interest in playing football for the 1F-class students at PGSD of STKIP St. Paul Ruteng. Based on the test result at first cycle, the average score of the students, is increasing classically which is shown by pre-action, namely 30 students (50.84%) becoming 39 students (67%) at first cycle, and then at second cycle it has been 45 students (76%) who have graduated/passed by reaching the minimum score criteria namely 60. Keywords: leaning result, football, the tactical games approach
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Eaves, J. Simon, and L. Adam Evers. "The relationship between the ‘play the ball’ time, post-ruck action and the occurrence of perturbations in professional rugby league football." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 7, no. 3 (October 2007): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2007.11868406.
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Szwarc, Andrzej, Krzysztof Kromke, Łukasz Radzimiński, and Zbigniew Jastrzębski. "Efficiency of 1-on-1 play situations for high-level soccer players during the World and European championships in relation to position on the pitch and match time." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 12, no. 4 (August 2017): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117717890.
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The aim of the study was to assess the efficiencies of players in 1-on-1 situations in terms of their position on the pitch and the match time during the final matches of the World Cup and European Championships from 1990 to 2014. The research was conducted on a sample of 1012 football players whose teams competed in the semi-finals, finals and the third place matches during the Football World Cup and European Championships from 1990 to 2014. The study included the performances of 506 players in 1-on-1 situations during 46 matches that were terminated at the regulation 90 min. The study revealed that during an average match, the players performed 231 times in 1-on-1 situations with 51% accuracy. The level of accuracy in 1-on-1 situations was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in winning teams than in losing teams particularly at the beginning of the game and in the middle zone of the pitch. Moreover, the results of our study showed that the highest effectiveness of the duels was noted in the defence zone and was decreasing along with moving the actions closer to the opponent’s goal. The players competed with similar frequencies on both defence (114 duels on average with 51% accuracy) and attack (113 duels on average with 52% accuracy). The players of the elite football teams exhibited high performance efficiencies in the 1-on-1 duels, especially on their own half of the field and during the early stages of both halves of the match. The accuracy of duels of their performances decreased when the action moved closer to the opponent’s goal and with the time in the game.
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İPSEFTEL, İoakim, Deniz ŞAHİN, Sabriye KARADENİZLİ TAŞKIN, Alim NURAYDIN, and Nurbay ATEŞ. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF VERY HEAVY EXERCISE ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY BY TENSIOMYOGRAPHY IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS, no. 39 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17363/sstb.2020/abcd89/.39.2.
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Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the changes in muscle contraction parameters after very heavy exercise in professional football players with Tensiomyography, which is a non-invasive method. Method: Professional licensed football players in the A team of the team they play in the Turkish Super League (n = 11), whose age is 27.27 ± 1.55 years, weight is 74.82 ± 1.83kg, and height is 178.1 ± 1.76cm. participated. Tensiomyography measurements are bilateral m. The first measurement was taken from the rectus femoris muscle before heavy exercise (MET = 11) and the second measurement after it. In the measurements made, the muscle; Contraction time (Tc), maintenance time (Ts), relaxation time (Tr), displacement (Dm), lag time (Td) and contraction velocity (Vc) were evaluated. GraphPad Prism 9.0 program was used to analyze the data. Results: In the measurements made, a statistically significant decrease was observed in Dm, Td and Vc values in the right and left extremities compared to the 1st and 2nd measurements (p <0.05). Conclusion: As a result of our study, the change of muscle contraction properties with the acute effect of heavy exercise was performed with tensiography was evaluated. It was observed that heavy exercise created significant differences in muscle displacement, contraction speed and lag time. It is a passive, non-invasive and easy method for evaluating the performance and muscle activities of athletes after heavy exercise. tensiomyography needs to be investigated with further studies.
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Jaya, Belly Siska. "Penerapan Model Teaching Games For Understandimg dalam Permainan Sepakbola di Sekolah Dasar." TEGAR: Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v3i1.20496.
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This study aims to improve football playing skills and improve the cooperation of fifth grade students at SDN Sijuk through the application of Teaching Games For Understanding (TGFU). The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research, with 4 actions and 2 cycles. To measure research football playing skills using the Games Performance Assessment Instrument and to measure the value of student cooperation is measured using a questionnaire. Participants were 22 grade 5 students of SDN 03 Sijuk, Belitung Regency. The results showed that there was an increase in football playing skills. The results of this study also showed an increase in the value of student collaboration. The results of the study are expected to provide information to teachers and practitioners of early childhood sports development, to improve students' play skills and collaboration through the application of TGFU. AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bermain sepakbola dan meningkatkan kerjasama siswa kelas V SDN Sijuk melalui penerapan Teaching Games For Understanding (TGFU). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, dengan 4 kali tindakan dan 2 siklus. Untuk mengukur keterampilan bermain sepakbola penelitian menggunakan Games Performance Assessment Instrument dan untuk mengukur nilai kerjasama siswa diukur menggunakan angket. Partisipan sebanyak 22 siswa kelas 5 SDN 03 Sijuk Kab Belitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan keterampilan bermain sepakbola. Hasil penelitian ini, juga menunjukan terdapat peningkatan nilai kerjasama siswa. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada guru maupun praktisi pembinaan olahraga anak usia dini, untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bermain dan kerjasama siswa melalui penerapan TGFU.
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Eichberg, Henning. "Laughter in popular games and in sport. The other health of human play." Gesnerus 70, no. 1 (November 11, 2013): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07001009.
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Hurling in Cornwall, la soule in Britanny, Shrovetide football in England: Popular games have normally been treated as forerunners of modern sport, sport having regulated the space and the time of the game, the (non-) violence of behaviour, the control of results, the planning, strategy, tactics, techniques and evaluation of the competitive action. This is told as a story of social improvement and progress – and about turning unhealthy wildness into civilized ‘healthy’ sport activity. What sociological analysis of game-playing tended to ignore was the laughter of the participants. With the seriousness of modern sport, as it was established in the nineteenth century, a culture of laughter disappeared. This study tries to counter this mainstream by a pheno - menology of laughter in popular games. A contrasting attention is turned towards the seriousness of sporting competition, the smile in modern sport and fitness, and the ‘underground’ dimension of laughter in modern sports. By comparative analysis, laughter reveals as a bodily discourse about the imperfect human being. It tells an oppositional story about the perfectionism in the order of Western thinking – in sports as well as in health. The bodily ‘physiology’ of laughter, the exploding psychical energy, and the inter-bodily social relations in laughter and play and game point towards the multi - dimensionality of health, as it was formulated by WHO: as “physical, mental, and social well-being”.
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Karpa, I., I. Ripak, O. Kolobych, R. Gandzin, and I. Shanta. "Model characteristics of technical and tactical actions of skilled defenders in football." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(123) (July 28, 2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.3(123).15.
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The basis of competitive activity in team play sports, in particular in football are technical and tactical actions. Therefore, football specialists pay considerable attention to defining their model characteristics. It is worth noting that the total number of technical and tactical actions per match for qualified football players, first of all, depends on the class of opponents and the class of players performing these actions. The results of the research allowed us to develop quantitative model characteristics of the competitive activity of the players of the defense of three levels - minimum, average and maximum model, which allows to plan the overall strategy of team preparation, which includes the selection of rational means and methods of preparation, planning of training and competitive loads, as well as the choice of means techniques of game in defense.
The developed model characteristics can serve as criteria for the control of defensive technical and tactical actions in order to improve the system of training the players of the line of defense and operational correction of the competitive activity of the team defenders. The formation of the model characteristics was taken into account the stance of the player and the minimum and maximum indicators of his playing activities both in the matches of the domestic championship and in the Euro-cup matches.
Identifying the correlation between current indicators of volume and the effectiveness of the game action of players of the line of defense with the intensity, responsibility of the game activity, and the characteristics of the opponents' respective actions is a prospect for further research in this direction. In practice, methods of operational correction of game actions during competitions, based on operational control over various parameters of technical and tactical actions and effectiveness of the game of the whole team, are subject to further study and improvement.
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Girdwood, Michael, Liam West, David Connell, and Peter Brukner. "Contact-Related Strain of Quadratus Femoris, Obturator Externus, and Inferior Gemellus in an Australian Football Player: A Case Report." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 8 (November 1, 2019): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0279.
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Context: Muscle injuries of the hip stabilizers are considered rare in sport. Objective: This report presents a previously unreported case of a contact injury resulting in acute strain of quadratus femoris, obturator externus, and inferior gemellus in an amateur Australian rules football player. Design: Level 4—case report. Case Presentation: A player was tackled ipsilateral to the injured leg, while in hip flexion in a lunged position. The case describes the diagnostic process, initial management, and return to play for this athlete. Results: Following rehabilitation, the player was able to return to sport at 8 weeks without ongoing issues. Conclusions: A literature search for sports-related contact injuries to either muscle returned only one result. All other documented cases of injury to these muscle groups are confined to noncontact mechanisms or delayed presentations. Despite conventional teaching, the action of the deep external rotators of the hip appears to be positionally dependent. Knowledge of this type of injury and mechanism may be useful for future clinical reasoning and differential diagnosis in patients with this type of presentation.
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Raharjo, Komplit, Syafrial Syafrial, Sugiyanto Sugiyanto, and Defliyanto Defliyanto. "UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL AKURASI SHOOTING OLAHRAGA SEPAKBOLA MELALUI MEDIA LINGKARAN KARET BAN PADA SISWA KELAS XI IPS 2 SMA NEGERI 03 BENGKULU TENGAH." KINESTETIK 2, no. 2 (September 6, 2018): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jk.v2i2.8746.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil akurasi shooting olahraga sepakbola melalui media lingkaran karet ban pada siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 03 Bengkulu Tengah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research). Subjek penelitian siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 03 Bengkulu Tengah yang berjumlah 28 siswa, yang terdiri dari 16 siswa laki-laki dan 12 siswi perempuan. Berdasarkan pengamatan dan informasi yang peneliti dapatkan, Olahraga sepak bola belum sepenuhnya dikuasai siswa terutama shooting bola ke gawang hal ini dapat dilihat dari penilaian kemampuan melakukan tendangan bola ke gawang. Hasil dari penelitian prasiklus dari 28 anak presentase hasil akurasi shooting ke gawang siswa adalah 30,5%. Pada siklus I terdapat kenaikan yaitu (60,7%). Sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 78,5% tergolong baik. Ini menunjukan bahwa tindakan yang dilakukan disiklus kedua baik guru maupun siswa dapat dikatakan telah tuntas belajar. Berdasarkan hasil diatas maka disimpulkan bahwa dengan mengunakan media lingkaran karet ban dapat meningkatkan hasil akurasi shooting olahraga sepakbola.Sehubungan hasil penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyarankan kepada guru dan pembina dianjurkan lebih berperan selama pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar atau kegiatan ekstrakurikuler sehingga siswa lebih merespon dan antusias terhadap pembelajaran yang diberikan.Kata kunci:Media lingkaran karet ban, Akurasi Shooting Sepak bola. AbstractThis study aims to improve the accuracy of football sport shooting through rubber tire rubber circle in grade XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 03 Bengkulu Tengah. This research is a classroom action research. The subjects of the research students of class XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 03 Bengkulu Tengah, which amounted to 28 students, consisting of 16 male students and 12 female students. Based on observations and information that researchers get, Sports football has not fully mastered the students, especially shooting the ball into the goal this can be seen from the assessment of the ability to kick the ball into the goal. The result of the prasiklus research of 28 children the percentage of shooting accuracy results to the students' goal is 30.5%. In the first cycle there is an increase (60.7%). While in cycle II equal to 78,5% pertained good. This shows that the actions taken in the second cycle of both teachers and students can be said to have been thoroughly studied. Based on the above results, it is concluded that by using the rubber circle tire media can improve the accuracy of shooting sport football. In relation to the results of these studies, researchers suggest to teachers and coaches are encouraged to play a role during the implementation of teaching and learning activities or extracurricular activities so that students are more responsive and enthusiastic about the learning given.Keywords: Media tire rubber circle, Accuracy Shooting Football.
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Thompson, Roger. "Attitudes Towards Homosexuality in the Seventeenth-Century New England Colonies." Journal of American Studies 23, no. 1 (April 1989): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800019162.
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The first play I attended at my all-boys secondary school was Marlowe's Dr Faustus. The lower boys crammed in the gallery were not wholly engaged by grandiloquent Elizabethan cadences, nor by the laboriously unfolding plot. What stopped the whispering and fidgeting and then brought the house down was the scene in which Faustus, as reward for selling his soul, is allowed to kiss the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen of Troy. In this production the hell-bent Doctor had to make do with the prettiest boy in the school. Wild whoops, mating calls, indecent suggestions for further action rained down from the gallery. At the curtain call Helen again stole the show. Next morning, the Headmaster, a Scottish Presbyterian whose zeal for the Lord was second only to his zeal for rugby football, rebuked the school for the shameful scenes and prescribed a three-mile run to cool our ardour.
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Tajada, Sendoa, Claudia M. Moreno, Samantha O’Dwyer, Sean Woods, Daisuke Sato, Manuel F. Navedo, and L. Fernando Santana. "Distance constraints on activation of TRPV4 channels by AKAP150-bound PKCα in arterial myocytes." Journal of General Physiology 149, no. 6 (May 15, 2017): 639–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201611709.
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TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) channels are Ca2+-permeable channels that play a key role in regulating vascular tone. In arterial myocytes, opening of TRPV4 channels creates local increases in Ca2+ influx, detectable optically as “TRPV4 sparklets.” TRPV4 sparklet activity can be enhanced by the action of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (AngII). This modulation depends on the activation of subcellular signaling domains that comprise protein kinase C α (PKCα) bound to the anchoring protein AKAP150. Here, we used super-resolution nanoscopy, patch-clamp electrophysiology, Ca2+ imaging, and mathematical modeling approaches to test the hypothesis that AKAP150-dependent modulation of TRPV4 channels is critically dependent on the distance between these two proteins in the sarcolemma of arterial myocytes. Our data show that the distance between AKAP150 and TRPV4 channel clusters varies with sex and arterial bed. Consistent with our hypothesis, we further find that basal and AngII-induced TRPV4 channel activity decays exponentially as the distance between TRPV4 and AKAP150 increases. Our data suggest a maximum radius of action of ∼200 nm for local modulation of TRPV4 channels by AKAP150-associated PKCα.
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Mathis, S., and C. Neiner. "Stochastic excitation of gravity waves in rapidly rotating massive stars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S307 (June 2014): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314006784.
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AbstractStochastic gravity waves have been recently detected and characterised in stars thanks to space asteroseismology and they may play an important role in the evolution of stellar angular momentum. In this context, the observational study of the CoRoT hot Be star HD 51452 suggests a potentially strong impact of rotation on stochastic excitation of gravito-inertial waves in rapidly rotating stars. In this work, we present our results on the action of the Coriolis acceleration on stochastic wave excitation by turbulent convection. We study the change of efficiency of this mechanism as a function of the waves' Rossby number and we demonstrate that the excitation presents two different regimes for super-inertial and sub-inertial frequencies. Consequences for rapidly rotating early-type stars and the transport of angular momentum in their interiors are discussed.
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Szwarc, Andrzej, Christoph Kromke, Aleksander Stuła, Bartosz Dolański, and Mateusz Sitek. "Efficiency of one-on-one play situations of Polish football players and their opponents during European Championships in relation to the playing area, current result and match." Physical education of students 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0308.
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Background and Study Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of players of the Polish national football team and their opponents in one-on-one situations (1-on-1) in 9 matches of the group stage of the three subsequent finals of the European Championships in the years 2008, 2012 and 2016.
Material and methods. Audiovisual recordings of matches were analysed and game data were collected using the authors' original observation sheet. Activity, effectiveness and reliability of individual offensive and defensive actions were evaluated in terms of current match result, time elapsed and player position on the pitch. Efficiency of one-on-one play situations of 40 Polish players competing in group stages of Euro 2008-2012 was studied. The 20 of Polish National Team players taking part in this study were at the student’s age (19-24 y) during championships and 6 of them were currently students or got a scientific degree.
Results. The study reveals that, on average, players engage in 245 1-on-1 duels in a single match and that the best teams demonstrate almost 60% effectiveness in individual defensive actions. While the efficiency of 1-on-1 situations is the highest in the middle stage of both parts of the game and in the defensive zone, it decreases with the lapse of time and in relation with the shift of action towards the opponent's goal.
Conlusions. Efficiency in 1-on-1 play determines success in competition and high reliability of individual defensive actions at the level close to 60% is the key differentiator of the winners' style of play.
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Bouassaba, Karima, and Saiida Chougui. "Effet Du Stress Salin Sur Le Comportement Biochimique Et Anatomique Chez Deux Variétés De Piment (Capsicum Annuum L.) À Mila /Algérie." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p159.
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Soil salinity is a permanent threat to the survival of plants. The choice of a salt tolerant species could be a solution to this constraint. This paper focuses on the concept of adaptation and sensitivity during the vegetative phase of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) variety: Super marconi (Sp) and Marconi (M). Plants were stressed with different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0, 25, 50 to 150 mM/l NaCl for 60 days. The results obtained showed that the application of stress results in a moderate decrease in plant size and the content of Chlorophyll a, b which declined during times of stress. An increase in proline content and soluble sugars was recorded in the leaves. It could be an indicator of salinity tolerance which explains the maintenance of a good water status among the studied plants. Regarding the ionic content (K+ and Na + ), salt stress caused a significant decrease in the content of K + , and a significant increase in Na+ content in both pepper varieties. Concerning anatomical structure of stems, the action of combined salts (50-150Mmol/L) causes a decrease in the size of the parenchymal cells, as well as the diameter of xylem vessels. It is concluded that the variety Super Marconi (Sp) is more tolerant to salinity compared to the variety Marconi (M). Hence, they have a significant role to play in agriculture, food, and economy.
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Jones, Nathaniel S., Kyle Wieschhaus, Brendan Martin, and Pietro M. Tonino. "Medical Supervision of High School Athletics in Chicago: A Follow-up Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 8 (August 2019): 232596711986250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119862503.
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Background: High school sports participation in the United States has increased dramatically over the past 25 years. A corresponding increase in the number of injuries has been noted, particularly in contact sports such as football. This has led medical and sports organizations nationwide to advocate for proper medical supervision of athletes at games and practices. Purpose: To gather information from Chicago public high schools to gauge how medical supervision for high school sports has changed in 2017 compared with 2003. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Survey questionnaires were sent to the athletic directors of all 99 Chicago public high schools to complete via email. The questionnaire survey contained the same questions as in a survey conducted in 2003 by Tonino and Bollier, with the addition of 4 novel questions relating to emergency action plans (EAPs), automated external defibrillators, concussion management policy, and tackling progression drills. Results: The response rate was 66.67% (66/99 schools). Of the 66 responding schools, all with football programs, no school had a physician on the sideline at home games (decrease from 10.6% in 2003), 37.9% had an athletic trainer present (increase from 8.5% in 2003), and 63.6% had a paramedic available (decrease from 89.4% in 2003). In 2017, 65.6% of responding schools had a coach certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) available at practice to handle medical problems, compared with 89.4% in 2003 ( P < .001). Regarding the 4 novel questions, 93.9% of the responding schools had proper tackling progression drills in place, followed by 89.1% who had appropriate EAPs and 93.9% with concussion management protocols, including return-to-play and return-to-learn protocols. Conclusion: Although significant improvement was found in athletic trainer coverage, especially at games, physician coverage was lacking and fewer coaches were certified in CPR in 2017 compared with 2003. EAPs and concussion management protocols were present in most Chicago public high schools. Overall, greater medical supervision is needed, which we believe should come in the form of increased athletic training and physician involvement and coverage, given that expert, expedited medical care saves lives.
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Petrović, Lidija T., Dragorad Milovanović, and Michel Desbordes. "Emerging technologies and sports events." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 5, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-06-2012-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the development and potential applications of emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) in sports. The case studies are presented in details: computer system for tracking and visualisation in TV broadcasting and players/teams performance analysis in football. The paper concludes with the authors’ opinion that future implementation of digital technologies, in the first instance, goal-line technologies, to support accurate, practical and reliable decision making in sports is highly needed and represent a basis for further increase in the commercial value of the pre-eminent global sport. Design/methodology/approach – The research utilised an exploratory approach to data gathering due to the fact that the topic is new and data are difficult to collect. The topic is analysed using case study method. Findings – The research found that there is an emerging market to extend the reach of digital technologies adapted for sports industry and sports events. Increasingly, developers are exploring and exploiting the vast potential of the ICTs to create value in the field of sports events. The development of emerging technologies create new opportunities that sports industry demands a growing range of innovative solutions for the purposes of decision making to be tested and accepted in the near future. Research limitations/implications – The research is based on data limitations related to the innovative ICT solutions, the rules of the game which significantly limit the scope for product innovation and a need to make a decision on application of an adequate solution within a short time period. In order to develop the extensive research results in the future, more information will be available after the termination of ongoing testing procedure. Practical implications – It is evident that digital video processing has found many applications in sports content analysis and TV broadcasting of competitive sports. The governing bodies should be aware of their role to support successful innovation which requires the coordinated action of all the actors who play vastly different roles in its commercialisation process. Originality/value – The paper emphasises how much technology has added to communication and economic potential of sports events, underlying that issue of video technology application to ease decision making in football is currently one of the most pressing matters due to constant arrival of new cases concerning “incorrect” decisions that add fuel to the controversy. The football authorities have finally recognised that the game has to be responsive to the concerns and suggestions of its customers.
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Alexandre, Jean, Nick Houston, and Nick E. Mavromatos. "Inflation via gravitino condensation in dynamically broken supergravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 04 (March 31, 2015): 1541004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815410047.
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Gravitino-condensate-induced inflation via the super-Higgs effect is a UV-motivated scenario for both inflating the early universe and breaking local supersymmetry dynamically, entirely independent of any coupling to external matter. As an added benefit, this also removes the (as of yet unobserved) massless Goldstino associated to global supersymmetry breaking from the particle spectrum. In this review, we detail the pertinent properties and outline previously hidden details of the various steps required in this context in order to make contact with current inflationary phenomenology. The class of models of SUGRA we use to exemplify our approach are minimal four-dimensional N = 1 supergravity and extensions thereof with broken conformal symmetry. Therein, the gravitino condensate itself can play the role of the inflation, however the requirement of slow-roll necessitates unnaturally large values of the wave function renormalization. Nevertheless, there is an alternative scenario that may provide Starobinsky-type inflation, occurring in the broken-SUGRA phase around the nontrivial minima of the gravitino-condensate effective potential. In this scenario higher curvature corrections to the effective action, crucial for the onset of an inflationary phase, arise as a result of integrating out massive quantum gravitino fields in the path integral. The latter scenario is compatible with Planck satellite phenomenology but not with BICEP2 data.
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Xing (邢菁华), Jinghua, and Wei N. Gan (甘韡). "China’s Shan’erdai: the Formation and Transformation of Philanthropy." China Nonprofit Review 11, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341364.
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Abstract China’s economic reform since the late 1970s has inaugurated a societal restructuring, with profound changes taking place in the outlook on wealth and fortune. In recent years, a distinct group of social actors, the shan’erdai, comprised of the children of the super wealthy, has emerged to play a significant role in social welfare and charity projects. Though there has been some discussion about philanthropy in general and its realization in China in particular, the shan’erdai has received little scholarly attention. This paper identifies some of the defining characteristics of the shan’erdai and examines a modern form of Chinese philanthropy that the shan’erdai practice. Drawing on interviews and publication reviews, we specifically address two central questions: What are the motivations, values, and practices of the shan’erdai? How do the motivations, giving patterns, and modes and technologies of the shan’erdai differ from the parental generation? We sketch the contours of the shan’erdai as a social group and explore the ways through which this shan’erdai experiments with new forms of philanthropy, charity, and social entrepreneurship. Shaped by social and historical formations domestically and on the global stage, we argue that the shan’erdai proactively reformulates the logics of social action for the public good and inspires a novel form of philanthropy in China.
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Urazymbetov, D. D., and A. V. Tsoy. "THE ROLE OF PLASTIC SYMBOLS IN A DRAMATIC PERFORMANCE (TO THE EXPERIENCE OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.173.
Full textAbstract:
In modern drama theater directing, there is a tendency to translate literary or verbal idioms into the language of the stage. In the space of the scene, every day, familiar expressions are recreated in the literal sense, and are read in the figurative sense. Drama theater directors strive to give symbolic meanings to the associative characteristics of certain events and situations. The theater has long used plastic and/or dance in its arsenal of artistic means to symbolize artistic images. Symbolists of stage art affirm the search for inner meanings in expression and attempts to make super reality visible. The desire of dramatic art to form a new stage language, which is based on the reorganization of the action, character, time and space, and the speech component of the play, becomes natural. The appeal of directors to the plastic nature of the actor, as one of the bright means of artistic expression in the structure of a dramatic performance, is supported by the nature of the multi-valued artistic and figurative specificity of the choreographic art’s language, which is a set of visual signs. Such visual and acoustic forms of stage action make it possible to trace the process of transformation of visible objects in the mind of the viewer before their projection into the subconscious. A symbol expressed in plastic language and focused on identifying internal emotional processes that are usually summarized in a dramatic performance by a word can be called the main typological characteristic of the interweaving of plastic and dance in the canvas of stage action. The modern theater considers the role of semantic physical activity, plastics and dance fundamental in the formation of the language of symbols. The authors offer an attempt to comprehend and compare the works of "Othello" by the Lithuanian director E. Nyakroshus and "Block" by the Kazakh director D. Zhumabayeva, where the role of plastic symbols in the formation of a special semantic performance’s structure is revealed through the prism of multi-episode, open play and physical actors action. The expressive symbol’s language of the analyzed performances of each director has its own characteristics and way of expression. The active appeal to the principles of performance organization and plastic symbolization of artistic images remains common for all. The completeness and autonomy of each individual scene together make the multi-episode performance, where there is no causal relationship between such independent acts. Involving the viewer in the situation of an open game used in the works of the mentioned directors allows the viewer to see the material in an unexpected angle, to engage in a situation of meaningful activity, in which the motive is not the result, but the gameplay itself. Specific physical actions of actors aimed at their direct application, without any additional subtext or intent, allow the actor to live these feelings in performances as their own, without any artificial addition. This all shows the similarity of directing techniques of Lithuanian and Kazakh theater figures. Along with acting, metaphors and symbols in plastic embodiment act as a constructive and semantic means in the context of the dramatic canvas. Appealing to the viewer's subconscious through plastic symbols, which play a huge role in creating the performance, contributes to the generation of complex associations, it appeals to the feelings of the viewer.
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Iqbal, Amna, and Stephan Olariu. "A Survey of Enabling Technologies for Smart Communities." Smart Cities 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010004.
Full textAbstract:
In 2016, the Japanese Government publicized an initiative and a call to action for the implementation of a “Super Smart Society” announced as Society 5.0. The stated goal of Society 5.0 is to meet the various needs of the members of society through the provisioning of goods and services to those who require them, when they are required and in the amount required, thus enabling the citizens to live an active and comfortable life. In spite of its genuine appeal, details of a feasible path to Society 5.0 are conspicuously missing. The first main goal of this survey is to suggest such an implementation path. Specifically, we define a Smart Community as a human-centric entity where technology is used to equip the citizenry with information and services that they can use to inform their decisions. The arbiter of this ecosystem of services is a Marketplace of Services that will reward services aligned with the wants and needs of the citizens, while discouraging the proliferation of those that are not. In the limit, the Smart Community we defined will morph into Society 5.0. At that point, the Marketplace of Services will become a platform for the co-creation of services by a close cooperation between the citizens and their government. The second objective and contribution of this survey paper is to review known technologies that, in our opinion, will play a significant role in the transition to Society 5.0. These technologies will be surveyed in chronological order, as newer technologies often extend old technologies while avoiding their limitations.
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Grieselhuber, Nicole R., Shaneice R. Mitchell, Shelley Orwick, Bonnie K. Harrington, Virginia M. Goettl, Alison R. Walker, Bhavana Bhatnagar, et al. "The Novel BET Inhibitor PLX51107 Has In Vitro and In Vivo Activity Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3941.3941.
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Abstract Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has very poor long-term survival with traditional therapies. AML has a diverse pathogenesis and likely represents multiple different diseases. Various epigenetic effector proteins are altered in AML by mutation, over-expression, or compartmental displacement and these changes maintain transcriptional programs important for leukemogenesis. The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, including BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4, play roles in many cellular functions important to leukemogenesis, such as super-enhancer function, transcriptional elongation, histone acetylation and cell cycle progression. In particular, AML cells depend on BRD4 for expression of the pro-survival proteins MYC and BCL2. BRD4 has therefore become an attractive target for novel therapeutics. PLX51107 is a novel BET inhibitor with a unique binding mode in the acetylated lysine binding pocket of BRD4 that differentiates it from other compounds under investigation. Our group has previously shown this compound to have antineoplastic activity in models of aggressive B cell malignancies. We have now investigated the anti-leukemic properties of PLX51107 in both in vitro and in vivo models of AML. Results: PLX51107 treatment potently reduced viability and proliferation of the human AML cell lines MV4-11, MOLM-13, OCI-AML3, and Kasumi-1, with IC50 of 0.17, 1.8, 0.2 and 0.2 μM, respectively. We then evaluated the in vitro activity of PLX51007 in primary human AML samples. PLX51107 inhibited the proliferation of primary human AML cells co-cultured with HS5 stromal cells. For nearly all samples tested (n=9), the IC50 of PLX51007 was less than 1 μM (average = 0.41 μM, range 0.039 - 1.5 μM). Notably, PLX51107 showed efficacy across a broad range of AML risk groups, including samples with adverse risk features such as 11q23 abnormalities and FLT3-ITD mutations. In comparison, for the same AML samples, the average IC50 for JQ1 was 0.71 μM (range 0.02 - 3.3 μM) and for cytarabine was 3.5 μM (range 0.33 to >10 μM). Furthermore, PLX51107 treatment reduced the clonogenicity of primary AML cells. Following incubation of AML cells in 1 μM PLX51107, there was significantly decreased colony formation (p<0.05) in drug-free, cytokine-supplemented methylcellulose media. We next examined the efficacy of PLX51107 in vivo, utilizing luciferase labeled MV4-11 AML cells xenotransplanted into NOD / SCID / IL2rgnull (NSG) immunodeficient mice. Daily oral dosing with 20 mg/kg PLX51107 resulted in prolonged survival (median 47 days) compared to vehicle treated control animals (median 30 days, p< 0.001). Weekly measurement of bioluminescence showed decreased disease burden in PLX51107 treated mice. In addition, human peripheral blood CD45 / CD33 double positive cells were significantly decreased in treated animals. Histologic analysis conducted at day 16 showed decreased leukemic burden in the bone marrow of the PLX51107 treated animals. In addition, examination of tissues from moribund mice at time of euthanasia demonstrated fewer leukemia cells in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. Conclusions: Collectively, our results show pre-clinical activity of PLX51107 in AML, supporting further development of this compound in clinical trials for relapsed or refractory myeloid malignancies. We are currently working to define downstream targets of PLX51107 action and developing patient derived AML xenografts to further characterize the in vivo effects of PLX51107. Disclosures Walker: Gilead Sciences: Research Funding. Bhatnagar:Karyopharm: Research Funding.
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Dawson, Mark A., Rab Prinjha, Antje Dittman, George Giotopoulos, Marcus Bantscheff, Wai-In Chan, Samuel Robson, et al. "Inhibition of BET Recruitment to Chromatin As An Effective Treatment for MLL-Fusion Leukaemia." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.55.55.
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Abstract Abstract 55 Recurrent chromosomal translocations involving the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene initiate aggressive forms of leukaemia, which confer a poor prognosis and are often refractory to conventional therapies. Recent efforts have begun to unravel the molecular pathogenesis of these malignancies. Several groups have demonstrated that MLL-fusions associate with two macromolecular chromatin complexes; the polymerase associated factor (PAFc) complex, which interacts with the N-terminal domain of MLL, a portion of the protein that is retained in all the described fusions, or the super elongation complex (SEC), via interaction with the C-terminal fusion partner. These complexes play an integral role in regulating transcriptional elongation and this function appears to be aberrantly co-opted by the MLL-fusions to initiate and perpetuate transcriptional programmes that culminate in leukaemia. In this study we used a systematic global proteomic survey incorporating quantitative mass spectrometry to demonstrate that MLL-fusions, as part of SEC and PAFc complexes, are associated with the BET family of acetyl lysine recognition chromatin “adaptor” proteins. These data provided the basis for therapeutic intervention in MLL-fusion leukaemia, via the displacement of the BET family of proteins from chromatin. Targeting the BET proteins to alter aberrant transcriptional elongation has recently been demonstrated to be possible using small molecule inhibitors that selectively bind the tandem bromodomain at the amino-terminus of the ubiquitously expressed BET proteins (BRD2/BRD3/BRD4). We developed a novel class of potent small molecule inhibitors to the BET family, which is chemically distinct to previously published BET-inhibitors. We then used this new compound (I-BET151) to demonstrate its profound and selective efficacy against human MLL-fusion leukaemic cell lines in liquid culture as well as clonogenic assays in methylcellulose. We also establish that primary murine progenitors retrovirally transformed with MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 are equally susceptible to treatment with I-BET151. We show that the main phenotypic consequence of BET inhibition in MLL fusion leukaemia is a dramatic early induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Global gene-expression profiling, following I-BET151 treatment in two different human MLL-fusion leukaemia cell lines (expressing MLL-AF4 and MLL-AF9), highlights a common differentially expressed gene signature that accounts for this phenotype. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses at direct MLL target genes including BCL2, C-MYC and CDK6, indicate that I-BET151 selectively inhibits the recruitment of BET family members BRD3/BRD4, and SEC and PAFc components. These events result in the inefficient phosphorylation and release of paused POL-II from the TSS of these genes providing mechanistic insight into the mode of action of I-BET151 in MLL-fusion leukaemia. We subsequently established the therapeutic efficacy of I-BET151 in vivo by demonstrating dramatic disease control in murine models of MLL-AF4 and MLL-AF9 leukaemia. Finally, we also demonstrate that I-BET151 accelerates apoptosis in primary leukaemic cells from a large number of patients with various MLL-fusion leukaemias, by affecting a similar transcription programme to that identified in the human leukaemic cell lines. Importantly, we also demonstrate that I-BET151 significantly reduces the clonogenic potential of isolated primary leukaemic stem cells, suggesting that disease eradication may be possible. These data highlight a new paradigm for drug discovery targeting the protein-protein interactions of chromatin-associated proteins. We demonstrate that small molecules that perturb the interaction of BRD3/4 with chromatin have therapeutic potential in MLL fusion leukaemias and moreover, we provide the molecular mechanism to account for this therapeutic efficacy. Finally, our results emphasize an emerging role for targeting aberrant transcriptional elongation in oncogenesis. Disclosures: Prinjha: GSK: Employment. Chung:GSK: Employment. Lugo:GSK: Employment. Beinke:GSK: Employment. Soden:GSK: Employment. Mirguet:GSK: Employment. Jeffrey:GSK: Employment. Lee:GSK: Employment. Kouzarides:GSK: Consultancy.
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Roncarolo, Maria Grazia, Manuela Battaglia, Rosa Bacchetta, Megan Levings, and Silvia Gregori. "T-Cell-Mediated Suppression: From Bench to Bedside." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): SCI—37—SCI—37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.sci-37.sci-37.
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Abstract T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in promoting and maintaining tolerance. Several subsets of Tregs have been identified but, to date, the best characterized are the CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs (FOXP3+Tregs), thymic-derived or induced in the periphery, and the CD4+ IL-10-producing T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells. In the past decade much effort has been dedicated to develop methods for the in vitro induction and expansion of FOXP3+Tregs and of Tr1 cells for Treg-based cell therapy to promote and restore tolerance in T-cell mediated diseases, and for expanding antigen (Ag)-specific Tregs in vivo. FOXP3+Tregs constitutively express high levels of CD25 and of the transcription factor FOXP3. FOXP3+Tregs are distinguished from activated CD4+ T cells by the low expression of CD127, and by the DNA demethylation of a specific region of the FOXP3 gene called Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR). FOXP3+Tregs suppress effector T-cell responses through cell-to-cell contact-dependent mechanisms and suppression requires activation via TCR and is IL-2 dependent. In vitro protocols to expand FOXP3+Tregs for adoptive transfer in vivo have been established. We demonstrated that rapamycin permits the in vitro expansion of FOXP3+Tregs while impairing the proliferation of non-Tregs. Moreover, rapamycin-expanded FOXP3+Tregs maintain their regulatory phenotype in a proinflammatory environment and Th17 cells do not expand in the presence of rapamycin. Despite the progress in FOXP3+Tregs expansion protocols, adoptive transfer of FOXP3+Tregs in humans remains a difficult experimental procedure due to the ability to expand a sufficient number of Ag-specific FOXP3+Tregs in vitro. To propagate a homogenous population of FOXP3+Tregs we developed a lentiviral vector (LV)-based strategy to ectopically express FOXP3 in CD4+ T cells. This method results in the development of suppressive cells that are super-imposable to FOXP3+Tregs. Conversion of effector T cells into FOXP3+Tregs upon LV-mediated gene transfer of wild-type FOXP3 was also obtained in CD4+T cells from immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) patients. We also developed a LV platform, which selectively targets expression of the transgene in hepatocytes, to induce tolerance to self or exogenous Ags. Using this approach we showed that systemic administration of LV encoding for the gene of interest leads to the induction of Ag-specific FOXP3+ Tregs, which mediate tolerance even in pre-immunized hosts. Tr1 cells are identified by their cytokine profile (IL-10+TGF-b+IL-4-IL-17-). Tr1 cells express transiently FOXP3 upon activation; but FOXP3 expression never reaches the high levels characteristic of FOXP3+Tregs. Tr1 cell differentiation and function is independent of FOXP3 since suppressive Tr1 cells can be isolated or generated from peripheral blood of IPEX patients. Tr1 cells were first discovered in peripheral blood of patients who developed tolerance after HLA-mismatched fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Since their discovery, Tr1 cells have proven to be important in mediating tolerance in several immune-mediated diseases. The immuno-regulatory mechanisms of Tr1 cells have been studied over the years thanks to the possibility to generate these cells in vitro. Tr1 cells suppress T-cell responses via the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β and by the specific killing of myeloid APC via Granzyme B and perforin. Tr1 cells can be induced in vitro in an Ag-specific manner in the presence of IL-10 or of DC-10. Proof-of-principle clinical trials in allogeneic HSCT demonstrated the safety of Treg-based cell therapy with these polarized Tr1 cells. We are currently planning a phase I/II trial using in vitro polarized Tr1 cells with DC-10 in patients after kidney transplantation. An alternative strategy for the induction of high numbers of human Tr1 cells is the LV-mediated gene transfer of human IL-10 into conventional CD4+ T cells. Stable ectopic expression of IL-10 leads to the differentiation of homogeneous populations of Tr1-like cells displaying potent suppressive functions both in vitro and in vivo. A major hurdle, which limited the studies and the clinical use of Tr1 cells, was the lack of specific biomarkers. By gene expression profiling of human Tr1 cell clones we identified two surface markers (CD49b and LAG-3), which are stably and selectively co-expressed on murine and human Tr1 cells induced in vitro or in vivo. The co-expression of CD49b and LAG-3 enables the isolation of highly suppressive Tr1 cells from in vitro IL-10-polarized Tr1 cells and allows tracking of Tr1 cells in peripheral blood of patients who developed tolerance after allogeneic HSCT. The identification of CD49b and LAG-3 as Tr1-specific biomarkers will facilitate the study of Tr1 cells in vivo in healthy and pathological conditions and the use of Tr1 cells for forthcoming therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, Tregs play a key role in maintaining immunological homeostasis in the periphery. Several open questions regarding FOXP3+ Tregs or Tr1 cell-based therapy in humans remain: how long do Tregs survive after transfer? Is their phenotype stable in pathological conditions and inflammatory environments? Is their mechanism of suppression in vivo Ag-specific? Carefully designed and standardized future clinical protocols reflecting a concerted action among different investigators will help to address these questions and to advance the field. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dix, Andrew. "Referee Judgments of Communication in the Field of Play: A Study on Historically Black Colleges and Universities in Division II College Football." International Journal of Sport Communication, 2021, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2021-0032.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the in-game communication of football players from historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) was excessively penalized in the field of play. Previous literature has found that referee bias is commonplace and uncovered evidence that referees socially judge the communicative behaviors of HBCU student athletes differently than the communicative behaviors of student athletes from predominantly White institutions. This led to social judgment theory emerging as the theoretical frame. Quantitative methods were utilized to analyze National Collegiate Athletic Association data for Division II college football. Findings revealed that referees disproportionately flagged football teams from HBCUs in comparison with predominantly White institutions. These results provide implications for theory. The uncovered results also support a well-developed line of communication research that has indicated that excessive penalties are levied against HBCU teams in multiple sports. A rhetorical call to action is made to facilitate officiating change in intercollegiate athletics.
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Akbaruddin, Asep. "PENDEKATAN BERMAIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MENGGIRING SEPAKBOLA DI SEKOLAH DASAR." Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, June 30, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v5i1.82.
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This research aims to improve learning outcomes dribbling on the game of football by using the approach play. The subjects were all students of class V SDN Kertawaluya III amounted to 24 people. Research methods using action research methods to design Kemmis and Taggart. The results obtained in the pre-cycle is an average value of 64.58 students with students who have not completed as much as 62.5%, whereas that have been completed as much as 37.5%. In the first cycle the average value of students increased to 68.75 with students who have not completed as much as 25%, while that has been completed as much as 75%. And the second cycle of the average value of students increased to 74.17 with students who have not completed as much as 12.5%, while that has been completed as much as 87.5%. Based on these results it can be concluded that by using the approach of learning outcomes dribble play in the game of football is increasing. That way physical education teachers can use the approach to play in the teaching process.
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Eder, K., and H. Sahlmann. "Holst-MacDowell-Mansouri action for (extended) supergravity with boundaries and super Chern-Simons theory." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 7 (July 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2021)071.
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Abstract In this article, the Cartan geometric approach toward (extended) supergravity in the presence of boundaries will be discussed. In particular, based on new developments in this field, we will derive the Holst variant of the MacDowell-Mansouri action for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 pure AdS supergravity in D = 4 for arbitrary Barbero-Immirzi parameters. This action turns out to play a crucial role in context of boundaries in the framework of supergravity if one imposes supersymmetry invariance at the boundary. For the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 case, it follows that this amounts to the introduction of a θ-topological term to the Yang-Mills sector which explicitly depends on the Barbero-Immirzi parameter. This shows the close connection between this parameter and the θ-ambiguity of gauge theory.We will also discuss the chiral limit of the theory, which turns out to possess some very special properties such as the manifest invariance of the resulting action under an enlarged gauge symmetry. Moreover, we will show that demanding supersymmetry invariance at the boundary yields a unique boundary term corresponding to a super Chern-Simons theory with OSp($$ \mathcal{N} $$ N |2) gauge group. In this context, we will also derive boundary conditions that couple boundary and bulk degrees of freedom and show equivalence to the results found in the D’Auria-Fré approach in context of the non-chiral theory. These results provide a step towards of quantum description of supersymmetric black holes in the framework of loop quantum gravity.
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Napoli, Sara, Luciano Cascione, Andrea Rinaldi, Filippo Spriano, Francesca Guidetti, Fangwen Zhang, Maria Teresa Cacciapuoti, et al. "Characterization of GECPAR, a noncoding RNA that regulates the transcriptional program of diffuse large B cell lymphoma." Haematologica, June 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2020.267096.
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Enhancers are regulatory regions of DNA, which play a key role in cell-type specific differentiation and development. Most active enhancers are transcribed into enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) that can regulate transcription of target genes by means of in cis as well as in trans action. eRNAs stabilize contacts between distal genomic regions and mediate the interaction of DNA with master transcription factors. Here, we characterised an enhancer RNA, GECPAR (GErminal Center Proliferative Adapter RNA), that is specifically transcribed in normal and neoplastic germinal center B-cells from the super-enhancer of POU2AF1, a key regulatory gene of the germinal center reaction. Using diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell line models, we demonstrated the tumor suppressor activity of GECPAR, which is mediated via its transcriptional regulation of proliferation and differentiation genes, particularly MYC and the Wnt pathway
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Costa, Ana Rita, Sara C. Sousa, Rita Pinto-Costa, José C. Mateus, Cátia DF Lopes, Ana Catarina Costa, David Rosa, et al. "The membrane periodic skeleton is an actomyosin network that regulates axonal diameter and conduction." eLife 9 (March 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.55471.
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Neurons have a membrane periodic skeleton (MPS) composed of actin rings interconnected by spectrin. Here, combining chemical and genetic gain- and loss-of-function assays, we show that in rat hippocampal neurons the MPS is an actomyosin network that controls axonal expansion and contraction. Using super-resolution microscopy, we analyzed the localization of axonal non-muscle myosin II (NMII). We show that active NMII light chains are colocalized with actin rings and organized in a circular periodic manner throughout the axon shaft. In contrast, NMII heavy chains are mostly positioned along the longitudinal axonal axis, being able to crosslink adjacent rings. NMII filaments can play contractile or scaffolding roles determined by their position relative to actin rings and activation state. We also show that MPS destabilization through NMII inactivation affects axonal electrophysiology, increasing action potential conduction velocity. In summary, our findings open new perspectives on axon diameter regulation, with important implications in neuronal biology.
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Kuzenko, Sergei M., Michael Ponds, and Emmanouil S. N. Raptakis. "Generalised superconformal higher-spin multiplets." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 3 (March 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep03(2021)183.
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Abstract We propose generalised $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 superconformal higher-spin (SCHS) gauge multiplets of depth t, $$ {\Upsilon}_{\alpha (n)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }(m)}^{(t)} $$ ϒ α n α ⋅ m t , with n ≥ m ≥ 1. At the component level, for t > 2 they contain generalised conformal higher-spin (CHS) gauge fields with depths t − 1, t and t + 1. The supermultiplets with t = 1 and t = 2 include both ordinary and generalised CHS gauge fields. Super-Weyl and gauge invariant actions describing the dynamics of $$ {\Upsilon}_{\alpha (n)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }(m)}^{(t)} $$ ϒ α n α ⋅ m t on conformally-flat superspace backgrounds are then derived. For the case n = m = t = 1, corresponding to the maximal-depth conformal graviton supermultiplet, we extend this action to Bach-flat backgrounds. Models for superconformal non-gauge multiplets, which are expected to play an important role in the Bach-flat completions of the models for $$ {\Upsilon}_{\alpha (n)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }(m)}^{(t)} $$ ϒ α n α ⋅ m t , are also provided. Finally we show that, on Bach-flat backgrounds, requiring gauge and Weyl invariance does not always determine a model for a CHS field uniquely.
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Taylor, Laurie. "Video Game Internal Turfs and Turfs of Play." M/C Journal 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2346.
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Video games are predicated on representations of space, and those spaces are depicted and delimited by specialised visual markings that specify how the game can be played in those areas. For games to present a sense of space, they must display some sense of spatiality beyond that of merely virtualizing a simple game, in the way that puzzle and card games like Tetris and computerized Solitaire do. For games to present space, the games must contain immersive play environments. Many games present immersive environments for play and these spaces can come in many forms: from cityscapes to general play environments in games of various genres and game play styles like Grand Theft Auto 3 (GTA3), Warcraft III, and Super Mario Brothers. Given the many video game genres, this article focuses on games that present some type of virtualized environments. Although video games that present play spaces or environments can be divided into walls, ceilings, and floor or ‘turf’ sections, turf sections prove the most pivotal of the in-game elements to game play. The game turf sections are any part of the game space that the player can use as a basis for spatial exploration. In games like Resident Evil where movement is restricted to walking and running across the floor, only the floors are turf areas. In games like Spiderman—where the player can climb the walls and ceilings with equal ease—the walls, ceilings, and floors all merge into a heterogeneous turf. These game turfs often employ codes such as green for safe and red for danger and create a basic gaming rhetoric for spatial representation and a method for reading video game spaces. In this way, video game turfs serve to mark boundaries and borders for methods of exploration and play. The internal game spaces and delimitations and the external delimitations of the play spaces constitute game turfs. This article also argues that debates over violence in video games misunderstand these turf boundaries and maintains that the violence in video games can be perceived not as random desensitising violence, but as violence within a specific space—that of game play. Media theorists like Dave Grossman and Gloria DeGaetano (Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill ) and educators like Jeanne B. Funk (“Violent Video Games: Who's at Risk?”) both argue that violent video games can lead to an increase in violent behaviour or desensitization towards violence. These debates over violence in video games ignore the rhetoric of gaming created through markings like turf, and they ignore the physical turf on which video games are most often played. The arguments against violence in video games assume a simple causal relationship between people playing video games and actual violence. These arguments neglect the rhetoric of gaming, which establishes borders and spaces of acceptable action as well as setting the moral turf for actions. Similarly, players rely on the game turfs to indicate game play methods and spatial usage. When the turfs are incorrectly represented, video game players suffer frustration during game play; games also purposely complicate these turfs at times to increase game play difficulty, or to intentionally frustrate players. The internal game space of a video game cannot be examined outside of the space of play because the space of play dictates how the game is played and how the game space is to be read. This interrelationship of game to play space can be seen through the concept of cheating. Johan Huizinga notes that The player who trespasses against the rules or ignores them is a ‘spoil-sport.’ The spoil-sport is not the same as the false player, the cheat; for the latter pretends to be playing the game... It is curious to note how much more lenient society is to the cheat than to the spoil-sport. This is because the spoil-sport shatters the play-world itself. (11) The significance of the play-world to the video game space still holds as true as with other games. While the games have internal rules for game play, the games are played within spaces of play which encompass more than just the rules within the game. The complex relationship of video game internal space as it exists within a field of play requires that any valid discussion of video games and violence must acknowledge the acts and functions within the game and within the play space. For constructing the internal game space, Mark Wolf notes in his article “Abstraction and the Video Game” that video game imagery can be discussed in terms of both appearance and function: “Since the substance of video games is both simultaneously imagery and events, their elements can be abstracted in both appearance and behavior” (49). Wolf’s comment illustrates the multiple levels of significance that accompany seemingly simple video game representations. The simplest level of video game representation is clearly illustrated with games like the Legend of Zelda series, which depicts roads and towns as safe (or safer), and wilderness areas, like forests, swamps, and mountains, as unsafe. The level of ‘safe’ for any area determines how many fights, also called random encounters, occur. The Final Fantasy game series also uses the same distinction with road areas as more secure than wild areas. In addition to security, the area types--desert, forest, swamp--indicate the type of monsters to be encountered. In similar ways, simulation and colonization games like SIMCITY and Warcraft III depict controlled and well developed areas in particular ways while depicting undeveloped areas with markings to indicate the resources or game space type for those areas. The game music also sets the score for the game space, with games like Resident Evil using one score only for the save rooms, a rare safe space in Resident Evil, where the player can save the game and store the items. These game space delimitations help players in reading the game spaces and how the game spaces will operate. These turf types also indicate the acceptable levels of play—that is, how to play appropriately in the game—which both children and adults learn in other types of organised play like sports, board games, card games, and other organised play activities – that is, how to play appropriately in the game. These turf types all indicate internal game space creation. Internal game space rules are also established through the game narrative. These space divisions are not always marked by the same visual language that marks the basic turfs of other games. Instead, these spaces are defined by the visual language as combined with the game narrative. In fact, the game that has sparked the most recent violence and video game controversy, Grand Theft Auto 3, has some of the most exacting narratively defined turfs. GTA3 presents an amoral world of gangsters, crooked cops, prostitutes, and others of similar character. GTA3 further delimits its game space by setting certain areas as turfs for the different criminal elements, including Chinatown for the Chinese gangs, Yakuza areas for the Japanese mafia, and a Mob area for the Italian mafia. Within these turfs, the violence–in-video-games controversy notes violence in terms of blood spilt, but it fails to recognise how the fighting is contextualised within the scope of the game narrative, a turf in itself. Fighting certainly constitutes violence, but in video games it primarily remains violence as self-defense and as violence against non-human creatures. The division between human and non-human may seem grossly arbitrary, but children’s cartoon regulations allow for violence against non-humans while violence against humans remains regulated. Violent turfs, then, also relate to the narrativised nature of the characters against whom the violence is directed. Game narratives also divide games into narrativised turfs with spaces of acceptable action. Within a game like Legend of Zelda or Diablo the player can interact with the villagers, but the player cannot hurt or kill the villagers. The village or town space is a safe place for the player and for the villagers, as are many areas outside of the towns and villages where villagers reside. This safe space also prevents the player from hurting the villagers when they demand inflated prices for goods that would help the player to save the town. This sort of enforced morality based on the game turf is neglected in the debate over violence in video games as with articles like Craig A. Anderson and Karen E. Gill’s, which seek to examine the game as divorced from the play space and from the game narrative even though it shows how video game violence is most often situated within a moral landscape (“Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts”). Distinctions within game spaces are evident in all games that present environments of play because games require borders of play to function. In addition to the visual and narrative turfs within them, video games are played within a physical play space. The game space is the space of the immersive game environment—the story space of Diablo II, for instance. The play space is the space in which the game is played – often a living room or bedroom in a home. The debate over violence in video games neglects the multiple landscapes over which they argue. Furthermore, although this debate focuses on the possibility of children playing video games and then becoming violent, it ignores the fact that the play space of video games is a physical and mental space of unreality and make-believe where players are most often heroes fighting against evil monsters. Arguments over violence in video games collapse these levels of game space and the play space within which the games are played. Although the internal game space may be filled with mobsters, blood, and killing, the play space is most often defined by patience, quiet attention, and sharing with other players as the games are played communally with siblings and friends. In confusing the game space by viewing it as solely defined by the narrative of the actual game, the debate over violence in video games also fails to recognise that the use of media varies with different play styles, which also influences the overall play space. While video games do often have violent narratives, video game spaces and play are composites of the actual game and the spaces in which the games are played, which are heavily controlled by how the players play. Video game spaces cannot be reduced to merely the game narratives or game spaces because video game play requires the interaction of play. Considering play requires considering both the internal game spaces and the exterior environment of where and how the players play. Thus, an awareness and examination of game turfs provides a different perspective on the debate over violence and video games that embraces the multiple spaces and multiple uses of space in video games. Works Cited Anderson, Craig A. and Karen E. Dill. “Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 78:4 (April 2000): 772-790. Blizzard Entertainment. Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos. (PC). Irvine, CA: Blizzard Entertainment, 2002. Funk, Jeanne B. “Violent Video Games: Who's at Risk?” Kid Stuff : Marketing Sex and Violence to America's Children. Eds. Diane Ravitch and Joseph P. Viteritti. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. 168-192. Grossman, Dave and Gloria DeGaetano. Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill: A Call to Action against TV, Movie and Video Game Violence. New York: Crown, 1999. Huizinga, Johan. Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture. Boston: Beacon Press, 1955. Maxis (EA). SIMCITY 3000 Unlimited. (PC). Redwood City, CA: Maxis (EA), 2000. Nintendo. Super Mario Brothers. (Nintendo Entertainment System). Redmond, WA: Nintendo, 1985. Rockstar North. Grand Theft Auto 3 (GTA3). (Playstation2, PC) New York: Rockstar Games, 2001. Sucker Punch. Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus. (Playstation2). San Mateo, CA: SCEA, 2002. Wolf, Mark. “Abstraction and the Video Game.” Eds. Mark Wolf and Bernard Perron. The Video Game Theory Reader. New York: Routledge, 2003. 47-65. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Taylor, Laurie. "Video Game Internal Turfs and Turfs of Play" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture <http://www.media-culture.org.au/0403/09-video.php>. APA Style Taylor, L. (2004, Mar17). Video Game Internal Turfs and Turfs of Play. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture, 7, <http://www.media-culture.org.au/0403/09-video.php>
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Jonsson Boezelman, M., A. Dashi, W. Tan, B. Pan, A. M. Ilmari, Z. Tiang, R. J. G. Hartman, et al. "VENTHEART is required for cardiomyocyte specification and function." European Heart Journal 41, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3575.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) control early stages of cardiac differentiation, however their role in later specification and maturation is still not well explored. Methods and results We performed single cell RNA-seq for 2, 6 and 12 week-old hESC-CM. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified core genes significantly upregulated, along with a subset of lncRNAs. Importantly, these lncRNAs are highly abundant and unique to human heart. Through independent integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data using human hearts, we also identified a long intergenic noncoding RNA (we call VENTHEART, VHRT) as co-regulated with core cardiac contractile genes, and strongly associated with heart failure. VHRT was highly expressed in MYL2+ hESC-CMs in our single cell dataset, and its locus is antisense and downstream of MYL2. VHRT knockdown (KD) in 6-weeks old hESC-CMs downregulated MYL2 and other key cardiac genes. Patch clamp recordings with VHRT KD cells showed a loss of the ventricular-like action potential. Concordantly, CRISPR-mediated excision of the VHRT locus led to impaired CM sarcomere formation, and loss of CM specification gene programs. VHRT transcript replacement in VHRT-KO cells was however insufficient to rescue the phenotype. Instead, we established by 3C assay, that the VHRT locus loops and interacts with the MYL2 promoter, bearing histone marks characteristic of a super-enhancer. Conclusion Thus, we conclude that both the VHRT lncRNA transcript and its genomic locus are required for proper CM specification and function, and may play a role in heart failure progression. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): EMBO, Singapore National Research Council