Academic literature on the topic 'Super Team Games'

In finitely repeated prisoner dilemma games, two-person teams start with significantly less cooperation than individuals, consistent with results from the psychology literature. This quickly gives way to teams cooperating more than individuals. Team dialogues show increased payoffs from cooperation, along with anticipating opponents' recognition of the same, provides the basis for cooperation, even while fully anticipating defection near the end game. A strong status quo bias in defecting across super-games limits unraveling. Defecting typically occurs one round earlier across super-games, consistent with low marginal, or even negative, benefits of more than one-step-ahead defection. (JEL C72, C73, C90, D12)

This study examined 142 volleyball games of the Men’s Super League 2014/2015 seasons in Brazil from which we analyzed 24–26 games of each participating team, identifying 5,267 Zone 4 attacks for further analysis. Within these Zone 4 attacks, we analyzed the association between the effect of the attack carried out and the separate effects of serve reception, tempo and type of attack. We found that the reception, tempo of attack, second tempo of attack, and power of diagonal attack were predictors of the attack effect in Zone 4. Moreover, placed attacks showed a tendency to not yield a score. In conclusion, winning points in high-level men's volleyball requires excellent receptions, a fast attack tempo and powerfully executed of attacks.

With the development and advancement of technology, various types of high-tech auxiliary equipment have been gradually introduced into football matches to assist referees to officiate the game. The Chinese football Super League (CSL) introduced the video assistant referee (VAR) in the 2018 season. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the introduction of VAR on football matches and on referees’ performance. This study compared the data of all 240 games without VAR in the season 2017 and all 240 games with VAR in the season 2018 using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and means comparison. The following match variables were considered: goals, penalties, red cards, yellow cards, fouls, offsides, playing time in the first half, playing time in the second half and total playing time. The study found that: 1) After the introduction of VAR, the number of offsides and fouls in the Chinese Super League dropped significantly (p < .001); 2) the playing time in the first and second half and the total playing time increased significantly(p < .001); 3) after the introduction of VAR, the home team advantage decreased slightly. The research result can help to better understand the impact of VAR on professional football, especially on the Chinese football Super League, it can also help referees to optimize their refereeing strategy.

To optimize its performance, a competitive team, such as a soccer team, must maintain a delicate balance between organization and disorganization. On the one hand, the team should maintain organized patterns of behavior to maximize the cooperation between its members. On the other hand, the team’s behavior should be disordered enough to mislead its opponent and to maintain enough degrees of freedom. In this paper, we have analyzed this dynamic in the context of soccer games and examined whether it is correlated with the team’s performance. We measured the organization associated with the behavior of a soccer team through the Tsallis entropy of ball passes between the players. Analyzing data taken from the English Premier League (2015/2016), we show that the team’s position at the end of the season is correlated with the team’s entropy as measured with a super-additive entropy index. Moreover, the entropy score of a team significantly contributes to the prediction of the team’s position at the end of the season beyond the prediction gained by the team’s position at the end of the previous season.

Abstract To advance knowledge on the psychophysiological markers of “coordination cost” in team settings, we explored differences in meta-communication patterns (i.e., silence, speaking, listening, and overlap), perceived psychological states (i.e., core affect, attention, efficacy beliefs), heart rate variability (i.e., RMSSD), and brain rhythms (i.e., alpha, beta and theta absolute power) across three studies involving 48 male dyads (Mage = 21.30; SD = 2.03). Skilled participants cooperatively played three consecutive FIFA-17 (Xbox) games in a dyad against the computer, or competed against the computer in a solo condition and a dyad condition. We observed that playing in a team, in contrast to playing alone, was associated with higher alpha peak and global efficiency in the brain and, at the same time, led to an increase in focused attention as evidenced by participants’ higher theta activity in the frontal lobe. Moreover, we observed that overtime participants’ brain dynamics moved towards a state of “neural-efficiency”, characterized by increased theta and beta activity in the frontal lobe, and high alpha activity across the whole brain. Our findings advance the literature by demonstrating that (1) the notion of coordination cost can be captured at the neural level in the initial stages of team development; (2) by decreasing the costs of switching between tasks, teamwork increases both individuals’ attentional focus and global neural efficiency; and (3) communication dynamics become more proficient and individuals’ brain patterns change towards neural efficiency over time, likely due to team learning and decreases in intra-team conflict.

This study aimed to identify the predictive factors of attacks, performed from positions 1 and 6 according to the effect of reception in high level Brazilian male volleyball and to find the predictive factors that differentiate the game practiced from these positions. The sample consisted in the observation of 142 games of the Brazilian Men's Super League, totalling 2969 actions of reception, setting and attack from positions 1 and 6. The significance value adopted was 5% (p ≤ 0.05). The analysis of the predictive factors of the game performed by the attacker of position 1 showed greater chances to score after an excellent (odds ratio adjusted – ORA = 1.48) and moderate effect of reception (ORA = 1.31), the second attack tempo (ORA = 1.32), the powerful attack in parallel (ORA = 1.91) and in diagonal (ORA =3.44). The attacker of position 6 showed higher chances of scoring after a high effect of reception (ORA = 3.39) and powerful attack in the parallel (ORA = 1.53). In conclusion, regardless the effect of reception, the use of the back-row attackers is recommended to increase the uncertainty on the opposing team and the chances to score.

Prefixoides super- and mega- as means of football lexicon renewal: Ukrainian and Polish parallelsThe article describes the neologisms with the prefixoides super- and megarecorded in the modern Ukrainian and Polish football Internet discourse. Those innovations add meaningfulness and dynamism to a text, render the word semantics more expressive and intensive, and contribute to the economy of language resources. In Ukrainian and Polish football Internet discourse the prefixoides super- and mega- are synonyms, and using them as structural components of neologism depends on the speaker’s language and aesthetic tastes. The prefixoidal innovations are used for the nomination of different football processes, phenomena and actions, such as: a) football games; b) game moments; c) hits on the ball; d) scored goals; e) tactical moves by a team; f) individual players’ technical moves; g) results of matches etc. Most often, the neologisms with the prefixoides super- and mega- contain the seme ‘the best; exceeding the level of others,’ while some are based on the semes ‘powerful,’ ‘intensive,’ ‘effective,’ ‘the most modern.’ When added to an anthroponym, neologisms which contain the prefixoides super- and mega- stress the football player’s professionalism. In Ukrainian and Polish football Internet discourse, the formative base for prefixoidal neologism are usually borrowed lexemes, although in Polish there is a stronger tendency to use native lexemes in this capacity, some of which do not have direct counterparts in Ukrainian, for example, superłącznik, megawolej. The football lexicons of both languages absorbed military words to foster expressiveness by likening football to warfare. On the whole, the aspects of football described by the neologisms lead to the conclusion that for the speakers football is interesting as a game, but not as business or a commercial product. Prefiksoidy super- i mega- jako środki odnowienia leksyki związanej z piłką nożną: paralele ukraińskie i polskieArtykuł opisuje neologizmy z prefiksoidami super- i mega- zanotowane we współczesnym ukraińskim i polskim dyskursie internetowym dotyczącym piłki nożnej. Te innowacje nadają tekstowi wyrazu i dynamizują go, zwiększają ekspresywność i wyrazistość znaczenia słów, sprzyjają ekonomii środków wyrazu. Zarówno w ukraińskim, jak i polskim dyskursie internetowym dotyczącym piłki nożnej prefiksoidy super- i mega- są synonimami, a ich użycie jako elementów składowych neologizmów zależy od wyborów estetycznych mówiącego. Prefiksoidalne innowacje występują jako nazwy różnych procesów, zjawisk i działań związanych z piłką nożną: a) meczów; b)fragmentów gry; c) uderzeń piłki; d) goli; e) posunięć taktycznych drużyny piłkarskiej; f)technicznych zagrań poszczególnych graczy; g)wyników meczów itd. Neologizmy z prefiksoidami super- i mega- oparte są najczęściej na semie ‘najlepszy; na wyższym poziomie niż inni’, kiedy indziej zaś na semach ‘potężny’, ‘intensywny’, skuteczny’, ‘najnowocześniejszy’. W połączeniu z antroponimem neologizmy z prefiksoidami super- i mega- służą podkreśleniu profesjonalizmu gracza. W ukraińskim i polskim dyskursie internetowym związanym z piłką nożną za podstawę do tworzenia neologizmów prefiksoidalnych służą zwykle leksemy będące zapożyczeniami, przy czym w języku polskim nieco częściej występuje tendencja do używania w tym przypadku rodzimych leksemów, niekiedy niemających bezpośrednich odpowiedników w języku ukraińskim, np. superłącznik, megawolej. W obu językach opisujące piłkę nożną słownictwo zawiera słowa związane z wojskowością, co pozwala zwiększyć wyrazistość piłkarskiego języka przez zrównanie zmagań piłkarskich z działaniami wojennymi. Analiza określanych przez badane neologizmy aspektów futbolu skłania do wniosku, że użytkowników obu języków piłka nożna interesuje jako sport, nie zaś jako rodzaj działalności gospodarczej czy komercyjny produkt.

The football which was the most popular sport of the last century, has been continuing to hold attentions of crowds in 21st century either. There is no doubt that one of the reasons why football is so popular is the goals scored in the games. The timing of the goals scored and the kicking techniques can also be shown as reasons why fans are interested in football.This research is conducted in order to determine the distribution of goals scored in 10 seasons (2006/2007-2015/2016) of Turkish Super League according to time periods of 15 minutes, striking styles and total goals scored in 1st and 2nd half times of the games. The data used in the research is obtained from the official website of Turkish Football Federation (T.F.F.). All data is saved in the SPSS 22 program and frequency and percentage values are calculated by using descriptive statistics.In 10 seasons (2006/2007 - 2015/2016), totally 7916 goals are scored in 3026 games played and the average is calculated as 2,62 goal per game. When the goals scored are examined it is seen that the total number of goals scored are; 1045 (13.20%) goals between 1st and 15th minutes, 1056 (13.34%) goals between 16th and 30th minutes, 1281 (16.18%) goals between 31st and 45th minutes, 1313 (16.59%) goals between 46th and 60th minutes, 1355 (17.12%) 61st and 75th, 1866 (23.57%) goals between 76th and 90th. The highest number of goals are scored between 76th and 90th minutes. The number and the percentage of the goals scored in 1st and 2nd half are 3382 goals (42.72%) in 1st half, and 4534 goals (57.28%) 2nd half. More goals (4534 goals) are scored in 2nd half’s and this is 57.28% of total goals scored. When the number of goals scored in the first 17 weeks (1-17) and the second 17 weeks (18-34) of the season are compared; It is found that the number of goals scored in the first 17 weeks are 3898 (49.24%), and 4018 (50.76%) goals are scored in the second 17 weeks. There is a 1,52% increase in the second 17 weeks (18-34) of the league. When the 7916 goals are investigated according to the striking styles; 5700 goals (72%) are scored by foot, 1497 (18.91%) are scored by head, 541 (6.83%) are scored by penalty kick and 178 (2.25%) are scored as own goal. 72% of the goals are scored by foot and this is considered as a significant rate in total goals.Consequently, it is shown that most of the goals are scored in the second halves and between 76-90th minutes of the games and 72% are scored by foot. Coaches and trainers may consider these time intervals and types of goals scored during training sessions to increase their team's ability to score and to prevent opponents from scoring goals. They can also help their teams to get scores or points from matches by raising physical, mental and tactical performances of their team to the higher level.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetGeçtiğimiz yüzyılın en popüler spor dalı olan futbol, 21. yüzyılda da ilgiyle takip edilerek kitleleri peşinden sürüklemeye devam etmektedir. Hiç şüphesiz futbolun bu kadar rağbet görmesinin nedenlerinden birisi de maçlarda meydana gelen gollerdir. Atılan gollerin zamanı ve vuruş teknikleri de futbolseverlerin bu alana ilgi duyma nedenleri arasında gösterilebilir.Bu çalışma, Süper Ligde on sezonda (2006/2007 - 2015/2016) atılan gollerin 15’er dakikalık zaman dilimlerine, gol vuruş türlerine, 1. ve 2. devrede atılan toplam gol sayılarına göre dağılımlarını tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler Türkiye Futbol Federasyonunun (T.F.F.) resmi internet sitesinden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen tüm veriler SPSS 22 paket programına kaydedilmiş, tanımlayıcı istatistik kullanılarak, frekans ve yüzde değerleri hesaplanmıştır.10 sezonda (2006/2007 - 2015/2016) oynanan 3026 müsabakada toplam 7916 gol atılmış ve maç başı gol ortalaması 2.62 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Atılan goller 15’er dakikalık zaman dilimlerine göre incelendiğinde; 1-15. dakikalar aralığında 1045 gol (13.20%), 16-30. dakikalarda 1056 gol (13.34%), 31-45. dakikalarda 1281 gol (16.18%), 46-60. dakikalarda 1313 gol (16.59%), 61-75. dakikalarda 1355 gol (17.12%) ve 76-90. dakikalarda 1866 gol (23.57%) kaydedilmiştir. 15’er dakikalık zaman dilimlerine göre en fazla golün 76-90. dakikalar aralığında atıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. 1. ve 2. devrelerde atılan gol sayılarına ve yüzdelerine bakıldığında; 1. devre 3382 gol (42.72%), 2. devre 4534 gol (57.28%) kaydedilmiştir. 2. devre daha fazla gol meydana gelmiştir (4534 gol) ve bu da toplamda atılan gollerin 57.28%’ ini oluşturmaktadır. Sezonun ilk 17 (1-17) haftası ve ikinci 17 (18-34) haftasında atılan gol sayıları karşılaştırıldığında; İlk 17 haftada atılan gol sayıları 3898 (49.24%) iken, ikinci 17 haftada atılan gol sayılarının 4018 (50.76%) olduğu ve ligin ikinci 17.haftasında (18-34) atılan gol sayılarında 1.52%’lik bir artış olduğu gözlenmiştir.7916 gol türlerine göre incelediğinde; bu gollerin 5700’ünün (%72) ayakla, 1497’sinin (%18.91) kafayla, 541’inin (%6.83) penaltıdan kaydedildiği, geri kalan 178 golü de (%2.25) takımların kendi kalelerine attıkları görülmektedir. Atılan gollerin 72%’ sinin ayakla kaydedildiği ve ayakla atılan gollerin toplam atılan goller arasında önemli bir yere sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Sonuç olarak futbolda atılan gollerin daha çok müsabakaların 2. devresinde ve 76-90. dakikalar arasında meydana geldiği, yine gollerin %72 sinin ayakla kaydedildiği görülmektedir. Teknik direktörler ve antrenörler takımlarının skor üretme kabiliyetlerini artırmak, rakibin kalelerinde gol kaydetmelerine engel olabilmek için yukarıdaki zaman aralıklarına ve atılan gollerin tiplerini antrenmanlarda göz önünde bulundurarak sonuca gidebilirler, ayrıca takımlarının fiziksel, zihinsel ve taktik performanslarını üst düzeye çıkartarak takımlarının müsabakalardan puan ya da puanlar almalarına yardımcı olabilirler.

PurposeExperiences of high quality games between top-class sports teams could influence sports fans’ decision to attend the domestic sports games. For example, soccer fans who watched the World Cup games between the best national teams are likely to be disappointed with the performance of their domestic league teams after the World Cup event, while more people might be attracted to watch a soccer game because of their increased interest in soccer games. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the international sports event (i.e. the World Cup) influences the demand of the domestic sports league games in the non-hosting country.Design/methodology/approachTo test these antithetical hypotheses, the authors collect the Chinese Super League game-level data from 2004 to 2011. For analysis, the authors propose two empirical models rigorously developed based on previous sports marketing theories.FindingsThe findings are surprising compared to previous studies for the hosting countries or countries that performed spectacularly during the World Cup tournaments. The authors find that the international event negatively influences the attendance of domestic games. Specifically, it gives salience to the competitive quality of a match and helps enhance the impact of star players. Furthermore, the authors find evidence of dynamic effects of the international event.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the previous sports literatures by expanding our understanding of the effect of international sports events. Particularly, the results shed light on international events’ impact on the domestic sports league demand in more general conditions based on its influence on people’s behavior, rather than focusing on the effect caused by facility development or dramatic performance during the international event.

The concern that mass media may be responsible for aggressive and criminal behavior is widespread. Comparatively little consideration has been given to its diversionary function. We test for the effect of television entertainment on crime by leveraging the randomness inherent in the scheduling of sporting events. We compare Chicago crime reports by the half hour when Chicago’s sports teams are playing to reports at the same time, day, and month when the teams are not playing. We conduct the same analysis for the Super Bowl, National Basketball Association Finals, and Major League Baseball World Series. We find consistent decreases in crime during games. Short-term crime displacement is minimal or nonexistent.

According to theological precedents and science—just as sub-human sentient scales exist—so must super-human scales of sentience exist in a quantum field structured as fractal geometry. If the human organism is multi-functionally “conscious,” so is the quantum field in which it is embedded. Just as differences exist among the frequencies of light, differences exist in harmonic scales of the universal frequency spectrum. The loosely defined term “consciousness” is too limited to express the cosmic range of “sentient” access to frequencies. Though humans have unique choice-making agency, theological-philosophical and experiential precedents which place limits on its coherence. With their emphasis on coherent choice-making, PSYCHecology video games (PEGs) could be designed as “dreamlike” analogs to harmonize functional agency. According to Jungian principles, these dream analogs could be employed to reinforce coherent humanitarian sentience with mediated biofeedback for the purpose of healing the collective unconscious.

Poker has been a challenge problem in AI and game theory for decades. As a game of imperfect information it involves obstacles not present in games like chess and Go, and requires totally different techniques. No program had been able to beat top players in large poker games. Until now! In January 2017, our AI, Libratus, beat a team of four top specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em, which has 10^161 decision points. This game is the main benchmark challenge for imperfect-information game solving. Libratus is the only AI that has beat top humans at this game. Libratus is powered by new algorithms in each of its three main modules: 1. computing blueprint (approximate Nash equilibrium) strategies before the event, 2. novel nested endgame solving during play, and 3. fixing its own strategy to play even closer to equilibrium based on what holes the opponents have been able to identify and exploit. These domain-independent algorithms have potential applicability to a variety of real-world imperfect-information games such as negotiation, business strategy, cybersecurity, physical security, military applications, strategic pricing, product portfolio planning, certain areas of finance, auctions, political campaigns, and steering biological adaptation and evolution, for example, for medical treatment planning.

In the context of a continuously developing electrical world where the systems are becoming more complex, the demands on fuel consumption and greenhouse gases reduction are also becoming stricter. Additionally, more vessels are looking into using various energy sources – batteries, variable speed generators, etc. – to improve their operation. For such systems, an energy management system (EMS) becomes a vital component. The task of an EMS is to optimize the operation based on a specific goal or goals. Mostly it is the optimization of fuel consumption, and thus also the exhaust pollution reduction, that the EMS is striving to achieve. After implementing the EMS on seagoing ferries (predictable load cycle) and a super yacht (non-predictable load cycle), RH Marine has analysed the measured data and has seen a considerable reduction of fuel consumption, of even up to 38%. With the initial goals achieved, the EMS operation can now be expanded to include more tasks. A further development of the EMS is to incorporate lifetime, wear and tear, and maintenance requirements of equipment into it. Doing so makes it possible to optimise on total cost of ownership (TCO). As a proof of concept the battery lifetime has been incorporated. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the battery lifetime can be extended, or better: a required lifetime can be reached. This can be realised by carefully observing lifetime determining quantities, like state of charge (SOC), magnitude of charging and discharging currents. This is achieved with a minimal impact on the previously obtained reduction in fuel consumption. The same is valid for other energy sources, such as diesel-generator sets (DGs). By incorporating effects of start-stop cycles on wear and tear, the use of these can be optimised regarding TCO as well. The better the load can be predicted, the better the EMS will perform. The self-learning function of the EMS will make use of all available data, both from past and future, like a planned combat mode. The paper describes how the above has been integrated into the EMS. The simulations that were performed to prove the concept as described are presented and further developments in the near future will be announced.

Abstract A numerical investigation of pollutant emissions of a novel dry low-emissions burner for heavy-duty gas turbine applications is presented. The objective of the work is to develop and assess a robust and cost-efficient numerical setup for the prediction of NOx and CO emissions in industrial gas turbines and to investigate the pollutant formation mechanisms, thus supporting the design process of a novel low-emission burner. To this end, a comparison against experimental data, from a recent experimental campaign performed by BHGE in cooperation with University of Florence, has been exploited. In the first part of this work, a RANS approach on both a simplified geometry and the complete domain is adopted to characterize the global flame behavior and validate the numerical setup. Then, unsteady simulations exploiting the Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) approach have been performed to assess the prediction improvements that can be obtained with the unsteady modelling of the flame. For all simulations, the Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) model has been used, allowing the reliable and cost-efficient application of detailed chemistry mechanisms in CFD simulation. However, FGM typically faces issues predicting flame emissions, such as NOx and CO, due to the wide range of time scales involved, from turbulent mixing to pollutant species oxidation. Specific models are typically used to predict NOx emissions, starting from the converged flow field and introducing additional transport equations. Also CO prediction, especially at part-load operating conditions could be an issue for flamelet-based model: in fact, as the load decreases and the extinction limit approaches, a super-equilibrium CO concentration, which cannot be accurately predicted by FGM, appears in the exhaust gases. To overcome this issue, a specific CO burn-out model, following the original idea proposed by Klarmann, has been implemented in ANSYS Fluent. The model allows to decouple the effective CO oxidation term from the one computed by FGM, defining a post-flame zone where the source term of CO is treated following the Arrhenius formulation. In order to support the design process, an in-depth CFD investigation has been carried out, evaluating the impact of an alternative burner geometrical configuration on stability and emissions and providing detailed information about the main regions and mechanisms of pollutants production. The outcomes support the analysis of experimental results, allowing an in-depth investigation of the complex flow-field and the flame-related quantities, which have not been measured during the tests.