Relevant bibliographies by topics / Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)"

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Melendres, Ariel, Judy An Antang, and Christian Jake Manacob. "Investigation of superabsorbent polymer absorbency at reduced chemical potential of water." MATEC Web of Conferences 268 (2019): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926804010.

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Different types of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) exhibiting varied absorbency properties were investigated for their performances at varying concentrations of an electrolyte. Water chemical potential, which is a function of concentration and pressure, was interpreted as a major parameter for absorbency and swelling properties of SAP. Superabsorbent polymers that were investigated gave different values of permeability which was carried out in a layer of swelled superabsorbent polymer. This result revealed differences on the structure of the superabsorbent polymers particularly on the crosslinking density. SAP’s absorbency properties were further tested and a correlation between the quantity of absorption and the chemical potential of water in terms of sodium chloride concentration was developed using experimental data on free swelling capacity and absorption under pressure. Results showed decreasing quantity of absorption by the superabsorbent polymers with decreasing chemical potential of water with higher reduction in the absorbency at higher pressure applied on the swelled SAP.
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Yu, Cong, Kamyar Malakpoor, and Jacques M. Huyghe. "A three-dimensional transient mixed hybrid finite element model for superabsorbent polymers with strain-dependent permeability." Soft Matter 14, no. 19 (2018): 3834–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01587a.

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Sudhakar, Dr K., Leo Amalraj, V. Lakshmi Tejaswini, N. Mourya Sree, P. Divya Harshitha, and M. Rubika Julie. "Eco-friendly Biodegradable Super Absorbent Polymers (SAPs); An Effective Water Retainer and Agrofertilizer." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21105.

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A polymer is a material which consists of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. They are classified as synthetic and natural polymers both play essential roles in everyday life due to their broad spectrum of properties. The foremost important class of polymers is superabsorbent polymer (SAP) materials. They are hydrophilic networks which absorb and retain large amounts of water. SAPs are originally divided into two main classes. They are Synthetic (Petrochemical based) and Natural (e.g.; Polysaccharide and Polypeptide based). Most of the present superabsorbent polymers are frequently produced from acrylic acid and acrylamide solution or inverse-suspension polymerization techniques. These are not biodegradable and are harmful to the environment that causes pollution. So, we sought to make biodegradable SAP that can act as a fertilizer to improve the soil quality and water conservation in agricultural land.
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Mechtcherine, Viktor. "Use of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) as concrete additive." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (November 29, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.18.

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Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are new, very promising multipurpose chemical admixtures for concrete. They make available a number of new possibilities with respect to the control of free water in the mixture. In turn they contribute to the control of the rheological properties of fresh concrete and to the mitigation of autogenous and plastic shrinkage through internal curing. Furthermore, pore systems built up as a result of SAP addition seem to remain stable regardless of the consistency of the concrete, the addition of superplasticizers, or the method of placement and compacting. Thus, SAP can be used as an alternative to air-entrainment agents. This article presents these and other potential practical applications of SAP in concrete construction.
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Whitmore, Darryl L. "Nonwovens Containing Immobilized Superabsorbent Polymer Particles." International Nonwovens Journal os-12, no. 3 (September 2003): 1558925003os—12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925003os-1200311.

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In the early 1980's Johnson & Johnson developed a revolutionary process for the production of webs containing superabsorbent polymers (SAP) produced by in-situ polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic monomers directly on a synthetic nonwoven substrate [1, 2, 3, 4]. A fresh look at this forgotten technology will be presented from both a manufacturing and application perspective. In particular, In-situ, SAP-containing nonwovens offer many unique properties for application in the personal hygiene industry, such as, improved fluid acquisition, permeability, compressibility and pH control. These materials also provide a more homogenous SAP distribution, eliminate the need for SAP powder handling and have superior wet integrity as compared to conventional fluff pulp/SAP air laid structures. This technology also offers some unique opportunities for designing and manufacturing profiled absorbent articles with specific zones tailored to perform specific functions.
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Otcovská, Tereza, Petr Bittnar, and Pavel Padevět. "Properties of the Superabsorbent Polymer in Cement Paste." Key Engineering Materials 714 (September 2016): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.714.40.

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The article is devoted to compare the properties of super absorbent polymers useful in concrete. The idea of using super absorbent polymers (SAP) is the replacement of the treatment water in concrete structures. The properties are compared in terms of change of the volume and the ability of spilling of cement mixture which contains SAP.
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Li, Gui, Marianne Tange Hasholt, and Ole Mejlhede Jensen. "Environmental Assessment of Frost-resistant Concrete with Superabsorbent Polymers." Nordic Concrete Research 63, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2020-0011.

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Abstract Air-entraining agents (AEA) are normally used to improve the frost resistance of concrete. However, it is not possible to accurately control the air void system in concrete with AEA. Thus, a significant loss of concrete strength is caused by over-dosing voids, and this increases the environmental impact from concrete structures. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can also be used to produce frost-resistant concrete. Compared to AEA, it can be used to precisely engineer the air void structure of concrete, promote cement hydration, and mitigate self-desiccation cracks. In this study, life cycle assessment methodology is applied to evaluate the overall environmental impact of frost-resistant concrete based on AEA and SAP, respectively. The results illustrate that frost-resistant concrete with SAP has a lower environmental impact than frost-resistant concrete with AEA if the strength and durability of concrete are considered in the defined functional unit. In addition, frost-resistant concrete with SAP reduces the environmental burdens of the vertical elements such as columns, but it increases the environmental load of the horizontal elements such as slabs, where the strength increase cannot be utilized. Moreover, the inventory data for AEA and SAP can affect the impact assessment results.
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Santos, Karyne Ferreira dos, António Carlos Bettencourt Simões Ribeiro, Eugênia Fonseca da Silva, Manuel Alejandro Rojas Manzano, Leila Aparecida de Castro Motta, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. "Effect of the Combination of Superabsorbent Polymers for Autogenous Shrinkage Control with Steel Fibers of High-Performance Concrete under Uniaxial Tension Using DIC." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 4638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204638.

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This paper presents a study of the effect of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) for autogenous shrinkage control on the uniaxial tensile behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The use of fibers and SAP potentially increases the durability of the concrete, preventing cracking by autogenous shrinkage and enhancing post-cracking behavior. Furthermore, SAP can provide further hydration for self-healing purposes and improve the ductility of the SFRC. In order to evaluate the effect of the addition of SAP in SFRC, dog-bone SFRC specimens with different dosages of superabsorbent polymers were cast and tested under uniaxial tension. The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to understand the effect of SAP on the steel fibers’ crack-bridging mechanisms. Surface strains and crack openings were inferred using the DIC technique. The effect of SAP and fibers on fresh and hardened concrete was individually investigated by flow tests and compressive strength tests. Autogenous shrinkage was measured in plain concrete to investigate the minimum SAP content required to mitigate autogenous shrinkage of 0.3%. The use of 0.3% SAP was also sufficient to reach multiple cracking behavior. This content of SAP completely suppressed the autogenous shrinkage with minimal side effects on compressive strength. An analytical formulation for the tensile behavior of SFRC was developed using the variable engagement model, presenting a mean correlation of R2 of 0.97 with the experimental results.
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Sahi, Amal, Khadija El Mahboub, Tikou Belem, Abdelkabir Maqsoud, and Mamert Mbonimpa. "Dewatering of Mine Tailings Slurries Using Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) Reclaimed from Industrial Reject of Baby Diapers: A Preliminary Study." Minerals 9, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120785.

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Traditional deposition of tailings slurry in a tailings storage facility (TSF) can create risks of dike failure. In order to minimize these risks and slurry spillage, the surface deposition technique of densified tailings (DT) through dewatering of the slurry has emerged. The DT technique has the potential to maximize water reuse, improve the shear strength of surface tailings, and reduce the ecological footprint of TSF. The consistency of DT covers a continuum ranging from thickened state, to paste state, to dry state. Despite its efficiency and economic feasibility, DT densification using thickeners sometimes proves unable to achieve the design target solids mass concentration (Cw%). Hence, the use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) seems to represent a promising alternative, owing to their higher water absorbent capacity. In this paper, superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) reclaimed from industrial reject of baby diapers (Na-polyacrylates) are explored as a promising alternative to mine tailings slurries dewatering. To this end, laboratory-scale dewatering tests have been performed using two grades of Na-polyacrylate SAPs (grade 1 SAP = SAG-A06P coarse-grained, and grade 2 = SAG-M01P-100 medium-grained) for the tailings slurries densification. A higher water absorbency (or swelling capacity) was observed using the coarser SAPs (SAG-A06P) compared to the finer SAPs (SAG-M01P-100). The preliminary results showed that a SAP volume dosage in the range 10–13 kg of SAP/m3 of slurry allowed achieving a final solids mass concentration (Cw%_final) ≥ 70%, despite the occurrence of gel-blocking phenomenon.
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Kočí, Jan, Akbota Begaly, and Jan Fořt. "Hygric parameters of cement-lime plasters modified by superabsorbent polymers." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202059.

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Moisture level significantly affects durability of constructions, their thermal performance and quality of indoor air. As the building envelopes are subjected to the effect of changing weather conditions from the exterior and numerous sources of water vapor from interior, the proper design may significantly increase the performance of the construction. In this paper, modified plasters with different amount of super absorbent polymers (SAP) are analyzed in the laboratory conditions in terms of their hygric and mechanical properties. The results showed that addition of SAP in the plasters may be promising for the utilization in building envelopes composition. However, the exact amount of SAP is crucial as the results revealed that if more that 1% of SAP is added to the plasters, the poor mechanical properties may exclude the plasters from real applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)"

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Nystrand, Christoffer. "Feasibility of lignocellulose as feedstock for biological production of super absorbent polymers." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60743.

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Super absorbent polymers (SAP) can absorb liquid many times its own weight and is used in diapers and incontinence pads. The most common type of SAP is cross-linked polyacrylic acid. The production of acrylic acid uses crude oil as starting material. This means that the final price of acrylic acid is affected by the price of crude oil which is expected to rise. This has led to an increasing interest in developing a sustainable bioproduction process that uses renewable lignocellulosic raw material for the making of acrylic acid. Lignocellulose is the material that plants and trees consist of and it contains big amounts of sugar. Sugar molecules in lignocellulose can serve as substrate for microorganisms that can transform them into 3-hydroxipropionic acid, which in turn can be converted to acrylic acid. In order to use the sugar molecules from lignocellulose, some type of pretreatment is required. However, the pretreatments that are available today are not efficient enough to be applied on a large scale and some also cause the formation of microbial inhibitors. The microbial conversion of sugar to 3-hydroxipropionic acid do not show sufficient efficacy so far, but the process is under development and improvements are regularly made. Furthermore would it be advantageous if polymerization of acrylic acid could be made directly in the fermentation broth without any energy consuming separation stepsAttempts to polymerize acrylic acid in fermentations broths from yeast have been performed. The SAP properties; absorption capacity, absorption capacity under pressure and gel strength were evaluated by methods commonly used in the hygiene industry. These characteristics are important if the SAP is to be used in diapers and incontinence pads. To examine what compounds in the fermentations broth that affected the polymerization process and SAP properties, an experimental design was made. With help of the design quantitative and statistical methods were used to determine which compound had an impact. Four groups of compounds were selected for examination; sugars, alcohols, acids and aromatic compounds. The results of the experiments conducted showed that it is possible to polymerize SAP in fermentation broth from yeast using acid pretreated spruce as sugar source. The characterization showed that the absorption capacity was unchanged while the gel strength deteriorated significantly. It was also noted that SAP polymerized in fermentations broths had strong colors in contrast to conventional SAP, which is white. Qualitative and statistical analysis showed that the aromatic compounds affected the polymerization and SAP properties negative.
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Koppe, Angélica. "Utilização de resíduo à base de polímero superabsorvente e fibra celulósica como agente de cura interna em matrizes de cimento Portland." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6024.

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-09T14:38:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Angélica Koppe_.pdf: 2328574 bytes, checksum: d353be1d4946babddf72b551a2536afa (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T14:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angélica Koppe_.pdf: 2328574 bytes, checksum: d353be1d4946babddf72b551a2536afa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21
Plásticos Brandt Ltda
A falta de cura adequada e, consequentemente, os problemas de má hidratação do cimento e manifestações patológicas, como retração e fissuras, estão entre os principais responsáveis pela redução da durabilidade de estruturas de concreto. Aliados ao aumento da velocidade de execução das obras, esses tendem a piorar uma vez que há falhas recorrentes nas atividades de pós-concretagem. A cura, com o objetivo de manter a umidade necessária para a correta hidratação do cimento e minimização da retração, vem evoluindo para um novo campo de pesquisa, a técnica da cura interna. Essa se baseia na incorporação, a uma matriz cimentícia, de materiais capazes de reter água e liberá-la de forma gradativa ao logo do período de cura. Seu estudo tem sido voltado basicamente para o uso em concretos de alto desempenho, contudo, concretos convencionais também são frequentemente negligenciados na prática de cura úmida e tendem a evoluir para essa tecnologia. Entre os materiais mais estudados, os polímeros superabsorventes (PSA) têm apresentado desempenho satisfatório como agentes de cura interna, apresentando-se como reservatórios internos de água dispersos na matriz. Esses polímeros foram apresentados à indústria da construção civil em 2001, já na prática de cura interna, com o intuito de melhorar a durabilidade das estruturas, diminuir a retração e melhorar a hidratação das partículas de cimento, agindo de dentro para fora. Mesmo com a desvantagem de gerar poros internos, seu uso apresenta vantagens quanto ao efeito plastificante, com capacidade de reduzir a relação a/c e a retração do concreto. Dentre os estudos publicados até o momento, entretanto, não se tem registros do uso de PSA de origem residual. Sendo assim, o presente estudo objetiva avaliar a viabilidade de uso de PSA residual (FCPSA), composto de fibra celulósica e PSA, proveniente de empresas de produtos de higiene, em matrizes cimentícias como agente de cura interna, buscando melhores características microestruturais. Foram realizadas análises de absorção de água e efeito plastificante do FCPSA, de resistência mecânica e retração ao longo do tempo em argamassas curadas a 100%, 60% e 30% de umidade relativa (UR), e análises de fissuração e retração inicial, até a idade de 24h, em matrizes com cimentos Portland CP II-F 40 e CP IV 32. Os resultados mostram que o FCPSA melhora a trabalhabilidade das argamassas em estado fresco, quando adicionado pré-saturado, possibilitando uma redução da relação a/c em ambos os tipos de cimento. No estado endurecido, o FCSA (a) atua principalmente na minimização de fissuração inicial, podendo reduzir a área fissurada em até 22,5% para o cimento CP II-F e 76,2% para o CP IV 32; (b) atua na redução de retração em condições de temperatura elevada e baixa umidade relativa e (c) apresenta resistências à compressão similares às argamassas referência, com dosagem calculada, para ambos os cimentos.
The lack of adequate curing conditions, and related problems such as poor hydration, shrinkage and cracking, are among the main reasons for the reduction in durability of reinforced concrete structures. Considering the increasingly tight schedules practiced in current building construction projects, these reasons tend to worsen once there are recurring failures in the post-concrete placement and finishing activities. Concrete curing, which aims to keep adequate moisture conditions for the proper hydration of cement and to minimize shrinkage and cracking, has been evolving into a new field of research: the practice of internal curing. This is based on the incorporation, into a cement matrix, of materials able to retain water and release it in a gradual manner during the curing period. Most internal curing studies conducted so far have focused primarily on high performance concretes; however, conventional concretes are often neglected in the practice of proper wet curing and also tend to evolve and apply this technology. Among the most studied materials in this context, superabsorbent polymers (SAP) have presented satisfactory performance as an internal curing agent, presenting themselves as internal water reservoirs dispersed throughout the matrix. They were presented to the construction industry in 2001, as internal curing agents, employed to improve the durability of the structures, reduce shrinkage and promote better hydration of the cement particles. Even with the disadvantage of generating internal voids, its use presents advantages due to its plasticizing effect (when pre-saturated), with a capacity to reduce w/c ratio and shrinkage. Among the studies published so far, there are no records of the use of residual SAP. The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical feasibility of using residual SAP (FCSAP), composed of cellulose fiber and SAP, from hygiene products companies, in conventional cement matrices as an internal curing agent. The RSAP absorption and plasticizing effects were evaluated, as well as mechanical strength and shrinkage in mortars cured at 100%, 60% and 30% relative humidity (RH), in addition to analysis of cracking and plastic shrinkage up to 24h, for two types of cements (CP II-F and CP IV). Results show that the use of RSAP as an internal curing agent improves the workability of fresh mortars when added pre-saturated, thus allowing a reduction of w/c ratio for a given workability. In the hardened state: (a) it works mainly in the minimization of initial cracking, being able to reduce the cracked area by up to 22.5% for CP II-F and 76.18% for CP IV; (b) acts in the reduction of shrinkage in high temperature and low relative humidity conditions; and (c) presents similar compressive strengths to the control mortars, when mixed in proper amounts, for both types of cement tested.
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Gao, Deyu. "Superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPC) materials and their industrial and high-tech applications." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-1484776.

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Quellfähige Verbundwerkstoffe aus Ton und Polyakrylamid können große Quantitäten von Wasser absorbieren, behalten aber dabei eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit und gute Dämpfungseigenschaften und stellen daher eine neue Klasse von Hydrogelen mit potentiell interessanten technologischen Eigenschaften dar. Solche superabsorbierende Verbundwerkstoffe (SAPC) werden durch Polymerisation mit einem Elektronenstrahl oder Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht hergestellt. Die Untersuchung der Eigenschaften von SAPC mit Hilfe von XRD, SEM, DSC, TGA, FTIR und NMR (27Al, 29Si und C) zeigen, dass in der SAPC-Struktur das Akrylamid (AM) mit Montmorillonit in dreierlei unterschiedlichen Weisen verbunden ist: a. AM interkaliert in den Zwischenschichtraum von Montmorillonit in bimolekularen Schichten, die durch van-der-Waals-Kräfte und Wasserstoffbindungen verknüpft sind; b. AM gebunden an der Oberfläche von Montmorillonit durch Wasserstoffbindungen; c. AM als freies Polymernetzwerk. Die Ergebnisse der rheologischen, mechanischen und thermischen Untersuchungen von SAPC zeigen eine völlig vernetzte Struktur mit vergleichsweise hoher mechanischer Festigkeit und thermischer Stabilität. Die Verwendung von SAPC bei der Ölgewinnung (Erhöhung der Ausbeute), im Umweltschutz (Reduzierung sauerer Berge), der Agri- und Silvikultur (Pflanzen, Samenbau), der petrochemischen Industrie (Entwässern), im Bauingenieurwesen (Zementbeimischung) und als Sensorsubstanz demonstriert, dass SAPC ein hohes Potential für umweltfreundliche und wirtschaftliche alternative Zwecke hat.
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Gao, Deyu. "Superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPC) materials and their industrial and high tech applications." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967158087.

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Sharma, Tarun. "Swelling and Dye Adsorption Characteristics of Superabsorbent Polymers." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3845.

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In the current study, SAPs of cationic monomer [2 - (Methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride have been prepared by free radical solution polymerisation with different crosslinkers. They were subjected to repeated cycles of swelling and de-swelling in DI water and NaCl solution. The conductivity of the swelling medium was measured and related to the swelling/de-swelling characteristics of the SAPs. The swelling capacity was also determined in saline solution. The swelling and de-swelling processes were described by first-order kinetics. The SAPs exhibited varied swelling capacity for crosslinkers of the same functionality as well as different functionality. The SAPs were used to adsorb, the dye Orange G at different initial concentrations of the dye. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The SAPs were also used to adsorb three other dyes, Congo red, Amido black and Alizarin cyanine green. They exhibited different adsorption capacity for different dyes. The adsorption phenomenon was found to follow first order kinetics. In the later part of the study, the co-monomers of [2 - (Methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride with zwitter-ionic monomers [2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide and [3-(Methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide inner salt were prepared in turns at two different concentrations. The effect of the addition of the zwitter-ionic monomers and their concentration of the swelling capacity and dye adsorption capacity was studied. There was no effect on the swelling capacity of the polymers due to either the species of the zwitter-ionic monomer or their concentration. However, there was a reduction in soluble content of the polymers. The dye adsorption capacity decreased at the higher concentration of the zwitter-ionic monomer.
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Gao, Deyu. "Superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPC) materials and their industrial and high-tech applications." Doctoral thesis, 2002. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22668.

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Quellfähige Verbundwerkstoffe aus Ton und Polyakrylamid können große Quantitäten von Wasser absorbieren, behalten aber dabei eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit und gute Dämpfungseigenschaften und stellen daher eine neue Klasse von Hydrogelen mit potentiell interessanten technologischen Eigenschaften dar. Solche superabsorbierende Verbundwerkstoffe (SAPC) werden durch Polymerisation mit einem Elektronenstrahl oder Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht hergestellt. Die Untersuchung der Eigenschaften von SAPC mit Hilfe von XRD, SEM, DSC, TGA, FTIR und NMR (27Al, 29Si und C) zeigen, dass in der SAPC-Struktur das Akrylamid (AM) mit Montmorillonit in dreierlei unterschiedlichen Weisen verbunden ist: a. AM interkaliert in den Zwischenschichtraum von Montmorillonit in bimolekularen Schichten, die durch van-der-Waals-Kräfte und Wasserstoffbindungen verknüpft sind; b. AM gebunden an der Oberfläche von Montmorillonit durch Wasserstoffbindungen; c. AM als freies Polymernetzwerk. Die Ergebnisse der rheologischen, mechanischen und thermischen Untersuchungen von SAPC zeigen eine völlig vernetzte Struktur mit vergleichsweise hoher mechanischer Festigkeit und thermischer Stabilität. Die Verwendung von SAPC bei der Ölgewinnung (Erhöhung der Ausbeute), im Umweltschutz (Reduzierung sauerer Berge), der Agri- und Silvikultur (Pflanzen, Samenbau), der petrochemischen Industrie (Entwässern), im Bauingenieurwesen (Zementbeimischung) und als Sensorsubstanz demonstriert, dass SAPC ein hohes Potential für umweltfreundliche und wirtschaftliche alternative Zwecke hat.
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Gao, Deyu [Verfasser]. "Superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPC) materials and their industrial and high tech applications / vorgelegt von Deyu Gao." 2003. http://d-nb.info/967158087/34.

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Books on the topic "Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)"

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Reinhardt, Hans-Wolf, and Viktor Mechtcherine. Application of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in concrete construction: State of the art report prepared by Technical Committee 225-SAP. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012.

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Boshoff, William P., Riaan Combrinck, Viktor Mechtcherine, and Mateusz Wyrzykowski, eds. 3rd International Conference on the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) and Other New Admixtures Towards Smart Concrete. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33342-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)"

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Friedrich, Stefan. "Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)." In Application of Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) in Concrete Construction, 13–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2733-5_3.

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Reinhardt, Hans-Wolf, and Alexander Assmann. "Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers on Durability of Concrete." In Application of Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) in Concrete Construction, 115–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2733-5_9.

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Kovler, Konstantin. "Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete." In Application of Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) in Concrete Construction, 99–114. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2733-5_8.

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Custódio, João, Paulo Francinete, António Ribeiro, Ana Gonzalez, and Eugênia Silva. "Comparison of Sorption Assessment Methods for Superabsorbent Polymers." In 3rd International Conference on the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) and Other New Admixtures Towards Smart Concrete, 11–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33342-3_2.

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Cusson, Daniel, Viktor Mechtcherine, and Pietro Lura. "Practical Applications of Superabsorbent Polymers in Concrete and Other Building Materials." In Application of Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) in Concrete Construction, 137–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2733-5_10.

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Filho, Romildo D. Toledo, Eugenia F. Silva, Anne N. M. Lopes, Viktor Mechtcherine, and Lukasz Dudziak. "Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers on the Workability of Concrete and Mortar." In Application of Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) in Concrete Construction, 39–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2733-5_5.

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Mechtcherine, Viktor, and Lukasz Dudziak. "Effects of Superabsorbent Polymers on Shrinkage of Concrete: Plastic, Autogenous, Drying." In Application of Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) in Concrete Construction, 63–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2733-5_7.

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Agostinho, Livia B., Thyala A. Cunha, Daiane V. M. R. Cupertino, and Eugênia F. Silva. "Calorimetry Analysis of High Strength Cement Pastes Containing Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP)." In 3rd International Conference on the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) and Other New Admixtures Towards Smart Concrete, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33342-3_1.

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Wang, Ying, Luca Montanari, W. Jason Weiss, and Prannoy Suraneni. "Internal Curing Using Superabsorbent Polymers for Alkali Activated Slag-Fly Ash Mixtures." In 3rd International Conference on the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) and Other New Admixtures Towards Smart Concrete, 239–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33342-3_26.

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Rodriguez, Claudia Romero, Maxim Deprez, Fernando F. de Mendonca Filho, Stefanie van Offenwert, Veerle Cnudde, Erik Schlangen, and Branko Šavija. "X-Ray Micro Tomography of Water Absorption by Superabsorbent Polymers in Mortar." In 3rd International Conference on the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) and Other New Admixtures Towards Smart Concrete, 29–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33342-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)"

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Farzanian, Khashayar, Yara Wehbe, and Ali Ghahremaninezhad. "The Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) on the Performance of Cementitious Materials." In Fourth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2016/scmt4d161.

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Chancellor, Cody, Connor Kirby, and Mahmoud Elsharafi. "Evaluate the Effect of pH on the Mixed Brine and Chemical Solutions." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68043.

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The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) when it is introduced to brine solutions containing Calcium ions at varying pH values. When injected into an oil well, a superabsorbent polymer will swell, blocking high permeability zones. The swelled polymer will decrease reservoir heterogeneity, diverting injected water to oil rich zones/areas of the formation. Understanding the kinetics of an SAP is crucial to its proper employment. However, when the polymer is introduced to brine solutions containing calcium, reactions involving the ionization of the sodium crosslinker of the polymers result in the destruction of the polymers and the formation of a precipitate. In an attempt to solve this problem, pH values of various concentrations of Calcium Chloride and Sodium Chloride in deionized water solutions will be varied and introduced to polymer samples to determine if lowering the pH can prevent precipitation. The procedure includes first introducing hydrochloric acid to brine mixtures, mixing and agitating the polymer with the brine solution, and lastly recording the results. The measurements to be recorded will include the volume of the polymers before, during, and after the swelling process. From this data, the swelling ratios of the polymer samples will be calculated, graphed, and contrasted appropriately according to time intervals and the pH of each sample. By following this procedure, the data shows that a very low pH can significantly inhibit the extent to which the polymer precipitates out with Calcium ions. Temperature tends to decrease polymer volume in brines with pH values above the 1–2 pH range, while pH values in or below said range increase in volume substantially.
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Mechtcherine, V., C. Schroefl, and M. Gorges. "Effectiveness of Various Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) in Mitigating Autogenous Shrinkage of Cement-based Materials." In Ninth International Conference on Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability Mechanics (CONCREEP-9). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413111.038.

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do Couto Rosa Almeida, Fernando, and Agnieszka Joanna Klemm. "Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) on Fresh State Mortars with Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS)." In International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structures. Purdue University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316136.

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Chancellor, Cody, and Mahmoud Elsharafi. "Swelling and Deswelling Kinetics of Superabsorbent Polymer." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68042.

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In the oil industry, techniques that decrease unwanted water production have drawn large amounts of interest from many companies. During water injection operations, water is injected into the reservoir in order to extract oil remaining in the formation. Due to the heterogeneity in the reservoir formation, oil production will decline and water production will increase as the injected water sweeps the high permeability zones. In order to flush out the oil remaining in the low permeability zones, many treatments have been used. One such treatment involves the injection of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) into the high permeability zones. The swelled polymer will decrease heterogeneity in the reservoir’s permeability, thus forcing injected water into the oil rich, unswept zones/areas of the formation. Proper application of an SAP can have a dramatic impact on both the production and lifespan of mature oil wells. Understanding the swelling and deswelling kinetics of the SAP is crucial to its application. The following work focused on the use of AT-O3S polymer, a Sodium salt of crosslinked polyacrylic acid purchased from Emerging Technologies®. The polymer had a particle size of 35 to 60 meshes, or 250 to 500 microns. The swelling and deswelling ratio of such a polymer is heavily influenced by salinity, temperature, and pH. In order to study the polymer’s kinetics, 1% (for swelling) or 0.1% (for deswelling) by solution weight of polymer was allowed to swell and deswell over time in various brines. These brines were made up of deionized water, 1% to 20% (by wt.) Sodium Chloride, and/or 1% to 10% (by wt.) Calcium Chloride. The effect of temperature on the final swelling ratio was afterwards tested. Understanding the reaction of SAPs to conditions similar to those found in an oil formation can help the oil industry to utilize this tool with greater efficiency.
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deng, hanwen, and shunzhi qian. "Influence of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles on the self-healing of engineered cementitious composites (ECC)." In 9th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc9.049.

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