Relevant bibliographies by topics / Supercapacitors

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Supercapacitors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Supercapacitors"

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Nagarajarao, Sumedha Harike, Apurva Nandagudi, Ramarao Viswanatha, Basavanakote Mahadevappa Basavaraja, Mysore Sridhar Santosh, Beekanahalli Mokshanatha Praveen, and Anup Pandith. "Recent Developments in Supercapacitor Electrodes: A Mini Review." ChemEngineering 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6010005.

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The use of nonrenewable fossil fuels for energy has increased in recent decades, posing a serious threat to human life. As a result, it is critical to build environmentally friendly and low-cost reliable and renewable energy storage solutions. The supercapacitor is a future energy device because of its higher power density and outstanding cyclic stability with a quick charge and discharge process. Supercapacitors, on the other hand, have a lower energy density than regular batteries. It is well known that the electrochemical characteristic of supercapacitors is strongly dependent on electrode materials. The current review highlights advance in the TMOs for supercapacitor electrodes. In addition, the newly discovered hybrid/pseudo-supercapacitors have been discussed. Metal oxides that are employed as electrode materials are the focus of this study. The discovery of nanostructured electrode materials continues to be a major focus of supercapacitor research. To create high-performance electrode materials from a morphological standpoint, various efforts have been attempted. Lastly, we analyze the supercapacitor’s evolving trend and our perspective for the future generations of supercapacitors.
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Satpathy, Sambit, Neeraj Kumar Misra, Vishal Goyal, Sanchali Das, Vishnu Sharma, and Shabir Ali. "An AI-Based Newly Developed Analytical Formulation for Discharging Behavior of Supercapacitors with the Integration of a Review of Supercapacitor Challenges and Advancement Using Quantum Dots." Symmetry 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15040844.

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A supercapacitor is a type of electrical component that has larger capacitance, due to asymmetric behavior with better power density, and lower ESR (effective series resistance) than conventional energy-storage components. Supercapacitors can be used with battery technology to create an effective energy storage system due to their qualities and precise characterization. Studies have shown that the use of quantum dots as electrodes in supercapacitors can significantly increase their effectiveness. In this research article, we have used a Drude model based on free electrons (asymmetric nature) to describe the supercapacitor’s discharging characteristics. Commercially available Nippon DLA and Green-cap supercapacitors were used to verify the Drude model by discharging them through a constant current source using a simple current mirror circuit. The parameters of both the fractional-order models and our suggested method were estimated using the least-squares regression fitting approach. An intriguing finding from the Drude model is the current-dependent behavior of the leakage-parallel resistance in the constant current discharge process. Instead of using the traditional exponential rule, supercapacitors discharge according to a power law. This work reflects the strong symmetry of different aspects of designing a hybrid supercapacitor with high efficiency and reliability.
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Zheng, Mei Na, Yan Song Li, and Jun Liu. "Thermal Analysis on Symmetric Rectangular Stackable Supercapacitors." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.539.

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In this paper, thermal model of the symmetric rectangular stackable supercapacitors are established. By using the finite element method, the temperature distribution of the supercapacitor is simulated. Then the supercapacitor's thermal behavior under the ambient temperature, but with different current density is analyzed. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature during the discharge process occurs in the center of the supercapacitor. The maximum temperature is associated with the applied current, and the higher the applied current is, the higher the maximum temperature is. It's necessary to control the maximum temperature within the allowable values, by establishing reasonable thermal management systems and cooling systems.
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Martynyuk, Valeriy, Oleksander Eromenko, Juliy Boiko, and Tomasz Kałaczyński. "Diagnostics of supercapacitors." MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818201009.

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The paper represents the mathematical model for diagnostics of supercapacitors. The research objectives are the problem of determining a supercapacitor technical condition during its operation. The general reliability of diagnostics is described as the methodological and instrumental reliabilities of diagnostics. The instrumental diagnostic reliability of supercapacitor includes the probabilities of errors of the first and second kind, α and β respectively. The methodological approach to increasing the reliability of supercapacitor diagnostic has been proposed, in terms of multi-parameter supercapacitor diagnostic by applying nonlinear, frequency dependent mathematical models of supercapacitors that take into account nonlinearity, frequency dispersion of parameters and the effect of transient processes in supercapacitors. The more frequencies, operating voltages and currents are applied in the supercapacitor diagnostics, the more methodological reliability of diagnostics will increase in relation to the methodological reliability of supercapacitor diagnostics when only one frequency, voltage and current are applied.
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Pour, Ghobad Behzadi, Hassan Ashourifar, Leila Fekri Aval, and Shahram Solaymani. "CNTs-Supercapacitors: A Review of Electrode Nanocomposites Based on CNTs, Graphene, Metals, and Polymers." Symmetry 15, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061179.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to mechanical, electrical, and surface area properties and their ability to adapt to different nanocomposite structures, are very substantial in supercapacitor electrodes. In this review, we have summarized high-performance, flexible, and symmetry CNT supercapacitors based on the CNTs/graphene, CNTs/metal, and CNTs/polymer electrodes. To present recent developments in CNT supercapacitors, we discuss the performance of supercapacitors based on electrical properties such as specific capacitance (SC), power and energy densities, and capacitance retention (CR). The comparison of supercapacitor nanocomposite electrodes and their results are reported for future researchers.
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Ma, Ning, Dongfang Yang, Saleem Riaz, Licheng Wang, and Kai Wang. "Aging Mechanism and Models of Supercapacitors: A Review." Technologies 11, no. 2 (March 3, 2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies11020038.

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Electrochemical supercapacitors are a promising type of energy storage device with broad application prospects. Developing an accurate model to reflect their actual working characteristics is of great research significance for rational utilization, performance optimization, and system simulation of supercapacitors. This paper presents the fundamental working principle and applications of supercapacitors, analyzes their aging mechanism, summarizes existing supercapacitor models, and evaluates the characteristics and application scope of each model. By examining the current state and limitations of supercapacitor modeling research, this paper identifies future development trends and research focuses in this area.
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Xia, Jingjie, Ronghao Wang, Chengfei Qian, Kaiwen Sun, He Liu, Cong Guo, Jingfa Li, Feng Yu, and Weizhai Bao. "Supercapacitors of Nanocrystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks—A Review." Crystals 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2022): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101350.

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Due to their highly changeable porosity and adaptable skeletons, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been frequently used in supercapacitors. Additionally, COFs are a wonderful match for supercapacitors’ requirements for quick carrier migration and ion catalysis. COFs exhibit significant potential and limitless opportunities in electrochemical storage supercapacitors. The applicability of COFs has, nonetheless, been limited because the primary organic component prevents electron conduction and the interior active sites are challenging to fully utilize. The conductivity enhancement of COFs has been the subject of extensive research to solve these challenges. This review begins by outlining the features of COFs in the context of their use in supercapacitors and their methods of synthesis. The application of previously published COF materials in supercapacitors were evaluated including electrode materials and solid-state devices. Finally, essential aspects and potential problems are discussed as the exceptional performance characteristics of COFs are illustrated from a supercapacitor standpoint. This review also forecasts the future of COF-based supercapacitor development.
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Ren, Jiahui, Wenli Lin, Xinbo Liu, Shuiyuan He, Zhonghao Dongye, and Lijun Diao. "Full Current-Type Control-Based Hybrid Energy Storage System." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082910.

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With greater power density, a hybrid power source that combines supercapacitors and batteries has a wide range of applications in pulse-operated power systems. In this paper, a supercapacitor/battery semi-active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with a full current-type control strategy is presented. The studied HESS is composed of batteries, supercapacitors, and a bidirectional buck–boost converter. The converter is controlled such that supercapacitors supply load power pulses, and batteries provide the power in steady state. To realize the fast compensation of the supercapacitors to the load power pulses, a power distribution module based on hysteresis control theory is designed in the control system. Moreover, the control strategy does not require the model parameters of the converter and supercapacitors, so the control system is simplified. A complete configuration scheme and cost analysis of the proposed HESS are also presented. Obtained results show that the proposed supercapacitor/battery semi-active HESS has good performance in terms of dynamic response, weight, and energy utilization coefficient (EUC).
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Pampana, Venkatesh, Daniel Lavin, Markus Duchon, and Ankit Srivastava. "Supercap-Python: An Open-Source Python Based Super Capacitor Modelling Package." International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 4 (December 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeee.9.4.93-99.

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Supercapacitors have attained high power density and exceptional durability with the recent advancement in terms of their materials and chemistries. The potential scientific and industrial applications of supercapacitors are being explored continually. This instigates the need for model-based analysis and synthesis tools, which can describe dynamic phenomena, support multiphysics problems, and allow for immediate use in design and advanced control analysis. For these aspects, modelling of supercapacitors would be beneficial. However, there are no open-source simulation tools on supercapacitors available for the scientific community to work with. This paper presents the development of an open-source supercapacitor modelling package in python language. The proposed package is evaluated by comparing the results with a standard MATLAB/Simulink supercapacitor model. The simulation results have shown that both models yielded similar envelope.
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Abdul Razak, Muhammad Nizam, Zulkarnain Ahmad Noorden, Farid Nasir Ani, Zulkurnain Abdul Malek, Jasrul Jamani Jamian, and Nouruddeen Bashir. "Electrochemical properties of kenaf-derived activated carbon electrodes under different activation time durations for supercapacitor application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp1105-1112.

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<span>The electrochemical properties of supercapacitors with kenaf-derived activated carbon electrodes under different activation time durations were evaluated. The study aims to determine the optimum activation time required that contributes to highest supercapacitor’s perfomance. Kenaf fibre was firstly carbonized at 400 °C to remove its water content and any volatile substances. The resulted kenaf-derived carbon was then impregnated in potassium hydroxide (KOH) with 4:1 impregnation ratio and left overnight. After the impregnation process, the carbon sample was activated at 600 °C with different heating time durations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours and named as A600-1, A600-2, A600-3 and A600-4, repectively. Four supercapacitors with the kenaf-derived activated carbon samples as the electrodes were fabricated based on two-electrode symmetrical test cell system. Specific capacitances of 108, 189, 242, and 126 F/g for supercapacitors with activated carbon A600-1, A600-2, A600-3 and A600-4 electrodes, respectively were achieved. These were much higher than previously reported values of only up to 37 F/g. </span><span>The finding suggests that an inexpensive fibrous carbon material derived from kenaf by a facile pyrolysis process may be a remarkable choice to construct high performance supercapacitor.</span>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supercapacitors"

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Andres, Britta. "Paper-based Supercapacitors." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för naturvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22410.

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The growing market of mobile electronic devices, renewable off-grid energy sources and electric vehicles requires high-performance energy storage devices. Rechargeable batteries are usually the first choice due to their high energy density. However, supercapacitors have a higher power density and longer life-time compared to batteries. For some applications supercapacitors are more suitable than batteries. They can also be used to complement batteries in order to extend a battery's life-time. The use of supercapacitors is, however, still limited due to their high costs. Most commercially available supercapacitors contain expensive electrolytes and costly electrode materials. In this thesis I will present the concept of cost efficient, paper-based supercapacitors. The idea is to produce supercapacitors with low-cost, green materials and inexpensive production processes. We show that supercapacitor electrodes can be produced by coating graphite on paper. Roll-to-roll techniques known from the paper industry can be employed to facilitate an economic large-scale production. We investigated the influence of paper on the supercapacitor's performance and discussed its role as passive component. Furthermore, we used chemically reduced graphite oxide (CRGO) and a CRGO-gold nanoparticle composite to produce electrodes for supercapacitors. The highest specific capacitance was achieved with the CRGO-gold nanoparticle electrodes. However, materials produced by chemical synthesis and intercalation of nanoparticles are too costly for a large-scale production of inexpensive supercapacitor electrodes. Therefore, we introduced the idea of producing graphene and similar nano-sized materials in a high-pressure homogenizer. Layered materials like graphite can be exfoliated when subjected to high shear forces. In order to form mechanical stable electrodes, binders need to be added. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) can be used as binder to improve the mechanical stability of the porous electrodes. Furthermore, NFC can be prepared in a high-pressure homogenizer and we aim to produce both NFC and graphene simultaneously to obtain a NFC-graphene composite. The addition of 10% NFC in ratio to the amount of graphite, increased the supercapacitor's capacitance, enhanced the dispersion stability of homogenized graphite and improved the mechanical stability of graphite electrodes in both dry and wet conditions. Scanning electron microscope images of the electrode's cross section revealed that NFC changed the internal structure of graphite electrodes depending on the type of graphite used. Thus, we discussed the influence of NFC and the electrode structure on the capacitance of supercapacitors.
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Hick, Ralph. "Hierarchical graphene supercapacitors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hierarchical-graphene-supercapacitors(c3583283-c6a7-439f-9459-217c3ff2c44f).html.

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Electrochemical supercapacitors are promising devices for energy storage applications. However, their uptake is currently limited by their relatively low energy density. The recent discovery of graphene has strengthened supercapacitor research, due to graphene's high surface area, conductivity, strength, and flexibility. However, the synthesis of large quantities of defect-free graphene and its subsequent incorporation into supercapacitors has proved difficult due to aggregation and restacking of the graphene. Hence, in order to retain the high surface area of graphene, it needs to be incorporated into hierarchical structures. Given these issues, this thesis aimed to produce high quality graphene flakes via electrochemical exfoliation. These flakes were then processed into hierarchical structures (foams and fibres) for supercapacitor devices. The graphene was exfoliated using a reductive process, with two different cells designs explored. The influence of the microstructure of the initial graphite on the exfoliation process was also studied. The hierarchical foams were produced by depositing the graphene onto nickel foam. It was found that the degree of exfoliation has a marginal effect on the capacitance of the device. This electrochemically exfoliated graphite was also wet-spun with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carbonised to produce carbon fibre-graphene composites. It was found that the carbonised materials had a higher capacitance than the precursor material (33 F g-1 and 47 F g-1 respectively). As a comparison, wet-spun graphene oxide fibres were synthesised with polyvinyl alcohol and were subsequently carbonised and reduced. These fibres gave comparable capacitance results to the carbonised polyacrylonitrile fibres (47 F g-1 and 40 F g-1 respectively).
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Black, Victoria J. "High temperature supercapacitors." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12490.

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The scientific objective of this research program was to determine the feasibility of manufacturing an ionic liquid-based supercapacitor that could operate at temperatures up to 220 °C. A secondary objective was to determine the compatibility of ionic liquids with other cell components (e.g. current collectors) at high temperature and, if required, consider means of mitigating any problems. The industrial motivation for the present work was to develop a supercapacitor capable of working in the harsh environment of deep offshore boreholes. If successful, this technology would allow down-hole telemetry under conditions of mechanical vibration and high temperature. The obstacles, however, were many. All supercapacitor components had to be stable against thermal decomposition up to T ≥ 220 °C. Volatile components had to be eliminated. If possible, the finished device should be able to withstand voltages greater than 4 V, in order to maximise the amount of stored energy. The internal resistance should be as low as possible. Side reactions, particularly faradaic reactions, should be eliminated or suppressed. All liquid components should be gelled to minimise leakage in the event of cell damage. Finally, any emergent problems should be identified.
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GIGOT, ARNAUD NICOLAS. "Graphene-based Supercapacitors." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2702186.

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In Chapter I, the current worldwide energy scenario is thoroughly presented, along with the recent development in renewable technologies. The crucial need of energy storage devices is presented. Electrical storage technologies, with a focus on electrochemical storage, are reviewed. Chapter II deals with the fundamentals of Supercapacitors such as operating principles and cell architectures. Moreover, the history of Graphene is reported with the recent development on its synthesis and production. Materials used to enhance the performance of Graphene-based Supercapacitors are presented. Chapter III is focused on the electrochemical characterization of Graphene-based Supercapacitors with the different measurements available for the performance evaluation and the key parameters. In Chapter IV, a comparison study was performed among several graphene composites containing metal oxides or metal dichalcogenides. However, this chapter was aimed to in-situ synthesize a hybrid 1T-2H-molybdenum disulphide together with the reduction of graphene oxide by one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. The supercapacitor resulting from this innovative hybrid demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance with a stability up to 50.000 cycles. Chapter V deals with the hydrothermal synthesis of reduced graphene oxide aerogel decorated with molybdenum oxide particles. This work was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the concomitant hydrothermal processes using the L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) as reducing agent. The addition of this green reducing agent induces a better reduction of graphene oxide and a higher reproducibility of the desired chemical reduction yield. The presence of molybdenum oxide particles permits to increase the specific capacitance using Faradaic processes. As-synthesized materials are tested in micro-supercapacitors in Chapter VI. PDMS-based micro-supercapacitors were fabricated through a simple photolithographic process. Moreover, the use of a conductive binder, PEDOT:PSS, is investigated. The binder induces the formation of a spring-like rod configuration with the embedded active material. This spatial conformation is determined by the filling of the interdigitated channels by capillarity. As-fabricated micro-supercapacitors show high flexibility and good cycling stability. Finally, Chapter VII presents the integration of supercapacitor devices to textiles fabrics. Two different works are presented: synthesis and characterization of an in-situ reduced graphene oxide aerogels onto a copper wire; and fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based wearable supercapacitors. The first part shows a peculiar morphology of the aerogel wadded around the current collector. The fabricated device demonstrates outstanding electrochemical properties in comparison with state-of-the-art works. Moreover, flexibility tests are performed and results are encouraging. In the second part, high performance exfoliated graphene-based wearable supercapacitors are studied. The padding method allows to produce 100 meters of textile fabrics coated with electrochemical exfoliated graphene. Obtained results are promising but, more importantly, the approach used is scalable and cost-effective. The experimental part of this thesis has been carried out in the Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino), in the Department of Applied Science and Technology (Politecnico di Torino), in the School of Chemistry and the National Graphene Institute (The University of Manchester, UK). The work was mainly focused on the synthesis and development of active materials prior to be tested for electrode in supercapacitor applications.
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Beidaghi, Majid. "Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of On-chip Micro-supercapacitors." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/660.

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Due to the increasing demand for high power and reliable miniaturized energy storage devices, the development of micro-supercapacitors or electrochemical micro-capacitors have attracted much attention in recent years. This dissertation investigates several strategies to develop on-chip micro-supercapacitors with high power and energy density. Micro-supercapacitors based on interdigitated carbon micro-electrode arrays are fabricated through carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) technique which is based on carbonization of patterned photoresist. To improve the capacitive behavior, electrochemical activation is performed on carbon micro-electrode arrays. The developed micro-supercapacitors show specific capacitances as high as 75 mFcm-2 at a scan rate of 5 mVs-1 after electrochemical activation for 30 minutes. The capacitance loss is less than 13% after 1000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. These results indicate that electrochemically activated C-MEMS micro-electrode arrays are promising candidates for on-chip electrochemical micro-capacitor applications. The energy density of micro-supercapacitors was further improved by conformal coating of polypyrrole (PPy) on C-MEMS structures. In these types of micro-devices the three dimensional (3D) carbon microstructures serve as current collectors for high energy density PPy electrodes. The electrochemical characterizations of these micro-supercapacitors show that they can deliver a specific capacitance of about 162.07 mFcm-2 and a specific power of 1.62mWcm-2 at a 20 mVs-1 scan rate. Addressing the need for high power micro-supercapacitors, the application of graphene as electrode materials for micro-supercapacitor was also investigated. The present study suggests a novel method to fabricate graphene-based micro-supercapacitors with thin film or in-plane interdigital electrodes. The fabricated micro-supercapacitors show exceptional frequency response and power handling performance and could effectively charge and discharge at rates as high as 50 Vs-1. CV measurements show that the specific capacitance of the micro-supercapacitor based on reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube composites is 6.1 mFcm-2 at scan rate of 0.01Vs-1. At a very high scan rate of 50 Vs-1, a specific capacitance of 2.8 mFcm-2 (stack capacitance of 3.1 Fcm-3) is recorded. This unprecedented performance can potentially broaden the future applications of micro-supercapacitors.
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Avireddy, Hemesh. "Enhancing electrochemical performances of supercapacitors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667599.

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The thesis is focused on the development and enhancement of the electrochemical properties of the carbon based supercapacitors and pseudocapacitors. To overcome the capacitance loss at the condition of fast charging in the carbon-based supercapacitors, a metal-oxide embedded porous carbon nanofiber with a 3-D electrode architecture is designed. This electrode reduces the electrode resistance and at the same time increases the associated values of capacitance at high rates. The investigation also indicates an essential role in the concentration of the metal oxide precursor towards the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes. This correlation could be useful to design better electrodes for supercapacitor, functioning with better energy and power density capabilities. Whereas, in the case of the water-based pseudocapacitors, it is shown that they suffer from low voltages. Two strategies were used to overcome this issue. (i) Exploring and improving the electrode material based non-carbon materials. In this regard, new materials from the family of MXenes are introduced, to achieve higher cell voltages. Under this frame, a new 2-D MXene based on Molybdenum Vanadium Carbide is proposed and its electrochemical characteristics were investigated. According to its characteristics, its coupling with 2-D Titanium Carbide MXene exhibits a higher cell voltage. The investigation reveals that the charge storage in 2-D molybdenum vanadium carbide MXene has the dependence on the type of electrolyte cations. For the case in point, small size monovalent cations, such as lithium and sodium ions, demonstrate lower hindrance to the charge storage, while large size monovalent potassium ions and bivalent magnesium ions suffer from hindrance effect, causing them to have lower charge storage than lithium and sodium ions. Therefore, the selection of appropriate electrolyte ions especially in the case of MXene based materials appears to be important, which is here found to be with the protonic and sodium ion based electrolytes. (ii) the proposed approach is based on the use of water-based super-concentrated salt solutions which are promising electrolytes to contribute to widening the cell voltage of aqueous pseudocapacitors. Likewise, besides this, it is also proposed that the coupling of 2-D Titanium Carbide MXene with the tunnel structures of Manganese Oxide using this super-concentrated electrolyte water in salt can enable a high voltage aqueous pseudocapacitive energy storage device. The investigation using this approach reveals that the concentration of the salt electrolyte plays a significant role in the values of charge storage in 2-D titanium carbides. Although an extremely high concentration of salt electrolytes widens the potential window, the electrolyte ions in such high concentration face difficulty to insert within the 2-D layers of titanium carbide MXene. On the contrary, the use of low concentrated salt solutions is not recommended, as they provide narrow potential windows. Consequently, during the cell assembling using super-concentrated electrolytes, a moderate concentration of salt electrolyte needs to be taken into attention. On this way, both wider potential window and high charge storage, can be achieved with pseudocapacitive materials like 2-D titanium carbides MXenes. The crystallographic tunnel size of manganese oxide plays a vital role in the charge storage. For instance, tunnel structures, both smaller and larger than the size of the electrolyte ions store fewer charges. As both of these tunnel phases of manganese oxide face difficulty for the insertion of the electrolyte ions. Therefore, manganese oxide with adequate tunnel size needs to be taken into account. Besides this, it is also essential to consider the electronic conductivity of the manganese oxide phase, as high electronic conductivity allows it to store more charges during the condition of fast charging. In regards of the cell assembly, after considering the above-mentioned understanding the practice of applying the voltage-hold test to determine the realistic cell voltage is helpful, as the cell assembled with such realistic voltages permits the cell to have long cycle life. Besides these understanding, remarkable performances were witnesses with the technologies developed in this thesis. For example: (i) the carbon-based electric double layer supercapacitor shows faster responses than the existing carbon-based supercapacitors, (ii) the pseudocapacitors shows high volumetric capacitances (> 35 F cm-3) than carbon-based supercapacitors. Besides this, pseudocapacitors also exhibit higher cells voltages than the existing pseudocapacitors. The pseudocapacitor cells developed in this exhibits high electrochemical stability (> 95 %) over thousands of cycles. Furthermore, the pseudocapacitor is more favorable than EDLCs in applications as they provide slower self-discharges than EDLCs. The above understanding, such as the selection of the electrode, electrode processing and the cell assembly is a tool for designing better supercapacitors.
La tesis se centra en el desarrollo del conocimiento orientado y conducido a la mejora de las propiedades electroquímicas de los supercapacitores, ya que sufren bajos valores de densidad de energía. Este inconveniente limita a los supercapacitores en las aplicaciones donde son necesarios tanto alta potencia como densidad de energía. Entonces, en este escenario, se identificaron dos problemas principales importantes: (a) las limitaciones de rendimiento del supercapacitor debido a la condición de carga rápida, y (b) el bajo voltaje de celda de los pseudocapacitores en electrolitos acuosos en comparación con los electrolitos orgánicos. Para superar la limitación de rendimiento en el primer problema, se muestra una alternativa original a través del electrospinning para diseñar nanofibras de carbono porosas con incrustaciones de óxido metálico con una arquitectura de electrodo 3D que contribuyen a reducir la resistencia del electrodo y al mismo tiempo aumentan los valores asociados de capacidad. La investigación indica un papel esencial en la concentración del precursor de óxido metálico hacia el comportamiento electroquímico de los electrodos. Esta correlación podría ser útil para diseñar mejores electrodos para supercapacitadores, funcionando con mejores capacidades de densidad de energía y potencia. En lo que respecta al problema relacionado con los bajos voltajes celulares en el pseudocapacitor acuoso, en lugar de utilizar materiales basados en carbono más estándar, se toma una metodología en términos de exploración y mejora basada en las propiedades del material del electrodo. Así, se introducen nuevos materiales de la familia de MXenes, para lograr voltajes de celda más altos. Bajo este marco, se propone un nuevo MXene 2-D basado en carburo de vanadio y molibdeno y se han investigado sus características electroquímicas. De acuerdo con sus características, su acoplamiento con carburo de titanio 2-D MXene exhibe un voltaje más alto en una celda pseudocapacitiva todo en MXene. Además de esto, el problema del bajo voltaje de la celda también se resuelve aplicando otro enfoque basado en la modificación del electrólito. El enfoque propuesto se basa en el uso de soluciones salinas superconcentradas a base de agua que son electrolitos prometedores en la ampliación del voltaje celular de los pseudocapacitores acuosos. Del mismo modo, también se propone que el acoplamiento del carburo de titanio 2-D MXene con las estructuras del túnel de óxido de manganeso utilizando este electrolito súper concentrado o agua en sal permite lograr una celda de pseudocapacitador acuoso de alto voltaje. En conjunto, la estrategia presentada a través de esta tesis en términos de preparación de electrodos, selección de materiales, ensamblaje celular y su evaluación de las propiedades electroquímicas es una herramienta para diseñar supercapacitores con mejores capacidades de energía y potencia.
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Zhou, Chongfu. "Carbon Nanotube Based Electrochemical Supercapacitors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19747.

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Several approaches have been used to develop carbon nanotube (CNT) based electrochemical supercapacitors. These approaches include the following: (a) stabilization and carbonization of ternary composites of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly (styrene co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) copolymer, and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs); (b) SWNT membranes functionalized with aryl chloride, sodium sulfonate, aryl sulfonic acid, bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)5-aminobenzene-1,3-dioate, and 4,4 -methylenedianiline; and (c) pyrrole treated SWNTs. In addition nitric acid functionalized and heat-treated SWNT membranes have been studied. The electrochemical supercapacitor behavior of these membrane electrodes has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charging-discharging, and impedance analysis in aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes. Long term performance of selected electrodes has been evaluated. The surface area and pore size distribution was quantified by N2 gas adsorption/desorption and correlated with capacitance performance. The surface functional groups have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CNT electrode/electrolyte interaction has been characterized using contact angle measurements. Electrolyte absorption by the electrodes has also been characterized. Carbonized PAN/SAN/SWNT ternary composites exhibit double layer capacity of over 200 μF/cm2. By comparison, the double layer capacity of classical meso-porous carbons is in the range of 10-50 μF/cm2. The capacitance of functionalized SWNTs is up to 2 times that of the control bucky paper made from unfunctionalized SWNTs. Energy density of functionalized electrodes when evaluated in an ionic liquid is as high as 28 kJ/kg. High capacitance (up to 350 F/g) was obtained for pyrrole-treated functionalized SWNT membranes in 6 M KOH. This value is almost seven times that of the control bucky paper. Correlating the capacitance with surface area and pore size distribution, it was observed that macropores (pore width greater than 50 nm) play an important role for achieving high capacitance.
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Wade, Timothy Lawrence. "High power carbon based supercapacitors /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/439.

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Energy storage devices are generally evaluated on two main requirements; power and energy. In supercapacitors these two performance criteria are altered by the capacitance, resistance and voltage. (For complete abstract open document)
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Chae, Jung Hoon. "Supercapacitors with neutral aqueous electrolytes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30936/.

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Fossil fuels, which are the main energy sources of the current world, are running low and alternative ways of generating and storing different types of energies are becoming daunting missions. Renewable energy is very attractive because the source of the energy is often free and also environmentally friendly. The key issue to utilise the renewable energies in sustainable manner is how effectively store the energies and provide them on demand. Therefore, the significance of the energy storage devices has been widely recognised in recent time. Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which are also commonly known as supercapacitors, are a type of the energy storage devices and the ECs are widely used as a back-up power boosting device to the batteries. Due to EC's low energy characteristics (typically, lower than 5 Wh/kg), their applications are limited. Therefore, main aim of this study is to enhance the energy characteristics of the ECs. In particular, aqueous ECs were examined due to a number of advantages offered by the water-based system. It was found that neutral aqueous electrolytes can expand the operating voltage close to 2 V (aqueous ECs commonly operate within 1 V) with advanced designs and hence result in remarkably higher energy. Moreover, the optimum condition of the neutral aqueous electrolytes was investigated by examining the effect of ion size, concentration and temperature. One of the main disadvantages of using the aqueous electrolytes in low temperatures was successfully resolved by using concentrated electrolytes (freezing point depressed up to -20°C). Mn02 with carbon materials were also used to construct asymmetrical ECs. The highest specific energy (Wh/kg) of the neutral aqueous ECs was achieved at 20 Wh/kg using unequal electrode design. This result is very much comparable to the Pb-acid battery. Based on the obtained data, larger scale (thicker and bigger electrode films) of the prototype ECs were constructed and their results correspond well with the results obtained from the smaller ECs. The data of the neutral aqueous ECs, which is contained in this thesis, suggest that the water-based ECs have a remarkable market potential.
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Wang, Chaojun. "Graphene composites for fiber supercapacitors." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22363.

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Fiber supercapacitors (FSCs) are promising energy storage devices for emerging wearable electronics due to their unique advantages, such as good flexibility, weaveability and integratablity. Graphene materials with high surface area and excellent conductivity have been explored as electrode materials for fabricating FSCs. However, there are some many challenges to be resolved before they can be used in practical devices. This thesis focuses on three critical issues. First, when graphene materials are assembled as graphene hydrogel fibers, they shrink significantly during drying accompanied by complex internal structural transforms, which affect their energy storage performance significantly. However, the vital drying process has been largely ignored in previous studies. Second, when assembling graphene nanosheets into graphene electrodes, they often stack together uncontrollably due to strong van der Waals interactions between adjacent nanosheets, which significantly compromise their energy storage performance, This phenomenon has limited the applications of graphene fibers, even though they have high theoretical specific capacitance. Third, although graphene material based electrodes often deliver high power and long cycle life, their energy storage capacity based on the electrochemical double-layer capacitance is often limited. How to efficiently incorporate pseudocapacitive materials into graphene fibers to increase energy storage density is still unclear. To address these three issues, first, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the effects of drying conditions of graphene fibers on their porous structures and electrochemical properties. Graphene fibers were dried systematically under five different representative drying conditions. It was found that (1) the d-spacing of graphene nanosheets is determined during their reduction in hydrothermal assembly; (2) pore structures of dried graphene fibers are significantly influenced by solvent removal rates during drying; (3) the interconnection of pores in graphene fibers can be retained if non-volatile solvents are trapped in hydrogel fibers and (4) the graphene fibers dried under different conditions show significantly different specific volumetric capacitance and rate capability in capacitive energy storage. These findings can guide the synthesis of 1D fibers from 2D materials for FSCs and beyond. Second, a 2D-covalent organic framework (2D-COF) with a thickness of around 2 nm was explored as a nano-spacer to prevent the stacking of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets during their assembly. The 2D-COF was selected because its mesopores can serve as an efficient “highway” for ion diffusion. The rGO/COF hybrid delivered a high gravimetric capacitance of 321 F g–1, corresponding to an ultrahigh graphene utilization rate (74%) related to theoretical gravimetric capacitance of graphene. Further, its practical applications were demonstrated in both thin-film supercapacitors and FSCs. They delivered a high specific energy density of 10.3 Wh kg−1 (thin-film supercapacitors) or 7.9 mWh cm−3 (FSCs), respectively. The 2D-COF shows good potential to enhance the energy storage performance of graphene or other 2D materials. Third, a novel method was demonstrated to uniformly incorporate ruthenium oxide (RuO2) nanoparticles with an ultra-high mass loading of 42.5 wt.% into holey graphene oxide (HGO) fibers. The HGO fibers were first prepared by the hydrothermal assembly. Next, Ru3+ ions were incorporated into wet HGO fibers before drying. The resulting composite fibers exhibited an ultrahigh volumetric capacitance of 1054 F cm−3. Solid-state FSCs fabricated by these fibers showed an ultrahigh energy density of 27.3 mWh cm−3. This method has the general applicability to incorporate different pseudocapacitive materials into graphene fibers to increase their energy storage capacity. Forth, to further increase the electrical conductivity of hybrid fibers containing pseudocapacitive materials, a core-sheath fiber comprised of a graphite fiber core and a MoS2 nanosheet intercalated HGO sheath was designed and synthesized by the hydrothermal assembly. MoS2 was selected due to its high pseudocapacitance and conductivity. The graphite fiber core served as a faster electron transfer highway. The core-sheath fiber showed a high volumetric capacitance up to 421 F cm−3. It was found that more than half of the capacitance of the fiber can be retained when the scan rate increases from 2 to 100 mV s–1. The assembled solid-state FSC delivered a high energy density of 8.2 mWh cm−3 at the power density of 40 mW cm−3. Overall, this thesis has provided new fundamental understandings of the assembly of graphene materials. Several innovative methods were demonstrated to produce high-performance graphene-based electrodes for FSCs. These results will help to realize of various potential practical applications of FSCs based on graphene materials
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Books on the topic "Supercapacitors"

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Béguin, François, and Elżbieta Frąckowiak, eds. Supercapacitors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.

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Conway, B. E. Electrochemical Supercapacitors. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3058-6.

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Zhang, Lei, David P. Wilkinson, Zhongwei Chen, and Jiujun Zhang, eds. Lithium-Ion Supercapacitors. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, [2018] |: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429492006.

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Yee Liew, Soon, Wim Thielemans, Stefan Freunberger, and Stefan Spirk. Polysaccharide Based Supercapacitors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50754-5.

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Thomas, Sabu, Amadou Belal Gueye, and Ram K. Gupta, eds. Nanostructured Materials for Supercapacitors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99302-3.

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George, Soney C., Sam John, and Sreelakshmi Rajeevan. Polymer Nanocomposites in Supercapacitors. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003174646.

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Xiong, Guoping, Arpan Kundu, and Timothy S. Fisher. Thermal Effects in Supercapacitors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20242-6.

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Paravannoor, Anjali, and Baiju K.V. Supercapacitors and Their Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003258384.

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Jadhav, Vijaykumar V., Rajaram S. Mane, and Pritamkumar V. Shinde. Bismuth-Ferrite-Based Electrochemical Supercapacitors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16718-9.

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Buydos, John F. Batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Washington, D.C: Science Reference Section, Science, Technology, and Business Division, Library of Congress, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Supercapacitors"

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Donne, Scott W. "General Principles of Electrochemistry." In Supercapacitors, 1–68. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch1.

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Azaïs, Philippe. "Manufacturing of Industrial Supercapacitors." In Supercapacitors, 307–71. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch10.

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Gualous, Hamid, and Roland Gallay. "Supercapacitor Module Sizing and Heat Management under Electric, Thermal, and Aging Constraints." In Supercapacitors, 373–436. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch11.

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Burke, Andrew. "Testing of Electrochemical Capacitors." In Supercapacitors, 437–71. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch12.

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Miller, John R. "Reliability of Electrochemical Capacitors." In Supercapacitors, 473–507. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch13.

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Miller, John R. "Market and Applications of Electrochemical Capacitors." In Supercapacitors, 509–26. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch14.

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Pandolfo, Tony, Vanessa Ruiz, Seepalakottai Sivakkumar, and Jawahr Nerkar. "General Properties of Electrochemical Capacitors." In Supercapacitors, 69–109. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch2.

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Taberna, Pierre-Louis, and Patrice Simon. "Electrochemical Techniques." In Supercapacitors, 111–30. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch3.

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Simon, Patrice, Pierre-Louis Taberna, and François Béguin. "Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors and Carbons for EDLCs." In Supercapacitors, 131–65. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch4.

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Huang, Jingsong, Rui Qiao, Guang Feng, Bobby G. Sumpter, and Vincent Meunier. "Modern Theories of Carbon-Based Electrochemical Capacitors." In Supercapacitors, 167–206. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Supercapacitors"

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Xu, Xinqiang, Bahgat G. Sammakia, DaeYoung Jung, and Thor Eilertsen. "Multiphysics Approach to Modeling Supercapacitors for Improving Performance." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52081.

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Supercapacitors are a strong candidate for high-power applications such as electric/hybrid vehicles and electronic devices due to their high power densities and high efficiency particularly at low temperatures. In these applications, supercapacitors are used as energy-storage devices with capability of providing the peak-power requirement. They are subject to heavy duty cycling conditions which result in significant heat generation inside the supercapacitors. Therefore, thermal management is a key issue concerning lifetime and performance of supercapacitors. Accurate modeling of temperature field inside supercapacitors is essential for designing an appropriate cooling system, meeting the safety and reliability requirements of power systems. The objective of this paper is to study the transient and spatial temperature distribution in supercapacitors, in which a supercapacitor product with prismatic structure, based on the activated carbon and organic electrolyte technology, was chosen for modeling. A multi-dimensional thermal and electrochemical coupled model was developed by a commercial software COMSOL. In this approach, the 3D energy equation was coupled with a 1D electrochemical model via the heat generation and temperature-dependent physicochemical properties, including diffusion coefficient and ionic conductivity of electrolyte ions. Location-dependent convection and radiation boundary conditions were applied to reflect different heat dissipation phenomena of all surfaces. This model is capable of predicting electrochemical performance and temperature distribution for different involved parameters. The results of this model can also be used to determine the optimum thermal management system for various supercapacitor applications.
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Wong, Ching-Ping. "Rational Synthesis of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2833.

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Supercapacitors fill the gap between the batteries and capacitors in the Nyquist plots, and being considered as the candidates for next generation energy storage due to the high-power density, long-term cyclability and moderate energy density. In order to fulfill the requirement for practical applications, it is necessary to further develop the current supercapacitors and enhance the energy density. Hence in this paper, we discuss the work we have done for developing high-performance supercapacitors, including synthesis of large surface area and high conductive carbonaceous materials and highly electroactive pseudocapacitive materials. Our works may pave the way for synthesis of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.
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Geier, Sebastian, Jan Petersen, and Peter Wierach. "Structure Integrated Supercapacitors for Space Applications." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5687.

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Abstract The increasing electrification places great demands on the supply and storage of electrical energy. Beside batteries, supercapacitors are a second storage technology with clear advantages compared to batteries in terms of charging time, energy density and cycle stability. This publication deals with the structurally compliant integration of pouch supercapacitor cells which are developed for integration into fiber-reinforced composites. The energy storage components are designed to transmit mechanical stresses. The aim is to qualify a space structure with integrated supercapacitors for use under space conditions. For a special peak power application, 14 supercapacitors are integrated into the lay-up of a glass fiber-reinforced structure. This structure connects electronic components and is therefore designed load-bearingly. Thermal cycling under high vacuum between −22°C and +67°C shows temperature effects, as result of the temperature dependence of the ion mobility. During the other mechanical tests (sinus vibration, random vibration, pyroshock) and irradiation with a Co60 source the electrical performance keeps at the same level. The structure featuring 14 integrated supercapacitors exhibits a specific capacitance of 1.12 F/g compared to a specific capacitance of 0.35 F/g of a structure using 16 commercial supercapacitors (FastCap EE350). These results demonstrate the great weight- and volume-saving potential of this approach.
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Zou, Zhongyue, Junyi Cao, Chengbin Ma, and Huarong Zhang. "A Measurement System for Electric Vehicle Powered by Supercapacitors." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47138.

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Due to the high power density of supercapacitors, it is adopted in electric vehicles to essentially guarantee to recover more regenerative energy. However, there is still not a valid set of measurement methods to gauge the energy absorbed from regeneration system, the measurement and evaluation system for regenerative energy require to be investigated in order to estimate the performance of electric vehicles. Based on the analysis of the regenerative braking energy system of a supercapacitor truck, a measurement and evaluation system for recycling energy in the braking process is established. Meanwhile, the experiments of supercapacitor vehicle under various braking condition are carried out. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed braking energy recycling measurement method.
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Petersen, Jan, Sebastian Geier, and Peter Wierach. "Integrated Thin Film Supercapacitor as Multifunctional Sensor System." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68171.

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Abstract Throughout the integration of thin-film supercapacitors into composite structures, it is not only possible to store electric energy, but also to use them as sensor systems for strain detection. This paper describes the integration of thin-film supercapacitors into a glass-fiber composite structure, as well as their analyzation under mechanical load. The results are showing that there is a strong link between the mechanical load and the impedance spectra of the supercapacitor, enabling it to act as strain sensors. To characterize the samples, a four-point bending experiment is used, which features a well-defined constant load scenario with two interesting load states, a tensile and compression state, all in one sample. On each side one structural supercapacitor is integrated, placed far away from the neutral axis near to the outside layer, to be under the highest strain possible. Additionally, the device is placed in between the middle load entry points. During the four-point bending experiment the load is kept constant to run an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to characterize the supercapacitor. This gives an inside view of what is happening in the supercapacitor. The experiments show a strong relation between the mechanical load and the electrochemical impedance measurements.
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Xu, Xinqiang, Bahgat G. Sammakia, Bruce T. Murray, DaeYoung Jung, and Thor Eilertsen. "Thermal Modeling and Heat Management of Supercapacitor Modules by High Velocity Impinging Fan Flow." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65676.

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Supercapacitors are a strong candidate for high-power applications such as electric/hybrid vehicles due to their high power densities and high efficiency. In these applications, supercapacitors are used in large stacks (modules) to provide the peak-power requirement. They are subject to heavy duty cycling conditions, which results in significant heat generation inside each cell. Under such conditions, natural convection air cooling is found to be an ineffective method for removing heat from the supercapacitor modules. Therefore, utilizing an appropriate forced convection cooling system becomes necessary for the lifetime and performance of supercapacitor modules. The objective of this paper is to study the cooling of supercapacitor modules under high velocity impinging fan flow. A three-dimensional computational model was developed using the commercial FEM software package COMSOL. The κ-ε two equation turbulence model is employed to account for turbulent transport. The supercapacitor module studied in this paper was composed of 18 cells, which were connected in series. The parameters studied include the Reynolds number of the impinging flow, the spacing between cells and the impingement distance. The results show how the forced convection cooling varies with the Reynolds number and that the Nusselt number increases with the Reynolds number. In addition, the variation of the temperature profile within the module with the spacing arrangement between cells was investigated.
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Delrue, Andre A. G., Peter van der Veen, and Jens Ekelaar. "The Application of Supercapacitors Based Energy Storage Systems on Heave Compensation Systems for Offshore Lifting Equipment." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49688.

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An Electrical Heave Compensation System will cause large power demand fluctuations with a period time e.g. of around 8 to 12 seconds. These large power fluctuations are not desirable for the stability of the ship’s electrical power grid. This paper proposes the application and control of a supercapacitor based ESS in a power electronic system with a common DC Bus to limit the effect of the power fluctuations on the ship’s electrical power grid. The regenerated power from the heave compensation movements is temporarily stored in supercapacitors and used again when power is demanded. This causes a more constant power flow from the ship’s electrical power grid, which will cope with the losses in the system. Two topologies are discussed, namely the direct connection of the supercapacitors to the common DC bus and the indirect connection of the supercapacitors to the common DC bus through a DCDC converter. The result of the modelling and experiments of both ESS topologies shows that the high power fluctuations caused by an electrical heave compensation system are significantly decreased.
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Geier, Sebastian, Jan Petersen, Marius Eilenberger, and Peter Wierach. "Robust and Powerful Structural Integrated Thin Film Supercapacitors for Lightweight Space Structures." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68349.

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Abstract Stored energy is the decisive factor for almost all missions in transportation systems. Additionally, the energy devices must be powerful, and lightweight at the same time for efficient performance of the overall transportation system. Due to the advancing electrification, there is a huge demand for devices to store electrical energy. Aside from batteries, which receive a great deal of scientific attention, supercapacitors are a very promising technology. This system features several advantages such as short charging time, high energy density and cycle stability. Especially the latter advantage enables a further lightweight approach by integrating supercapacitors as a thin film into composite structures. Due to their cycle stability, supercapacitors are the ideal energy device for integration into hardly accessible positions such as mechanically loadable structures. This publication deals with the strategy of structurally compliant integration of pouch supercapacitor cells (structural power composites). The aim is to operate a peak power application needed for space positioning. However, there are several properties which have to be optimized during the development of structural power composites to achieve the best possible electromechanical performance. Furthermore, there are effects which have a positive influence on the specific performance by scaling up from laboratory scale to a full-size demonstrator. In this case, integration of energy storage devices into structures offers a volume and weight reduction of up to 80% compared to a structure with commercial supercapacitors.
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Geier, Sebastian, Jan Petersen, and Peter Wierach. "Challenges of Upscaling Power Composites for Aerospace Applications." In ASME 2022 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2022-91201.

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Abstract Increasing electrification in the aerospace sector as well as the challenge of powering an entire aircraft electrically places demands for the supply and storage of electrical energy. Energy devices must therefore be powerful and lightweight at the same time for efficient performance of the overall transportation system. One possibility to improve the performance by reducing weight and volume is the combination of structural and energy storing functions. Due to its lay-up, a composite is particularly suitable for this challenge. Of course, batteries are one of the most important components, but when it comes to being integrated in composite structures, their potential is reduced drastically because of their limited lifetime. In contrast, supercapacitors are a very promising technology. Their system features several advantages such as power density and cycle stability. Due to their cycle stability, supercapacitors are the ideal energy device for integration into areas that are difficult to access, such as the lay-up of composite structures. This publication deals with the strategy of structure-compliant integration of pouch supercapacitor cells. The aim is to operate different peak power applications needed for space missions. The material combination has to be optimized to achieve the best possible electromechanical performance. During the development, sets of structural supercapacitors with different scales are built to check their specific capacity. Often the specific properties drop by scaling up, but during this development the specific capacity of 0.24F/cm2 was even kept for the full-size demonstrator. Furthermore, this approach allows the reduction of volume and weight by 70–80% compared to a structure using commercial supercapacitors.
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Mehta, Siddhi, Swarn Jha, Weston Stewart, and Hong Liang. "Microwave Synthesis of Plant-Based Supercapacitor Electrodes for Flexible Electronics." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70062.

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Abstract Renewable energy and environmental preservation are two grand challenges in our society today. To address these two challenges, there is an increasing demand for energy storage devices made of green and biodegradable materials. State-of-the-art plant-based electrodes have problems of poor electrochemical performance, low reliability, and high manufacturing cost that pose major limitations in their use in flexible supercapacitors. In this research, a novel microwave irradiation synthesis is used to produce a high-performing electro-active lignin-based biomaterial. MnO2 particles are deposited on these lignin-based materials to impart pseudo-capacitance property. These electro-active materials were coated on an Al substrate and used as an anode with an AC-based cathode. A quasi-solid-state supercapacitor was assembled using a polymer-based gel electrolyte of PVA/H3PO4. SEM was performed to study morphology, porosity, and polydispersity of the lignin-based matrix. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to study the polarization resistance of the system. The cyclic charge-discharge (CCD) was performed to observe cyclic performance. The assembled supercapacitor exhibited a specific capacitance of 26 mF/g after 500 cycles with capacitance retention of ∼87% at 0.1 A/g. This work provides new insights into the synthesis of low-cost and scalable plant-based flexible supercapacitors.
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Reports on the topic "Supercapacitors"

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Reynolds, John R., and Anna M. Osterholm. Optimized Electroactive Polymer Supercapacitors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614206.

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MacDonald, Digby D., and Subhash C. Narang. Development of Electro Supercapacitors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252208.

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Anton, Christopher M., and Matthew H. Ervin. Carbon Nanotube Based Flexible Supercapacitors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada543112.

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Lin, Terri C. Poly(amido amine) Dendrimers in Supercapacitors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1091321.

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Edwards, Stephanie L. The Use of Dendrimers in Supercapacitors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068956.

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Prokopuk, Nicholas. All Organic Supercapacitors as Alternatives to Lithium Batteries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603487.

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Prokopuk, Nicholas. All-Organic Supercapacitors as Alternatives to Lithium Batteries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480553.

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Prokopuk, Nicholas. High-Voltage Polymers for High-Power Supercapacitors. Version 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480216.

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Ervin, Matthew H. Carbon Nanotube and Graphene-Based Supercapacitors: Rationale, Status, and Prospects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada528738.

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Ritter, James A. Supercapacitors and Batteries from Sol-Gel Derived Carbon - Metal Oxide Electrodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392659.

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