Relevant bibliographies by topics / Supercell

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Supercell'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Supercell"

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Houston, Adam L., Richard L. Thompson, and Roger Edwards. "The Optimal Bulk Wind Differential Depth and the Utility of the Upper-Tropospheric Storm-Relative Flow for Forecasting Supercells." Weather and Forecasting 23, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2007007.1.

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Abstract An analysis of 4 yr of Rapid Update Cycle-2 (RUC-2) derived soundings in proximity to radar-observed supercells and nonsupercells is conducted in an effort to answer two questions: 1) over what depth is the fixed-layer bulk wind differential (BWD; the vector difference between the wind velocity at a given level and the wind velocity at the surface) the best discriminator between supercell and nonsupercell environments and 2) does the upper-tropospheric storm-relative flow (UTSRF) discriminate between the environments of supercells and nonsupercells? Previous climatologies of sounding-based supercell forecast parameters have documented the ability of the 0–6-km BWD in delineating supercell from nonsupercell environments. However, a systematic examination of a wide range of layers has never been documented. The UTSRF has previously been tested as a parameter for discriminating between supercell and nonsupercell environments and there is some evidence that supercells may be sensitive to the UTSRF. However, this sensitivity may be a consequence of the correlation between UTSRF and the surface to midtropospheric BWD. Accurately assessing the ability of the UTSRF to distinguish between supercell and nonsupercell environments requires controlling for the surface to midtropospheric BWD. It is shown that the bulk wind differential within the 0–5-km layer delineates best between supercell and nonsupercell environments. Analysis of the UTSRF demonstrates that even when not controlling for the BWD, the UTSRF has limited reliability in forecasting supercells. The lack of merit in using the UTSRF to forecast supercells is particularly evident when it is isolated from the BWD. Because the UTSRF and BWD are not independent, controlling for the BWD when examining the UTSRF reveals that the UTSRF is not a fundamental parameter that can be used to distinguish supercell from nonsupercell environments. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the UTSRF is an unreliable metric for forecasting supercell events.
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Bunkers, Matthew J., Jeffrey S. Johnson, Lee J. Czepyha, Jason M. Grzywacz, Brian A. Klimowski, and Mark R. Hjelmfelt. "An Observational Examination of Long-Lived Supercells. Part II: Environmental Conditions and Forecasting." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 689–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf952.1.

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Abstract The local and larger-scale environments of 184 long-lived supercell events (containing one or more supercells with lifetimes ≥4 h; see Part I of this paper) are investigated and subsequently compared with those from 137 moderate-lived events (average supercell lifetime 2–4 h) and 119 short-lived events (average supercell lifetime ≤2 h) to better anticipate supercell longevity in the operational setting. Consistent with many previous studies, long-lived supercells occur in environments with much stronger 0–8-km bulk wind shear than what is observed for short-lived supercells; this strong shear leads to significant storm-relative winds in the mid- to upper levels for the longest-lived supercells. Additionally, the bulk Richardson number falls into a relatively narrow range for the longest-lived supercells—ranging mostly from 5 to 45. The mesoscale to synoptic-scale environment can also predispose a supercell to be long or short lived, somewhat independent of the local environment. For example, long-lived supercells may occur when supercells travel within a broad warm sector or else in close proximity to mesoscale or larger-scale boundaries (e.g., along or near a warm front, an old outflow boundary, or a moisture/buoyancy axis), even if the deep-layer shear is suboptimal. By way of contrast, strong atmospheric forcing can result in linear convection (and thus shorter-lived supercells) in a strongly sheared environment that would otherwise favor discrete, long-lived supercells.
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Bunkers, Matthew J., Mark R. Hjelmfelt, and Paul L. Smith. "An Observational Examination of Long-Lived Supercells. Part I: Characteristics, Evolution, and Demise." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf949.1.

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Abstract Observations of supercells and their longevity across the central and eastern United States are examined, with the primary focus on understanding the properties of long-lived supercells (defined as supercells lasting ≥4 h). A total of 224 long-lived supercells, occurring in 184 separate events, are investigated. These properties are compared with those of short-lived supercells (lifetimes ≤2 h) to determine the salient differences between the two classifications. A key finding is that long-lived supercells are considerably more isolated and discrete than short-lived supercells; as a result, the demise of a long-lived supercell (i.e., the end of the supercell phase) is often signaled by a weakening of the storm’s circulation and/or a rapid dissipation of the thunderstorm. In contrast, short-lived supercells commonly experience a demise linked to storm mergers and convective transitions (e.g., evolution to a bow echo). Also noteworthy, 36% of the long-lived supercell events were associated with strong or violent tornadoes (F2–F5), compared with only 8% for the short-lived supercell events. Evolutionary characteristics of long-lived supercells vary geographically across the United States, with the largest contrasts between the north-central United States and the Southeast. For example, 86% of the long-lived supercells across the north-central United States were isolated for most of their lifetime, whereas only 35% of those in the Southeast displayed this characteristic. Not surprisingly, the convective mode was discrete for 70% of the long-lived supercell events across the north-central United States, compared with 39% for the Southeast.
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MacIntosh, Christopher W., and Matthew D. Parker. "The 6 May 2010 Elevated Supercell during VORTEX2." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 7 (July 2017): 2635–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0329.1.

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An elevated supercell from the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) on 6 May 2010 is investigated. Observations show that the supercell formed over a stable inversion and was likely decoupled from the surface. Quintessential features of a supercell were present, including a hook echo (albeit bent anticyclonically) and midlevel mesocyclone, and the storm was quasi steady during the observing period. A weak surface cold pool formed, but it was apparently devoid of air originating from midlevels. Idealized modeling using near-storm soundings is employed to clarify the structure and maintenance of this supercell. The simulated storm is decoupled from the surface by the stable layer. Additionally, the reflectivity structure of the simulated supercell is strikingly similar to the observed storm, including its peculiar anticyclonic-curving hook echo. Air parcels above 1 km reached their LFCs as a result of the simulated supercell’s own dynamic lifting, which likely maintained the main updraft throughout its life. In contrast, low-level air in the simulation followed an “up–down” trajectory, being lifted dynamically within the stable layer before becoming strongly negatively buoyant and descending back to the surface. Up–down parcels originating in the lowest 100 m are shown to be a potential driver of severe surface winds. The complementary observations and simulations highlight a range of processes that may act in concert to maintain supercells in environments lacking surface-based CAPE.
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Klees, Alicia M., Yvette P. Richardson, Paul M. Markowski, Christopher Weiss, Joshua M. Wurman, and Karen K. Kosiba. "Comparison of the Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells Intercepted by VORTEX2 on 10 June 2010." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 9 (September 2016): 3201–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0345.1.

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On 10 June 2010, the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) armada collected a rare set of observations of a nontornadic and a tornadic supercell evolving in close proximity to each other. The storms and their environments were analyzed using single- and dual-Doppler radar, mobile mesonet, deployable surface mesonet, and mobile sounding data, with the goal of understanding why one supercell produced no tornadoes while the other produced at least two. Outflow temperature deficits were similar for the two storms, both within the normal range for weakly tornadic supercells but somewhat cold relative to significantly tornadic supercells. The storms formed in a complex environment, with slightly higher storm-relative helicity near the tornadic supercell. The environment evolved significantly in time, with large thermodynamic changes and increases in storm-relative helicity, leading to conditions much more favorable for tornadogenesis. After a few hours, a new storm developed between the supercells, likely leading to the demise of the nontornadic supercell before it was able to experience the enhanced environmental conditions. Two tornadoes developed within the single mesocyclone of the other supercell. After the dissipation of the second tornado, rapid rearward motion of low- to midlevel circulations may have inhibited further tornado production in this storm.
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Van Den Broeke, Matthew S. "A Preliminary Polarimetric Radar Comparison of Pretornadic and Nontornadic Supercell Storms." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 1567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0296.1.

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Abstract Supercell thunderstorms produce a variety of hazards, including tornadoes. A supercell will often exist for some time prior to producing a tornado, while other supercells never become tornadic. In this study, a series of hypotheses is tested regarding the ability of S-band polarimetric radar fields to distinguish pretornadic from nontornadic supercell storms. Several quantified polarimetric radar metrics are examined that are related to storm inflow, updraft, and hailfall characteristics in samples of 19–30 pretornadic and 18–31 nontornadic supercells. The results indicate that pretornadic supercells are characterized by smaller hail extent and echo appendages with larger mean drop size. Additionally, differential reflectivity ZDR column size is larger and less variable in the pretornadic storms in the 25–30 min prior to initial tornadogenesis. Many of the results indicate relatively small polarimetric differences that will likely be difficult to translate to operational use. Hail extent and ZDR column size, however, may exhibit operationally useful differences between pretornadic and nontornadic supercells.
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Stough, Sarah M., Lawrence D. Carey, Christopher J. Schultz, and Phillip M. Bitzer. "Investigating the Relationship between Lightning and Mesocyclonic Rotation in Supercell Thunderstorms." Weather and Forecasting 32, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 2237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-17-0025.1.

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Abstract Relationships between lightning and lightning jumps and physical updraft properties are frequently observed and generally understood. However, a more intensive characterization of how lightning relates to traditional radar-based metrics of storm intensity may provide further operational utility. This study addresses the supercell storm mode because of the intrinsic relationship between a supercell’s characteristic rotating updraft–downdraft couplet, or mesocyclone, and its prolific ability to produce severe weather. Lightning and radar measurements of a diverse sample of 19 supercell thunderstorms were used to assess the conceptual model that lightning and the mesocyclone may be linked by the updraft’s role in the formation and enhancement of each. Analysis of early stages of supercell development showed that the initial lightning jump occurred prior to the time of mesocyclogenesis inferred from three methods by median values of 5–10 min. Comparison between lightning jumps and subsequent increases in mesocyclonic rotation indicated that lightning can also be used to infer or confirm imminent strengthening or reintensification of the mesocyclone. Stronger relationships emerged in supercells that exhibited more robust updrafts, in which 85% of lightning jumps were associated with at least one increase in rotation and 77% of observed increases in rotation were temporally associated with a lightning jump. Preliminary results from analysis of the relationship between lightning jumps and intensification of the low-level mesocyclone in tornadic supercells also offer motivation for the future analysis of lightning data with respect to downdraft-related processes.
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Thompson, Richard L., Bryan T. Smith, Jeremy S. Grams, Andrew R. Dean, and Chris Broyles. "Convective Modes for Significant Severe Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part II: Supercell and QLCS Tornado Environments." Weather and Forecasting 27, no. 5 (April 23, 2012): 1136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00116.1.

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Abstract A sample of 22 901 tornado and significant severe thunderstorm events, filtered on an hourly 40-km grid, was collected for the period 2003–11 across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Convective mode was assigned to each case via manual examination of full volumetric radar data (Part I of this study), and environmental information accompanied each grid-hour event from the hourly objective analyses calculated and archived at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC). Sounding-derived parameters related to supercells and tornadoes formed the basis of this investigation owing to the dominance of right-moving supercells in tornado production and the availability of supercell-related convective parameters in the SPC environmental archive. The tornado and significant severe thunderstorm events were stratified by convective mode and season. Measures of buoyancy discriminated most strongly between supercell and quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) tornado events during the winter, while bulk wind differences and storm-relative helicity were similar for both supercell and QLCS tornado environments within in each season. The larger values of the effective-layer supercell composite parameter (SCP) and the effective-layer significant tornado parameter (STP) favored right-moving supercells that produced significant tornadoes, as opposed to weak tornadoes or supercells that produced only significant hail or damaging winds. Additionally, mesocyclone strength tended to increase with increasing SCP for supercells, and STP tended to increase as tornado damage class ratings increased. The findings underscore the importance of convective mode (discrete or cluster supercells), mesocyclone strength, and near-storm environment (as represented by large values of STP) in consistent, real-time identification of intense tornadoes.
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Peters, John M., Christopher J. Nowotarski, and Gretchen L. Mullendore. "Are Supercells Resistant to Entrainment because of Their Rotation?" Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0316.1.

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Abstract This research investigates a hypothesis posed by previous authors, which argues that the helical nature of the flow in supercell updrafts makes them more resistant to entrainment than nonsupercellular updrafts because of the suppressed turbulence in purely helical flows. It was further supposed that this entrainment resistance contributes to the steadiness and longevity of supercell updrafts. A series of idealized large-eddy simulations were run to address this idea, wherein the deep-layer shear and hodograph shape were varied, resulting in supercells in the strongly sheared runs, nonsupercells in the weakly sheared runs, and variations in the percentage of streamwise vorticity in updrafts among runs. Fourier energy spectrum analyses show well-developed inertial subranges in all simulations, which suggests that the percentages of streamwise and crosswise vorticity have little effect on turbulence in convective environments. Additional analyses find little evidence of updraft-scale centrifugally stable flow within updrafts, which has also been hypothesized to limit horizontal mass flux across supercell updrafts. Results suggest that supercells do have smaller fractional entrainment rates than nonsupercells, but these differences are consistent with theoretical dependencies of entrainment on updraft width, and with supercells being wider than nonsupercells. Thus, while supercells do experience reduced fractional entrainment rates and entrainment-driven dilution, this advantage is primarily attributable to increased supercell updraft width relative to ordinary convection, and has little to do with updraft helicity and rotation.
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Rasmussen, Erik N., Jerry M. Straka, Matthew S. Gilmore, and Robert Davies-Jones. "A Preliminary Survey of Rear-Flank Descending Reflectivity Cores in Supercell Storms." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 923–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf962.1.

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Abstract This paper develops a definition of a supercell reflectivity feature called the descending reflectivity core (DRC). This is a reflectivity maximum pendant from the rear side of an echo overhang above a supercell weak-echo region. Examples of supercells with and without DRCs are presented from two days during the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX), as well as one day with tornadic high-precipitation supercell storms in central Kansas. It was found that in all cases, tornado formation was preceded by the descent of a DRC. However, the sample reported herein is much too small to allow conclusions regarding the overall frequency of DRC occurrence in supercells, or the frequency with which DRCs precede tornado formation. Although further research needs to be done to establish climatological frequencies, the apparent relationship observed between DRCs and impending tornado formation in several supercells is important enough to warrant publication of preliminary findings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supercell"

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Rae, Kevin Julian. "A modified Supercell Composite Parameter for supercell thunderstorms over the Gauteng Province, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45918.

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South Africa is a country prone to frequent outbreaks of thunderstorms which are often of a severe nature. Supercell thunderstorms are a particular class of thunderstorm which are typically long-lived and are associated with severe thunderstorm phenomena in as many as 9 out of 10 instances. In particular, the southern African moist Highveld climatological region is known to experience one of the highest rates of occurrences of thunderstorms and lightning within southern Africa and indeed the world. The domain for this Highveld-based study chiefly encompassed the industrialised metropolis of the Gauteng province. The population and infrastructure of this province are vulnerable to a variety of adverse effects relating to severe thunderstorms, comprising one or more of strong damaging winds, large hail, urban flooding or even tornadoes of varying intensity. In this study a sample of 15 supercell (SUP) proximity soundings of upper air data for Irene, Gauteng was compared against a large, independant sample of 510 Irene proximity soundings for austral summers during the period 2007 to 2011, representing non-supercell (NON-SUP) thunderstorm days. Hypothesis testing as well as box and whisker representations of the SUP versus NON-SUP samples were applied to various thunderstorm parameters to determine which SUP parameters exhibit the greatest statistical departure from their NON-SUP counterparts. Selected quartiles of SUP parameters so identified were further utilised to formulate a Modified Supercell Composite Parameter (MSCP) tuned to Gauteng supercells. MSCP as well as formulations of the Supercell Composite Parameter (SCP) were subsequently applied to five case-study events where some of the events were associated with observed supercells and some not. The results strongly indicated that, in a short-term forecast context, MSCP has useful discriminatory ability to provide quantitative predictive guidance as to the relative likelihood of the development of supercell thunderstorms in the Gauteng area. Prior to this research, neither the SCP nor the MSCP were in operational use in South Africa. To the best of the author’s knowledge this work is the first of its kind in southern Africa, especially with consideration to the unique high-altitude Highveld domain of the Gauteng province. In the light of the research results presented herein, it is proposed that MSCP be jointly implemented on point-based (upper air sounding analysis) platforms as well as that of gridpoint-based (deterministic NWP) platforms for short-term predictions of supercell-type thunderstorm conditions in Gauteng province.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
MSc
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Santos, Jorge Ruben. "Numerical study of a tornado-like vortex in a supercell storm." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115876.

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Recent observations and numerical simulations have significantly improved our understanding of tornadic storms. However, our knowledge of tornado-genesis remains rudimentary. Necessary atmospheric conditions favoring the formation of tornadoes in supercell storms are known, but sufficient conditions remain elusive. The underlying reason is that the processes involved in environment-storm and storm-tornado interactions are not fully understood, as numerical models in the past lacked sufficient resolution to resolve these interactions satisfactorily. In this thesis, an attempt is made to fill this gap by performing a multi-grid high resolution simulation of a supercell storm spawning a tornado-like vortex. Four grids, with grid sizes of 600 m, 200 m, 70 m, and 30 m, are used to allow explicit simulation of storm-tornado interactions. Diagnostic analysis of the modeling results allows an investigation of the origin of rotation at both the storm scale and the tornado scale.
The simulation results showed that the origin of vertical rotation at storm scale during the early stage of storm development is due to tilting of the horizontal vorticity in the environment. This so called mesocyclone then further strengthens by the mechanism of stretching and Dynamic Pipe Effect and descends downwards. During the time of mesocyclone intensification, incipient surface vertical vortices form along the outflow boundary created by the rear flank downdraft due to the process of horizontal shear instability.
One of the surface vortices experiences an initial exponential growth in its vorticity by interacting with the descending mesocyclone and merging with multiple smaller satellite vortices. The tornado-like vortex (TLV) which forms has a maximum horizontal wind of 103 m s-1 and a minimum central pressure of 927 hPa. Vorticity budgets of the mesocyclone and the TLV are computed to assess quantitatively the importance of various processes for rotation.
Sensitivity experiments were also performed to determine the effect of varying the environmental conditions on the mesocyclone and surface vorticity. It was found that as the low-level vertical shear of the environmental wind increases, the mesocyclone intensifies and favors the intensification of near surface vorticity. The presence of drier layers in the upper and middle troposphere eventually produces a weaker mesocyclone and weaker outflow boundaries. On the other hand, inclusion of the ice phase processes produces a stronger mesocyclone and more intense outflow boundaries to enhance the intensification of near surface vorticity.
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Thornhill, Kenneth L. II. "An investigation of the environment surrounding supercell thunderstorms using wind profiler data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26958.

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Hasa and Petrit J. "Nowcasting Hail Size for Non-Supercell Thunderstorms in the Northeastern U. S." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6805.

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Hail size prediction is a difficult task for meteorologists. The most recent method used by the United States Air Force after thunderstorm initiation involves identifying the amount of storm-top divergence and correlating that value to the height of the freezing level. However, this method was based on a study that looked at both supercell and multicell thunderstorms alike. This paper attempts to build off this previous study, although solely looking at non-supercell thunderstorms based on the hypothesis that due to dynamic differences between the storm types, common indicators found in both are not indicative that hail of similar size will be produced.
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Dahdah, Jean. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de cavités photoniques en niobate de lithium : appliquation à la détection de gaz." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2045.

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Les travaux de thèses reposent sur l'étude et le développement des structurez photoniques sur niobate de lithium pour des applications capteurs de gaz. L'originalité du travail est d'étudier l'effet de l'absorption des couches de porphyrines spécifiques à la détection du benzène et déposées sur le cristal photonique sur la réponse spectrale de ce dernier. En premier lieu, une étude théorique par des méthodes numériques, maîtrisées a laboratoire d'optique (FDTD, PWE), étaient nécessaires pour étudier l'effet de la présence de certains gaz sur la réponse spectrale des cristaux photoniques. Nous avons montré qu'avec la structure choisie, une variation de la transmission de de 23 % est obtenue lorsque le système est exposé à 50ppm de benzène. La sensibilité de la structure au benzène est estimée à 2,3ppm. En second lieu, nous avons étudié des réalisations en salle blanche des structures photoniques. En utilisant la méthode de gravure directe par faisceau d'ions focalisé (FIB), on a réalisé plusieurs cavités photoniques sur des guides d'ondes optiques fabriqués en collaboration avec Photoline Technologies. Un banc de caractérisation automatisé (interface GPI) en réflexion et en transmission est monté pour vérifier les prédictions théoriques. En plus, les études théoriques et expérimentales en champ proche optique ont été réalisées pour mettre en évidence la résonance des cavités gravées sur niobate de lithium. Ainsi ces études expérimentales sont les premières sur ce type de matériaux
In this thesis we show photonic crystal cavities can be exploited for sensing application, provided that theyare filled with a sensitive absorbent layer. A Lorentz dispersion model implementedin a 2D-FDTD code shoxw that the abbsorption of the layer can be exploited for enhancing the sensitivity of the sensor. We found that a variation of the refractive index of 10-7 leads to a variation of the transmittivity of 23% at the resonnance peak. Also, we will report the first study and realization of two types of tithium niobate photonic cavities (LiNbO3 PhCs). The choice of the LiNbO3 substrate is motived by its capability of combiningpiezoelectric, electro-optical, acousto-optical, non-linear optical properties, which offers the perspective of controlling the operating point of of photonic devices such as sensors. The cavities wre fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, on annealed proton exchange (APE) sttrip waveguide. Numerical analysis with plane wave expansion method (PWE) has been realized to define the lattice parameters of the studied structures. This study was followed by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations to extractthe transmission and reflexion spectra of the cavities. Experimental setup was mounted to characterize the PhCs cavities, wherethe incident light consists of a supercontiuum powerful white source. In addition, experimental near field measurements (SNOM) show the presence of resonnance mode at the defect region of the cavity
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Davenport, Robert T. "Potential vorticity analysis of low level thunderstorm dynamics in an idealized supercell simulation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Mar/09Mar%5FDavenport.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Nuss, Wendell A. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Potential Vorticity, Severe Weather, Supercell, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Advanced WRF. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-47). Also available in print.
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Weygandt, Stephen Scott. "The retreival of initial forecast fields from single Doppler observations of a supercell thunderstorm /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1998.

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Maharjan, Nikesh. "Electronic band engineering of Transition metal dichalcogenides: First Principles Calculation." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1661.

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Based on first principles Density Functional Theory calculations, we have investigated for possible paths for engineering electronic band structure of Transition Metal Dichalco- genides (TMDs). We have considered two approaches which have shown to be promising for engineering electronic bands of TMDs: substitutional chemical doping and heterostruc- turing. All the calculations are done using first principles Density Functional Theory as it is implemented in Quantum Espresso package. Two possible substitutional doping meth- ods for MoS2 are considered in our calculations; cation doping where Mo is substituted by metal atoms and anion doping where Nitrogen and halogen group atoms take the posi- tion of S-sites. We observe the n-type characteristics for halogen group doping and p-type characteristics for Nitrogen group doping at S site. Similarly, we observe these bipolar characteristics when substituted by the transition metal elements (4d elements in the peri- odic table) at Mo site. Our results on doping monolayer MoS2 are in agreement with those results obtained by Dolui et al. for similar systems. Our work is extended to explore the effect of substitutional doping in bilayer MoS2. We observe the promising bipolar char- acteristics on doping while the magnitude of the band gap decreases upon the controlled S-site doping with F and As. In the second part, we considered two types of heterostructuring; Van der Waals heterostructures, and lateral heterostructures. In Van der Waals heterostructures, a direct band gap is observed with a physical separation of charges into two layers from orbital isosurface plots. We present a brief overview of the folding of energy bands in supercell approach. Using heterogeneous supercell approach, we studied the electronic properties of a mixed system of MoS2 -WS2 . The separation of the charges into the two sections shows that our MoS2 -WS2 in-plane heterostructure shows a potential for a pn junction. These systematic studies of the doped and heterostructures of TMDs can be useful for device applications.
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White, Trevor Stewart. "Dual-Doppler Derived Vorticity as a Predictor of Hail Size in Severe Thunderstorms." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74927.

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One of the primary missions of the National Weather Service (NWS) is to use a network of more than 150 NEXRAD radar installations to monitor weather for threats to life and property. Large hail produced by severe thunderstorms is a major focus of this mission. An algorithm known as the Maximum Estimated Size of Hail (MESH) algorithm is in operational use to diagnose the presence and size of hail. This study aims to use dual-Doppler observations as well as the MESH algorithm to test the idea that storms that rotate produce larger hail. Previous studies have used polarimetric radar products to detect the presence of large hail and dual-Doppler methods have been used to study embryonic hail, but no research has tested the theory of hail and rotating storms with observational evidence. A set of 59 case studies was gathered; each included a hail report submitted by a trained weather spotter or NWS employee and complete radar observations through the depth of a storm from two radars. The radar observations were resampled to a three-dimensional Cartesian grid and a dual-Doppler analysis was run on each case study. A strong correlation (stronger even than the MESH algorithm) was found between measured vorticity and hail size, lending credence to the idea that rotating storms do indeed have a higher ceiling for hail production. However, no correlation was found between MESH error and rotation. Further research will be required to evaluate whether or not this relationship can be used to augment the MESH algorithm so as to improve its skill.
Master of Science
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Prociv, Kathryn A. "Terrain and Landcover Effects of the Southern Appalachian Mountains on the Low-Level Rotational Wind Fields of Supercell Thunderstorms." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32463.

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That tornadoes cannot occur in mountains due to disruptive influences of the complex terrain is a common misperception. Multiple tornadoes occur each year in mountainous environments, including the Appalachian Mountains. Copious research examines the influences of complex terrain on large severe weather systems such as multicell convective systems and squall lines, but research is lacking investigating this same relationship for smaller-scale severe weather phenomena like supercells and tornadoes. This study examines how complex terrain may have influenced the rotational low-level wind fields of fourteen supercell thunderstorms in the Appalachians. The terrain variables include elevation, land cover, slope, and aspect. Using GIS mapping techniques, the individual storm tracks were overlaid onto elevation, land cover, slope, and aspect layers; points along the storm tracks were measured to correlate storm intensities with the underlying terrain. Hypotheses predict that lower elevations, areas of shallower slopes, agricultural land covers, and terrain features with a southeasterly orientation represent terrain variables that would enhance low-level rotation in the lower levels. Results indicate that elevation has a significant impact on storm rotational intensity, especially in mountainous regions. Lower and flatter elevations augment storm rotational intensity, and higher elevations decrease storm rotational intensity. Additionally, northern and western facing slopes exhibited a negative relationship to storm intensity. A qualitative examination revealed vorticity stretching to be evident in eight of the fourteen storms; with vorticity stretching evident on both southeasterly and northwesterly slopes. Future research on appropriate scale for storm-terrain interactions could reveal even stronger relationships between topography and supercell thunderstorms.
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Books on the topic "Supercell"

1

Costen, Robert C. Inertial oscillation of a vertical rotating draft with application to a supercell storm. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1992.

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Perry, Tony. SuperCalc 4. Huddersfield: School of Computing and Mathematics. The University of Huddersfield, 1991.

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Swift, Janet. SuperCalc professional. 2nd ed. Leyburn, N. Yorks: I/O Press, 1991.

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Taylor, Graham. SuperCalc 5. London: Pitman, 1991.

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Taylor, Graham. SuperCalc 5.5. London: Pitman, 1993.

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SuperCalc professional. Richmond: 1/0 Press, 1989.

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Held, Gilbert. SuperCalc³ models. Cleveland, Ohio: Weber Systems, 1985.

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Головач, В. И. Supercalc 5. Москва: Малип, 1992.

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McMullan, R. SuperCalc prompt: SuperCalc 3 made fast and simple. 2nd ed. London: BSP Professional, 1988.

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Yancey, Jerry. Illustrated SuperCalc 5. Plano, Tex: Wordware Pub., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Supercell"

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Clark, Matt, and David Smart. "Supercell and Non-supercell Tornadoes in the United Kingdom and Ireland." In Extreme Weather, 31–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118949986.ch3.

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Rotunno, Richard. "Supercell thunderstorm modeling and theory." In Geophysical Monograph Series, 57–73. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm079p0057.

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Nieminen, Risto M. "Supercell Methods for Defect Calculations." In Topics in Applied Physics, 29–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11690320_3.

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Wicker, Louis J., and Robert B. Wilhelmson. "Numerical simulation of tornadogenesis within a supercell thunderstorm." In Geophysical Monograph Series, 75–88. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm079p0075.

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Li, Sichi, and William F. Schneider. "Supercell Models of Brønsted and Lewis Sites in Zeolites." In Handbook of Materials Modeling, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50257-1_4-1.

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Li, Sichi, and William F. Schneider. "Supercell Models of Brønsted and Lewis Sites in Zeolites." In Handbook of Materials Modeling, 1355–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44680-6_4.

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Christodoulou, M., and M. Sioutas. "Radar Climatology of Supercell Thunderstorms in Northern and Central Greece." In Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences, 247–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35095-0_35.

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Imy, David A., and Kevin J. Pence. "An examination of a supercell in Mississippi using a tilt sequence." In Geophysical Monograph Series, 257–64. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm079p0257.

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He, Jun, Mike W. Finnis, Elizabeth C. Dickey, and Susan B. Sinnott. "Charged Defect Formation Energies in TiO2 Using the Supercell Approximation." In Advances in Science and Technology, 1–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-01-x.1.

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Bluestein, Howard B. "Supercells." In Severe Convective Storms and Tornadoes, 165–264. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05381-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Supercell"

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De la Torre Pari, S. A., F. F. H. Aragón, L. Villegas-Lelovsky, and D. G. Pacheco Salazar. "A DFT study of structural and electronic properties of anatase TiO2 phase with Ni and oxygen vacancies impurities." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020136.

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In the present work, first-principle theory using the functional density theory (DFT) was used in the ABINIT software package using the PBE pseudopotential (norm-conserving pseudopotentials). To determine the structural parameters such as lattice constant, Bulk modules, and energy formation, for the TiO2 anatase phase doped with substitutional and interstitial nickel impurity, oxygen vacancies (VO) are also included in the present work. For this study, the 2x1x1 supercells with 24 atoms and 2x2x1 with 48 atoms were used. Different types of Ni dopants and oxygen vacancies were considered for energy formation using the 2x2x1 supercell. Our results show that the values of network parameters, minimum energy, and Bulk modulus remain constant with the supercell's growth. With the inclusion of Ni in the supercell substituting the Ti-ions, the unit cell volume (V) exhibits a decrease in agreement with ionic radii mismatch between Ti and Ni atoms. However, when entry as an interstitial form a significant increase is shown. The preliminary results of the energy of formation analyzed for the Ni defects show that it is more probable for an interstitial Ni than for a substitutional Ni.
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De la Torre Pari, S. A., F. F. H. Aragón, L. Villegas-Lelovsky, and D. G. Pacheco Salazar. "A DFT study of structural and electronic properties of anatase TiO2 phase with Ni and oxygen vacancies impurities." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020106.

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In the present work, first-principle theory using the functional density theory (DFT) was used in the ABINIT software package using the PBE pseudopotential (norm-conserving pseudopotentials). To determine the structural parameters such as lattice constant, Bulk modules, and energy formation, for the TiO2 anatase phase doped with substitutional and interstitial nickel impurity, oxygen vacancies (VO) are also included in the present work. For this study, the 2x1x1 supercells with 24 atoms and 2x2x1 with 48 atoms were used. Different types of Ni dopants and oxygen vacancies were considered for energy formation using the 2x2x1 supercell. Our results show that the values of network parameters, minimum energy, and Bulk modulus remain constant with the supercell's growth. With the inclusion of Ni in the supercell substituting the Ti-ions, the unit cell volume (V) exhibits a decrease in agreement with ionic radii mismatch between Ti and Ni atoms. However, when entry as an interstitial form a significant increase is shown. The preliminary results of the energy of formation analyzed for the Ni defects show that it is more probable for an interstitial Ni than for a substitutional Ni.
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Nowoczynski, Paul, Jason Sommerfield, Jared Yanovich, J. Ray Scott, Zhihui Zhang, and Michael Levine. "The data supercell." In the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2335755.2335805.

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Rezende-Martins, E., and TF Krauss. "Supercell Gratings for Light Trapping." In Laser Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ls.2012.lw5h.3.

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Cerjan, Alexander, and Shanhui Fan. "Complete photonic bandgaps in supercell photonic crystals." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2018.sth3a.7.

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Proctor, Fred, Nashat Ahmad, and Fanny Limon Duparcmeur. "Numerical Simulation of a Tornado Generating Supercell." In 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-557.

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Cordan, Ernest, and Michael Eby. "An EEPROM Supercell for Custom Standard Cell IC's." In SAE Future Transportation Technology Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/871544.

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Argrow, Brian, Eric Frew, Adam Houston, Jack Elston, Maciej Stachura, Jason Roadman, and Jamie Lahowetz. "The Tempest UAS: The VORTEX2 Supercell Thunderstorm Penetrator." In Infotech@Aerospace 2011. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1524.

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Min, Jinzhong, Youcun Qi, Ningzhu Du, and Fanyou Kong. "Initial error growth in a simulated supercell storm." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Mitchell D. Goldberg, Hal J. Bloom, Philip E. Ardanuy, and Allen H. Huang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.794154.

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Uehara, Keitaro, Yu Xiang, Yih-Farn Robin Chen, Matti Hiltunen, Kaustubh Joshi, and Richard Schlichting. "SuperCell: Adaptive Software-Defined Storage for Cloud Storage Workloads." In 2018 18th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGRID). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid.2018.00025.

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Reports on the topic "Supercell"

1

Kersh, Steve. May 7, 2020 - Explosive Supercell Thunderstorm In The SE TX Panhandle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1777913.

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Sun, Yipeng. FODO-Supercell Based Compact Ring Design with Tunable Momentum Compaction and Optimized Dynamic Aperture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043874.

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Sun, Yipeng. FODO-Supercell Based Compact Ring Design with Tunable Momentum Compaction and Optimized Dynamic Aperture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029139.

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Matsuoka, Shin. Questions on the Simultaneous In-Cylinder Reduction of NOx, PM, Fuel, HC in ICE and a Proposal of Discussion on Multiple Phenomenon of Fumigation and Radicalization~CVCC, GDI, OSKA, MK, SuperCl. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0653.

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