Journal articles: 'Superconducting levitation'

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Zhang, Jun. "Simulation of the Electro-Superconducting System Based on the H Equation." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (July 2, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6831771.

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In order to reduce the levitation energy consumption and increase the levitation air gap, a simulation study of the electrochemistry superconducting magnetic levitation system based on the H equation is proposed. Through finite element simulation, the magnetic field distribution, current distribution, force, and other characteristics of the magnetic suspension system in the superconducting gravimeter are obtained; the relationship between the force of the superconducting ball in the magnetic field and the height of the suspension body and the current of the suspension coil is analyzed; and the penetration rate, the magnetic gradient, penetration depth, and maximum magnetic induction intensity of the superconducting spherical surface of the single-coil electrochemistry superconducting magnetic levitation system are obtained by simulation calculation. Simulation results show that, at 1 s, we start to use 0.2 s, 0.4 s, 0.6 s, and 0.8 s time, respectively, to pass current into the floating coil until it reaches 4.4 A. The magnetic gradient of the electrochemistry superconducting magnetic levitation system using a single coil is too large to meet the requirements of gravity measurement, the penetration depth is much smaller than the thickness of the superconducting sphere, and the maximum magnetic field on the surface of the superconducting sphere is much smaller than the critical magnetic field value of the superconducting material, and no loss will occur. The critical magnetic field value of the superconducting sphere is much smaller than that of the superconducting sphere. The critical magnetic field value of the material will not quench, which verifies that the H equation can simulate the superconducting magnetic levitation system well and has a high simulation accuracy and efficiency.

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Iwasaki, S., Y. Kinoshita, H. Ishii, E. S. Otabe, T. Nakasaki, and K. Suzuki. "Study on performance improvement of superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) with superconducting tape." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2323, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2323/1/012025.

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Abstract In this study, we calculated the repulsive force of magnetic levitation for superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) using the finite element method. Conventionally, SUAM utilizes bulk superconductors; here, we propose a magnetic levitation tool using superconducting tape. To obtain a stronger repulsive force, we fabricated various SUAM models and performed calculations. The results showed that we could obtain a strong repulsive force by arranging six superconducting tape pieces radially at equal intervals from the center of the SUAM tool, shortening the distance between the layers, and making the tape trapezoidal in shape. By increasing the number of layers, we can expect to achieve a greater repulsive force than that obtained with bulk superconductors.

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Murakami, Iwanori, Yiming Zhao, and Tatuhiro Tashiro. "Stabilization of a Magnetic Repulsive Levitation Flywheel System Using a High-Efficiency Superconducting Magnetic Bearing." Actuators 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11070180.

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In this study, we developed a superconducting magnetic bearing using a permanent repulsive magnet. A repulsive magnetic levitation system with a permanent magnet can generate a strong levitation force in the absence of a power supply. However, it is unstable, except in the direction of repulsion. In contrast, superconducting magnetic bearings can generate a restoring force in all directions by utilizing the magnetic flux pinning property of the superconductors. Therefore, we constructed a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB), which is stable along all axes without control, and has a strong axial levitation force, by combining a repulsive-type magnetic levitation system and a superconducting magnetic levitation system. We also reduced the amount of HTS used for the SMB and proposed an efficient method of using HTS. Furthermore, a driving test of the flywheel incorporating the SMB was conducted to verify the characteristics of the SMB. The experiment confirmed that the flywheel could overcome the resonance and drive the flywheel. In the drive experiment, the flywheel was driven up to 10,000 rpm.

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Jiang, J., Y. M. Gong, Y. H. Li, G. Liang, X. S. Yang, C. H. Cheng, and Y. Zhao. "The effects of magnetization process on levitation characteristics of a superconducting bulk magnet." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 25n26 (October 14, 2015): 1542046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215420461.

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In this paper, a bulk YBCO superconductor was magnetized in a chosen magnetic field generated from a superconducting magnet (SM) after field cooling process. The effects of magnetization process with different magnetization intensities on levitation forces and relaxation characteristics were investigated. From the results, it can be confirmed that the superconducting bulk magnet (SBM) magnetized with proper magnetization intensity was beneficial to improve the levitation characteristics of the magnetic levitation system. Nevertheless, when the magnetization intensity exceeded 0.85T, the levitation forces and the relaxation characteristics of the SBM attained saturation.

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Bobroff, Julien, François Azambourg, Clémentine Chambon, and Veronica Rodriguez. "Design and Superconducting Levitation." Leonardo 47, no. 5 (October 2014): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00870.

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When specific metals are cooled to a very low temperature (typically colder than about −200°C), they become superconductive and can make magnets levitate. This paper reports on a collaboration between physicists and designers to exploit this quantum levitation. The main goal of this collaboration was to create artistic displays, experiments and videos to engage a large public with fundamental physics. Beyond its public success, this “SupraDesign” project enabled an encounter between two communities: researchers in physics and designers. The collaboration revealed unexpected similarities in working methods, such as testing through experimentation, engaging in teamwork and making use of creativity in a constraining environment.

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Xu, Jimin, Yingze Jin, Xiaoyang Yuan, and Xusheng Miao. "Levitation force of small clearance superconductor–magnet system under non-coaxial condition." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 08 (March 20, 2017): 1750075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917500750.

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A novel superconducting tilting-pad bearing was proposed for the advanced research of reusable liquid hydrogen turbopump in liquid rocket. The bearing is a combination of superconducting magnetic bearing and hydrodynamic fluid-film bearing. Since the viscosity of cryogenic fuel to activate superconducting state and form hydrodynamic fluid-film is very low, bearing clearance will be very small. This study focuses on the investigation of superconducting levitation force in this kind of small clearance superconductor–magnet system. Based on Bean critical state model and three-dimensional finite element method, an analysis method is presented to obtain the levitation force under such situation. Since the complicated operational conditions and structural arrangement for application in liquid rocket, center lines of bulk superconductor and magnet rotor will usually be in non-coaxial state. Superconducting levitation forces in axial direction and radial direction under non-coaxial situation are also analyzed by the presented method.

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Nakashima, Hidetaka, Tatsuya Nakasaki, Tatsuhiro Tanaka, Yushi Kinoshita, Yuki Tanaka, Panart Khajornrungruang, Edmund Soji Otabe, and Keisuke Suzuki. "Study on Polishing Method Using Magnetic Levitation Tool in Superconductive-Assisted Machining." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0234.

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Superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) is a polishing method that employs a magnetic levitation tool, which is based on a superconductive phenomenon called the pinning effect. Since the tool magnetically levitates, the issue of tool interference is eliminated. In this study, in order to set up the polishing conditions of the magnetic levitation tool, we evaluated the relation between the flux density distribution relative to the tool position and the holding force acting on the magnetic levitation tool to maintain its initial position, set by field cooling by the superconducting bulk. For the holding force, we measured the attractive, repulsive, restoring, and driving forces. We found that the greater the holding force, the smaller the initial distance between the superconducting bulk and the magnetic levitation tool. The attractive force was found to peak when the levitated tool was displaced 6 mm from an initial position of 9 mm from the bulk, and it became only the self-weight of the magnetic levitation tool at displacements of 30 mm and above, where the pinning effect broke down. We then evaluated the polishing characteristics for SUS304 and A1100P at a tool displacement that results in the maximum attractive force. In the polishing experiment, we employed a water-based diamond slurry because the temperature of the workpiece was close to room temperature. We found that it was possible to polish SUS304 and A1100P while avoiding the effects of magnetization due to the polishing pressure or induced currents that accompany the rotation of the metal plate. The arithmetic average roughness, Ra, of A1100P was relatively high due to the effect of scratches, while that of SUS304 improved from 92 nm before polishing to 55 nm after polishing when polished with grains with a diameter of 1 μm.

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Zheng, Jun, Hai Lian Jing, Xing Lin Liao, Da Bo He, Ji Fu Chen, and Su Yu Wang. "A Hybrid High-T_c Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Sculpture Model." Materials Science Forum 745-746 (February 2013): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.745-746.179.

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Different from other applications, this paper explores how to use the stable high-Tc superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (maglev) to lift the sculpture art to a high levitation position for satisfying the artists requirement for the light artistic concept. With a combination of the permanent magnet (PM) levitation and HTS maglev technologies, a sculpture model was built to sustain a stable levitation with a levitation height of over 80 mm. In this hybrid HTS maglev sculpture model, three PM rings are arranged as upper, middle, and bottom as a double-layer axial levitation structure; six rectangular YBaCuO bulks are fixed along the side of the PM rings upper-layer as a stabilizer component along the radial direction. When the bottom PM ring was driven up by the lifting bolt, the upper PM ring, which was fixed with the art, can be lifted much higher. Then the required artistic effect will be enhanced. After the model was designed and optimized by finite element method, it was experimentally validated by the HTS maglev measurement system. This levitation design is helpful to the realization of a real-scale levitation sculpture art, and can also provide references to superconducting radial magnetic bearing systems.

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Jiang, J., Y. M. Gong, G. Wang, D. J. Zhou, L. F. Zhao, Y. Zhang, and Y. Zhao. "Levitation forces of a bulk YBCO superconductor in gradient varying magnetic fields." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 25n26 (October 14, 2015): 1542047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215420473.

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The levitation forces of a bulk YBCO superconductor in gradient varying high and low magnetic fields generated from a superconducting magnet were investigated. The magnetic field intensity of the superconducting magnet was measured when the exciting current was 90 A. The magnetic field gradient and magnetic force field were both calculated. The YBCO bulk was cooled by liquid nitrogen in field-cooling (FC) and zero-field-cooling (ZFC) condition. The results showed that the levitation forces increased with increasing the magnetic field intensity. Moreover, the levitation forces were more dependent on magnetic field gradient and magnetic force field than magnetic field intensity.

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Sass, F., D. H. Dias, G. Sotelo, and R. de Andrade. "Superconducting Levitation Using Coated Conductors." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 23, no. 3 (June 2013): 3600905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2012.2234172.

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11

Sanchez, Alvaro, Nuria Del Valle, Enric Pardo, Du-Xing Chen, and Carles Navau. "Magnetic levitation of superconducting bars." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 11 (June 2006): 113904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2201767.

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12

Stephan, R. M., R. Nicolsky, M. A. Neves, A. C. Ferreira, R. de Andrade, M. A. Cruz Moreira, M. A. Rosário, and O. J. Machado. "A superconducting levitation vehicle prototype." Physica C: Superconductivity 408-410 (August 2004): 932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2004.03.169.

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13

ZHOU, JUN, XING-YI ZHANG, and YOU-HE ZHOU. "THE INFLUENCES OF COOLING HEIGHT ON THE LEVITATION FORCE OF SINGLE-DOMAIN YBCO BULK." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 22 (August 30, 2009): 2615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909020734.

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The levitation force characteristics in a superconducting levitation device are determined not only by the geometry and electromagnetic properties of its components, but also by the initial cooling process of the superconductor. In this paper we present the experimental results of effects of the different initial cooling heights between a superconductor and magnet on the levitation force characteristics including maximum levitation force, relaxation of the levitation force and drift of the levitation force caused by the magnet vibration. It was found that the different cooling heights have large influences on the levitation force characteristics of YBCO bulk.

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Ma, Yanbin, Baoqiang Zhang, Hongwei Zhao, and Xingyi Zhang. "Low energy dissipation superconducting flywheel based on structural design." AIP Advances 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 055303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088076.

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Superconducting flywheels have potential application value in aerospace field, and its suspension time is a key factor. Alternating Current (AC) loss associated with rotation is an important parameter that affects the suspension time, so it is very important to study how to reduce the AC loss. Recently, a method of preparing YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) high-temperature superconducting flywheels by Direct-Ink-Writing (DIW) 3D printing was developed. In this paper, the circular hole superconducting flywheel prepared by this method is optimized by the idea of structural optimization. Based on the finite element method, the AC loss before and after optimization is calculated and analyzed. It is found that the elliptical holes make the superconducting flywheel have lower AC loss than circular holes, with a reduction of 58.49%. Then, the YBCO superconducting flywheel with an optimized elliptical structure was prepared by the DIW 3D printing method. The magnetic levitation experiment found that the levitation time of the optimized superconducting flywheel was increased to 162 s compared with the previous 120 s under the same conditions, and the optimized structure had a higher levitation mass ratio. It provides theoretical and experimental support for reducing the AC loss of superconductors by applying the idea of structural optimization design in engineering practice.

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Costa, Felipe, Rubens De Andrade, and Richard Stephan. "Characterization of levitation force for a superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1 (November 19, 2018): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843s1124-133.

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Background: In Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML) transportation systems, such as the MagLev-Cobra prototype, the levitation force plays an important role, both for efficiency and safety reasons. Aim: Determination of the maximum load on the magnetic suspension. Methods: To determine how much load the magnetic suspension system supports, numerical simulations, based on computational models, and laboratory experimental tests are normally used. The most commonly way for characterization of a SML bearing is the measurement of the levitation force as a function of distance between a Superconductor (YBCO) [1, 2] and a Permanent Magnet Guideway (PMG). The measurement of levitation as a function of distance, the banana curve, has a hysteretic behavior with the results depending of the history of measurement: whether the distance between the superconductor and the PMG is decreasing the force is higher than when the distance is increasing, the force is higher with faster movements and so on. A different approach of levitation force test will be proposed as an alternative to the hysteresis curve. This method, applied to characterize the levitation dynamics of the Maglev-Cobra vehicle, provided more reliable and consistent data with the levitation dynamics observed during the operation of the real scale prototype in the transportation of passengers. The bench-top levitation test emulates the behavior of the vehicle along its operation, regardless of the position history between the magnets and the superconductor materials. The test consists in placing the superconductor, refrigerated inside cryostats, in a predetermined Field Cooling (FC) position, and slowly move the cryostat above the PMG to a lower high, for example 15 mm, and wait 10 minutes. After that, the high is decreased 1 mm and again hold there for 10 minutes. The procedure is repeated until a high of 10 mm is reached. The hole process is repeated at least 5 times. This routine replicates the load condition during the vehicle operation when passengers board the train and the load stay constant until the end of the journey. After that, another group of passengers takes place inside the vehicle and is carried to the next station. This kind of test shows the creep of the levitation force over time with slow dynamics and gives the average load over height of levitation along the given time of operation, helping engineers to predict the load capacity of the vehicle and design a more reliable layout. Results: Three FC positions were investigated. The position currently used by the MagLev-Cobra (35 mm) and other 2 positions (45 mm and 55 mm) of initial height between the superconductor and the permanent magnet guideway. Conclusion: All these results contribute to an improvement in the criticality index and a safe application of this system on transportation of persons.

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YOSHIDA, Yoshikatsu, Zhenmao CHEN, Kazuyuki DEMACHI, Kenzo MIYA, and Hiromasa HIGASA. "Enhancement of Levitation Force Characteristics in High Tc Superconducting Levitation." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 62, no. 599 (1996): 2633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.62.2633.

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JIANG, JING, KE CAI LI, LI FENG ZHAO, JIA QING MA, YONG ZHANG, and YONG ZHAO. "VERTICAL VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGLEV VEHICLE SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 15 (June 4, 2013): 1362022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213620221.

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The vertical vibration characteristics of a high-temperature superconducting maglev vehicle system are investigated experimentally. The displacement variations of the maglev vehicle system are measured with different external excitation frequency, in the case of a certain levitation gap. When the external vibration frequency is low, the amplitude variations of the response curve are small. With the increase of the vibration frequency, chaos status can be found. The resonance frequencies with difference levitation gap are also investigated, while the external excitation frequency range is 0–100 Hz. Along with the different levitation gap, resonance frequency is also different. There almost is a linear relationship between the levitation gap and the resonance frequency.

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Anurag, S. "Maglev Technology and the World Scenario." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38663.

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Abstract: In this growing world when cities and towns continue to become more crowded , the modes of transportation that are currently available to us will not be able to handle the demands of these overpopulated areas. This problem can be solved by the concept of electromagnetism. Electromagnets and superconducting magnets have allowed us to create a magnetic levitating train nicknamed “Maglev” which reduces friction between track and train by floating over it instead of directly being in contact. This has a lot of potentials to create trains that require a high initial investment but later on low maintenance and helps in fast transportation thus saving time. The magnetic levitation system used by these trains play an important role in suspending the Maglev train stably and following the track quickly with the adequate gap from the side walls thus highly reducing chances of damage. This paper gives an idea about the tech aspects of maglev projects worldwide such as Germany, Japan, and USA and also discusses about various idea to bring Maglev trains in developing countries like India. Keywords: Maglev, superconducting magnets, magnetic levitation, Transrapid, lateral guidance, linear induction morot, frictionless travel.

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D'Ovidio, Gino, and Francesco Crisi. "Suspension Dynamic Behaviour of HTS Magnetically Levitated Bogie." Materials Science Forum 792 (August 2014): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.198.

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This article illustrates the dynamic behaviour of the suspension of the bogie of the UAQ4 experimental superconducting levitating train. The levitation system uses high temperature (liquid nitrogen cooled) superconductor bulk materials on board and permanent magnets distributed on the guideway. The magnetic interaction between the two, and the Meissner effect, both lift and guide the vehicle. A model with one degree of freedom of the bogie is developed and parametric dynamic analyses are performed and discussed by varying the most significant system parameters.

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Antonov, Yuri F. "Levitation and Lateral Stabilization Device Based on a Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor." Transportation Systems and Technology 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201954115-123.

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The superconducting levitation device comprises a stationary magnetic rail of permanent magnets and a cryostat on a vehicle with a second-generation high-temperature tape superconductor placed in the cryostat, folded in a stack or wound by a coil on a non-magnetic frame without electrical connection of the ends and the transport current. Cool tape high-temperature superconductor of the second generation, folded in a stack or wound on a non magnetic frame in the form of axisymmetric or track coil, without electric connections of the ends and a transport current, behaves as a massive sample of a superconductor and the Meissner Oxenfeld effect, the magnetic field created by the magnetic rail is displaced from the volume of the superconductor, causing the power of levitation and the vehicle hangs over the track structure. The high critical parameters of the second-generation high-temperature superconductor belt ensure efficient operation of the superconducting levitation device. Aim: To demonstration the technical feasibility and efficiency of creating a levitation unit based on the use of a second-generation high-temperature superconductor and permanent magnets made of rare earth metals. Methods: Calculations of the magnetic field distribution in the combination of a magnetic rail and a massive superconductor, preliminary design of the levitation unit and experimental studies on the model. Results: Experiments on a model of a superconducting levitation device confirmed the efficiency of this technical solution and its effectiveness. Conclusion: an original technical solution is proposed that allows to significantly improve the energy characteristics of the levitation node by using a second-generation high-temperature superconductor operating in a passive mode without a transport current, using the partial Meissner-Oxenfeld effect and the engagement of quantized magnetic flux strands at the pinning centers.

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Raut, N. K., J. Miller, R. Y. Chiao, and J. E. Sharping. "Comparative Study of Magnetic Levitation Models." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v8i2.50147.

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Levitation refers to free flotation, where the levitated object is suspended freely, against gravity without any physical contact. Among many levitation, magnetic levitation due to a finite-sized type-I superconductor was demonstrated and characterized. Here, we have developed a model by extending the two-loop method to calculate the levitation height for magnetic levitation within the superconducting microwave cavity and is compared with widely used mirror and finite-size superconductor method. The models were used to calculate the levitation height from the center and edge of the superconductor for magnet with strength 0.1 - 2.0 T. We observed a large discrepancy between the models for the edge levitation where our model underestimate the levitation height by 40-95%. Furthermore, in contrast to other models, our model has shown a superior capacity to calculate the levitation height at any location on the superconductor

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Sanchez, Alvaro, and Carles Navau. "Magnetic levitation of thin superconducting disks." Physica C: Superconductivity 275, no. 3-4 (February 1997): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(96)00723-x.

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Zeng, R., V. Murashov, T. P. Beales, H. K. Liu, and S. X. Dou. "High temperature superconducting magnetic levitation train." Applied Superconductivity 5, no. 1-6 (January 1997): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-1807(98)00026-x.

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Moon, F. C., M. M. Yanoviak, and R. Ware. "Hysteretic levitation forces in superconducting ceramics." Applied Physics Letters 52, no. 18 (May 2, 1988): 1534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99700.

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D'Ovidio, Gino, Francesco Crisi, and Giovanni Lanzara. "Design and Optimization of UAQ4 Experimental Maglev Module." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.42.

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This paper presents the design of a novel superconducting levitated module for UAQ4 train whose feasibility has been successfully tested and confirmed in laboratory. The work concept of self-balancing “V” shaped levitation module is described and the results of levitation tests performed using a measurement set up are discussed. Lastly the levitation module performances are also carried out using numerical finite element analyses by varying the sideslip angle of the module and work system configuration.

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Schultz, Ludwig, Gernot Krabbes, Guenter Fuchs, Wilfried Pfeiffer, and Karl-Hartmut Müller. "Superconducting permanent magnets and their application in magnetic levitation." International Journal of Materials Research 93, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2002-0181.

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Abstract Superconducting permanent magnets form a completely new class of permanent magnets. Of course, they must be cooled to 77 K or below. At very low temperatures (24 K) their magnetization can be a factor of 10 higher than that of the best conventional magnets, providing magnetic forces and energies which are up to two orders of magnitude higher. These new supermagnets became only recently available by the extreme improvement of the quality of melt-textured massive YBa2Cu3O x samples. Besides having a high magnetization, these superconducting permanent magnets can freeze in any given magnetic field configuration allowing completely new applications like superconducting transport systems or superconducting magnetic bearings.

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ALQADI, M. K., F. Y. ALZOUBI, H. M. AL-KHATEEB, and N. Y. AYOUB. "LEVITATION FORCE BETWEEN A SHORT MAGNETIC BAR AND A SUPERCONDUCTING CYLINDER IN THE MEISSNER STATE." Modern Physics Letters B 20, no. 24 (October 20, 2006): 1549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984906011955.

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We have calculated the levitation force and interaction energy between a short magnetic bar and a superconducting cylinder in the Meissner state using the dipole–dipole interaction model. We derived analytical expression of the levitation force acting on the short magnet as a function of the orientation angle of magnetic dipole, and the physical dimensions of the magnet-superconductor system. The effects of the thickness of the superconductor and the length of the magnet on the levitation force were studied.

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Del Valle, Nuria, Alvaro Sanchez, Enric Pardo, Du-Xing Chen, and Carles Navau. "Optimizing levitation force and stability in superconducting levitation with translational symmetry." Applied Physics Letters 90, no. 4 (January 22, 2007): 042503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2435940.

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Espenhahn, Tilo, Dietmar Berger, Ludwig Schultz, Kornelius Nielsch, and Ruben Hühne. "Levitation force measurement on a switchable track for superconducting levitation systems." Superconductor Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (October 26, 2018): 125007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aae45f.

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Jing, Hua, Ming Jiang, and Su Yu Wang. "The Relationship between Temperature and Levitation Stiffness of YBCO Bulk for Maglev Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 1270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.1270.

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In order to make the levitation performance of the high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (Maglev) vehicle more stable and safer, in this paper, using a cryogenic measurement system, we measured the levitation forces of YBCO bulk above halbach-type permanent magnet guideway (Halbach PMG) in the temperature range from 77 K to 60 K, then in the condition of deep cryogenic, the levitation forces of YBCO bulk at different field cooling heights (FCHs) were also measured, according to which the levitation stiffness were calculated. The results show that the levitation stiffness of HTS/PMG Maglev system is better at lower temperature. Moreover, when the temperature of YBCO bulk decreases from 77 K to 73 K, the levitation stiffness largely increases in any FCHs. However, after the temperature of the bulk decreases to 73 K, the rate of the levitation stiffness increased gradually reduces. The results are helpful to HTS Maglev vehicle application.

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WANG, XINGZHI, SUYU WANG, and JIASU WANG. "FEM ANALYSIS OF A NEW HYBRID SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2005): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205028669.

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A superconducting magnetic levitation system, with permanent magnet guideway and bulk superconductors, can realize a more advantageous system for transportation. The calculations of electromagnetic force characteristics are presented using finite element method analysis. The hysteretic behavior of the forces has been reproduced assuming a critical state model for the superconductor, and the results of the analysis are compared with the experimental data. Prom these results we have confirmed that the three-dimensional structure of magnetic field and the electromagnetic performance of superconductors strongly influence the characteristic of the electromagnetic force. Furthermore, a new hybrid superconducting magnetic levitation system has been designed to optimize the electromagnetic force.

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LU, YIYUN, BINGJUAN LU, YUNWANG GE, and WENQING CHEN. "INFLUENCE OF CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY ON MAGNETIC FORCE OF HTSC BULK ABOVE PMR WITH 3D-MODELING NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 19 (July 30, 2011): 2525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211101569.

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Numerical electromagnetic field simulations of high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) bulk were carried out to calculate the magnetic force between the HTSC bulk and the permanent magnet railway (PMR). A 3D-modeling numerical calculation method is proposed using the finite element method. The model is formulated with the magnetic field vector (H-method). The resulting code was written with FORTRAN language. The electric field intensity E and the current density J constitutive relation of HTSC were described with E–J power law. The Kim macro-model is used to describe critical current density Jc of HTSC bulk. Two virtual HTSC bulks were used to solve the critical current density Jc anisotropic properties of HTSC materials. A superconducting levitation system composed of one HTSC bulk and PMR is successfully investigated using the proposed method. By this method, the influence of critical current density on magnetic levitation force of the superconducting levitation system is mathematically studied.

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Nagaya, K., Y. Kosugi, T. Suzuki, and I. Murakami. "Pulse motor with high-temperature superconducting levitation." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 9, no. 4 (1999): 4688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.819339.

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Motta, Eduardo Souza, Daniel Henrique Nogueira Dias, Guilherme Goncalves Sotelo, Henry Octavio Cortes Ramos, Jose Herskovits Norman, and Richard Magdalena Stephan. "Optimization of a Linear Superconducting Levitation System." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 21, no. 5 (October 2011): 3548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2011.2161986.

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Fujimoto, H., and H. Kamijo. "Superconducting bulk magnets for magnetic levitation systems." Physica C: Superconductivity 335, no. 1-4 (June 2000): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)00148-9.

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Fujii, Yusaku, Edmund Frantsuz, Yukinobu Miki, Fuyuhiko Shiota, and Vladislav Khavinson. "Simulation Algorithm for Superconducting Magnetic Levitation System." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 1, No. 6A (June 15, 2000): 3694–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.3694.

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Zhao, Xianfeng, Zhiqi Zhou, Yuan Liu, and Luquan Yang. "Influence of the physical parameters on the limits of magnetic stiffness of high-Tc superconducting levitation systems." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209325.

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Magnetic stiffness is one of the important stability parameters of high temperature superconducting levitation systems. Till to now, great efforts have been made to understand levitation properties including flux penetration, magnetization curves, levitation force, ac susceptibilities, etc. In this paper we present a quadratic approximation method for the limit of magnetic stiffness in a high temperature superconducting levitation system based on Kim’s critical state model and Ampère law. The system is composed with a cylindrical permanent magnet (PM) and a coaxial high temperature superconductor (HTS). It is found that the limit of magnetic stiffness depends upon both the penetration history of shielding currents distribution in HTS and applied magnetic field gradients. Furthermore, the influence of the physical parameters, such as critical current density in HTS and applied magnetic field, on the limits of magnetic stiffness is investigated in detail. The obtained results display that magnetic stiffness decreases with the increasing of critical current density, since shielding currents have not penetrated into the large portion of the HTS. With the increase of applied magnetic field, the magnetic stiffness obtain a larger magnification factor. It is related to the increase of the shielding current penetration volume and the internal magnetic field in HTS.

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Rojas, Juan D., Diego A. Arias, and Alvaro Mariño. "LEVITATION AND SUSPENSION FORCES MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR HIGH TC SUPERCONDUCTORS." MOMENTO, no. 60 (January 19, 2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/mo.n60.84228.

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The interaction forces, attraction (suspension) and repulsion (levitation) between a permanent magnet and diferent bulk Yttrium-based superconductors were carried out with an automatic system developed in our group, which is reproducible, reliable and low cost. Two superconducting samples of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) prepared by solid-state reaction method (S) and by the melt-textured growth method (MTG) were used. Both samples were characterized by XRD technique and presented the characteristic peaks and intensity relations of the YBCO-123 superconducting phase. Oxygen deficiencies δ > 0,15 and δ < 0,10 for the S and MTG samples respectively, were observed. Both samples displayed diferent hysteresis behavior in the Force (F) vs. Distance (z) measurements when they were field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC). This behavior agrees with hysteresis loops observed in magnetization measurements. Both levitation and suspension phenomena were observed in the MTG sample with large hysteresis loops of the force. On the contrary, the S sample with small hysteresis loops did not show a suspension force, only displayed a slight levitation force.

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Okumura, Satsuki, Takemi Onoue, Doa Ahmad, Yutaka Terao, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Yuki Sakurai, Tomotake Matsumura, and Nobuhiko Katayama. "Evaluation of the effect of gravity on the rotational loss of superconducting magnetic bearings for space applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2323, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2323/1/012039.

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Abstract We study the relationship between the levitation gap change and losses in a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) system. We develop a polarization modulator bearing for a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment. The heat generated by the polarization modulator needs to be kept very low. Therefore, it is essential to model the effect of the levitation gap change of a rotor due to gravity on the rotational loss. We have constructed a prototype small experimental platform of an axial-flux SMB with an array of high-temperature superconductors, YBCO, and a permanent magnet ring. In this system, the weight of the rotor can be set. We measured the effect of the change in the levitation gap of the rotor due to gravity on the loss. When the levitation force was 5.5 N and 16.0 N, the losses generated in the rotor were 9.1 × 10−3 W and 1.6 × 10−2 W, respectively. It was confirmed that the loss increases with the increase in the levitation force of the SMB.

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Ma, Jun. "The Effect of the Horizontal Distance between the Permanent Magnets on the Levitation Force in Hybrid Magnetic Levitation System." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.987.

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It has been investigated that the interaction force in hybrid magnetic levitation systems with a GdBCO bulk superconductor and a permanent magnet system and two permanent magnets (PM2) and two cubic permanent magnets (PM3) system in their coaxial configuration at liquid nitrogen temperature. A single-domain GdBCO sample is of 20mm and 10mm in thickness, the permanent magnet PM1 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, the permanent magnets PM2 and PM3 are of cubic shape; the system placed on the middle of system and their coaxial configuration; It is found that the maximum levitation force decreases from 46.3N to 16.3N while the horizontal distance (Dpp) between the rectangle permanent magnet and two cubic permanent magnets (PM2) is increased from 0mm to 24mm and the horizontal distance (Dsp) between a GdBCO bulk superconductor and two cubic permanent magnets (PM3) is 0mm, The results indicate that the higher levitation force can be obtained by introducing PM-PM levitation system based on scientific and reasonable design of the hybrid magnetic levitation system, which is helpful for designing and constructing superconducting magnetic levitation systems.

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Ma, Jun. "The Effect of the Distance between the Permanent Magnets on the Levitation Force in Hybrid Magnetic Levitation System." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.278.

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t has been investigated that the interaction force in hybrid magnetic levitation systems with two GdBCO bulk superconductors and two permanent magnets system and a cubic permanent magnet (PM2) and a cubic permanent magnet (PM3) system in their coaxial configuration at liquid nitrogen temperature. The two single-domain GdBCO samples are of φ20mm and 10mm in thickness, the permanent magnet PM1 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, the permanent magnets PM2 and PM3 are of cubic shape; the system placed on the middle of system and their coaxial configuration; It is found that the maximum levitation force decreases from 40.6N to 17.8N while the distance (Dpp) between the permanent magnets is increased from 0mm to 24mm and the distance (Dsp) between the two GdBCO bulk superconductors and a cubic permanent magnet PM3 is 0mm, The results indicate that the higher levitation force can be obtained by introducing PM-PM levitation system based on scientific and reasonable design of the hybrid magnetic levitation system, which is helpful for designing and constructing superconducting magnetic levitation systems.

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TESHIMA, Hidekazu, Taichi TAWARA, and Ryuichi SHIMADA. "Levitation Properties of a Ring-shaped Flywheel Supported by High Tc Superconducting Levitation." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 32, no. 8 (1997): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.32.386.

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Zhang, Xing-Yi, You-He Zhou, and Jun Zhou. "Effects of magnetic history on the levitation characteristics in a superconducting levitation system." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 468, no. 14 (July 2008): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2008.04.015.

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Мukhа, А. М., S. V. Plaksin, L. M. Pohorila, D. V. Ustymenko, and Y. V. Shkil. "Combined System of Synchronized Simultaneous Control of Magnetic Plane Movement and Suspension." Science and Transport Progress, no. 1(97) (October 17, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2022/265332.

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Purpose. The purpose of this work is the formation of conceptual approaches to the construction of an effective integrated system of simultaneous synchronized control of the movement and suspension of a maglev vehicle – a magnetoplane. Methodology. The paper uses a technique for simultaneous control of the movement and suspension of a maglev vehicle with the mutually coordinated application of both levitation methods, electromagnetic and electrodynamic, through individual control of the energy supply of each track coil. Findings. The conceptual control principles of a traction-levitation system in a hybrid mode of its operation are substantiated. The interaction of a track structure with a vehicle on an electrodynamic suspension with a linear drive is disclosed and the features of the implementation of the power unit are highlighted. Originality. It is shown that a significant improvement in maglev technology can be achieved due to the mutually coordinated combination of electromagnetic and electrodynamic methods of magnetic levitation and the use of a fundamentally different architecture for constructing a MAGLEV track. It is constructed not from long sections with three-phase power windings, but from discrete ones, they are also linear engine traction coils, and a component (load) of a solar track power plant located along the overpass. The power plant includes a photovoltaic module (solar battery) that converts solar energy into electricity, a storage device and an inverter. This construction makes possible independent supply of each travel coil and its autonomous control with the ability to switch to traction or levitation mode. The control concept is that each track coil can participate both in the creation of a static suspension due to the interaction of the magnetic field of the onboard superconducting magnet and the magnetic field of the track coils when a certain amount of direct current is applied to them, as well as the dynamic suspension provided during the train movement as a result of the interaction of the magnetic field of the onboard superconducting magnet and the magnetic fields created in the track coils by currents induced in them when the magnetic fields of the onboard superconducting magnet intersect. Practical value. The results are of practical value, as the use of such complex control system of the suspension and the magnetic plane movement will significantly improve the quality of MAGLEV technology, increase the efficiency and reliability of high-speed land transport based on electrodynamics levitation using superconducting magnets.

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Arai, Yuuki, Hiroshi Seino, and Ken Nagashima. "Levitation properties of superconducting magnetic bearings using superconducting coils and bulk superconductors." Superconductor Science and Technology 23, no. 11 (October 5, 2010): 115011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/23/11/115011.

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Shi, Donglu, K. Lahiri, D. Qu, S. Sagar, V. F. Solovjov, and V. M. Pan. "Surface nucleation, domain growth mechanisms, and factors dominating superconducting properties in seeded melt grown YBa2Cu3Ox." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 11 (November 1997): 3036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0397.

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Using a seeded melt growth (SMG) method, we have produced single-domain YBa2Cu3Ox with high levitation forces and trapped magnetic fields. A threshold temperature TL has been found above which extraneous nucleation does not occur. Surface nucleation has been suppressed when the top sample surface is coated with low melting compounds. The planar growth rates along the a- and c-axes have been found to be comparable within the undercooling range used in this study, and agree well with the current model. Major factors that strongly influence the levitation force have been studied in detail including domain geometry and orientation. Current physical models have been used to interpret the observed levitation force behaviors.

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He, Da Bo, Jun Zheng, Yan Feng Gou, Rui Xue Sun, Tong Che, and Zi Gang Deng. "Levitation Performance of Multiple YBaCuO Blocks with Different Arrays above a Permanent Magnet Guideway." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.431.

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Bulk high temperature superconductors are usually used as arrays due to the limited size and performance of a single bulk. To find a reasonable array pattern for the superconducting maglev vehicle, we studied the levitation force of four multi-seeded rectangular YBaCuO blocks with three possible arrays above a permanent magnet guideway (PMG). Experimental results show that the levitation force can be improved through an optimal array pattern of the bulk superconductor. The method is to avoid the joint gaps of bulk arrays in a strong magnetic field area of the PMG thus improving the utilization rate of the applied magnetic field. The optimal array pattern will be helpful to improve the levitation performance and reduce the quantity of onboard superconductors.

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Guan, Xiang, Yincai Zou, Xing Bian, Jin Shang, Jihao Wu, and Qing Li. "Influence of cooling temperature on load-carrying performance of a radial HTS magnetic bearing." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1241, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1241/1/012033.

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Abstract High temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic bearing can operate in the harsh environment of low temperature and negative pressure with low loss and self-stability. Therefore, it has been gradually applied in flywheel energy storage, cryogenic liquid pump, cold compressor and some other cryogenic rotating machinery. The load-carrying performance of HTS magnetic bearing is affected by the cooling temperature of HTS directly. In this paper, the linear model is used to modify the temperature dependence to evaluate the influence of cooling temperature on load-carrying performance quantitatively, and the results are analyzed and displayed from the aspects of maximum levitation force, levitation stiffness and hysteresis effect. The research results of this paper have practical significance for the design and safe operation of HTS levitation system.

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Sun, R. X., J. Zheng, L. J. Zhan, S. Y. Huang, H. T. Li, and Z. G. Deng. "Design and fabrication of a hybrid maglev model employing PML and SML." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 25 (October 10, 2017): 1745014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921745014x.

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A hybrid maglev model combining permanent magnet levitation (PML) and superconducting magnetic levitation (SML) was designed and fabricated to explore a heavy-load levitation system advancing in passive stability and simple structure. In this system, the PML was designed to levitate the load, and the SML was introduced to guarantee the stability. In order to realize different working gaps of the two maglev components, linear bearings were applied to connect the PML layer (for load) and the SML layer (for stability) of the hybrid maglev model. Experimental results indicate that the hybrid maglev model possesses excellent advantages of heavy-load ability and passive stability at the same time. This work presents a possible way to realize a heavy-load passive maglev concept.

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SEKIGUCHI, Takahiro, Iwanori MURAKAMI, Shun TOMARU, Yoshitaka GOTO, and Akinori YOSIZAWA. "653 Development of High-Tc Superconducting Levitation Flywheel." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _653–1_—_653–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._653-1_.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Superconducting levitation'

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