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1

Hisa, Yasuo, Toshiyuki Uno, Nobuhisa Tadaki, Kaori Umehara, Hitoshi Okamura, and Yasuhiko Ibata. "NADPH-diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase in the canine superior cervical ganglion." Cell and Tissue Research 279, no. 3 (February 1, 1995): 629–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050322.

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2

Hisa, Yasuo, Toshiyuki Uno, Nobuhisa Tadaki, Kaori Umehara, Hitoshi Okamura, and Yasuhiko Ibata. "NADPH-diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase in the canine superior cervical ganglion." Cell & Tissue Research 279, no. 3 (March 1995): 629–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00318175.

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3

Dragoi, G. S., P. R. Melinte, D. Marinescu, I. Dinca, and M. M. Botoran. "Perenity of phenotype changes undergone by neuronal structures inside human superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. Implications in pathology." Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine 22, no. 1 (January 2014): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2014.69.

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4

Teclemariam-Mesbah, Rebecca, Andries Kalsbeek, Ruud M. Buijs, and Paul Pévet. "Oxytocin innervation of spinal preganglionic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion in the rat." Cell and Tissue Research 287, no. 3 (February 20, 1997): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050772.

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5

Kasa, P., E. Dobo, and J. R. Wolff. "Cholinergic innervation of the mouse superior cervical ganglion: light-and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase." Cell and Tissue Research 265, no. 1 (July 1991): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00318149.

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6

Cancer, Hakan, Nobuaki Tamamaki, Uuji Handa, Minoru Hayashi, and Yoshiaki Nojyo. "Appearance of retrogradely labeled neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion after injection of wheat-germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate into the contralateral ganglion." Cell and Tissue Research 262, no. 1 (October 1990): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00327745.

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7

Yokota, H., H. Mukai, S. Hattori, K. Yamada, Y. Anzai, and T. Uno. "MR Imaging of the Superior Cervical Ganglion and Inferior Ganglion of the Vagus Nerve: Structures That Can Mimic Pathologic Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes." American Journal of Neuroradiology 39, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a5434.

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8

Kameda, Yoko. "Signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in the development of the sympathetic nervous system, with special emphasis on the superior cervical ganglion." Cell and Tissue Research 357, no. 3 (April 26, 2014): 527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1847-3.

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9

Loesch, Andrzej, Terry M. Mayhew, Helen Tang, Fernando V. Lobo Ladd, Aliny A. B. Lobo Ladd, Mariana Pereira de Melo, Andrea Almeida P. da Silva, and Antonio Augusto Coppi. "Stereological and allometric studies on neurons and axo-dendritic synapses in the superior cervical ganglia of rats, capybaras and horses." Cell and Tissue Research 341, no. 2 (July 2, 2010): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-1002-8.

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10

Zhang, En-Tan, Jens D. Mikkelsen, and Morten M�ller. "Tyrosine hydroxylase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pineal complex of untreated rats and rats following removal of the superior cervical ganglia." Cell and Tissue Research 265, no. 1 (July 1991): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00318140.

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11

Rubin, E. "Development of the rat superior cervical ganglion: ganglion cell maturation." Journal of Neuroscience 5, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.05-03-00673.1985.

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12

Wang, Feng-Bin. "Superior Cervical Ganglion: Axonal Passage and Inputs." Adaptive Medicine 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4247/am.2019.abj226.

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13

Chunhabundit, P., S. Thongpila, and R. Somana. "Microvascularization of the Rat Superior Cervical Ganglion." Cells Tissues Organs 143, no. 1 (1992): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147228.

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14

Baffi, Judit, T. Go¨rcs, Felicia Slowik, M. Horva´th, N. Lekka, E. Pa´sztor, and M. Palkovits. "Neuropeptides in the human superior cervical ganglion." Brain Research 570, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(92)90591-v.

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15

Ariano, Marjorie A., and Sharon L. Kenny. "Peptide coincidence in rat superior cervical ganglion." Brain Research 340, no. 1 (August 1985): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(85)90791-7.

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16

Purnyn, H., O. Rikhalsky, S. Fedulova, and N. Veselovsky. "Transmission pathways in the rat superior cervical ganglion." Neurophysiology 39, no. 4-5 (July 2007): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11062-007-0053-2.

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17

Sheng, Hong, Gerard D. Gagne, Takahiro Matsumoto, Mahlon F. Miller, Ulrich Förstermann, and Ferid Murad. "Nitric Oxide Synthase in Bovine Superior Cervical Ganglion." Journal of Neurochemistry 61, no. 3 (September 1993): 1120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03628.x.

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18

Ichikawa, H., R. Terayama, T. Yamaai, and T. Sugimoto. "Peptide 19 in the rat superior cervical ganglion." Neuroscience 161, no. 1 (June 2009): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.018.

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19

Watterson, J. G., R. Good, E. Moses, M. T. W. Hearn, and L. Austin. "Phosphorylation of Superior Cervical Ganglion Proteins During Regeneration." Journal of Neurochemistry 52, no. 6 (June 1989): 1700–1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07247.x.

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20

Smolen, Arnold J., and Patricia Beaston-Wimmer. "Dendritic development in the rat superior cervical ganglion." Developmental Brain Research 29, no. 2 (October 1986): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-3806(86)90100-8.

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21

Itakura, Toru, Ichiro Kamei, Kunio Nakai, Yutaka Naka, Kazuo Nakakita, Harumichi Imai, and Norihiko Komai. "Autotransplantation of the superior cervical ganglion into the brain." Journal of Neurosurgery 68, no. 6 (June 1988): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.68.6.0955.

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✓ The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of rats was transplanted into their own parietal cortex. Four weeks after implantation, catecholamine histofluorescence revealed many transplanted catecholamine cells in the cortex. However, no fibers extended from the transplanted tissue to the cerebral cortex. In a second group of rats which had been pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (a specific neurotoxin to the catecholamine neuron), some showed extension of catecholamine fibers to the cerebral cortex. To simulate an animal model of Parkinson's disease, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine) was administered to five monkeys. Two weeks after MPTP administration, dopamine terminals in the caudate nucleus disappeared. After autotransplantation of the SCG into the caudate nucleus of these monkeys, many of the transplanted SCG cells extended axons beyond the graft into the caudate nucleus. These results show that transplanted SCG cells survived well in the brain. Under special circumstances, such as a shortage of catecholamine in the brain, implanted SCG cells extended their axons into the brain. It is suggested that autotransplantation of SCG grafts may be a new therapy for Parkinson's disease.
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22

Newberry, N. R., and K. E. Roberts. "Muscarinic pharmacology of the guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion." European Journal of Pharmacology 183, no. 5 (July 1990): 2043–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(90)92406-9.

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23

Tajti, Janos, Sebastian Möller, Rolf Uddman, Istvan Bodi, and Lars Edvinsson. "The human superior cervical ganglion: neuropeptides and peptide receptors." Neuroscience Letters 263, no. 2-3 (March 1999): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00115-9.

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24

Kawai, Tomoyuki, and Minoru Watanabe. "Spike-afterhyperpolarizing current (IAHP) in rat superior cervical ganglion." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 52 (1990): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)55808-5.

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25

Watterson, J. G., R. Good, M. T. W. Hearn, and L. Austin. "Protein Phosphorylation in Intact Superior Cervical Ganglion During Regeneration." Journal of Neurochemistry 55, no. 2 (August 1990): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04174.x.

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26

TOMINAGA, TAKESHI, HIDEICHI SHINKAWA, and JIRO HOZAWA. "Influence of Superior Cervical Ganglion Stimulation on Vestibular Function." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 97, no. 5 (1994): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.97.905.

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27

Bucci, Giovanna, Christian Vogl, Cesare Usai, Sumiko Mochida, and Gary J. Stephens. "Inhibitory Cav2.2 Peptides Effects in Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurones." Biophysical Journal 102, no. 3 (January 2012): 432a—433a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2369.

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28

Wright, L. L., J. I. Luebke, and A. E. Elshaar. "Target-specific subpopulations of rat superior cervical ganglion neurones." Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 33, no. 2 (May 1991): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(91)90143-q.

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29

Capuzzo, A., P. G. Borasio, and E. Fabbri. "Presynaptic muscarinic receptors in guinea pig superior cervical ganglion." Neuroscience Letters 104, no. 1-2 (September 1989): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(89)90334-0.

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30

Terayama, Yukitsugu, Tomohiro Matsuyama, Masayasu Matsumoto, Takenobu Kamada, Akio Wanaka, and Masaya Tohyama. "Enkephalinergic system in rat superior cervical ganglion: Immunohistochemical study." Neuroscience Research Supplements 9 (January 1989): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(89)90827-x.

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31

Jobling, Phillip, and Ian L. Gibbins. "Electrophysiological and Morphological Diversity of Mouse Sympathetic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 5 (November 1, 1999): 2747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2747.

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We have used multiple-labeling immunohistochemistry, intracellular dye-filling, and intracellular microelectrode recordings to characterize the morphological and electrical properties of sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical, thoracic, and celiac ganglia of mice. Neurochemical and morphological characteristics of neurons varied between ganglia. Thoracic sympathetic ganglia contained three main populations of neurons based on differential patterns of expression of immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In the celiac ganglion, nearly all neurons contained immunoreactivity to both tyrosine hydroxylase and NPY. Both the overall size of the dendritic tree and the number of primary dendrites were greater in neurons from the thoracic and celiac ganglia compared with those from the superior cervical ganglion. The electrophysiological properties of sympathetic neurons depended more on their ganglion of origin rather than their probable targets. All neurons in the superior cervical ganglion had phasic firing properties and large afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). In addition, 34% of these neurons displayed an afterdepolarization preceding the AHP. Superior cervical ganglion neurons had prominent I M, I A, and I Hcurrents and a linear current-voltage relationship between −60 and −110 mV. Neurons from the thoracic ganglia had significantly smaller action potentials, AHPs, and apparent cell capacitance compared with superior cervical ganglion neurons, and only 18% showed an afterdepolarization. All neurons in superior cervical ganglia and most neurons in celiac ganglia received at least one strong preganglionic input. Nearly one-half the neurons in the celiac ganglion had tonic firing properties, and another 15% had firing properties intermediate between those of tonic and phasic neurons. Most celiac neurons showed significant inward rectification below −90 mV. They also expressed I A, but with slower inactivation kinetics than that of superior cervical or thoracic neurons. Both phasic and tonic celiac ganglion neurons received synaptic inputs via the celiac nerves in addition to strong inputs via the splanchnic nerves. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the properties of the action potential, the AHP, and the apparent cell capacitance together were sufficient to correctly classify 80% of neurons according to their ganglion of origin. These results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in the morphological, neurochemical, and electrical properties of sympathetic neurons in mice. Although the morphological and neurochemical characteristics of the neurons are likely to be related to their peripheral projections, the expression of particular electrophysiological traits seems to be more closely related to the ganglia within which the neurons occur.
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32

Edvinsson, L., H. Hara, and R. Uddman. "Retrograde Tracing of Nerve Fibers to the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery with True Blue: Colocalization with Different Peptides." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, no. 2 (April 1989): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.31.

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The origin of nerve fibers to the rat middle cerebral artery was studied by retrograde tracing with the fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) in combination with immunocytochemistry to known perivascular peptides. Application of TB to the middle cerebral artery labeled nerve cell bodies in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, the otic ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the trigeminal ganglion, and the cervical dorsal root ganglion at level C2. A few labeled nerve cell bodies were seen in contralateral ganglia. Judging from the number and intensity of the labeling, the superior cervical ganglion and the trigeminal ganglion and dorsal root ganglion at level C2 contributed most to the innervation. A moderate number of nerve cell bodies were labeled in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. The TB-labeled nerve cell bodies were further examined for the presence of neuropeptides. For that purpose antibodies raised against neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were used. A considerable portion of the TB-labeled nerve cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion contained NPY. About half of the labeled nerve cell bodies in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia contained VIP. In the trigeminal ganglion and in the dorsal root ganglion at level C2, one-third of the TB-labeled nerve cell bodies were CGRP-immunoreactive, while only few nerve cell bodies contained SP. The study provides direct evidence for the origin of cerebrovascular peptidergic nerve fibers and demonstrates that not only ipsilateral but also contralateral ganglia contribute to the innervation of the cerebral circulation.
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33

KONDO, Mari. "Studies on the nerve cells of the superior cervical ganglion." Japanese Heart Journal 27, no. 4 (1986): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1536/ihj.27.580.

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34

Kammermeier, Paul J., and Stephen R. Ikeda. "Metabotropic glutamate receptor expression in the rat superior cervical ganglion." Neuroscience Letters 330, no. 3 (September 2002): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00822-4.

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35

Lee, Joo Yeon, Jeong Hyun Lee, Joon Seon Song, Min Jeong Song, Seung-Jun Hwang, Ra Gyoung Yoon, Seung Won Jang, et al. "Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion: Normal Imaging Appearance on 3T-MRI." Korean Journal of Radiology 17, no. 5 (2016): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2016.17.5.657.

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36

Reuss, Stefan, and Robert Y. Moore. "Neuropeptide Y-Containing Neurons in the Rat Superior Cervical Ganglion." Journal of Pineal Research 6, no. 4 (October 1989): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079x.1989.tb00426.x.

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37

Derkach, V. A., R. A. North, A. A. Selyanko, and V. I. Skok. "Single channels activated by acetylcholine in rat superior cervical ganglion." Journal of Physiology 388, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016606.

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38

YAO, Li-jun, Gang WANG, Kun-fu OU-YANG, Chao-liang WEI, Xian-hua WANG, Shi-rong WANG, Wei YAO, et al. "Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ glows in superior cervical ganglion neurons1." Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 27, no. 7 (July 2006): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00402.x.

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39

Melo, Samanta Rios, Jens Randel Nyengaard, Felipe da Roza Oliveira, Fernando Vagner Lobo Ladd, Luciana Maria Bigaram Abrahão, Márcia R. F. Machado, Tais H. C. Sasahara, Mariana Pereira de Melo, and Antonio Augusto C. M. Ribeiro. "The Developing Left Superior Cervical Ganglion of Pacas(Agouti paca)." Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 292, no. 7 (July 2009): 966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.20918.

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40

Chen, Chu, and Geoffrey G. Schofield. "Ca2+ currents of fast blue-labeled superior cervical ganglion neurons." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 45, no. 1-2 (October 1992): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(92)90044-e.

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41

Newberry Clare J. Watkins, Nigel R., Andreja Volenec, and Thomas P. Flanigan. "5-HT2B receptor mRNA in guinea pig superior cervical ganglion." NeuroReport 7, no. 18 (November 1996): 2909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199611250-00020.

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42

Hawcock, A. B., F. H. Marshall, I. J. M. Beresford, and R. M. Hagan. "Two NK1 agonist responses in the rat superior cervical ganglion." Neuropeptides 24, no. 4 (April 1993): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-4179(93)90247-8.

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43

Alain, VERNA. "DISTRIBUTION OF NADPH-DIAPHORASE IN THE RABBIT SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION." Biology of the Cell 79, no. 1 (1993): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0248-4900(93)90304-w.

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44

Gao, Hui-Ling, He Xu, Xin Wang, Annica Dahlstrom, Liping Huang, and Zhan-You Wang. "Expression of zinc transporter ZnT7 in mouse superior cervical ganglion." Autonomic Neuroscience 140, no. 1-2 (June 2008): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2008.04.002.

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45

Vivas, Oscar, Martin Kruse, and Bertil Hille. "Nerve Growth Factor Sensitizes Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons to Bradykinin." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 541a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.3014.

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46

Fueri, C., M. Faudon, M. C. Barrit, and F. Hery. "Serotonin release from the superior cervical ganglion of the cat." Neurochemistry International 7, no. 5 (January 1985): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(85)90040-3.

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47

Henley, Rachel, Vidya Chandrasekaran, and Cecilia Giulivi. "Computing neurite outgrowth and arborization in superior cervical ganglion neurons." Brain Research Bulletin 144 (January 2019): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.001.

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48

H�pp�l�, O., S. Soinila, H. P�iv�rinta, P. Panula, and O. Er�nk�. "Histamine-immunoreactive cells in the superior cervical ganglion and in the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex of the rat." Histochemistry 82, no. 1 (1985): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00502083.

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49

Mitsuoka, Kazuyuki, Takeshi Kikutani, and Iwao Sato. "Morphological relationship between the superior cervical ganglion and cervical nerves in Japanese cadaver donors." Brain and Behavior 7, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): e00619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.619.

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50

Liutkienė, Gineta, Rimvydas Stropus, Anita Dabužinskienė, and Mara Pilmane. "Structural changes of the human superior cervical ganglion following ischemic stroke." Medicina 43, no. 5 (March 24, 2007): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43050048.

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Objective. The sympathetic nervous system participates in the modulation of cerebrovascular autoregulation. The most important source of sympathetic innervation of the cerebral arteries is the superior cervical ganglion. The aim of this study was to investigate signs of the neurodegenerative alteration in the sympathetic ganglia including the evaluation of apoptosis of neuronal and satellite cells in the human superior cervical ganglion after ischemic stroke, because so far alterations in human sympathetic ganglia related to the injury to peripheral tissue have not been enough analyzed. Materials and methods. We investigated human superior cervical ganglia from eight patients who died of ischemic stroke and from seven control subjects. Neurohistological examination of sympathetic ganglia was performed on 5 μm paraffin sections stained with cresyl violet. TUNEL method was applied to assess apoptotic cells of sympathetic ganglia. Results. The present investigation showed that: (1) signs of neurodegenerative alteration (darkly stained and deformed neurons with vacuoles, lymphocytic infiltrates, gliocyte proliferation) were markedly expressed in the ganglia of stroke patients; (2) apoptotic neuronal and glial cell death was observed in the human superior cervical ganglia of the control and stroke groups; (3) heterogenic distribution of apoptotic neurons and glial cells as well as individual variations in both groups were identified; (4) higher apoptotic index of sympathetic neurons (89%) in the stroke group than in the control group was found. Conclusions. We associated these findings with retrograde reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage, which occurs in the ischemic focus of blood vessels innervated by superior cervical ganglion.
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