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Journal articles on the topic 'Supermartensitic stainless steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Akhmed'yanov, A. M., S. V. Rushchits, and M. A. Smirnov. "Hot Deformation of Martensitic and Supermartensitic Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.259.

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The deformation behavior of supermartensitic and martensitic stainless steels was investigated through compression test using Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator within the temperature range of 900 – 1200 оС and the strain rates range of 0.01 – 10 s-1. The results showed that the flow stress and the peak strain increase with the drop in the deformation temperature and the rise in the strain rate. Flow stress of SMS steel exceeds flow stress of MS steel for same regimes of deformation. The difference in flow stress increases with the increase in Zener-Hollomon parameter, but does not exceed 15 MPa. The critical deformation, required to start dynamic recrystallization, for supermartensitic stainless steel is slightly lower than for martensitic stainless steel. The hot deformation activation energy of steels is also investigated, their values are similar and equal to 432 and 440 kJ/mol for MS and SMS steel, respectively.

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2

Li, Jun, Dong Ye, Yong Mei Chen, Jie Su, and Kun Yu Zhao. "Effect of Chloric Ions and Temperature on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in CO₂-Saturated Chloride Solution." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2342.

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Abstract. The pitting corrosion behavior of two kinds (W and Cu-free; W and Cu-bearing) of supermartensitic stainless steels (SMSS) were studied in CO2-saturated chloride solution with three chloric ion concentration: 21200, 50000, 100000ppm, and four different temperatures:19, 40, 60, 80°C by potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The results indicate that the pitting potential decreased with temperature increasing, and in a logarithmic relation with the chlorine concentration in both alloys. The pitting potential of supermartensitic stainless steel is increased by together adding tungsten and copper.

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3

Souto Maior Tavares, Sérgio, Adriana da Cunha Rocha, Manoel Ribeiro da Silva, Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira, and Rachel Pereira Carneiro da Cunha. "Microstructural Characterization of New Super-Ferritic-Martensitic Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 257 (October 2016): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.257.52.

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The demand for high strength materials with improved corrosion resistance boosted the development of supermartensitic steels from conventional martensitic stainless steels The first alloys were designed with 11-13%Cr, extra-low carbon and nickel addition. More recently, experimental alloys with higher Cr (15-17%) and other ferritizing elements (Mo, W, Nb,…) were developed with the aim of obtain higher corrosion resistance in high chloride environments. In this work, the microstructure features of a new 17%Cr stainless steel were investigated.

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4

Kurelo, Bruna C. E. S., Gelson B. de Souza, Silvio L. Rutz da Silva, Francisco C. Serbena, Carlos E. Foerster, and Clodomiro Alves. "Plasma nitriding of HP13Cr supermartensitic stainless steel." Applied Surface Science 349 (September 2015): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.202.

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5

Zou, Dening, Ying Han, Dongna Yan, Duo Wang, Wei Zhang, and Guangwei Fan. "Hot workability of 00Cr13Ni5Mo2 supermartensitic stainless steel." Materials & Design 32, no. 8-9 (September 2011): 4443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.067.

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6

Aquino, J. M., C. A. Della Rovere, and S. E. Kuri. "Anodic behaviour of supermartensitic stainless steel weldments." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (April 2010): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174327813x13789818950663.

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7

Bacchi, Linda, Fabio Biagini, Serena Corsinovi, Marco Romanelli, Michele Villa, and Renzo Valentini. "Influence of Thermal Treatment on SCC and HE Susceptibility of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel 16Cr5NiMo." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071643.

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A 16Cr5NiMo supermartensitic stainless steel was subjected to different tempering treatments and analyzed by means of permeation tests and slow strain rate tests to investigate the effect of different amounts of retained austenite on its hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. The 16Cr5NiMo steel class is characterized by a very low carbon content. It is the new variant of 13Cr4Ni. These steels are used in many applications, for example, compressors for sour environments, offshore piping, naval propellers, aircraft components and subsea applications. The typical microstructure is a soft-tempered martensite very close to a body-centered cubic, with a retained austenite fraction and limited δ ferrite phase. Supermartensitic stainless steels have high mechanical properties, together with good weldability and corrosion resistance. The amount of retained austenite is useful to increase low temperature toughness and stress corrosion cracking resistance. Experimental techniques allowed us to evaluate diffusion coefficients and the mechanical behaviour of metals in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) conditions.

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8

Bojack, Andrea, Lie Zhao, and Jilt Sietsma. "Thermodynamic Analysis of the Effect of Compositional Inhomogeneity on Phase Transformations in a 13Cr6Ni2Mo Supermartensitic Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.899.

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Supermartensitic stainless steels possess an excellent combination of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance and have attracted an increased industrial attention especially from the offshore oil and gas industry, where those materials are already successfully in use. It is well known that the mechanical properties of this type of steels are strongly dependent on the fraction of retained austenite, which is controlled by heat treatment. Because the products manufactured out of these steels are in large sections, temperature gradients and corresponding compositional inhomogeneities are inevitable. Also during heat treatment partitioning of elements between the phases will give local concentrations far removed from the bulk levels. In the present work a 13Cr6Ni2Mo supermartensitic stainless steel is thermodynamically analyzed using the Thermo-Calc®software package where the influence of compositional variations on phase transformations is investigated, in particular the effect of changes in the Ae3-temperature is discussed.

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9

Wang, Duo, De Ning Zou, Chang Bin Tang, Kun Wu, and Huan Liu. "Studies on Corrosion Behavior of S-165 and HP Supermartensitic Stainless Steels in Cl^- Environment." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.425.

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Supermartensitic stainless steel grades are widely used in oil and gas industries to substitute duplex and super duplex stainless steels these years. In this paper the corrosion behavior of supermartensitic stainless steels with different chemical compositions, S-165 and HP, was investigated in Cl-environment. All the samples were treated by quenching at 1000 °C followed by tempering at 630 °C for 2h. After heat treatment, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were determined on both kinds of samples. Polarization curves shows that the metastable pitting nucleuses were formed in passive area and the Cr content is the most important factor leading to the differences of pitting potential. The potentiodynamic polarization curves were conducted at various NaCl contents (5000, 15000 and 35000 ppm) and emphasized the need to account for the Cl-sensitivity of samples under corrosion environment. The results show that, the pitting potential decrease with the increase of chloride contents. The behavior of passive film was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

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10

Rodrigues, C. A. D., P. L. D. Lorenzo, A. Sokolowski, C. A. Barbosa, and J. M. D. A. Rollo. "Titanium and molybdenum content in supermartensitic stainless steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 460-461 (July 2007): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.016.

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11

Aquino, J. M., C. A. Della Rovere, and S. E. Kuri. "Intergranular corrosion susceptibility in supermartensitic stainless steel weldments." Corrosion Science 51, no. 10 (October 2009): 2316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.06.009.

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12

Fernandes, F. A. P., G. E. Totten, J. Gallego, and L. C. Casteletti. "Plasma nitriding and nitrocarburising of a supermartensitic stainless steel." International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1749514811z.0000000008.

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13

Batanova, N. V., and V. L. Danilov. "Damage accumulation in supermartensitic stainless steel during plastic deformation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 709 (January 3, 2020): 044114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/709/4/044114.

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14

Dean, SW, CAD Rodrigues, PLD Lorenzo, A. Sokolowski, A. Barbosa, and JMDA Rollo. "Development of a Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Microalloyed with Niobium." Journal of ASTM International 3, no. 5 (2006): 14086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai14086.

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15

Rui, Jia Qun, Jun Li, Hu Dai Sun, Kun Yu Zhao, Zhi Dong Li, Xiao Chen Han, Qi Long Yong, and Jie Su. "Influence of pH on the Electrochemical Bahavior of 00Cr15Ni7Mo2Cu2 Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 1058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.1058.

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This objective is to study the influence of pH on the electrochemical behavior of 00Cr15Ni7Mo2Cu2 supermartensitic stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solutions using potentiondynamic polarization technique, open circuit potential tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The study reveals that the pitting potential (Eb) is higher, the passivation current densities (ip) is lower and the electrochemical impedance increases with the pH. The results indicate that this stainless steel offer good pitting corrosion resistance with the pH increasing in 3.5% NaCl solutions.

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16

Zepon, Guilherme, Claudio Shyinti Kiminami, Walter José Botta Filho, and Claudemiro Bolfarini. "Microstructure and wear resistance of spray-formed supermartensitic stainless steel." Materials Research 16, no. 3 (February 25, 2013): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392013005000026.

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17

Aquino, J. M., C. A. Della Rovere, and S. E. Kuri. "Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Welded Joints." CORROSION 64, no. 1 (January 2008): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3278459.

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18

Della Rovere, C. A., J. M. Aquino, C. R. Ribeiro, R. Silva, N. G. Alcântara, and S. E. Kuri. "Corrosion behavior of radial friction welded supermartensitic stainless steel pipes." Materials & Design (1980-2015) 65 (January 2015): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.09.003.

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19

Niessen, Frank, Matteo Villa, John Hald, and Marcel A. J. Somers. "Kinetics analysis of two-stage austenitization in supermartensitic stainless steel." Materials & Design 116 (February 2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.11.076.

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20

Rushchits, S. V., A. M. Akhmed'yanov, M. A. Smirnov, I. V. Lapina, and V. Ya Gol'dshteyn. "Deformation behavior of supermartensitic stainless steel in hot compression tests." Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series ‘Metallurgy’ 16, no. 04 (2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/met160412.

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21

Niessen, Frank, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, John Hald, and Marcel Adrianius Johannes Somers. "Formation and stabilization of reverted austenite in supermartensitic stainless steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 4 (2018): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018051.

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The formation and stabilization of reverted austenite upon inter-critical annealing was investigated in a X4CrNiMo16-5-1 (EN 1.4418) supermartensitic stainless steel by means of scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter-diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and dilatometry. The results were supported by thermodynamics and kinetics models, and hardness measurements. Isothermal annealing for 2 h in the temperature range of 475 to 650 °C led to gradual softening of the material which was related to tempering of martensite and the steady increase of the reverted austenite phase fraction. Annealing at higher temperatures led to a gradual increase in hardness which was caused by formation of fresh martensite from reverted austenite. It was demonstrated that stabilization of reverted austenite is primarily based on chemical stabilization by partitioning, consistent with modeling results.

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22

Bojack, A., L. Zhao, P. F. Morris, and J. Sietsma. "Austenite Formation from Martensite in a 13Cr6Ni2Mo Supermartensitic Stainless Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 47, no. 5 (February 26, 2016): 1996–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3404-z.

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23

He, Jun, Lin Chen, Xuan Tao, Stoichko Antonov, Yong Zhong, and Yanjing Su. "Hydrogen embrittlement behavior of 13Cr-5Ni-2Mo supermartensitic stainless steel." Corrosion Science 176 (November 2020): 109046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109046.

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24

Zhang, Yiwei, Chi Zhang, Xiaomin Yuan, Diankai Li, Yuande Yin, and Shengzhi Li. "Microstructure Evolution and Orientation Relationship of Reverted Austenite in 13Cr Supermartensitic Stainless Steel During the Tempering Process." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040589.

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The transformation mechanism of reverted austenite and the amount of reverted austenite during the tempering process in supermartensitic stainless steel have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and a high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscope (HTLSCM). The results indicate that the microstructure mainly consists of tempered martensite and reverted austenite. The reverted austenite nucleates uniformly at the sub-block boundary and prior grain austenite boundary. The amount of reverted austenite strongly relies on the tempering time, showing a positive correlation in the supermartensitic stainless steel. The crystallographic orientation relationship between reverted austenite and martensite meets the Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S) relationship and the deviation angle is mainly concentrated at about 2 degrees. The mechanism of reverted austenite transformed from martensite is a diffusion mechanism. The growth kinetics of the reverted austenite are dominated by diffusion of the Ni element and there is no shear deformation of the martensite matrix in the in situ observation. It can be deduced that the reverted austenite is formed by nickel diffusion during tempering at 620 °C for different tempering times.

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25

Aquino, J. M., C. A. Della Rovere, and S. E. Kuri. "Intergranular and Pitting Corrosion Susceptibilities of a Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Weldment." CORROSION 66, no. 11 (November 2010): 116001–116001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3516221.

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26

Chellappan, M., K. Lingadurai, and P. Sathiya. "Characterization and Optimization of TIG welded supermartensitic stainless steel using TOPSIS." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 2 (2017): 1662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.005.

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27

Della Rovere, C. A., C. R. Ribeiro, R. Silva, N. G. Alcântara, and S. E. Kuri. "Local mechanical properties of radial friction welded supermartensitic stainless steel pipes." Materials & Design (1980-2015) 56 (April 2014): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.020.

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28

Srinivasan, P. Bala, S. W. Sharkawy, and W. Dietzel. "Environmental Cracking Behavior of Submerged Arc-Welded Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Weldments." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/10599490418433.

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29

Zepon, Guilherme, Ricardo P. Nogueira, Claudio S. Kiminami, Walter J. Botta, and Claudemiro Bolfarini. "Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Spray-Formed Boron-Modified Supermartensitic Stainless Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 48, no. 4 (January 30, 2017): 2077–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-3980-6.

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30

Jonšta, P., P. Váňová, S. Brožová, P. Pustějovská, J. Sojka, Z. Jonšta, and M. Ingaldi. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Welded Joint Made of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Environment Containing Sulfane." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0121.

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Abstract The work is focused on evaluation of resistance of the welded joint made of supermartensitic 13Cr6Ni2.5Mo stainless steel to sulfide stress cracking. Testing method A and solution B in accordance with NACE TM 0177 were used. All the testing samples were ruptured in a very short time interval but welded joint samples were fractured primarily in the weld metal or in heat affected zone and not in the basic material. Material analysis of samples were made with use of a ZEISS NEOPHOT 32 light microscope and a JEOL 6490LV scanning electron microscope.

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31

Zou, De-ning, Ying Han, Wei Zhang, and Xu-dong Fang. "Influence of Tempering Process on Mechanical Properties of 00Cr13Ni4Mo Supermartensitic Stainless Steel." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 17, no. 8 (August 2010): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(10)60128-8.

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32

Della Rovere, C. A., C. R. Ribeiro, R. Silva, L. F. S. Baroni, N. G. Alcântara, and S. E. Kuri. "Microstructural and mechanical characterization of radial friction welded supermartensitic stainless steel joints." Materials Science and Engineering: A 586 (December 2013): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.08.014.

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33

Solheim, Karl Gunnar, Jan Ketil Solberg, John Walmsley, Fredrik Rosenqvist, and Tor Henning Bjørnå. "The role of retained austenite in hydrogen embrittlement of supermartensitic stainless steel." Engineering Failure Analysis 34 (December 2013): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.07.025.

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34

Zhang, Yiwei, Yuguo Zhong, Chuantao Lv, Liwen Tan, Xiaomin Yuan, and Shengzhi Li. "Effect of carbon partition in the reverted austenite of supermartensitic stainless steel." Materials Research Express 6, no. 8 (May 3, 2019): 086518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab1968.

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35

Xu, Da-kun, Yong-chang Liu, Zong-qing Ma, Hui-jun Li, and Ze-sheng Yan. "Structural refinement of 00Cr13Ni5Mo2 supermartensitic stainless steel during single-stage intercritical tempering." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 21, no. 3 (March 2014): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-014-0906-9.

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36

Tavares, S. S. M., M. R. Silva, J. M. Pardal, M. B. Silva, and M. C. S. de Macedo. "Influence of heat treatments on the sensitization of a supermartensitic stainless steel." Ciência & Tecnologia dos Materiais 29, no. 1 (January 2017): e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctmat.2016.03.004.

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37

Zhang, Shuoyuan, Hidenori Terasaki, and Yu-ichi Komizo. "In-situ Observation of Martensite Transformation and Retained Austenite in Supermartensitic Stainless Steel." Tetsu-to-Hagane 96, no. 12 (2010): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.96.691.

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38

Tolchard, Julian Richard, Astri Sømme, Jan Ketil Solberg, and Karl Gunnar Solheim. "On the measurement of austenite in supermartensitic stainless steel by X-ray diffraction." Materials Characterization 99 (January 2015): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2014.12.005.

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39

Zepon, G., A. R. C. Nascimento, A. H. Kasama, R. P. Nogueira, C. S. Kiminami, W. J. Botta, and C. Bolfarini. "Design of wear resistant boron-modified supermartensitic stainless steel by spray forming process." Materials & Design 83 (October 2015): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.020.

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40

Bala Srinivasan, P., S. W. Sharkawy, and W. Dietzel. "Hydrogen assisted stress-cracking behaviour of electron beam welded supermartensitic stainless steel weldments." Materials Science and Engineering: A 385, no. 1-2 (November 2004): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.029.

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41

Anselmo, N., J. E. May, N. A. Mariano, P. A. P. Nascente, and S. E. Kuri. "Corrosion behavior of supermartensitic stainless steel in aerated and CO2-saturated synthetic seawater." Materials Science and Engineering: A 428, no. 1-2 (July 2006): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.107.

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42

Carrouge, D., H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, and P. Woollin. "Effect ofδ-ferrite on impact properties of supermartensitic stainless steel heat affected zones." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 9, no. 5 (October 2004): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217104225021823.

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43

Bojack, A., L. Zhao, P. F. Morris, and J. Sietsma. "In-situ determination of austenite and martensite formation in 13Cr6Ni2Mo supermartensitic stainless steel." Materials Characterization 71 (September 2012): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2012.06.004.

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44

Rodrigues, C. A. D., J. F. Pagotto, A. J. Motheo, and G. Tremiliosi-Filho. "The effect of titanium on pitting corrosion resistance of welded supermartensitic stainless steel." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 52, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478422x.2016.1223263.

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45

Salazar, M., M. A. Espinosa-Medina, P. Hernández, and A. Contreras. "Evaluation of SCC susceptibility of supermartensitic stainless steel using slow strain rate tests." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 46, no. 4 (June 2011): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/147842209x12476568584412.

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46

Schvartzman, Mônica M. A. M., D. R. Lopes, L. Esteves, W. R. C. Campos, and V. F. C. Lins. "Pitting Corrosion of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Chloride Solutions Containing Thiosulfate or H2S." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 27, no. 7 (June 18, 2018): 3723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3403-x.

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47

Molter, Debora Lima, Mario Augusto Lopes de Castro, and Dilson Silva dos Santos. "Role of Hydrogen in the Separation of Interfaces in S13Cr Supermartensitic Stainless Steel." Acta Materialia 206 (March 2021): 116614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116614.

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48

De Sanctis, Massimo, Renzo Valentini, Gianfranco Lovicu, Antonella Dimatteo, Randa Ishak, Umberto Migliaccio, Roberto Montanari, and Emanuele Pietrangeli. "Microstructural Evolution during Tempering of 16Cr-5Ni Stainless Steel: Effects on Final Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.176.

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In this work, the structural behaviour during tempering of two different heats of 16Cr-5Ni supermartensitic stainless steel has been studied by means of dilatometry, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A thermomechanical simulator (Gleeble 3800) has been also used to characterize the effects on final mechanical properties of different tempering temperatures in the range 600 °C to 700 °C and the influence of sub-zero cooling on industrial double tempering treatments. It has been found that the pre-existence of retained austenite in as-quenched conditions can induce significant differences in the microstructural evolution during tempering and on the final mechanical properties of industrial components, thus inducing problems in controlling final maximum hardness allowable by normative requirements.

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49

Soares, Renata B., Wagner R. C. Campos, Pedro L. Gastelois, Waldemar A. A. Macedo, Luís F. P. Dick, and Vanessa F. C. Lins. "Electrochemical Properties of Passive Film Formed on Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in a Chloride Medium." Corrosion 76, no. 9 (June 10, 2020): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3230.

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The electrochemical behavior and the electronic properties of passive films formed on a super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) used in oil and gas industries were investigated in aqueous 0.6 M and 2.1 M NaCl solutions with additions of sodium acetate and acetic acid (pH 4.5). Open-circuit potential transients, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were measured to characterize the passive film formed on SMSS. The electrochemical behavior of the steel in an aqueous solution of 0.6 M NaCl presented the highest pitting potential and the highest polarization resistance in relation to the NaCl/NaAc solution. The passive film of SMSS in an aqueous solution of NaCl presented a thickness of 18.40 nm, three times the thickness of the oxide film in NaCl/NaAc, and consisted of FeO, Cr2O3, MoO2, and spinels such as FeCr2O4 species that are a p-type semiconductor, but may also contain a small fraction of the Fe2O3 and MoO3 oxides. Additionally, it was shown that the passive layer after immersion in a saline solution also contains hydroxides such as FeOOH and Cr(OH)3.

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Yu, Jun Hui, De Ning Zou, Ying Han, and Zhi Yu Chen. "Modeling of the Stress in 13Cr Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Welds by Artificial Neural Network." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.141.

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Abstract:

In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANN) has been proposed to determine the stresses of 13Cr supermartensitic stainless steel (SMSS) welds based on various deformation temperatures and strains using experimental data from tensile tests. The experiments provided the required data for training and testing. A three layer feed-forward network, deformation temperature and strain as input parameters while stress as the output, was trained with automated regularization (AR) algorithm for preventing overfitting. The results showed that the best ﬁtting training dataset was obtained with ten units in the hidden layer, which made it possible to predict stress accurately. The correlation coefficients (R-value) between experiments and prediction for the training and testing dataset were 0.9980 and 0.9943, respectively, the biggest absolute relative error (ARE) was 6.060 %. As seen that the ANN model was an efficient quantitative tool to evaluate and predict the deformation behavior of type 13Cr SMSS welds during tensile test under different temperatures and strains.

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