Relevant bibliographies by topics / Supernatural element

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Supernatural element'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Supernatural element"

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Thamizhazhagan, D., and D. Deviga. "An Exploration on Poetic and Supernatural Element in the Bride of Lammermoor By Walter Scott." Shanlax International Journal of English 8, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v8i3.3194.

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This research article investigates the poetic and supernatural representation in the literature of Walter Scott. His teaching, and antiquarian skills into his investigation of the possibilities of the survival, of the supernatural elements. The ballads and an unlettered legends tradition that appear to confirm his position as a believer in superstitious and irrational practices. This article will argue that Hogg possesses a shrewd and sophisticated understanding of the authority of the supernatural. This is visible in his hard literary work to evidence and looks into various types of uncanny evidence when compared with those of Scott.
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Darmawan, Adam, Aquarini Priyatna, and Acep Iwan Saidi. "UNSUR-UNSUR GOTIK DALAM NOVEL PENUNGGU JENAZAH KARYA ABDULLAH HARAHAP (Gothic Elements in the Novel Penunggu Jenazah by Abdullah Harahap)." METASASTRA: Jurnal Penelitian Sastra 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.26610/metasastra.2015.v8i2.161-178.

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Tulisan ini mengkaji unsur-unsur gotik yang terdapat dalam novel Penunggu Jenazah karya Abdullah Harahap. Novel yang dikaji menunjukkan keterkaitan unsur-unsur gotik sebagai pembangun cerita, yaitu hal-hal supernatural, bentuk-bentuk transgresi, latar yang menyeramkan, bentuk-bentuk monstrositas, excess dan fetis. Kajian ini dilandasi dengan menggunakan teori gotik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa unsur gotik dalam novel Penunggu Jenazah saling tumpang tindih. Hal-hal supernatural digunakan sebagai sumber konflik dan bentuk transgresi. Transgresi sebagai unsur gotik menggunakan pelanggaran terhadap tabu yang melibatkan transgresi terhadap seksualitas, tubuh, dan kematian. Latar yang menyeramkan, bentuk-bentuk monstrositas dan excess dihadirkan sebagai unsur gotik yang menggangu tatanan norma dan normalitas. Fetis yang muncul dalam Penunggu Jenazah adalah fetis terhadap tubuh perempuan dengan kecenderungan sadomasokis. Novel disajikan dengan mencampurkan semua unsur gotik dengan unsur supernatural, transgresi dan monstrositas sebagai unsur gotik yang dominan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini saya fokuskan untuk mengungkap cara gotik ditampilkan dalam karya Harahap.Abstract: This paper examines the gothic elements in the novel entitled Penunggu Jenazah written by Abdullah Harahap. The novel shows that the gothic elements are supernatural, forms of transgression, scary setting, forms of monstrosity, excess and fetish. This study uses gothic theories. Furthermore, the results of the analysis also show that the gothic elements are overlapping. Transgression as the gothic element is using violation of taboo of sexuality, body and death. The scary setting, the forms of monstrosity and excess are representing to disturb norms and normality. The fetish in the Penunggu Jenazah novel is the fetish of a woman body with a tendency to sadomasochism. Gothic is represented by blending all gothic elements with the supernatural, transgression and monstrosity as the majority elements. Moreover, this study is focused on the way gothic represented.
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Hoggard, Brian. "Supernatural Defenses Activated through Death." Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/preternature.11.1.0131.

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ABSTRACT Objects such as concealed shoes, dried cats, horse skulls, written charms, and witch bottles have been found in thousands of buildings in Britain and elsewhere in the world with the clear aim of protecting the occupants of the building from sources of supernatural evil. There are also an array of marks that have been made on surfaces designed to ward off evil influences. Generally speaking, these objects contain an element of breakage or death before they can be used to protect against magical forces, arguably this is also true where the surface structure is broken to make a mark. Despite the large numbers of these objects and marks that exist, there is rarely any inclusion of them in works about the history of witchcraft. This paper is an exploration of the different objects and marks that were used for this purpose.
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WARDA, WAHAJ UNNISA. "In Pursuit of Angels And Self Discovery - Paulo Coelho’s “The Valkyries” and “The Winner Stands Alone”." Journal of English Language and Literature 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v9i3.372.

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Paulo Coelho was born in Brazil and has become one of the most widely read authors in the world today. Coelho uses the supernatural element in all of his stories, “The Valkyries” and “The Winner Stands Alone” are two stories, that employ the “The Valkyries” supernatural using the good powers in trying to let go of the evil. His other work “The Winner Stands Alone” is about a powerful obsessed character whose wife had left him for another man. At one end ‘The Valkyries’ is about seeking redemption, a search for the right to amend the wrong whereas at the other end ‘The Winner Stands Alone’ the supernatural seems to serve to justify the wrongs.
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Cahyani, Irni. "Unsur Supranatural Dalam Teks Lamut �Kerajaan Palinggam�." Jurnal Hadratul Madaniyah 5, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jhm.v5i2.884.

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Supernatural is above natural things, where supernatural is more aimed at natural phenomenon and is kebatinan culture / world. While the lamut is an oral literature performed by a single player (palanutan). The single player brings a certain story through the speech which in certain parts of his speech accompanied by a wasp of tarbanglamut. In this study, researchers examined the supernatural element in the text of the lamut "Palinggam Kingdom." This analysis yields the conclusion that the characters in the lamut text "Palinggam Kingdom" have supernatural powers, among others: 1) can transform themselves into birds, white walut, snakes, parents, mountains, beetles, and children; 2) can fly; 3) can make a very large boat of Balimbur Dragon; 4) can turn hair into arrows; 5) can stop the winds; 6) can make the god fall in the palm of the hand; 7) may disappear; 8) can rule the eagle; 9) can fight dragons, and 10) can kill giants.
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Stevenson, William B. "Suffering and Spiritedness: The Doctrine of Comfort and the Drama of Thumos in More’s Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation." Moreana 52 (Number 199-, no. 1-2 (June 2015): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2015.52.1-2.9.

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This study examines the relationship between comfort, understood as an interior strengthening or emboldening, and the spirited element of the soul—that element which Plato and Aristotle called thumos. In the Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation, More follows his Greek precursors in regarding the spirited element as that part of the person which alone can unite the reason and the passions, making for human wholeness. More also follows Plato in using the dialogue form as a mode of psychagogia, or statesmanly soul-leading, whereby he elicits in the soul of the attentive and involved reader the same comfort which Antony calls forth in Vincent. The dialogue demonstrates how comfort requires arousing the spirited element in the soul, especially in its honor- and victory-loving aspect (Vincent’s name is in fact redolent of this aspect of thumos.) But the kind of comfort which concerns More is supernatural in its origin and final end. This study will show how in his knowledge of the causes and conditions of supernatural comfort, More amply demonstrates that he is a theologian no less than a statesman or literary artist.
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Tuzlak, Ayse. "Coins out of fishes: Money, magic, and miracle in the Gospel of Matthew." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 36, no. 2 (June 2007): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980703600205.

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The story of the coin in the fish's mouth in Matthew 17:27 has usually been interpreted as an artificial, folkloric interpolation into a straightforward pericope about providence. This article argues that the miracle is in fact an essential element of the pericope, and that it illuminates Matthew's understanding of Jewish-Roman relations. The concept of "occult economies," as developed by the anthropologists John and Jean Comaroff, illustrates how certain cultures see supernatural events as having a direct impact on economic systems. The miracle in this story can therefore be seen as a statement about supernatural power in an enchanted world.
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Filippov, E. N. "SACRED COMMUNICATION AS A SPECIFIC TYPE OF COMMUNICATION: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS, STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-5-1115-1121.

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The study presents the results of a systematic analysis of the structure of sacred communication. A necessary element for defining communication as sacred is the belonging of one or more subjects to a supernatural power. Sacred signs are a means of communication, they can be verbal and nonverbal. Signs can be endowed with magical power, thereby performing the function of supernatural power. A sacred communicative act will be a relatively integral unit of sacred communication, and its main component will be a sacred text. The study clarifies the terms associated with this type of communication. Temporal and locative specificity of functioning, elements of semantics (opposition sacred / profane, doubling of worlds) and the role of precedent are characterized. The reason and purpose of sacred communication are singled out, possible variants of their correlation are described. Achievement or non-achievement of the goal, which is due to a number of specific factors, determines the success of communication.
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del Olmo, Ismael. "Against Scarecrows and Half-Baked Christians." Hobbes Studies 31, no. 2 (October 20, 2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-03102001.

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The aim of this paper is to trace Thomas Hobbes’s arguments for the rejection of spiritual possession in Leviathan (1651). Several layers of Hobbes’s thought converge in this subject: his suggestion regarding the sovereign’s right to control religious doctrine; his mechanistic critique of incorporeal substances; his tirade against demonology and Pagan philosophy; his ideas about fear and the natural seeds of religion; his Biblical criticism. Hobbes’s reflections over the matter of spiritual possession allowed him to simultaneously attack institutionalized and charismatic supernatural experiences, rejecting on Biblical as well as philosophical grounds the possibility of demonic and divine possession. This assault on traditional pneumatology led him to new interpretations of the notions of spirit and immateriality, a core element in Leviathan’s resignification of the interaction between nature and supernature. The paper will address Hobbes’s call for a civil exorcism―political, exegetical, and philosophical―against the spiritual powers that possess the Commonwealth.
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Kartono, Kartono. "POST-BIRTH CUSTOM ON MALAY PEOPLE IN JONGKONG, KAPUAS HULU." Khatulistiwa 8, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/khatulistiwa.v8i2.1248.

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This article discusses the traditional knowledge of society is the wealth of inheritance obtained from previous generations. The knowledge contains two elements; local elements and elements of Islam. In this element there are beliefs that are associated with supernatural powers, and there are also beliefs that are associated with science. Explanation of these two aspects often cannot be done because of a limited understanding of the culture of the community. Instead of culture that is sustainable, often culture is abandoned because it is considered a prohibited work. Taking examples of activities 40 days after giving birth, this article explains the transition of cultural aspects from belief to knowledge. That is why the response to local culture must be preceded by deepening before any attitude is given.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supernatural element"

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曾慶慈 and Hing-chi Tsang. "A critical study of supernatural elements in Yuan drama." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210028.

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Cagliyan, Murat. "Gothic Elements In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle&#039." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612835/index.pdf.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the use of Gothic elements in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle&rsquo
s Sherlock Holmes stories. It begins with an overview of Gothic and detective fiction, pointing out the Gothic novels published in the late Victorian period, and referring to the Gothic influence on Poe, Dickens, and Collins who are important writers in the development of detective fiction. In this way, it is revealed that the presence of Gothic elements in the Sherlock Holmes stories is part of the writing fashion of the era. The thesis then analyses the Holmes stories which present significant Gothic elements in terms of terror, horror and the supernatural. In addition, it examines the whole Holmes canon in an endeavour to find out the Sherlock Holmes character&rsquo
s similarity to the Byronic hero who often appears in Gothic fiction. As a result, this study shows that Gothic elements contribute to the Sherlock Holmes stories in two ways. Firstly, they add to the depiction of minor characters, the setting, and the atmosphere of these stories. Secondly, they manifest themselves in the portrayal of the character of Holmes himself. Thus, the use of Gothic elements enables Doyle to create suspenseful and surprising stories with a strikingly memorable detective figure.
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Burgess, Moira. ""Between the words of a song" supernatural and mythical elements in the Scottish fiction of Naomi Mitchison /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1046/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Glasgow, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 270-288). Print version also available. Mode of access : World Wide Web. System requirements : Adobe Acrobat reader required to view PDF document.
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Books on the topic "Supernatural element"

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The supernatural element in our Lord's earthly life in relation to historical methods of study: A paper read at Sion College, London, on Tuesday, October, 21, 1902. London: Macmillan, 1985.

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Writing the paranormal novel: Techniques and exercises for weaving supernatural elements into your story. Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer's Digest Books, 2011.

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Green, Paul. Encyclopedia of weird westerns: Supernatural and science fiction elements in novels, pulps, comics, films, television, and games. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., Publishers, 2009.

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Green, Paul. Encyclopedia of weird westerns: Supernatural and science fiction elements in novels, pulps, comics, films, television and games. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., Publishers, 2009.

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Green, Paul. Encyclopedia of weird westerns: Supernatural and science fiction elements in novels, pulps, comics, films, television, and games. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., Publishers, 2009.

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Green, Paul. Encyclopedia of weird westerns: Supernatural and science fiction elements in novels, pulps, comics, films, television, and games. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., Publishers, 2009.

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Encyclopedia of weird westerns: Supernatural and science fiction elements in novels, pulps, comics, films, television, and games. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., Publishers, 2009.

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Green, Paul. Encyclopedia of weird westerns: Supernatural and science fiction elements in novels, pulps, comics, films, television and games. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., Publishers, 2009.

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Renaissance magic and the return of the Golden Age: The occult tradition and Marlowe, Jonson, and Shakespeare. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.

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Dickinson, Peter. Earth and air: Tales of elemental creatures. Easthampton, MA: Big Mouth House, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Supernatural element"

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Ahmed, Maaheen. "Hellboy." In Monstrous Imaginaries, 112–40. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496825261.003.0005.

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This chapter on Mike Mignola'sHellboy examines Hellboy's unwitting submergence into a supernatural dimension in terms of a romantic quest to reconcile his demonic essence and his human upbringing. It also elaborates on the romantic inclinations manifested through the series' nostalgia for disappeared (fantastic) worlds. It focuses, first, on Hellboy’s combination of storyworlds that overwhelm human reality and reflect nostalgia for forgotten and fantastic worlds and second, Hellboy’s doomed quest. Another element related to the spectacle and recurring throughout the Hellboycomics is the tense relationship between animation and control. The chapter then broaches the relevance of the spectacle itself—the theatrical nature of which is emphasized by the supernatural creatures who watch and comment on Hellboy’s struggles from another world.
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Asha, Joseph Olufemi. "Phenomenology of Religious Experience." In Phenomenological Approaches to Religion and Spirituality, 251–67. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4595-9.ch013.

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In the Christian tradition, a spiritual experience is a phenomenon that in some sense remains controversial. Nonetheless, spiritual experience in Christianity refers to the personalization of the faith in Christ that transcends the normal. This is, however, critically contested and regrettably unexplored. It lends credence to why contemporary research on religious experience reveals that Christian spiritual experiences have the element of supernatural intervention by the Holy Spirit, although supernatural must not be confused with spectacular. It might be spectacular, as in the case of Paul on the road to Damascus (Acts 9). Drawing upon extensive contemporary research, content analysis, and literature on religious experience, this study adopts descriptive methodology as techniques. The study situates religious experience as occurrence in an everyday situation of Christians through which they derive a clear inner realization of “the truth.” Findings reveal a significant implication for collective research on religious and spiritual experiences for Christians.
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Gifford, Paul. "Issues." In The Plight of Western Religion, 3–26. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095871.003.0002.

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This chapter argues that a substantive definition of religion provides considerable clarity, enabling us helpfully to differentiate religion from culture, ethnicity and politics. Such differentiation has become possible only with the rise of the modern West. The secularization thesis claims that with modernity religion loses its importance. This thesis is commonly held to be wrong; this book by contrast upholds the thesis, from a novel standpoint. Secularization is usually argued with reference to affiliation and attendance, with belief less analyzed. This book directly addresses the issue of contemporary belief and argues that belief (or a cognitive element) is integral to religion substantively understood. Traditionally, this cognition has entailed reference to otherworldly forces, and it is this otherworldly reference that modernity has peripheralized. Identity in the modern world increasingly has marginalized supernatural referents.
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Henrik Hartvigson, Niels. "Rural Dreams: Landscape, Family, Sexuality and Queerness in Homeland Cinema." In A History of Danish Cinema, 105–17. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474461122.003.0009.

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Like the German Heimatfilm, homeland film is also a popular and enduring tradition in Danish cinema. Often criticised as reactionary or regressive, homeland films flourished from the 1950s onwards, bringing images of the national landscape to cinema screens. Adaptations of popular novels by Morten Korch formed the backbone of the genre, and production was dominated by two women filmmakers: Alice O’Fredericks and Annelise Reenberg. The films tend to narrate identity-related struggles, set in a place of origin such as a farm or village, and they balance melodrama with comedy, lyricism, and the occasional supernatural element. Interconnections between cinematic landscape, human and animal are crucial, and kinship extends far beyond the nuclear family to encompass cultural outcasts, the unmarried, the childless, the old and orphans. Indeed, this chapter argues that homeland films often centre on a crisis of sexuality, and feature some form of queer couples or queer nurturing.
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Hallam, Lindsay. "Cherry Pie Wrapped in Barbed Wire: Fire Walk With Me as a Horror Movie." In Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, 27–74. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325642.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses Twin Peaks and its engagement with and subversion of genre conventions. It discloses how the Twin Peaks television series is viewed as a work of postmodernism and a pastiche of several genres that provide references to film noir, which gives the series a cinematic feel. It also points out that the Twin Peaks series parodied television genre conventions, while David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me is less interested in parody and pastiche and presents a more personal and subjective story. The chapter examines how Fire Walk With Me reveals more of the strange and unearthly realm that exists side-by-side with the town where larger forces of good and evil fight to gain control of Laura's soul. It describes the strong sense of the supernatural in Fire Walk With Me; an element that situates the film in the horror genre through the creation of mythical and mystical spaces.
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V. S., Chitra. "Theorising the Politics of Yakshi in Malayalam Cinema." In Handbook of Research on Social and Cultural Dynamics in Indian Cinema, 51–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3511-0.ch005.

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The fear of the monstrous feminine, yakshi, may be read as an element of collective political fear, threatening the stability and functioning of established systems of power and normalcy. Films attempted a curious balancing of tradition with modernity. The film representations of female ghosts mark a transformation of Kerala's cultural psyche in its relation with the supernatural. One of the common characteristics of yakshi legends and their film representations in Malayalam is that class/caste identity of the woman plays a significant role in the experiences narrated. The myth of yakshi—a cultural fantasy still popular in Kerala, forming an integral part of Malayalam film industry from 1964 to 2017—is analysed through the subaltern theory popularised by Gayathri Spivak and various other theorists together with the psychological theories of the conscious evolved by Freud and Jung. The refashioning of the image from the voluptuous and monstrous one to a more realistic and relatable image proclaims the politics and the social context of fear evoked through this terrible concept.
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Kurlander, Eric. "Epilogue." In Hitler's Monsters. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300189452.003.0010.

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This epilogue argues that the Nazi movement had closer ties to occult, border scientific, and pagan-mythological ideas and doctrines than any mass political party. To be sure, Hitler and the Nazi Party may have broken with the Thule Society that helped inspire National Socialism. Yet the Society's border scientific doctrines persisted within the Nazi supernatural imaginary. Not all Germans who shared elements of this supernatural imaginary were fascists, racist imperialists, or anti-Semites. But that is precisely why the Nazis' exploitation of the supernatural imaginary was so effective in attracting and maintaining support from a broad cross section of the German population. The NSDAP's appeal to such ideas helped the party transcend the thorny social and political reality of Depression-era Germany. It allowed a party with no clear political or economic programme to supersede the materialist, class-based rhetoric of the left, the pragmatic republicanism of the liberal centre, and the more traditional conservatism of the Catholic and Protestant centre right.
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Howell, Charlotte E. "The Biblical Book of Revelation as Mythology." In Divine Programming, 154–70. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054373.003.0007.

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Eschatological dramas use the biblical Book of Revelation as their premise; however, despite the direct connection with the New Testament, the shows’ creatives disavow the religious nature of their narratives, reframing Christian elements as mythology. Supernatural (the WB/CW, 2005–2020), Dominion (Syfy, 2014–2015), and Constantine (NBC, 2014–2015) all use the Bible as the basis for what they assert is supernatural mythology. Such a strong disavowal of religion is especially necessary for creatives working on these three shows: they had a particularly strong fear of being associated with religious culture and audiences because their narratives are so closely tied to the Bible. The pushback against religion aligns with the assumption that the upscale fan audience these shows target is nonreligious.
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Bommarito, Nicolas. "Relics and Veneration." In Seeing Clearly, 142–54. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887506.003.0020.

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This chapter addresses the role of relics and veneration in Buddhism. Words like “relic” and “veneration” can often feel too religious and too supernatural. For many with a modern outlook, practices involving the veneration of relics can seem archaic and irrelevant. As a result, they are too often overshadowed by philosophy and meditation in many contemporary discussions of Buddhism. Nevertheless, these practices can not only be deeply meaningful and transformative but are among the most widespread and popular in the Buddhist world today. Indeed, for the vast majority of practicing Buddhists in the world, the veneration of relics and important places is absolutely central to what Buddhism means to them. Most generally, these practices are ways of expressing respect and admiration, but they also bring about changes in one's outlook. They typically involve an especially important object or place, and there are, as one might expect, many variations. Since they often involve magical or supernatural elements, they are sometimes ignored or downplayed in modern forms of Buddhism. They are, however, important in the Buddhist world and offer important lessons, even for those who do not accept the supernatural aspects.
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Harris, James C. "Ethics and Spirituality." In Intellectual Disability. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195178852.003.0013.

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This chapter considers ethical and spiritual issues related to intellectual disability. Consideration of the meaning of life of an intellectually disabled person must take into account how society defines and responds to individual differences. There are ethical and religious concerns regarding prenatal diagnosis and questions of how to teach ethical behavior to persons with intellectual disability. Participation in religious practices in the community and in group home settings is important for families and persons with intellectual disability. This chapter reviews these issues in detail. In biblical times, there were edicts about disability that offer insight into attitudes toward disabled people. There is an Old Testament injunction: “Thou shalt not curse the deaf, put a stumbling block before the blind, nor maketh the blind wander out of a path” (Leviticus 19:14). This may be the first Western command to legislate for the protection of the deaf and handicapped. Moreover, deaf persons without speech were viewed as children and provided the same protections as children. Yet, the threat of disability was also an element in biblical injunctions: “If you do not follow his commandments and decrees . . . all these curses will become upon you and overtake you: The Lord will afflict you with madness, blindness, and confusion of mind. At midday, you will grope around like a man in the dark” (Deuteronomy 28:15). Although help for those with disabilities was seen as a charitable obligation, disability was perceived potentially as a punishment from God. Ancient people often believed that illness was inflicted by a deity or supernatural power (Rosen, 1968). In records dating back before 2000 B.C., the birth of children with congenital impairments were used to predict the future of the community. In Babylonia, those who prophesized about the future kept a list of birth deformities and the specific meaning and prophecy that these disabilities foretold. Although a disability was viewed as a portent of things to come (Braddock and Parish, 2002) or punishment for immorality, there also existed the attitude that the disabled should be treated with compassion. The New Testament provides insight into how attitudes about disability evolved.
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Conference papers on the topic "Supernatural element"

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Schiele, Alexandre. "THE NORMAL AND THE EXCEPTIONAL: A COMPARISON OF PU SONGLING’S AND MO YAN’S SURREAL WORLDS." In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.10.

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From a comparison of the surreal worlds of Pu Songling and Mo Yan in their respective auctorial context, this paper argues that although Pu Songling’s short stories integrate surreal elements, contrary to the accepted typology of genres, they fall into realistic and not speculative fiction because the worldview of Imperial China in which he lived not only accepted the supernatural as real, but as foundational to the traditional order. By comparison, Mo Yan’s supernatural stories partly fall within supernatural literature, because post-1949 China espoused a scientific worldview which banishes the supernatural. On a second level, however, both Pu Songling’s and Mo Yan’s surreal fictions are political satires of their times. Yet, even on this point they diverge. While Pu Songling articulates the social and political criticism of his present to surreal elements, Mo Yan casts the surreal as a stand-in for the exceptional situations of his recent past which are the object of his criticisms.
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