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Journal articles on the topic 'Superordinate words'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Watson, Rita. "Relevance and Definition." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 1 (1995): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009703.

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ABSTRACTThe study examined whether the use of superordinate terms in children's definitions was predicted by relevance theory. Two hundred and six children aged five to ten years gave definitions for 16 basic-level words and four superordinate words from natural kind and artefact semantic domains. Superordinate terms were used more frequently when they supported more inferences. This was evidenced by their more frequent use in natural kind than in artefact domains, and more frequent use when the superordinate was itself defined by a semantically complex expression. When used, superordinates al

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Perkasa, Dicky Widiya, and Iman Santoso. "The Use Superordinate Concept in The Meaning of speech." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 6 (2019): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i6.p852-855.

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Words have been existed since hundreds of years ago the implicit meaning of a words can indicate an expression of someone Through human words can communicate with various kinds of meanings in their conversation, in the concept of writing the researcher will explain a concept of superordinate which as a form of word level the highest which has the earliest meaning of each word, The good thing that can be learned in this superordinate concept is that the meaning of the word will not become complicated, for example "The fish is very ferocious", then what fish does it mean that might be sharks or

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Tamura, Takahiro. "Effects of Types of Featural Information on Interpretation by Young Children of Novel Words at the Superordinate Level." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 1 (2000): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.73.

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In this experiment with a Novel Label Task, 48 children ages 5 to 6 years were given a novel word for a target item, e.g., a dog. They were also given one of two types of featural information for the target item, a feature naturally common to animals, i.e., “This has a heart inside,” or an accidental feature uncommon to animals, i.e., “This gets a splinter.” As a result, the number of children who interpreted the novel word at the superordinate level (animal) increased significantly when they were given the feature naturally common to animals. On the other hand, there was no significant increa

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Storm, Christine, Tom Storm, and Katherine Ratchford. "Breadth of Meaning, Informativeness, and Superordination Relationships Among Selected Emotion Terms Appearing Early and Later in Development." Psychology and Human Development: an international journal 2, no. 1 (1988): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6423.

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We conducted 3 studies to investigate some of the characteristics of emotion words. Five sets of 3 emotion words were selected; each set contained 1 basic word appearing early in the developing lexicon and 2 more specific words from the same broad category of emotion appearing later in development. Basic words were hypothesized to be broader in reference, less informative, and superordinate to more specific terms in the same set (examined in Studies 1–3). Undergraduates (Ns = 36, 60, and 60, respectively) made choices on each of the 10 pairs of predictor words and on 30 comparison pairs. Resul

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Gathercole, Virginia C. "The contrastive hypothesis for the acquisition of word meaning: a reconsideration of the theory." Journal of Child Language 14, no. 3 (1987): 493–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900010266.

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ABSTRACTThe evidence for the Contrastive Hypothesis (Clark 1980, 1983a, b, 1987, Barrett 1978, 1982) is reviewed. An examination of data from the acquisition of object words, relational words and superordinate terms reveals little support for this hypothesis that young children automatically assume that every two words in their lexicons contrast. Further, theoretical problems with the positions that children assign words to semantic fields as they are acquiring them and that innovations are used to fill lexical gaps make these stances untenable.

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CLARK, EVE V., and JAMES B. GROSSMAN. "Pragmatic directions and children's word learning." Journal of Child Language 25, no. 1 (1998): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000997003309.

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The present study tested the hypothesis that children as young as two use what adults tell them about meaning relations when they make inferences about new words. 18 two-year-olds (mean age 2;2) and 18 three-year-olds (mean age 3;2) learned two new terms (a) with instructions either (i) to treat one term as a superordinate to the other, or (ii) to replace one term with another; and (b) with no instruction given about how two new words might be related. Children were attentive to both kinds of instructions or pragmatic directions, and made use of them in their word-learning. When they received

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Kusuma, Deny. "Strategy Of Translating Gadget Brochure." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 1, no. 2 (2017): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.1.2.38.339-351.

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The title of this writing is strategy of translating gadget brochure. There were two problems discussed in this thesis, namely (1) terms found in the gadget manual book and its equivalence in Indonesia, (2) strategies applied in translating gadget brochure. Based on the analysis result, it was found that the terms and its equivalent words found in the gadget brochure were classified based on: 1) simple words or compound words and terminology forming phrase. 2) words category found are: noun and verb. The recommended pattern to determine the equivalent word was pure borrowing strategy, not adap

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Chen, Bohua, Degao Li, and Xuping Cao. "Unbalanced Bilinguals’ Asymmetric Associations Between L2 Words for Taxonomic Categories of Basic and Superordinate Levels." SAGE Open 6, no. 1 (2016): 215824401664002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016640025.

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Audring, Jenny. "Mothers or sisters? The encoding of morphological knowledge." Word Structure 12, no. 3 (2019): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2019.0150.

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How is grammatical knowledge encoded in mental representations? While traditional accounts view grammar as a system of rules, construction-based theories assume declarative schemas – lexical entries with variables – as the locus of grammatical knowledge. Such schemas are evidently needed to encode productive patterns. However, morphological knowledge also includes relations between existing words, in patterns that cannot necessarily be productively extended. This contribution argues that such patterns can be encoded in two ways: by a ‘mother’ schema dominating the listed instances, or by ‘sist

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10

Ribas-Fernandes, José J. F., Danesh Shahnazian, Clay B. Holroyd, and Matthew M. Botvinick. "Subgoal- and Goal-related Reward Prediction Errors in Medial Prefrontal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 1 (2019): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01341.

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A longstanding view of the organization of human and animal behavior holds that behavior is hierarchically organized—in other words, directed toward achieving superordinate goals through the achievement of subordinate goals or subgoals. However, most research in neuroscience has focused on tasks without hierarchical structure. In past work, we have shown that negative reward prediction error (RPE) signals in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) can be linked not only to superordinate goals but also to subgoals. This suggests that mPFC tracks impediments in the progression toward subgoals. Using fMR

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Sugimura, Takeshi. "Effects of Inclusion Instruction in Teaching and Probe Phases on Interpretation of Novel Words." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (1996): 733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.733.

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92 second- and 116 sixth-graders were taught that an apple is a group of buruna (novel word) for the inclusion instruction or that an apple is a buruna for no inclusion. Then six fruit and five unrelated names were presented in the probe phase, and the subjects were asked to select the names which they thought were a group of buruna for the inclusion instruction or the names which they thought were a buruna for the no-inclusion. The percentages of the subjects who selected the six fruit names, i.e., those who interpreted the novel word as the superordinate category, were greater for the inclus

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Liu, Jing, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, and Kimberly Sak. "One Cow Does Not an Animal Make: Young Children Can Extend Novel Words at the Superordinate Level." Child Development 72, no. 6 (2001): 1674–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00372.

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Faber, Pamela, and Celia Wallhead. "The lexical field of visual perception in The French Lieutenant's Woman by John Fowles." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 4, no. 2 (1995): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394709500400203.

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In The French Lieutenant's Woman the lexical field of visual perception is strongly foregrounded. The appearance of so many significant vision words, both the superordinate terms and their hyponyms, is related to the creation of the characters and to the development of the narrative. This article sets out the lexical field of visual perception, its hierarchies, oppositions and metaphorical projections, both at the beginning and in the appendices, showing how this semantic domain is covered in the novel. We go on to suggest that this foregrounding has a literary purpose, and indicate five disti

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Russell, Emily E., and Mariel Kyger Doerfel. "Animals, foods, and household items—oh my! Evidence of 24-30-month-old children’s increasing flexibility in word learning from naturalistic data." Psychology of Language and Communication 25, no. 1 (2021): 82–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2021-0005.

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Abstract At 18 months of age, children frequently generalize (and overgeneralize) novel objects’ labels by shape (Landau et al., 1988). However, data from laboratory studies using ostensive word-learning paradigms indicate that, by three years of age, children generalize the labels of novel objects depending on the objects’ perceptual characteristics and taxonomy (Lavin & Hall, 2001; Jones et al., 1991). The current study sought to document this shift in children’s word-learning strategies using naturalistic data. We tracked children’s vocabularies over a six-month period of time (between

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Astari, Nyoman Yuli. "THE SHIFT OF LEXICAL COHESION IN TRANSLATION OF THE NOVEL THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES." Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 7, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2019.v07.i01.p07.

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Abstract This paper aims to describe the translation equivalent of the lexical cohesion found in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; and to identify the effects of shift of cohesion in translation of “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes “ and its translation. In this paper qualitative descriptive method is used to describe or analyze the data of shift of cohesion in translation. The finding shows that the lexical cohesion in the text is built by a number of repetition, synonymy, near-synonymy, superordinate, general word and collocation. Shifts of cohesion found in the novel are shifts in t

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Marinellie, Sally A., and Cynthia J. Johnson. "Adjective Definitions and the Influence of Word Frequency." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 5 (2003): 1061–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/084).

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The present investigation is a study of the development of adjective definitions given by participants in Grades 6 and 10 and by young adults, as well as the influence of word frequency on those definitions. A total of 150 participants (50 per age group) wrote definitions for 6 high-frequency and 6 low-frequency adjectives. Adjective definitions were analyzed for use of semantic content and also grammatical form. Findings indicated that content of adjective definitions generally followed a developmental course from concrete and functional to more abstract. Response patterns of certain categori

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Isaiah Omodan, Bunmi. "Kenimani-Kenimatoni Organisational Practice : An Africanised Construct of Superordinate-Subordinate Relationships in a University System." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 11, no. 1 (2021): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/v11n1a5.

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This theoretical formulation responded to the quest for Africanised epistemic space to construct the hidden indigenous practices into the world of knowledge. Kenimani (that others may not have) and Kenimatoni (that others may not reach up to one’s status), a Yoruba language, one of the African languages was rationalised as an organisational theory of relationships capable of understanding and interpreting people’s actions, and inactions in organisations. The exploration was guided by examining how the underlying meaning and principles of Kenimani-Kenimatoni can be exemplified to the leadership

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Kennette, Lynne N., Lee H. Wurm, and Lisa R. Van Havermaet. "Change detection." Mental Lexicon 5, no. 1 (2010): 47–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.5.1.03ken.

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A version of the change-detection paradigm was used to examine Good-Enough Representation (Ferreira, Bailey, & Ferraro, 2002). Participants read sentence pairs where a subject noun (e.g., flower) could change to a Superordinate (e.g., plant), Subordinate (e.g., rose), or an Unrelated (e.g., prince) noun. The task was completed cross-linguistically for bilinguals, where the first sentence appeared in English (L1) and the second in French (L2). Linguistic focus was also manipulated. Change detection was extremely high in all conditions in the monolingual sample. In the bilingual sample, focu

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Rath, Laura, Kylie Meyer, Elizabeth S. Avent, et al. "SUPPORTING FAMILY CAREGIVERS: HOW DO CAREGIVERS OF OLDER ADULTS COPE WITH ROLE STRAIN? A QUALITATIVE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1816.

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Abstract Qualitative research on positive coping approaches actually used by caregivers can inform interventions that can be feasibly implemented. Absent from previous qualitative research is how caregivers respond to strain in the relationship, specifically. Eight focus groups were conducted with a purposeful sample of racially and ethnically diverse family caregivers in Los Angeles (n=75). An additional 8 in-depth follow-up interviews were conducted. Content analysis was used to understand the mechanisms employed by caregivers to cope with strain and tension in the caregiving relationship. P

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Kövecses, Zoltán. "Conceptual metaphor theory." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 6 (November 26, 2008): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.6.08kov.

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Despite its popularity in and outside cognitive linguistics, cognitive metaphor theory (CMT) has received a wide range of criticisms in the past two decades. Several metaphor researchers have criticized the methodology with which metaphor is studied (emphasizing concepts instead of words), the direction of analysis (emphasizing a top-down instead of a bottom-up approach), the category level of metaphor (claiming its superordinate status instead of basic level), the embodiment of metaphor (emphasizing the universal, mechanical, and monolithic aspects instead of nonuniversal, nonmechanical, and

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KURLAND, BRENDA F., and CATHERINE E. SNOW. "Longitudinal measurement of growth in definitional skill." Journal of Child Language 24, no. 3 (1997): 603–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000997003243.

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This study examines individual growth rates in definitional skill over a period of three to six years, for 68 low-income children. Children were asked to define words once a year at school, from kindergarten (youngest administration at 5;3) through fourth grade (oldest administration at 10;10). A plateau was observed between age nine and ten both for percent formal definitions (characterized by presence of a superordinate) and for the quality of formal definitions. The plateau was lower than the theoretical ceiling for these measures. However, the children appear to have attained ‘adult levels

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Riley, Ellyn A., Elena Barbieri, Sandra Weintraub, M. Marsel Mesulam, and Cynthia K. Thompson. "Semantic Typicality Effects in Primary Progressive Aphasia." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 33, no. 5 (2018): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317518762443.

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Prototypical items within a semantic category are processed faster than atypical items within the same category. This typicality effect reflects normal representation and processing of semantic categories and when absent may be reflective of lexical–semantic deficits. We examined typicality effects in individuals with semantic and nonsemantic variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA; semantic—PPA-S, agrammatic—PPA-G), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by specific decline in language function, and age-matched controls. Using a semantic category verification task, where participants

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Cole, Amanda. "Co-variation, style and social meaning: The implicational relationship between (h) and (ing) in Debden, Essex." Language Variation and Change 32, no. 3 (2020): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394520000162.

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AbstractThis paper demonstrates that the differing social meanings held by linguistic features can result in an implicational relationship between them. Rates of (h) and (ing) are investigated in the casual speech of sixty-three speakers from a community with Cockney heritage: Debden, Essex. The indexicalities of h-dropping in Debden (signalling Cockney) are superordinate to and incorporate the indexicalities of g-dropping (working-class, “improper”), resulting in an implicational relationship. H-dropping implies g-dropping, but g-dropping can occur independently of h-dropping. This occurs in

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Sajid, Muhammad Akbar, Sajid Waqar, Rabia Mohsin, and Muhammad Javaid Jamil. "Post 9/11 American Footprints in Pakistani Media: A Critique of Semiotic Discourses of Pakistani Newspapers." Review of Economics and Development Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v6i1.190.

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This paper highlights the power of image in shaping perception of the people regarding post 9/11 American representation in Pakistani print media discourses. The study deconstructs the semiotic discourse(s) of Pakistani English newspaper Dawn (daily) from September 2018 to February 2019 to argue that linguistic and semiotic devices and techniques work discursively to shape the readers’ perception regarding American foot-prints in Pakistani print media. It employs Multimodal Critical Discourse analysis approach by drawing upon Machin (2007), Van Leeuwen framework for recontextualization (2008)

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Potapenko, Serhiy. "MANIPULATING CATEGORIES IN PUBLIC SPEECHES AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS: COGNITIVE RHETORICAL APPLICATION OF VANTAGE THEORY." Odessa Linguistic Journal, no. 12 (2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/2312-3192/12/12.

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The article applies Vantage Theory, which studies the ways of categorization with respect to human orientation in space-time, to revealing three types of manipulating categories structuring the addressee’s worldview: overcategorization, decategorization and new category construction. It is found that overcategorization, aimed at intensifying the parameters constituting the categorical focus, is reflected in the use of words denoting the utmost intensification of the focal categorical parameters, while partial categorization is expressed by the lexical units intensifying focal parameters to a c

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Ulum, Muhammad Syahrul. "SERAT GATHOLOCO DALAM KAJIAN POSKOLONIAL." ASKETIK 3, no. 2 (2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/ask.v3i2.1688.

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Literary work is a profound expression of the soul of a writer to describe the existence of his identity. It is not uncommon for a person to express his creative ideas in the literary verses as a symbol of the author to show that his condition is as stated in his work. Also included in the Serat Gatholoco , it is clear that the author is likely to experience one side of his life that is left out. By using imaginary characters he can show his identity. Serat Gatholoco deserves to be studied in scientific research, in this case, researchers use postcolonial studies with qualitative research type

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Inčiuraitė, Lina. "The Meaning of Soul in Ælfric’s “Catholic Homilines”." Verbum 1 (February 6, 2010): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.2010.1.4938.

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Ælfric’s writings accurately reflect the early medieval or Anglo-Saxon deep contemplation of the universe, for Anglo-Saxon scholar’s ideas were culture-specific. Meanwhile, “Catholic Homilies” reveal the author’s personal style as well as the didactic concerns to teach his audience moral and spiritual values. In his sermons, the Anglo-Saxon abbot of Eynsham has an abiding interest in doctrinal issues namely salvation, baptism, resurrection of the body, the soul and body dualism. The abbot identified the soul with the tenet of immortality. Therefore, the analysis focuses on the meaning of soul

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Özen, Fatmanur. "On the Intermediary Effect of Organizational Policy: The Effect of Perceived Ethical Climate on Corruption Behavior of Teachers." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 8 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i8.3238.

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Employees want to benefit from more sources of the organization to achieve their own goals in the direction of individual desires, which made them rivals in the sharing of income, responsibility, and promotion regarding the organization; thus, in organizations, political processes began to appear. Perceptions of what is considered ethically correct and how ethical issues are addressed within an organization constitutes the ethical climate of the organization. According to social psychology, behaviors of the individual are the function of the psychological environment perceived by the individua

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Benelli, Beatrice, Luciano Arcuri, and Gianni Marchesini. "Cognitive and linguistic factors in the development of word definitions." Journal of Child Language 15, no. 3 (1988): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900012599.

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ABSTRACTThree studies were carried out in order to account for development of word definitions. Study i was aimed at analysing the role of class inclusion skills and age (5– and 7–year-olds and adults) in production of definitions containing superordinate categorical terms. No differences were found between 7-year-olds who had passed a class inclusion task and those who had not passed it as regards number of definitions containing superordinates, while differences were found between younger and older children and between children and adults. Study 2 was aimed at obtaining some normative criter

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Kawahara, Tetsuo. "Superordinate Superiority Effects in Word-Picture Matching Task." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 2AM—1–073–2AM—1–073. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_2am-1-073.

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Skwarchuk, Sheri-Lyn, and Jeremy M. Anglin. "Expression of superordinates in children's word definitions." Journal of Educational Psychology 89, no. 2 (1997): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.89.2.298.

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Kim, Hyung Moo, and Ji Hye Yoon. "Comparison of Performance on Superordinate Word Tasks in Elderly and Young Adults." Korean Society for Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities 20, no. 4 (2016): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.16884/jrr.2016.20.4.229.

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Folarin, Bamidele Adepeju. "Comparison of Patterns of Word Association among Three Grades of Nigerian School Children." Psychological Reports 64, no. 3 (1989): 773–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.773.

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79 Nigerian primary school children in Grades 1, 3, and 6 associated to 48 categorizable Yoruba nouns which were randomly presented. They all significantly produced more paradigmatic than syntagmatic responses. Grade 6 gave the most superordinate, temporally, spatially, and functionally related responses. Grade 3 produced the most connotative responses, and Grade 1 emitted the most descriptive responses.

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Watson, Rita. "Towards a theory of definition." Journal of Child Language 12, no. 1 (1985): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900006309.

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ABSTRACTA brief theoretical statement on definition is advanced, followed by a study of the development of definition in children aged 5;0–10;0. The empirical findings suggest that the emergence of superordinate terms in definition cannot be adequately accounted for simply by appeal to changes in underlying knowledge, or to selectional restrictions on the structure of the definiens. Rather, the development of definition can best be characterized as the gradual articulation of a conventional definitional form out of the more general forms of ordinary oral discourse. It is suggested that definit

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Rakic, Stanimir. "On metaphorical designation of humans, animals, plants and things in Serbian and English language." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 60 (2004): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0460147r.

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In this paper I examine compound names of plants, animals, human beings and other things in which at least one nominal component designates a part of the body or clothes, or some basic elements of houshold in Serbian and English. The object of my analysis are complex derivatives of the type (adjective noun) + suffix in Serbian and componds of the type noun's + noun, noun + noun and adjective + noun in English. I try to show that there is a difference in metaphorical designation of human beings and other living creatures and things by such compound nouns. My thesis is that the metathorical desi

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Robbins, Arryn, and Michael C. Hout. "Typicality guides attention during categorical search, but not universally so." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 11 (2020): 1977–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820936472.

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The degree to which an item is rated as being a typical member of its category influences an observer’s ability to find that item during word-cued search. However, there are conflicting accounts as to whether or not typicality affects attentional guidance to categorical items, or whether it affects some other aspect of the search process. In this study, we employed word-cued search and eye tracking to disentangle typicality effects on attentional guidance and target verification across differing category cue specificities (i.e., superordinate or basic-level cues), while also varying the degree

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Hardie, Andrew. "Part-of-speech ratios in English corpora." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2007): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.12.1.05har.

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Using part-of-speech (POS) tagged corpora, Hudson (1994) reports that approximately 37% of English tokens are nouns, where ‘noun’ is a superordinate category including nouns, pronouns and other word-classes. It is argued here that difficulties relating to the boundaries of Hudson’s ‘noun’ category demonstrate that there is no uncontroversial way to derive such a superordinate category from POS tagging. Decisions regarding the boundary of the ‘noun’ category have small but statistically significant effects on the ratio that emerges for ‘nouns’ as a whole. Tokenisation and categorisation differe

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Kulhánková, Markéta. "Narrative coherence in Digenes Akrites (G)." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 45, no. 2 (2021): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2021.14.

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This article argues that coherence in medieval narratives was perceived differently than it is in modern literature, offering an analysis of coherence principles in Digenes Akrites which seem to have been more relevant for its original audiences. Drawing on contemporary narratology and recent research on comparable western works, the author does not search for one sole superordinate principle, but rather for so-called structures of mid-range coherence. The article contains some examples of such ‘centres of gravity’ – the schema, the scene and the meaning – in the G version.

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Howe, Lorna, Anna Tickle, and Ian Brown. "‘Schizophrenia is a dirty word’: service users' experiences of receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia." Psychiatric Bulletin 38, no. 4 (2014): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.045179.

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Aims and methodTo explore service users' experiences of receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia and the stigma associated with the diagnostic label. Seven participants were interviewed about their perceptions of these experiences. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsFive superordinate themes resulted from the analysis: (1) avoidance of the diagnosis of schizophrenia; (2) stigma and diagnostic labels; (3) lack of understanding of schizophrenia; (4) managing stigma to maintain normality; (5) being ‘schizophrenic’. These, together with their subthemes, hi

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Ganopole, Selina J. "The Development of Word Consciousness Prior to First Grade." Journal of Reading Behavior 19, no. 4 (1987): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968709547614.

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This study investigated (a) the development of word consciousness prior to first grade and (b) the relationship between word consciousness and reading ability. Subjects were 76 children ranging in age from 3 years 2 months to 6 years 4 months. Presented with a variety of graphic displays on cards, children were required to judge which ones were “something for reading.” The imposition of conventional linguistic terminology (e.g., letter, word, sentence) was eliminated, allowing children to describe, in their own language, their perceptions of the graphic displays. Results suggest that the devel

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Muellenbach, Joanne Marie. "The Role of Reading Classic Fiction in Book Groups for People with Dementia is Better Understood through Use of a Qualitative Feasibility Study." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, no. 2 (2018): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29417.

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A Review of: Rimkeit, B.S. and Claridge, G. (2017). Peer reviewed: literary Alzheimer’s, a qualitative feasibility study of dementia-friendly book groups. New Zealand Library & Information Management Journal, 56(2), 14-22. https://figshare.com/articles/Literary_Alzheimer_s_A_qualitative_feasibility_study_of_dementia-friendly_book_groups/5715052/1  Abstract Objective – To explore how people living with dementia experience reading classic fiction in book groups and what benefits this intervention provides.  Design – Qualitative feasibility study. Setting –

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PHILIP, JOY. "(Dis)harmony, the Head-Proximate Filter, and linkers." Journal of Linguistics 49, no. 1 (2012): 165–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226712000163.

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This paper presents a notion of harmonic word order that leads to a new generalisation over the presence or absence of disharmony cross-linguistically: for linkers – syntactically independent, semantically vacuous heads marking a relationship – disharmony is ungrammatical, while for any other head disharmony is simply dispreferred. Harmony is defined here by the interaction of three independently motivated word order constraints operating over the base-generated structure: linear proximity between a superordinate lexical head and the head of its dependent, uniformity in direction of headedness

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Merten, Thomas. "Die Anwendung des Wortassoziationstests in der Gedächtnisdiagnostik bei älteren Patienten." Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie & -psychiatrie 15, no. 1 (2002): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1011-6877.15.1.1.

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Use of the Word Association Technique for Memory Assessment in Older Patients Summary: A free single-word association test (WAT) was performed with 82 older neurological patients (age range: 60 to 85 years), as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. A list of 25 items was read to the patients twice. First, free associations were obtained and then, response consistency checked immediately. The number of correct repetitions was demonstrated to correlate substantially with other indicators of verbal memory (up to 0.77), such as Wechsler's Logical Memory, Wechsler's Verbal Paired A

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McGREGOR, KARLA K., and SANDRA R. WAXMAN. "Object naming at multiple hierarchical levels: a comparison of preschoolers with and without word-finding deficits." Journal of Child Language 25, no. 2 (1998): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500099800347x.

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According to the storage hypothesis (Kail & Leonard, 1986), word-finding deficits in young children are not the direct result of deficient retrieval strategies; they are a manifestation of a general delay in language development that affects lexical storage. In the current study, we explored one aspect of lexical storage, the hierarchical organization of the semantic system, in 13 preschoolers with word-finding deficits (WF) and 13 preschoolers with normal language abilities (ND), ranging in age from 3;3 to 6;7. The children named a series of objects at multiple levels of the noun hierarch

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GIJSEL, MARTINE A. R., ELLEN A. ORMEL, DAAN HERMANS, L. VERHOEVEN, and ANNA M. T. BOSMAN. "Semantic categorization and reading skill across Dutch primary grades: development yes, relationship no." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 2 (2010): 356–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909990420.

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ABSTRACTIn the present study, the development of semantic categorization and its relationship with reading was investigated across Dutch primary grade students. Three Exemplar-level tasks (Experiment 1) and two Superordinate-level tasks (Experiment 2) with different types of distracters (phonological, semantic and perceptual) were administered to assess semantic categorization skills. Reading was measured with a standardized word-reading test. Results of both experiments demonstrated that children in the higher grades had shorter reaction times and fewer errors than children in the lower grade

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Hajduk, Jan. "The “Human-animal” Relationship in Psychological Definition Chains." Respectus Philologicus 35, no. 40 (2019): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.35.40.06.

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[full article and abstract in English] The article presents the results of research on definition chains carried out among Polish and German students. Definition chains are systematized hierarchical collections, in which the next lexeme is the superordinate of the previous one, e.g.: Alsatian wolfdog – dog – animal – living creature. The research on definition chains was initiated by R. Martin, French linguist, in the 1970s. Similar analyses were conducted in Poland and Germany 10 years later. The text draws attention to both the inclusive chains, as well as those in which the relation o

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Adnyana, I. Ketut Suar. "VARIASI LINGUISTIK BAHASA TETUN MASYARAKAT MATRILINEAL SUKU TETUN DI BELU, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR." Linguistik Indonesia 36, no. 1 (2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v36i1.74.

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This qualitative research focused on the linguistic variations of the matrilineal society of Tetun ethnic background in Belu, East Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study is to describe differences in the use of prosodic features, lexicons, and imperative sentences between men and women. The informants were determined by using a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected by means of nonparticipatory method through recording technique and interviews. The result of this study indicates that there are differences in the linguistic variations between men and women. In terms of prosodic feat

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VORANO, AGOSTINA, LETICIA VIVAS, and ANDREA MENEGOTTO. "What comes to mind first? Feature type and order of production in a property generation task." Language and Cognition 13, no. 3 (2021): 337–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2021.6.

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abstractFew studies have explored in depth the mechanisms that underlie the execution of the property generation task, in spite of its importance and wide usage. The main exception to this is Santos, Chaigneau, Simmons, and Barsalou’s (2011) research: they claim that the two mechanisms at issue are word association and situated simulation. On the basis of the Linguistic and Situated Simulation theory, these researchers assert that word association is executed by a linguistic system, whilst situated simulation is executed by a situated simulation system. From these claims, the authors derive a

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Orscheschek, Franziska, Tilo Strobach, Torsten Schubert, and Timothy Rickard. "Two retrievals from a single cue: A bottleneck persists across episodic and semantic memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 5 (2018): 1005–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818776818.

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There is evidence in the literature that two retrievals from long-term memory cannot occur in parallel. To date, however, that work has explored only the case of two retrievals from newly acquired episodic memory. These studies demonstrated a retrieval bottleneck even after dual-retrieval practice. That retrieval bottleneck may be a global property of long-term memory retrieval, or it may apply only to the case of two retrievals from episodic memory. In the current experiments, we explored whether that apparent dual-retrieval bottleneck applies to the case of one retrieval from episodic memory

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Lehmann, Christian. "Complex spatial prepositions from Latin to Castilian." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 54, no. 1 (2019): 93–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.00017.leh.

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Abstract From among the various processes that form prepositions in the history from Latin to Castilian, the investigation concentrates on the formation of prepositional adverbs like Spanish delante (de) ‘in front (of)’. There are two mechanisms for their formation: (a) An adverb or a preposition is preceded by a superordinate simple local preposition which initially specifies a local relation, but ends up as a reinforcing expansion of its base; and (b) an adverb is converted into a preposition by a following functional preposition which serves as a relationalizer. In case #a, the syntactic st

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