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Journal articles on the topic 'Superstrate processing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Cheshme Khavar, A. H., A. R. Mahjoub, and N. Taghavinia. "Low-temperature solution-based processing to 7.24% efficient superstrate CuInS2 solar cells." Solar Energy 157 (November 2017): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.053.

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2

Shaji B. K., Arun, Anju Pradeep, and P. Mohanan. "Fractal Inspired Metamaterial Superstrate for Gain Enhancement." International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) 11, no. 4 (2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v11i4.20861.

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3

McCandless, Brian E. "CdTe Solar Cells: Processing Limits and Defect Chemistry Effects on Open Circuit Voltage." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1017.

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ABSTRACTThe role of CdTe solar cell processing on the defect chemistry that limits open circuit voltage (VOC) is addressed in the thermochemical processing regimes commonly encountered in present-generation CdTe devices. The highest VOC is 0.91 V for a bulk CdTe crystal with ITO which is only marginally higher than VOC = 0.86 V obtained for polycrystalline CdTe films with CdS. Both fall ∼0.4 V short of the VOC expected for CdTe, having band gap EG = 1.5 eV. The present >16% efficient superstrate CdTe cell uses a process based on high-temperature, T > 500°C, CdTe growth on CdS, coupled wi

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4

Bergmann, R. B., T. J. Rinke, R. M. Hausner, M. Grauvogl, M. Vetter, and J. H. Werner. "Thin film solar cells on glass by transfer of monocrystalline Si films." International Journal of Photoenergy 1, no. 2 (1999): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x99000173.

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Thin film solar cells based on monocrystalline Si films are transferred to a glass superstrate. Chemical vapor deposition serves to epitaxially deposit Si on quasi-monocrystalline Si films obtained from thermal crystallization of a double layer porous Si film on a Si wafer. A separation layer that forms during this crystallization process allows one to separate the epitaxial layer on top of the quasi-monocrystalline film from the starting Si wafer. We presently achieve an independently confirmed solar cell conversion efficiency of 9:26%. Ray tracing studies in combination with electrical devic

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5

Tchafa, F. Mbanya, and H. Huang. "Microstrip patch antenna for simultaneous temperature sensing and superstrate characterization." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 10 (2019): 105009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab2213.

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6

Bearda, Twan, Ivan Gordon, Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, et al. "Thin Epitaxial Silicon Foils Using Porous-Silicon-Based Lift-Off for Photovoltaic Application." MRS Advances 1, no. 48 (2016): 3235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.314.

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ABSTRACTIn order to reduce the material cost for silicon solar cells, several research groups are investigating methods to minimize the silicon consumption for making monocrystalline silicon wafers. One promising approach is deposition of an epitaxial layer on porous silicon, followed by detachment of the layer. This contribution discusses improvements in the epitaxial wafer fabrication by optimization of the porosification process. The introduction of a layered porous silicon structure allows to independently improve both epitaxial layer quality and detachment yield. In this way, we have mana

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7

Jassim, ِAli Khalid, Malik Jasim Farhan, and Fadia Noori Hummadi Al-Nuaimy. "Enhancement of gain using a multilayer superstrate metasurface cell array with a microstrip patch antenna." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1564-1570.

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This research presents a new idea in the use of wireless communication antennas: it uses a multi-layered array of cells called a superstrate multi-layer metasurface (MTM) and is placed in front of a patch of microstrip antenna to absorb surface waves and prevent them from passing through the insulating material, which reduces the permeability of the insulator and thus improves the Antenna properties, The proposed hexagonal cell with resonators is placed on the flame resistant (FR4) substrate, with a relative permittivity of 4.3 and an area (14×14) mm2 . It was tested when the metasurface layer

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8

Ajewole, Bukola D., Pradeep Kumar, and Thomas J. O. Afullo. "A MIMO Antenna Using I-Shaped Metamaterial Superstrate with Improved Gain and Isolation for Multiband Wireless Systems." International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) 13, no. 4 (2023): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i4.23184.

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9

Bansal, Shubhra, and Michelle Chiu. "Atmospherically Processed and Stable Cs-Pb Based Perovskite Solar Cells." MRS Advances 2, no. 53 (2017): 3083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.449.

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ABSTRACTIn this work, a planar heterojunction superstrate n-i-p device based on Zn(O,S) electron transport layer and CsPbI2Br absorber material at 1.93 eV bandgap is presented. The CsPbI2Br films are deposited using a 2-step atmospheric solution deposition process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Best device with an efficiency of 12.34 % and 11.94% in reverse and forward scans respectively and stabilized power output of 12.14 mW/cm2 has been demonstrated via atmospheric solution processing with min

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10

Das, Debajyoti, and Chandralina Patra. "Wide optical gap B-doped nc-Si thin films with advanced crystallinity and conductivity on transparent flexible substrates for potential low-cost flexible electronics including nc-Si superstrate p–i–n solar cells." Materials Advances 2, no. 6 (2021): 2055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00915f.

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The current boost in flexible energy harvesting devices demands the fabrication of solar cells on non-rigid, light-weight and cheap substrates to make roll-to-roll processing technology economically viable.

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11

Salama, Sanaa, Duaa Zyoud, and Ashraf Abuelhaija. "Modeling of a Compact Dual Band and Flexible Elliptical-Shape Implantable Antenna in Multi-Layer Tissue Model." Electronics 11, no. 20 (2022): 3406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203406.

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A flexible antenna of compact size with a dual band elliptical-shape implantable is designed for biomedical purposes. The suggested antenna has an elliptical shape to be more comfortable for being implanted in human tissue. The implantable antenna is printed on RO3010 substrate with 2 mm as a thickness and 10.2 as a dielectric constant. It consists of an active planar C-shaped element and a parasitic planar inverted C-shaped element. The proposed antenna is designed with a major axis radius of 12 mm and a minor axis radius of 8 mm . It operates in dual bands: The Industrial Scientific and Medi

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12

Umair, Hassan, Tarik Bin Abdul Latef, Yoshihide Yamada, et al. "Tilted Beam Fabry–Perot Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Broadband Low Backscattering." Electronics 10, no. 3 (2021): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030267.

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Communication with low radar signature platforms requires antennas with low backscatter, to uphold the low observability attribute of the platforms. In this work, we present the design for a Fabry–Perot (F-P) cavity antenna with low monostatic radar cross section (RCS) and enhanced gain. In addition, peak radiation is tilted inthe elevation plane. This is achieved by incorporating phase gradient metasurface (PGM) with absorptive frequency selective surface (FSS). The periodic surface of metallic square loops with lumped resistors forms the absorptive surface, placed on top of a partially refle

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13

Yi, Xianjin, Lin Zhou, Shuji Hao, and Xing Chen. "Dual-Band High-Gain Shared-Aperture Antenna Integrating Fabry-Perot and Reflectarray Mechanisms." Electronics 11, no. 13 (2022): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132017.

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This work presents a dual-band high-gain shared-aperture antenna. The proposed antenna integrates both the Fabry-Perot and reflectarray mechanisms; the antenna works as a Fabry-Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) in the S-band (2.45 GHz) and as a reflectarray antenna (RA) in the X-band (10 GHz). The antenna has a simple structure made up of only two printed circuit board layers. The bottom layer acts as a source antenna, a ground plane for the FPCA, and as a reflective surface for the RA. The upper layer contains the source antenna for the RA and serves as a partially reflective superstrate for the FP

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14

Torabi, Yalda, Gholamreza Dadashzadeh, Milad Hadeie, Homayoon Oraizi, and Ali Lalbakhsh. "A Wide-Angle Scanning Sub-Terahertz Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on a Multilayer Dielectric Image Waveguide." Electronics 10, no. 17 (2021): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172172.

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This paper presents a new layered dielectric leaky-wave antenna (LWA) for the sub-terahertz (THz) frequency range capable of efficient operation at the broadside with a wide beam scanning angle and stable gain. It consists of a conductor-backed alumina dielectric image line (DIL) with two different dielectric layers mounted on top of each other for performance improvement. The upper layer is a high permittivity RO6010 substrate to enhance the directivity as a superstrate and the lower layer is a low-permittivity RT/duroid 5880 substrate stacked on the alumina DIL to prevent the probable excita

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15

Simchi, Hamed, Brian E. McCandless, T. Meng, Jonathan H. Boyle, and William N. Shafarman. "MoO3 back contact for CuInSe2-based thin film solar cells." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1018.

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ABSTRACTMoO3 films with a high work function (5.5 eV), high transparency, and a wide bandgap (3.0 - 3.4 eV) are a potential candidate for the primary back contact of Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells. This may be advantageous to form ohmic contact in superstrate devices where the back contact will be deposited after the Cu(InGa)Se2 layer and MoSe2 layer doesn’t form during Cu(InGa)Se2 deposition. In addition, the MoO3 may be incorporated in a transparent back contact in tandem or bifacial cells. In this study, MoO3 films for use as a back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells were pre

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16

Vybornov, Alexander A., Filat F. Gilyazov, Natalya S. Doga, and Marianna A. Kulkova. "Migrations in the late Neolithic – Eneolithic in the Volga-Ural region: archaeology, chronology, paleoclimate." Ufa Archaeological Herald 24, no. 4 (2024): 616–27. https://doi.org/10.31833/uav/2024.24.4.040.

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The Volga-Ural region draws attention of experts because of the Khvalynian Eneolithic spreading across this territory. Archaeologists consider autochthonous, migration and combined hypotheses for this culture. The findings of anthropological and paleogenetic analyses support the combined hypotheses. The components that comprise the basis of the Khvalynian tribes are determined in this region. The investigations in the field of natural sciences establish two components including the northern and southern hunters. Archaeologists face the problem of cultural attribution of these subjects. Analysi

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17

Lee, Jung Woo, Renxiao Xu, Seungmin Lee, et al. "Soft, thin skin-mounted power management systems and their use in wireless thermography." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 22 (2016): 6131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605720113.

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Power supply represents a critical challenge in the development of body-integrated electronic technologies. Although recent research establishes an impressive variety of options in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and generation (triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic devices), the modest electrical performance and/or the absence of soft, biocompatible mechanical properties limit their practical use. The results presented here form the basis of soft, skin-compatible means for efficient photovoltaic generation and high-capacity storage of electrical power u

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18

Parveen, Farhana, and Parveen Wahid. "Design of Miniaturized Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas for Wideband Microwave Imaging of the Head." Electronics 11, no. 14 (2022): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142258.

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Many wideband applications, e.g., microwave imaging of the head, require low-frequency (~1–6 GHz) operation using small antennas. Vivaldi antennas are extensively used in multifarious wideband applications; however, the physical dimensions of the antenna become very large for covering low-frequency bands. Hence, the miniaturization of Vivaldi antennas, while maintaining proper matching and radiation characteristics, is essential for these applications. In this work, two miniaturized Vivaldi antennas are proposed, and several miniaturization techniques are presented for reducing the size of the

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19

Gordon, Ivan, Dries Van Gestel, Yu Qiu, Srisaran Venkatachalam, Guy Beaucarne, and Jef Poortmans. "Processing and Characterization of Efficient Thin-Film Polycrystalline-Silicon Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1101 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1101-kk04-06.

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AbstractEfficient thin-film polycrystalline-silicon (pc-Si) solar cells on inexpensive substrates could substantially lower the price of photovoltaic electricity. We recently showed that good solar cells can be made from pc-Si obtained by epitaxial thickening using thermal CVD of a seed layer made by aluminium-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon. We already reported cells in substrate configuration with energy conversion efficiencies up to 8.0% for layers on ceramic alumina substrates. However, much higher efficiencies (η > 10%) are needed for this type of pc-Si solar cells t

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20

Yuan, H., Q. Ul-Islam, and H. G. Roskos. "Superstrate-lens integration using paraffin wax on top of semiconductor-based THz detector chips." Lithuanian Journal of Physics 63, no. 4 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/physics.2023.63.4.6.

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   A detector of electromagnetic radiation may benefit – if its sensor area is small – from the application of a substrate lens, which focusses the radiation onto the active sensing area of the device and thus enhances its responsivity. The use of such a lens, attached directly onto the detector backside in order to avoid reflection losses, requires that the detector substrate and backside be transparent to the radiation. However, if this is not the case, one may like to place instead a superstrate lens onto the front side of the detector. It may even be of interest to use bo

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21

Albin, D., R. Dhere, A. Swartzlander-Guest, et al. "Interface Reactions in CdTe Solar Cell Processing." MRS Proceedings 485 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-485-215.

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AbstractCurrently, the best performing CdS/CdTe solar cells use a superstrate structure in which CdTe is deposited on a heated CdS/SnO2/Glass substrate. In the close-spaced-sublimation (CSS) process, substrate temperatures in the range 550°C to 620°C are common. Understanding how these high processing temperatures impact reactions at the CdS/CdTe interface in addition to reactions between previously deposited layers is critical. At the SnO2/CdS interface we have determined that SnO2 can be susceptible to reduction, particularly in H2 ambients. Room-temperature sputtered SnO2 shows the most sus

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22

Kuliček, Jaroslav, Karel Bouzek, and Michal Carda. "An Alternative chlorine-assisted optimization of CdS/Sb2Se3 Solar Cells: Towards understanding of chlorine incorporation mechanism." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 1005, no. 176175 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.176175.

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The current strategies in the development of Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells involve fabrication and optimization of superstrate and substrate device architectures, with the preferable choice for TiO2 and CdS heterojunction layers. For CdS-based superstrate cells, several studies reported the necessity to apply CdCl2 or other metal halide-based post-deposition treatment (PDT), highlighting improvement of CdS/Sb2Se3 device efficiency. However, the need, effect, and mechanism of such PDT are very often not described. Additionally, the fact that many groups have not succeeded in demonstrating its be

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23

Abbas, A., J. W. Bowers, B. Maniscalco, et al. "Characterization of Thin Film CdTe photovoltaic materials deposited by high plasma density magnetron sputtering." MRS Proceedings 1323 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2011.835.

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ABSTRACTA new magnetron sputtering strategy is introduced that utilizes high plasma density (~5mA.cm-2) to avoid or reduce high temperature processing. The technique uses magnetrons of opposing magnetic polarity to create a “closed field” in which the plasma density is enhanced without the need for high applied Voltages. A batch system has been used which employs a rotating vertical drum as the substrate carrier and a symmetrical array of linear magnetrons. The magnetrons are fitted with target materials for each of the thin films required in the photovoltaic (PV) stack including the CdTe abso

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24

Wang, Yurui, Renxing Lin, Xiaoyu Wang, et al. "Oxidation-resistant all-perovskite tandem solar cells in substrate configuration." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37492-y.

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AbstractThe commonly-used superstrate configuration (depositing front subcell first and then depositing back subcell) in all-perovskite tandem solar cells is disadvantageous for long-term stability due to oxidizable narrow-bandgap perovskite assembled last and easily exposable to air. Here we reverse the processing order and demonstrate all-perovskite tandems in a substrate configuration (depositing back subcell first and then depositing front subcell) to bury oxidizable narrow-bandgap perovskite deep in the device stack. By using guanidinium tetrafluoroborate additive in wide-bandgap perovski

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25

Albin, D., R. Dhere, X. Wu, et al. "Perturbation of Copper Substitutional Defect Concentrations in CdS/CdTe Heterojunction Solar Cell Devices." MRS Proceedings 719 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-719-f8.34.

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AbstractThe efficacy of implementing terrestrial-based photovoltaics is dictated by trade-offs in device performance, cost, and reliability. Presently, the highest efficiency polycrystalline CdS/CdTe superstrate solar cells utilize back contacts containing copper as an intentional dopant. Accelerated stress data correlates copper diffusion from this contact with performance degradation. Degradation at the device level exhibits two characteristic modes that are influenced by CdTe surface treatments prior to contacting. Rapid degradation associated with a rapidly decreasing open-circuit voltage

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26

Xu, Menglei, Twan Bearda, Radhakrishnan Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan, et al. "Silicon heterojunction interdigitated back-contact solar cells bonded to glass with efficiency >21%." March 6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.844366.

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Previously, IMEC proposed the i2-module concept which allows to process silicon heterojunction interdigitated back-contact (SHJ-IBC) cells on thin ( < 50 μm) Si wafers at module level. This concept includes the bonding of the thin wafer early on to the module cover glass, which delivers mechanical support to the wafer and thus significantly improves the production yield. In this work, we test silicone and ethylene vinyl acetate bonding agents and prove them to be resistant to all rear side processes, including wet and plasma processes. Moreover, a lift-off process using a sacrificial SiOx l

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