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Journal articles on the topic 'Superstrate Solar Cells'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Balboul, M. R., A. Jasenek, O. Chernykh, U. Rau, and H. W. Schock. "CuGaSe2-based superstrate solar cells." Thin Solid Films 387, no. 1-2 (2001): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(00)01711-9.

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2

Prima, Eka Cahya, Anggi Datiatur Rahmat, and Andhy Setiawan. "Synthesis and fabrication of superstrate and substrate Cu2ZnSnS4/CdS thin film solar cells utilizing copper powder as local materials." Jurnal Riset dan Kajian Pendidikan Fisika 10, no. 1 (2023): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jrkpf.v10i1.234.

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Cu2ZnSnS4 is a promising material for low-cost thin-film solar cells. This paper reports a new approach to fabricating a solar cell using a Superstrate and Substrate configuration. We utilized a non-vacuum deposition process to deposit Copper Zinc Tin Sulfate (CZTS) and Cadmium Sulphate (CdS) on a glass substrate. To achieve this, we adopted the sol-gel spin coating method for CZTS and the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method for the CdS layer. The solar cell has two structures: ITO/Cu2ZnSnS4/CdS/Ag for substrate configuration and ITO/CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4/Ag for superstrate configuration. The Cu/(Zn

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3

Wu, Jing Jin, Hong Cai Wu, and Ce Zhou Zhao. "CdTe Solar Cells on Flexible Metallic Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2075.

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After reviewing the development of CdTe solar cells, the merits of superstrate and substrate configuration have been discussed. Then, the material process techniques are investigated according to their application, following with discuss at the challenges.

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4

Bala Sairam, A., Yogesh Singh, Mamta, Manoj Kumar, Sanju Rani, and V. N. Singh. "Investigation of Different Configurations in GeSe Solar Cells for Their Performance Improvement." Journal of Nanomaterials 2023 (January 4, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9266072.

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Thin-film-based photovoltaics offer affordable solar panels (high energy output per unit cost). Various materials have been used for thin-film solar cells, and still, new materials are being tested. In this work, the overall performance of GeSe is enhanced theoretically from a generic solar structure to a configuration that yields a whopping 33.12% efficiency along with an open circuit voltage of 1.04 V by optimizing various active layers using solar cell capacitance simulator SCAPS. The results have been explained most simply, utilizing the physics behind introducing hole transport layers in

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5

Yan, Rongjing, Li Kang, Yuxiu Sun, and Jingbo Zhang. "Solution-processed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film with mixed solvent and its application in superstrate structure solar cells." RSC Advances 8, no. 21 (2018): 11469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01095a.

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6

Yin, Yunfeng, Nasim Sahraei, Selvaraj Venkataraj, et al. "Light Scattering and Current Enhancement for Microcrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Aluminium-Induced Texture Glass Superstrates with Double Texture." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/358276.

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Microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) thin-film solar cells are processed on glass superstrates having both micro- and nanoscale surface textures. The microscale texture is realised at the glass surface, using the aluminium-induced texturing (AIT) method, which is an industrially feasible process enabling a wide range of surface feature sizes (i.e., 700 nm–3 μm) of the textured glass. The nanoscale texture is made by conventional acid etching of the sputter-deposited transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The influence of the resulting “double texture” on the optical scattering is investigated by me

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7

Golobostanfard, Mohammad Reza, and Hossein Abdizadeh. "All solution processable graded CIGS solar cells fabricated using electrophoretic deposition." RSC Advances 6, no. 14 (2016): 11903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26315h.

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8

Nguyen, Duy-Cuong, Kenji Takehara, Toshihiro Ryo, and Seigo Ito. "Back Contact Materials for Superstrate CuInS2 Solar Cells." Energy Procedia 10 (2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.10.151.

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9

Sahraei, Nasim, Selvaraj Venkataraj, Premachandran Vayalakkara, and Armin G. Aberle. "Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Films and Solar Cell Precursors Using the Aluminum-Induced Glass Texturing Method." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/842891.

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One of the key issues of thin-film silicon solar cells is their limited optical absorptance due to the thin absorber layer and the low absorption coefficient for near-infrared wavelengths. Texturing of one or more interfaces in the layered structure of these cells is an important technique to scatter light and enhance the optical pathlength. This in turn enhances the optical absorption of the solar radiation in the absorber layer and improves the solar cell efficiency. In this paper we investigate the effects of textured glass superstrate surfaces on the optical absorptance of intrinsic a-Si:H

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10

Hernández-Gutiérrez, C. A., O. Vigil Galán, S. Melo, E. Rodriguez, and Yu Kudriavtsev. "The role of SnO2 high resistivity transparent layer deposited onto commercial conducting glass as front contact in superstrate configuration thin films solar cells technology: influence of the deposition technique." Revista Mexicana de Física 65, no. 5 Sept-Oct (2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.65.554.

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The deposition of a high resistivity transparent (HRT) oxide between a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and the window CdS has demonstrated the improvement of performance of CdS/CdTe solar cells, fabricated in the superstrate-configuration. In this work the influence of the pneumatic spray pyrolysis (PSP) and magnetron sputtering techniques on the properties TCO/SnO2/CdS structure through the deposition of the intermediate SnO2 between the commercial conducting glass and CdS window is presented by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and co

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11

Aliyu, M. M., M. A. Islam, N. R. Hamzah, et al. "Recent Developments of Flexible CdTe Solar Cells on Metallic Substrates: Issues and Prospects." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/351381.

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This study investigates the key issues in the fabrication of CdTe solar cells on metallic substrates, their trends, and characteristics as well as effects on solar cell performance. Previous research works are reviewed while the successes, potentials, and problems of such technology are highlighted. Flexible solar cells offer several advantages in terms of production, cost, and application over glass-based types. Of all the metals studied as substrates for CdTe solar cells, molybdenum appears the most favorable candidate, while close spaced sublimation (CSS), electrodeposition (ED), magnetic s

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12

Londhe, Priyanka U., Ashwini B. Rohom, and Nandu B. Chaure. "CuInSe2 thin film solar cells prepared by low-cost electrodeposition techniques from a non-aqueous bath." RSC Advances 5, no. 109 (2015): 89635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18315d.

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Highly crystalline and stoichiometric CIS thin films have been electrodeposited from non-aqueous bath at temperature 130 °C. Superstrate solar cell structure (FTO/CdS/CIS/Au) exhibited 4.5% power conversion efficiency.

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13

Luo, Miao, Meiying Leng, Xinsheng Liu, et al. "Thermal evaporation and characterization of superstrate CdS/Sb2Se3 solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 104, no. 17 (2014): 173904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4874878.

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14

Rechid, J., A. Kampmann, and R. Reineke-Koch. "Characterising superstrate CIS solar cells with electron beam induced current." Thin Solid Films 361-362 (February 2000): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00793-2.

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15

Heinemann, M. D., D. Greiner, T. Unold, et al. "The Importance of Sodium Control in CIGSe Superstrate Solar Cells." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5, no. 1 (2015): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2014.2360332.

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16

Lai, Chung-Kuan, and Yi-Cheng Lin. "Numerical Investigation and Device Architecture Optimization of Sb2Se3 Thin-Film Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D." Materials 17, no. 24 (2024): 6203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246203.

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Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) shows promise for photovoltaics due to its favorable properties and low toxicity. However, current Sb2Se3 solar cells exhibit efficiencies significantly below their theoretical limits, primarily due to interface recombination and non-optimal device architectures. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cells using SCAPS-1D simulation software, focusing on device architecture optimization and interface engineering. We systematically analyzed device configurations (substrate and superstrate), hole-transport layer (HTL) mate

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17

Isabella, O., S. Solntsev, D. Caratelli, and M. Zeman. "3-D optical modeling of single and multi-junction thin-film silicon solar cells on gratings." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.897.

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ABSTRACTThree-dimensional (3-D) optical modeling based on Finite Element Method of single, double, and triple junction thin-film silicon solar cells is presented. The combination of front periodic gratings with optimal geometrical parameters and rear ZnO/Ag reflector constitutes an efficient light trapping scheme for solar cells in superstrate (pin) configuration. The application of optimized trapezoidal 1-D and 2-D gratings resulted in 25.5% (1-D case) and 32.5% (2-D case) increase in photo-current density with respect to the flat solar cell. The application of inverted pyramidal 2-D gratings

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18

Cho, Jin Woo, Se Jin Park, Woong Kim, and Byoung Koun Min. "Fabrication of nanocrystal ink based superstrate-type CuInS2thin film solar cells." Nanotechnology 23, no. 26 (2012): 265401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/26/265401.

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19

Vigil-Galán, O., D. Jiménez-Olarte, G. Contreras-Puente, and Maykel Courel. "SnO2buffer layer deposition for thin film solar cells with superstrate configuration." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 7, no. 1 (2015): 013115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4906983.

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20

Larsen, J. K., H. Simchi, P. Xin, K. Kim, and W. N. Shafarman. "Backwall superstrate configuration for ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 104, no. 3 (2014): 033901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4862651.

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21

Haug, F. J., M. Krejci, H. Zogg, A. N. Tiwari, M. Kirsch, and S. Siebentritt. "Characterization of CuGa x Se y /ZnO for superstrate solar cells." Thin Solid Films 361-362 (February 2000): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00780-4.

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22

Haug, F. J., D. Rudmann, H. Zogg, and A. N. Tiwari. "Light soaking effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 superstrate solar cells." Thin Solid Films 431-432 (May 2003): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(03)00187-1.

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23

Heinemann, M. D., F. Ruske, D. Greiner, et al. "Advantageous light management in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 superstrate solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 150 (June 2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2016.02.005.

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24

Kim, Ka-Hyun, Samir Kasouit, Erik V. Johnson, and Pere Roca i Cabarrocas. "Substrate versus superstrate configuration for stable thin film silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 119 (December 2013): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2013.05.045.

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25

Amin, Nowshad, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, and Zeid Abdullah ALOthman. "Optical Losses of Frontal Layers in Superstrate CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Using OPAL2." Coatings 11, no. 8 (2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080943.

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In this paper, optical losses in CdS/CdTe solar cells are calculated on the basis of the designated reflective index of various frontal layers using an OPAL2 calculator for the first time. Two types of glass (0.1 mm ultra-thin Schott and 1.1 mm standard borosilicate glass) were assumed to be coated by different Transparent-Conducting-Oxides (TCOs) such as SnO2:F, ZnO:Al, and ITO forming frontal layers for CdS/CdTe solar cells in superstrate configuration. Absorption, reflectance, transmittance, and consequently optical bandgap energies are calculated as a function of common thicknesses, used i

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26

de Jong, M. M., J. K. Rath, and R. E. I. Schropp. "Very Thin Micromorph Tandem Solar Cells Deposited at Low Substrate Temperature." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.860.

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ABSTRACTAs an alternative to crystalline silicon or thin film solar cells on rigid glass substrates, we aim to fabricate amorphous silicon (a-Si)/nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) tandem thin film solar cells on cheap flexible substrates. We have chosen polycarbonate as the superstrate and adapted the a-Si and nc-Si deposition processes for deposition at a maximum temperature of 130°. Because a-Si deposited at low temperatures has a high band gap, we were able to fabricate very thin (<1.2 μm) a-Si/nc-Si solar cells, because the high band gap of the a-Si shifts the current generation more towa

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27

Dore, Jonathon, Rhett Evans, Bonne D. Eggleston, Sergey Varlamov, and Martin A. Green. "Intermediate Layers for Thin-Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells on Glass Formed by Diode Laser Crystallization." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.866.

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ABSTRACTIntermediate layers between silicon and borosilicate glass are investigated for compatibility with a diode laser crystallization technique for fabrication of thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cells. SiCx, SiNx and SiOx layers or multilayer stacks of these materials have allowed silicon films of 10μm thickness to be successfully crystallized by diode laser irradiation without dewetting, with each option offering different advantages. SiCx allows the most robust crystallization process, while SiOx is the best barrier to contamination and the most stable layer. SiNx offers the best

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28

Bergmann, R. B., T. J. Rinke, R. M. Hausner, M. Grauvogl, M. Vetter, and J. H. Werner. "Thin film solar cells on glass by transfer of monocrystalline Si films." International Journal of Photoenergy 1, no. 2 (1999): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x99000173.

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Thin film solar cells based on monocrystalline Si films are transferred to a glass superstrate. Chemical vapor deposition serves to epitaxially deposit Si on quasi-monocrystalline Si films obtained from thermal crystallization of a double layer porous Si film on a Si wafer. A separation layer that forms during this crystallization process allows one to separate the epitaxial layer on top of the quasi-monocrystalline film from the starting Si wafer. We presently achieve an independently confirmed solar cell conversion efficiency of 9:26%. Ray tracing studies in combination with electrical devic

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29

Payno, David, Samrana Kazim, Manuel Salado, and Shahzada Ahmad. "Sulfurization temperature effects on crystallization and performance of superstrate CZTS solar cells." Solar Energy 224 (August 2021): 1136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.06.038.

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30

Nghiem, Bernard, and David Le Bellac. "Transparent conducting oxides superstrate for thin film solar cells: an industrial prospective." International Journal of Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (2009): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2009.026746.

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31

Myong, Seung Yeop, La Sun Jeon, and Seong Won Kwon. "Superstrate type flexible thin-film Si solar cells using flexible glass substrates." Thin Solid Films 550 (January 2014): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.039.

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32

Cheshme Khavar, A. H., A. R. Mahjoub, and N. Taghavinia. "Low-temperature solution-based processing to 7.24% efficient superstrate CuInS2 solar cells." Solar Energy 157 (November 2017): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.053.

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33

Franckevičius, Marius, Vidas Pakštas, Giedrė Grincienė, et al. "Efficiency improvement of superstrate CZTSSe solar cells processed by spray pyrolysis approach." Solar Energy 185 (June 2019): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.072.

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34

Ryo, Toshihiro, Duy-Cuong Nguyen, Motohito Nakagiri, Noriaki Toyoda, Hiroaki Matsuyoshi, and Seigo Ito. "Characterization of superstrate type CuInS2 solar cells deposited by spray pyrolysis method." Thin Solid Films 519, no. 21 (2011): 7184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.12.176.

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35

Ye, Jian Min. "Efficiency Organic/Inorganic Composite Thin Film Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.3.

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The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates

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36

Vehse, Martin, Stefan Geißendörfer, Tobias Voss, et al. "Investigation on Nanorod TCO Light-trapping for a-Si:H Solar Cells in Superstrate Configuration." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1017.

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ABSTRACTLight trapping due to rough transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surfaces is a common and industrially applied technique in thin film silicon solar cells. In this study, we demonstrate a novel light trapping solution using electrochemically deposited, highly doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays which goes beyond standard light management concepts. The n-doped ZnO rods enable the application as front electrode in superstrate configuration. We explain our experimental results by multidimensional solar cell simulations and show how the nanorod array geometry influences the cell performance

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37

Liu, Jun-Chin, Chen-Cheng Lin, Yu-Hung Chen, et al. "Enhancing Light-Trapping Properties of Amorphous Si Thin-Film Solar Cells Containing High-Reflective Silver Conductors Fabricated Using a Nonvacuum Process." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/627127.

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We proposed a low-cost and highly reflective liquid organic sheet silver conductor using back contact reflectors in amorphous silicon (a-Si) single junction superstrate configuration thin-film solar cells produced using a nonvacuum screen printing process. A comparison of silver conductor samples with vacuum-system-sputtered silver samples indicated that the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of sheet silver conductor cells was higher than 1.25 mA/cm2. Using external quantum efficiency measurements, the sheet silver conductor using back contact reflectors in cells was observed to effectively

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38

Olivares, Antonio J., Ismael Cosme, Maria Elena Sanchez-Vergara, et al. "Nanostructural Modification of PEDOT:PSS for High Charge Carrier Collection in Hybrid Frontal Interface of Solar Cells." Polymers 11, no. 6 (2019): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061034.

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In this work, we propose poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) material to form a hybrid heterojunction with amorphous silicon-based materials for high charge carrier collection at the frontal interface of solar cells. The nanostructural characteristics of PEDOT:PSS layers were modified using post-treatment techniques via isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated conformational changes and nanostructural reorganization in the surface of the polymer in order to tailor hybrid interf

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39

Sun, Nan Hai. "Efficiency Inorganic Thin Film Solar Cells with Flexible Substrate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.686.

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The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates

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40

Wu, Qian Qiong, and Xiao Ying Chang. "High Performance Flexible Solar Cells with CdTe Thin Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1754.

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The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates

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41

Jäger, Klaus, Grit Köppel, Martin Hammerschmidt, Sven Burger, and Christiane Becker. "On accurate simulations of thin-film solar cells with a thick glass superstrate." Optics Express 26, no. 2 (2017): A99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.000a99.

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42

Grunsky, D., M. Kupich, and B. Schröder. "Optimisation of superstrate solar cells entirely prepared by HWCVD at low substrate temperature." Thin Solid Films 501, no. 1-2 (2006): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.07.219.

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43

Osada, Shintaro, Yasuhiro Abe, Takaya Anegawa, Takashi Minemoto, and Hideyuki Takakura. "Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with superstrate structure using lift-off process." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95, no. 1 (2011): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.03.033.

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44

Minemoto, Takashi, Shinya Harada, and Hideyuki Takakura. "Cu(In,Ga)Se2 superstrate-type solar cells with Zn1−xMgxO buffer layers." Current Applied Physics 12, no. 1 (2012): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2011.05.030.

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45

Boccard, Mathieu, Matthieu Despeisse, and Christophe Ballif. "Innovative Device Architecture for High Efficiency Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.889.

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ABSTRACTThe challenge for all photovoltaic technologies is to maximize light absorption, convert photons with minimal losses to electrical charges and efficiently extract them towards the electrical circuit. For thin film silicon solar cells, a compromise must be found as light trapping is usually performed through textured interfaces, that are detrimental to the subsequent growth of dense and high quality silicon layers. We introduce here the concept of smoothening intermediate reflecting layers (IRL), enabling to combine high currents and good electrical quality in Micromorph devices in the

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46

Bearda, Twan, Ivan Gordon, Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, et al. "Thin Epitaxial Silicon Foils Using Porous-Silicon-Based Lift-Off for Photovoltaic Application." MRS Advances 1, no. 48 (2016): 3235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.314.

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ABSTRACTIn order to reduce the material cost for silicon solar cells, several research groups are investigating methods to minimize the silicon consumption for making monocrystalline silicon wafers. One promising approach is deposition of an epitaxial layer on porous silicon, followed by detachment of the layer. This contribution discusses improvements in the epitaxial wafer fabrication by optimization of the porosification process. The introduction of a layered porous silicon structure allows to independently improve both epitaxial layer quality and detachment yield. In this way, we have mana

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47

Delahoy, Alan E., Shou Peng, Payal Patra, et al. "Cadmium Tin Oxide and Zinc Magnesium Oxide Prepared by Hollow Cathode Sputtering for CdTe Photovoltaics." MRS Advances 2, no. 53 (2017): 3203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.407.

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ABSTRACTThis work reports the fabrication and characterization of superstrate-type Zn1-xMgxO/CdTe heterojunction solar cells on both CdxSnyO and commercial SnO2:F transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in which the ZMO and CTO layers are produced for the first time by hollow cathode sputtering. The sputtering is conducted in a reactive mode using metal or alloyed metal targets fitted to a custom-made linear cathode. It is notable that the CdS buffer layer conventionally employed in CdTe solar cells is entirely replaced by the ZMO window layer. The use of ZMO is found to eliminate the blue loss a

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48

Pereyra, Carlos J., Yesica Di Iorio, Mariana Berruet, Marcela Vazquez, and Ricardo E. Marotti. "Carrier recombination and transport dynamics in superstrate solar cells analyzed by modeling the intensity modulated photoresponses." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 36 (2019): 20360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04256c.

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Ito, Seigo, Noriyuki Kitagawa, Takahiro Shibahara, and Hitoshi Nishino. "Electrochemical Deposition of Te and Se on Flat TiO2for Solar Cell Application." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/943538.

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Te and Se layers were deposited on〈glass/FTO/flat-TiO2〉by electrochemical deposition. The Te-Se-stacked layer was annealed at 200°C, and then, the migration of Te into the Se layer by annealing was confirmed using auger electron spectroscopy (AES), which was performed by Te doping on the Se layer. Au back contact was coated by vacuum deposition on the Te-doped Se layer, resulting in superstrate-structured solar cells of〈glass/FTO/flat-TiO2/Se-doped Te/Au〉with a 0.50 V open-circuit voltage, 6.4 mA/cm2photocurrent density, 0.36 fill factor, and 1.17% conversion efficiency.

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Houshmand, Mohammad, and M. Hossein Zandi. "Modeling of optical losses in graphene contacted CIGS solar cells." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 27 (2016): 1650342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503425.

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For the first time, an optical model is applied to superstrate configuration of CdS/CIGS thin film solar cells with graphene front/back contact (FC/BC) to simulate the loss in current density and efficiency. Graphene shows to be a great candidate to replace with the metallic BC transparent conductive oxides as the front electrode. Our model is based on the refractive index and extinction coefficient and takes into account the reflection and absorption in interfaces and layer’s thickness, respectively. CIGS cells with graphene as front electrode have a lower current density and efficiency than

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