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Journal articles on the topic 'Supination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

GSCHWIND, C., and M. TONKIN. "Surgery for Cerebral Palsy: Part 1. Classification and Operative Procedures for Pronation Deformity." Journal of Hand Surgery 17, no. 4 (August 1992): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80260-8.

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32 patients with cerebral palsy underwent operations for pronation deformity. The deformity is classified into four groups. Patients in group 1 are capable of supination beyond neutral. No surgery is necessary. Those in group 2 are able to supinate to the neutral position. A pronator quadratus release is advised and may be combined with a flexor aponeurotic release. In group 3, patients have no active supination. However a full range of passive supination is readily achieved. A pronator teres transfer is advised. Patients in group 4 have no active supination. Full passive supination may be present, but is tight. A flexor aponeurotic release and a pronator quadratus release may unmask active supinator activity. An active transfer for supination is possible as a secondary procedure.
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2

ROUKOZ, S., N. NACCACHE, and G. SLEILATY. "The Role of the Musculocutaneous and Radial Nerves in Elbow Flexion and Forearm Supination: A Biomechanical Study." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408087036.

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The intention of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of the musculocutaneous and radial nerves in elbow flexion and forearm supination. The study included 29 patients having loco-regional anaesthesia for minor hand surgery. Elbow flexion and forearm supination forces were evaluated before and after an isolated musculocutaneous nerve block in one group and an isolated radial nerve block in another group. The results showed that the biceps tendon is responsible for 47% of the forearm supination force and the combination of brachioradialis and the supinator for 64% of this force. It showed also that the musculocutaneous and radial nerves contribute by 42% and 27.5%, respectively, to the flexion force of the elbow. These results are intended to help surgeons in decision making when treating chronic biceps tendon rupture, in repair of traumatic brachial plexus neuropathy and in using tendon transfers, such as the Steindler transfer, around the elbow.
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3

EBERHARD, D. "Transposition of the Bicipital Tuberosity for Treatment of Fixed Supination Contracture in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Lesions." Journal of Hand Surgery 22, no. 2 (April 1997): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80077-0.

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In nine patients with obstetric brachial plexus lesions (Klumpke type), an impingement of the bicipital tuberosity on the ulna was the main cause for the forearm and hand to be fixed in supination. A surgical technique using reinsertion of the biceps tendon on the bicipital tuberosity is described in detail. It has substantially improved all patients. After a mean follow-up of 29.4 months the hand was in a more functional position than preoperatively in all patients. In seven cases pronation could be increased by contraction of the biceps muscle. By relaxing the biceps muscle and by contraction of the supinator muscle a limited active supination was possible in six cases.
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4

Bellringer, Simon F., Joideep Phadnis, Taaibos Human, Christine L. Redmond, and Gregory I. Bain. "Biomechanical comparison of transosseous cortical button and Footprint repair techniques for acute distal biceps tendon ruptures." Shoulder & Elbow 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573218815312.

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Background The biceps brachii is the main forearm supinator, which is a direct consequence of its anatomic arrangement. The primary aim of distal biceps rupture is to restore supination strength and function. Cadaveric studies demonstrate that anatomic repairs significantly improve the supination moment when compared to more anterior repairs; however, this has not been tested in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical and clinical outcomes of an anatomic repair (Footprint), with a widely used transosseous technique (Endobutton). Methods Twenty-two patients were retrospectively identified from a clinical database (11 Footprint versus 11 Endobutton). Biomechanical performance of strength and endurance for flexion and supination was assessed using a validated isokinetic dynamometry protocol and clinical outcome scores (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score) were collected for all patients. Results For supination, the Footprint group demonstrated a superior trend for all biomechanical parameters tested. This was statistically significant for mean peak torque, total work of maximal repetition and work in the last third of repetitive testing (p = 0.031, p = 0.036 and p = 0.048). For flexion, the Footprint group demonstrated a superior trend for all biomechanical parameters tested but this was only statistically significant for work in the last third of repetitive testing (p = 0.039). The clinical outcomes were good or excellent for all patients in both groups. Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate that an anatomic Footprint repair restores superior biomechanical supination strength and endurance compared to a conventional Endobutton technique in a clinical setting. Both techniques, however, provide good or excellent clinical outcomes.
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5

El Amiri, Laëla, Yuka Igeta, Chiara Pizza, Sybille Facca, Juan José Hidalgo Diaz, and Liverneaux Philippe. "Distal radius fluoroscopic skyline view: extension–supination versus flexion–supination." European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 29, no. 3 (October 29, 2018): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-018-2335-3.

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6

Chan, Yue-Yan, Daniel Tik-Pui Fong, Patrick Shu-Hang Yung, Kwai-Yau Fung, and Kai-Ming Chan. "A mechanical supination sprain simulator for studying ankle supination sprain kinematics." Journal of Biomechanics 41, no. 11 (August 2008): 2571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.05.034.

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7

Griffiths, Ian B., and Islay M. McEwan. "Reliability of a New Supination Resistance Measurement Device and Validation of the Manual Supination Resistance Test." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 102, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1020278.

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Background: Kinematic observations are inconsistent in predicting lower-extremity injury risk, and research suggests that kinetic variables may be more important in this regard. Before kinetics can be prospectively investigated, we need reliable ways of measuring them clinically. A measurement instrument was manufactured that closely mirrors a manual test used to clinically estimate supination resistance force. The reliability of the instrument and the validity of the clinical test were investigated. Methods: The left feet of 26 healthy individuals (17 men and 9 women; mean ± SD age, 25.9 ± 9.2 years; mean ± SD weight, 77.7 ± 13.3 kg) were assessed. Foot Posture Index (FPI-6), manual supination resistance, and machine supination resistance were measured. Intrarater and interrater reliability of all of the measurements were calculated. Correlations of the supination resistance measured by the device with FPI-6, the manual supination resistance test, and body weight were investigated. Results: Interrater reliability of all of the measurements was generally poor. The supination resistance machine correlated highly with the manual supination test for the rater experienced with its use. Supination resistance measurements correlated poorly with the FPI-6 and weakly with body weight. Conclusions: The supination resistance machine was shown to have sufficient limits of agreement for the study, but improvements need to be made for more meaningful research going forward. In this study, the force required to supinate a foot was independent of its posture, and approximately 12% of it was explained by body weight. Further work is required with a much larger sample size to build regression models that sufficiently predict supination resistance force and that will be of clinical use. The manual supination test is a valid clinical test for clinicians experienced in its use. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(4): 278–289, 2012)
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8

Kramer, John F., Deborah Nusca, Leslie Bisbee, Joy MacDermid, Debora Kemp, and Sally Boley. "Forearm Pronation and Supination." Journal of Hand Therapy 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-1130(12)80036-6.

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9

Ploegmakers, Joris, Bertram The, Allan Wang, Mike Brutty, and Tim Ackland. "Supination and Pronation Strength Deficits Persist at 2-4 Years after Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures." Hand Surgery 20, no. 03 (September 21, 2015): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810415500355.

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Forearm rotation is a key function in the upper extremity. Following distal radius fracture, residual disability may occur in tasks requiring forearm rotation. The objectives of this study are to define pronation and supination strength profiles tested through the range of forearm rotation in normal individuals, and to evaluate the rotational strength profiles and rotational strength deficits across the testing range in a cohort of patients treated for distal radius fracture associated with an ulnar styloid base fracture. In a normative cohort of 29 subjects the supination strength profile showed an increasing linear relationship from supination to pronation. Twelve subjects were evaluated 2-4 years after anatomical open reduction and volar plate fixation of a distal radius fracture. The injured wrist was consistently weaker (corrected for hand dominance) in both supination and pronation strength in all testing positions, with the greatest loss in 60 degrees supination. Mean supination strength loss across all testing positions was significantly correlated with worse PRWE scores, highlighting the importance of supination in wrist function.
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10

El Amiri, Laëla, Yuka Igeta, Chiara Pizza, Sybille Facca, Juan José Hidalgo Diaz, and Philippe Liverneaux. "Correction to: Distal radius fluoroscopic skyline view: extension–supination versus flexion–supination." European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 29, no. 5 (January 4, 2019): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-018-02361-8.

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11

Fan, Stacy, Jeremy Cepek, Caitlin Symonette, Douglas Ross, Shrikant Chinchalkar, and Aaron Grant. "Variation of Grip Strength and Wrist Range of Motion with Forearm Rotation in Healthy Young Volunteers Aged 23 to 30." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 11, no. 02 (December 24, 2018): 088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676134.

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Abstract Background Grip strength and wrist range of motion (ROM) are important metrics used to evaluate hand rehabilitation and outcomes of wrist interventions. Published normative data on these metrics do not recognize the contribution of forearm rotation. This study aims to identify and quantify variations in grip strength and wrist ROM with forearm rotation in healthy young individuals. Materials and Methods Wrist ROM and grip strength were measured in 30 healthy volunteers aged 23 to 30. Participant demographics, grip strength, and wrist ROM (wrist flexion and extension, ulnar and radial deviation) at three forearm positions (full supination, neutral, and full pronation) were measured using a digital dynamometer and standard goniometers. Data analysis was conducted using a one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Forearm position values were compared using post hoc analysis. Results Grip strength in males was greatest in neutral position (males: nondominant 51.4 kg, dominant 56.1 kg) followed by supination (males: nondominant 46.6 kg, dominant 51.7 kg) and weakest in pronation (males: nondominant 40.1 kg, dominant 42.9 kg). Grip strength in females was similar between supination (nondominant: 26.1 kg, dominant: 28.5 kg) and neutral (nondominant: 27.4 kg, dominant: 29.1 kg) positions, but both were greater than in pronation (nondominant: 22.3 kg, dominant: 24.1 kg). Wrist flexion in males was significantly reduced in supination compared with neutral and pronated positions (nondominant: supination 63.1°, neutral 72.6°, pronation 73.3°; dominant: supination 62.4°, neutral 70.2°, pronation 70.3°), whereas not significant wrist flexion in females was also weaker in supination (supination 74.4°, neutral 79.9°). Wrist extension in males was greater in pronation (supination 64.6°, pronation 69.5°) whereas females showed no significant difference in any of the forearm positions. Ulnar deviation in males did not differ with forearm position, but females demonstrated greater ulnar deviation in supination on the nondominant hand (supination 44.6°, pronation 33.2°). Whereas there was no difference in radial deviation with forearm position in females, it was markedly greater in pronation versus supination on both sides in males (nondominant: supination 16.3°, pronation 24.6°; dominant: supination 15.4°, pronation 23.9°). Conclusion This study characterizes variations in grip strength and wrist ROM in three forearm positions in healthy young individuals. All measurements differed with forearm rotation and were not influenced by hand dominance. These results suggest that wrist ROM and grip strength should be evaluated in different positions of forearm rotation, rather than a fixed position. This has functional implications particularly in patients involved with specialized activities such as sports, instrument-playing, or work-related activities.
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12

Sindhurakar, Anil, Samuel D. Butensky, Eric Meyers, Joshua Santos, Thelma Bethea, Ashley Khalili, Andrew P. Sloan, Robert L. Rennaker, and Jason B. Carmel. "An Automated Test of Rat Forelimb Supination Quantifies Motor Function Loss and Recovery After Corticospinal Injury." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 31, no. 2 (August 20, 2016): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968316662528.

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Background. Rodents are the primary animal model of corticospinal injury and repair, yet current behavioral tests do not show the large deficits after injury observed in humans. Forearm supination is critical for hand function and is highly impaired by corticospinal injury in both humans and rats. Current tests of rodent forelimb function do not measure this movement. Objective. To determine if quantification of forelimb supination in rats reveals large-scale functional loss and partial recovery after corticospinal injury. Methods. We developed a knob supination device that quantifies supination using automated and objective methods. Rats in a reaching box have to grasp and turn a knob in supination in order to receive a food reward. Performance on this task and the single pellet reaching task were measured before and after 2 manipulations of the pyramidal tract: a cut lesion of 1 pyramid and inactivation of motor cortex using 2 different drug doses. Results. A cut lesion of the corticospinal tract produced a large deficit in supination. In contrast, there was no change in pellet retrieval success. Supination function recovered partially over 6 weeks after injury, and a large deficit remained. Motor cortex inactivation produced a dose-dependent loss of knob supination; the effect on pellet reaching was more subtle. Conclusions. The knob supination task reveals in rodents 3 signature hand function changes observed in humans with corticospinal injury: (1) large-scale loss with injury, (2) partial recovery in the weeks after injury, and (3) loss proportional to degree of dysfunction.
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13

Mojica, Jose Alvin P., Ryuichi Nakamura, Yoshiaki Yamada, and Ichiro Tsuji. "Effect of Reaction Time Condition on EMG Activities of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Elbow Flexion and Forearm Supination." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 3 (December 1988): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.3.807.

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Under simple- and choice-RT conditions, the biceps brachii muscle was examined in 8 healthy male subjects to determine how the temporal and spatial characteristics of elbow flexion and forearm supination differed at the initial phase of EMG activity and whether preparation or the presence of response uncertainty influenced the EMG outputs of the two movements. In the simple-RT condition, RT of supination was significantly faster than that of flexion but EMG activity of supination was less than that of flexion. In contrast, in the choice-RT condition, RT of flexion was significantly faster than that of supination but EMG activity of flexion was significantly reduced compared to supination. These findings indicate that advanced preparation or motor set facilitates the differentiation of RTs and EMG activities of the response movements and that response uncertainty causes a significant change in the temporal and spatial specificity of both elbow flexion and forearm supination.
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14

Suzuki, Taku, Toshiyasu Nakamura, Yoshihiko Tanino, Yukihiko Obara, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa, and Takuji Iwamoto. "Acute blocking of forearm supination secondary to tearing of the triangular fibrocartilage complex." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 45, no. 9 (May 29, 2020): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193420926104.

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We studied the characteristics of acute blocking of supination of the distal radioulnar joint caused by triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries. Twenty-four patients who were treated for acute blocking of supination were retrospectively assessed. Supination was suddenly blocked after minor trauma to the wrist. Active and passive supination was severely restricted with a mean preoperative range of motion (11°), whereas pronation was almost normal. The cause was identified arthroscopically or at open operation. It was found to be a result of avulsion of the dorsal or palmar portion of the radioulnar ligament, which blocked movement of the ulnar head. Blocking was reduced manually in four cases, by arthroscopic surgery in eight cases and by open surgery in 12 cases. After treatment, forearm supination improved to 84° of the mean range of motion. Distal radioulnar joint blocking from a ruptured triangular fibrocartilage complex should be considered in the differential diagnosis of loss of forearm supination. Level of evidence: IV
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15

Hosokawa, Toru, Ryuichi Nakamura, and Yoshiaki Yamada. "Movement Precuing Altered Reaction Time of Elbow Flexion and Forearm Supination." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 3 (December 1987): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.799.

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Electromyographic reaction time (EMG-RT) of the biceps brachii muscle for elbow flexion and forearm supination was investigated in 10 healthy subjects under two conditions of movement precuing and nonprecuing with a constant foreperiod. Analysis showed that the precuing significantly reduced EMG-RT of both movements, especially the supination, and confirmed previous finding that the supination had an advantage in initiation over the flexion when the movement pattern was prepared in advance. When not prepared, on the contrary, EMG-RT of supination significantly prolonged as compared with flexion.
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Kasai, Tatsuya, and Tomoyoshi Komiyama. "EMG-Reaction Time of the Biceps Brachii in Bilateral Simultaneous Motions." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.455.

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EMG-RTs of the biceps brachii muscles were measured using electromyogram (EMG) in elbow flexion and forearm supination on 18 right-and 24 left-handed subjects for four tasks, flexion or supination (symmetrical) and flexion of one and supination of the other side (asymmetrical). For both subject groups, the EMG-RTs of flexion for both hands were not prolonged under asymmetrical tasks, but the EMG-RTs of supination were significantly prolonged on both sides. Comparing the coefficients of determination of the EMG-RTs of flexion to those of supination under four different tasks, those of the preferred hand for symmetrical and asymmetrical motions did not differ, but those of the nonpreferred side for asymmetrical motions were smaller than those for symmetrical motions in both subjects. These observations indicated prolongation of EMG-RT on the asymmetrical task was larger on supination than on flexion. It was suggested that the influence of strong timing constraints was greater on the auxiliary function than on the innate function of the biceps (elbow flexor). The steadiness of motor function of the preferred hand was also discussed in regard to hand preference.
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17

Fong, Daniel Tik-Pui, Youlian Hong, Yosuke Shima, Tron Krosshaug, Patrick Shu-Hang Yung, and Kai-Ming Chan. "Biomechanics of Supination Ankle Sprain." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 4 (April 2009): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508328102.

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18

Möllenhoff, G., J. Richter, and G. Muhr. "Supination trauma. A classic case." Der Orthopäde 28, no. 6 (June 1999): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00003631.

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19

Buchanan, T. S., G. P. Rovai, and W. Z. Rymer. "Strategies for muscle activation during isometric torque generation at the human elbow." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 1201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.6.1201.

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1. We studied the patterns of electromyographic (EMG) activity in elbow muscles of 14 normal human subjects. The activity of five muscles that act in flexion-extension and forearm supination-pronation was simultaneously recorded during isometric voluntary torque generation, in which torques generated in a plane orthogonal to the long axis of the forearm were voluntarily coupled with torques generated about the long axis of the forearm (i.e., supination-pronation). 2. When forearm supination torques were superimposed on a background of elbow flexion torque, biceps brachii activity increased substantially, as expected; however, brachioradialis and brachialis EMG levels decreased modestly, a less predictable outcome. The pronator teres was also active during pure flexion and flexion coupled with mild supination (even though no pronation torque was required). This was presumably to offset inappropriate torque contributions of other muscles, such as the biceps brachii. 3. When forearm supination torque was superimposed on elbow extension torque, again the biceps brachii was strongly active. The pronator teres also became mildly active during extension with added pronation torque. These changes occurred despite the fact that both the pronator and biceps muscles induce elbow flexion. 4. In these same elbow extension tasks, triceps brachii activity was also modulated with both pronation or supination loads. It was most active during either supination or pronation loads, again despite the fact that it has no mechanical role in producing forearm supination-pronation torque. 5. Recordings of EMG activity during changes in forearm supination-pronation angle demonstrated that activation of the biceps brachii followed classic length-tension predictions, in that less EMG activity was required to achieve a given supination torque when the forearm was pronated (where biceps brachii is relatively longer). On the other hand, EMG activity of the pronator teres did not decrease when the pronator was lengthened. Triceps EMG was also more active when the forearm was supinated, despite its having no direct functional role in this movement. 6. Plots relating EMG activity in biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis at three different forearm positions revealed that there was a consistent positive near-linear relationship between brachialis and brachioradialis and that biceps brachii is often most active when brachioradialis and brachialis are least active. 7. We argue that, for the human elbow joint at least, fixed muscle synergies are rather uncommon and that relationships between muscle activities are situation dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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20

ACOSTA, R., W. HNAT, and L. R. SCHEKER. "Distal Radio-Ulnar Ligament Motion During Supination and Pronation." Journal of Hand Surgery 18, no. 4 (August 1993): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90159-d.

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The dorsal and palmar distal radio-ulnar ligaments (DRUL) play an important role in the stability of the distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ). Various authorities, however, hold opposite opinions regarding DRUL motion during DRUJ pronation and supination, thus implying opposite techniques for reconstruction of the unstable DRUJ. With the hypothesis that relative displacement would increase in the dorsal DRUL during pronation and would increase in the palmar DRUL during supination, measurements were made of the relative DRUL displacement with a Hall-effect displacement transducer during DRUJ pronation and supination in six fresh cadaver wrists. The hypothesis was confirmed that the dorsal radio-ulnar ligament undergoes relative displacement during pronation, while the palmar radio-ulnar ligament undergoes relative displacement during supination.
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21

SHAABAN, H., C. PEREIRA, R. WILLIAMS, and V. C. LEES. "THE EFFECT OF ELBOW POSITION ON THE RANGE OF SUPINATION AND PRONATION OF THE FOREARM." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 33, no. 1 (February 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193407087862.

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A kinematic study was performed to examine the influence of elbow position on the range of supination and pronation of the forearm. The ranges of supination and pronation were measured in 50 volunteers (25 men and 25 women) using a custom-designed jig which constrained unwanted and confounding movements of the limb. Measurements were taken with the elbow in full extension, 45° flexion, 90° flexion and full flexion. The data showed a reciprocal relationship between the range of supination and the range of pronation of the forearm which depended on the degree of elbow flexion. As the elbow is flexed, the maximum angle of supination increases while the maximum angle of pronation decreases ( p<0.001). The converse is true as the elbow is extended ( p<0.001).
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22

Blonna, Davide, Alberto Olivero, Claudia Galletta, Valentina Greco, Filippo Castoldi, Matteo Fracassi, Marco Davico, and Roberto Rossi. "Minimal Damage to the Supinator Muscle After the Double-Incision Technique for Distal Biceps Tendon Repair." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 232596712096777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120967776.

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Background: The effect of the double-incision technique on the supinator muscle is unclear. Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify fatty atrophy of the supinator muscle and map the area of muscle damage. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 19 male patients (median age, 43 years) who underwent distal biceps tendon repair were included in the analysis. Patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were included. The following variables were analyzed: range of motion; shortened version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score; Summary Outcome Determination (SOD) score; and isokinetic peak force and endurance in supination. Quantitative analysis and mapping of fatty infiltration of the supinator muscle were based on the calculation of proton density fat fraction on magnetic resonance imaging scans of both elbows using the IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition of Echoes of Asymmetrical Length) sequence. Results: At an average follow-up of 24 months (range, 12-64 months), the median SOD score was 9.0 (95% CI, 7.8-9.4), and the mean QuickDASH score was 6.7 (95% CI, 0.0-14.1). A difference of 17% in peak torque was measured between repaired and nonrepaired elbows (repaired elbow: 9.7 N·m; nonrepaired elbow: 11.7 N·m; P = .11). Endurance was better in the repaired elbow than the nonrepaired elbow (8.4% vs 14.9% work fatigue, respectively; P = .02). The average fat fraction of the supinator muscle was 19% (95% CI, 16%-21%) in repaired elbows and 14% (95% CI, 13%-16%) in contralateral elbows ( P = .04). The increase in fat fraction was located in a limited area between the radius and ulna at the level of the bicipital tuberosity. Conclusion: The assessment of the supinator muscle showed a limited increase in fat fraction between the radius and ulna at the level of the bicipital tuberosity. No significant effect on supination strength was highlighted.
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23

Lundberg, Arne, Ola K. Svensson, Carin Bylund, Ian Goldie, and Göran Selvik. "Kinematics of the Ankle/Foot Complex—Part 2: Pronation and Supination." Foot & Ankle 9, no. 5 (April 1989): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078900900508.

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The influence of pronation and supination of the foot on the joints of the ankle/foot complex was analyzed three dimensionally by roentgen stereophotogrammetry in eight healthy volunteers. Radiopaque markers were introduced into the tibia, talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, and first metatarsal bones. The subjects stood on a platform that was tilted in 10°-steps from 20° of pronation to 20° of supination. Pairs of x-ray exposures were made in each position. Calculation of resulting joint deviations from the neutral position showed that the largest amounts of motion occurred in the talonavicular joint followed by the talocalcaneal joint, in the latter case mainly in supination. The joints proximal and distal to the medial cuneiform also participated substantially in the total motion registered. The tibia showed an average of 0.2° of external rotation for each degree of supination of the foot.
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Boszczyk, Andrzej, and Stefan Rammelt. "Ankle fracture – correlation of Lauge-Hansen classification and patient reported fracture mechanism." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00165.

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Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: The genetic Lauge-Hansen classification is considered to provide a link between mechanism of ankle injury and resulting fracture morphology. In this study, we addressed the question of agreement between the mechanism of the fracture as postulated by the Lauge-Hansen classification and mechanism reported by the patient in rotational ankle fractures. Understanding of the actual mechanisms of ankle fracture may guide treatment decisions. Methods: Of 110 screened patients with acute malleolar fractures, 78 were able to provide information on their fracture mechanism and were included in the study. The study group consisted of 43 women and 35 men with a mean age of 47.8 (range 19.5-88.4) years. Patients were asked to describe the direction of deformation with primary question being pronation and supination as demonstrated by the examiner. As hyperplantarflexion and hyperdorsiflexion has been spontaneously reported by the patients, these directions were added to the analysis. Radiographs were analyzed according to Lauge-Hansen classification and compared with fracture mechanisms reported by the patients. Results: The majority (35/78 = 44.8%) of patients reported pronation as their fracture mechanism, 27 (34.6%) patients reported supination, 15 (19.2%) patients reported hyperplantarflexion (3 pure, one combined with pronation and 11 combined with supination), and 1 patient reported hyperdorsiflexion combined with pronation. Radiographs revealed 61 supination-external rotation (79%), 1 supination-adduction (1.3%), 14 pronation-external rotation (18%), 1 pronation-abduction (1.3%) fractures. One x-ray was unclassifiable with the Lauge-Hansen classification. The patient reported mechanisms were in concordance with the mechanism deducted from the x-rays in 49% of cases. Only 17% of patients who recalled a pronation trauma actually had radiographs classified as pronation fractures while 76% of patients who recalled a supination trauma were also radiographically classified as having sustained supination type fractures. Conclusion: The Lauge-Hansen classification should be used with caution for determining the actual mechanism of injury as it was able to predict the patient reported fracture mechanism in less than 50% of cases. A substantial percentage of fractures appearing radiographically as supination type injuries may have been actually produced by a pronation fracture mechanism.
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Helin, Marion, Manon Bachy, Claire Stanchina, and Frank Fitoussi. "Pronator teres selective neurectomy in children with cerebral palsy." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, no. 8 (June 5, 2018): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418780590.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the results after selective pronator teres (PT) neurectomy in children with spastic hemiplegia. Patients with PT spasticity without contracture and an active supination improvement after PT botulinum toxin injection were included. Hand function and deformities were evaluated with the House score, Gschwind and Tonkin pronation deformity classification and Zancolli’s classification. Twenty-two patients (mean age 11.6 years) were included in this study. The average follow-up was 32.6 months. All but one patient improved their supination with a preoperative mean active supination of 5° (range −80–70°) and postoperative of 48° (range 10–90°). Active pronation was always maintained at the last follow-up. PT selective neurectomy appears to improve active and passive forearm supination and should be included in a global strategy of treatments to improve upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy. Level of evidence: IV
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Andersson, Jonny K., Elisabet M. Hagert, and Jan Fridén. "Patients With Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injuries and Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability Gain Improved Forearm Peak Pronation and Supination Torque After Reinsertion." HAND 15, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718793198.

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Background: Forearm peak pronation and supination torque measurements are reduced up to 30% in patients with triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) 1B injuries with concomitant distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether patients with TFCC 1B injuries, with concomitant DRUJ instability, improve in forearm peak pronation and supination torque following TFCC reinsertion surgery where postoperative DRUJ stability was achieved. Methods: We report a retrospective case series with short-term follow-up (20 months) of the postoperative forearm peak torque in pronation and supination in 11 patients (9 women/2 men, average age at surgery 32 years) operated on by TFCC reinsertion. Two of the initial 13 patients were later on reoperated due to recurring DRUJ instability and were therefore excluded in this follow-up study. Nine were treated by arthroscopic TFCC reinsertion and 2 by open technique. The forearm peak pronation and supination torque were measured pre- and postoperatively and compared with the uninjured side. Results: On average, a 16% improvement of the forearm peak torque was achieved in the injured wrist, as well as clinically assessed DRUJ stability. Functional postoperative improvement was noted in all patients, with reduced pain, good satisfaction, and acceptance of the surgery and the final result. Conclusion: We conclude that patients with TFCC injuries and DRUJ instability gain improved forearm peak pronation and supination torque after reinsertion. We also conclude that forearm peak pronation and supination torque is a valuable tool in the preoperative diagnostics of TFCC injuries with DRUJ instability as well as in the postoperative follow-up.
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Estill, Cheryl Fairfield, and K. H. E. Kroemer. "Evaluation of Supermarket Bagging Using a Wrist Motion Monitor." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40, no. 4 (December 1998): 624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872098779649300.

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The supermarket industry has one of the highest numbers of repeated trauma illnesses. Checkout departments have a rate of musculoskeletal injuries 2 to 3 times higher than that of other supermarket departments. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the wrist motions required to bag groceries using a wrist motion monitor. The wrist motions included deviations, velocities, and accelerations for flexion-extension, radial-ulnar, and pronation-supination directions. The independent variables were handle type and object location. Objects with finger-thumb couplings required more extreme pronations, greater wrist velocities for pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist accelerations for pronation-supination deviations than did other objects. Objects with 10-cm hand couplings required more extreme flexion, larger ranges of movement for radial-ulnar deviations and pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist velocities in the radial-ulnar and pronation-supination directions than did 5-cm objects. The right and front locations required more extreme deviations than did the left and back locations. Because finger-thumb and 10-cm hand couplings require larger wrist deviations and greater velocities, these objects may pose a greater risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders to the bagger. Potential applications of this research include engineering design of grocery packaging and supermarket bagging workstations.
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Güleçyüz, Mehmet F., Matthias F. Pietschmann, Stefan Michalski, Ferdinand M. Eberhard, Alexander Crispin, Christian Schröder, Maximilian J. Mittermüller, and Peter E. Müller. "Reference Values of Flexion and Supination in the Elbow Joint of a Cohort without Shoulder Pathologies." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1654796.

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Background. After surgery of the long head of the biceps tendon, the examination of the biceps brachii muscle function and strength is common clinical practice. The muscle strength is usually compared with the uninjured contralateral side or with a matched pair group assuming that the uninjured side can be used as an appropriate reference.Hypothesis/Purpose. The purpose of this study was to define reference values of the supination and flexion strength in the elbow joint and to investigate the influence of the arm positions and various anthropometric factors.Methods. 105 participants without any shoulder pathologies were enrolled. A full medical history was obtained and a physical examination was performed. The bilateral isometric testing included the supination torque in various forearm positions and elbow flexion strength with a custom engineered dynamometer. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation of the strength and anthropometric factors.Results. Only age and gender were significant supination and flexion strength predictors of the elbow. Hence, it was possible to calculate a gender-specific regression line for each forearm position to predict the age-dependent supination torque. The supination strength was greatest with the arm in 90° elbow flexion and the upper arm in full pronation.
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Murphy, M. S. "An Adjustable Splint for Forearm Supination." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 44, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 936–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.44.10.936.

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30

Allende, Christian A., and Alain Gilbert. "Forearm Supination Deformity after Obstetric Paralysis." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 426 (September 2004): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000141900.85203.ce.

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31

Myers, Thomas H., Jason R. Zemanovic, and James R. Andrews. "The Resisted Supination External Rotation Test." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2005): 1315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504273050.

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Purpose To evaluate a new clinical test, the resisted supination external rotation test, for the diagnosis of superior labral anterior posterior lesions of the shoulder. Study Design Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods Forty athletes (average age, 23.9 years) with activity-related shoulder pain were enrolled in the study. The patients underwent 3 different tests designed specifically to detect superior labral anterior posterior lesions (the resisted supination external rotation test, the crank test, and the active compression test); the tests were performed in a random order on the affected shoulder. The results of the tests were compared with arthroscopic findings. Results Out of 40 athletes, 29 (72.5%) had superior labral anterior posterior tears. The resisted supination external rotation test had the highest sensitivity (82.8%), specificity (81.8%), positive predictive value (92.3%), negative predictive value (64.3%), and diagnostic accuracy (82.5%) of all tests performed. Conclusion By re-creating the peel-back mechanism, the resisted supination external rotation test is more accurate than 2 other commonly used physical examination tests designed to diagnose superior labral anterior posterior tears in overhead-throwing athletes. By using this test in the context of a thorough clinical history and physical examination, lesions of the superior labrum can be more reliably diagnosed.
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Krause, Fabian, Stefanie Blatter, Dirk Waehnert, Markus Windolf, and Martin Weber. "Hindfoot Joint Pressure in Supination Sprains." American Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 4 (January 11, 2012): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546511432550.

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Weinberg, A. M., I. T. Pietsch, M. Krefft, H. C. Pape, M. van Griensven, M. B. Helm, H. Reilmann, and H. Tscherne. "Die Pro- und Supination des Unterarms." Der Unfallchirurg 104, no. 5 (May 17, 2001): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001130050750.

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34

Johanson, Marie A., Megan Armstrong, Chris Hopkins, Meghan L. Keen, Michael Robinson, and Scott Stephenson. "Gastrocnemius Stretching Program: More Effective in Increasing Ankle/Rear-Foot Dorsiflexion When Subtalar Joint Positioned in Pronation Than in Supination." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2014-0191.

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Context:Stretching exercises are commonly prescribed for patients and healthy individuals with limited extensibility of the gastrocnemius muscle.Objective:To determine if individuals demonstrate more dorsiflexion at the ankle/rear foot and less at the midfoot after a gastrocnemius-stretching program with the subtalar joint (STJ) positioned in supination compared with pronation.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Participants:22 volunteers with current or recent history of lower-extremity cumulative trauma and gastrocnemius tightness (10 women and 4 men, mean age 28 y) randomly assigned to stretching groups with the STJ positioned in either pronation (n = 11) or supination (n = 11).Intervention:3-wk home gastrocnemius-stretching program using a template to place the subtalar joint in either a pronated or a supinated position.Main Outcome Measures:A 7-camera Vicon motion-analysis system measured ankle/rear-foot dorsiflexion and midfoot dorsiflexion of all participants during stretching with the STJ positioned in both pronation and supination before and after the 3-wk gastrocnemius-stretching program.Results:A 2-way mixed-model ANOVA revealed a significant interaction (P = .019). At posttest, the group who performed the 3-week stretching program with the STJ positioned in pronation demonstrated more increased ankle/rear-foot dorsiflexion when measured with the STJ in pronation than the group who performed the 3-wk stretching program with the STJ positioned in supination. No significant main effect of stretching group or interaction for dorsiflexion at the midfoot was detected (P = .755 and P = .820, respectively).Conclusion:After a 3-wk gastrocnemius-stretching program, when measuring dorsiflexion with the STJ positioned in supination, the participants who completed a 3-wk gastrocnemius stretching program with the STJ positioned in pronation showed more increased dorsiflexion at the ankle/rear foot than participants who completed the stretching program with the STJ positioned in supination.
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Dias, Eduardo A. F., and Rafhael M. de Andrade. "Design of a Cable-Driven Actuator for Pronation and Supination of the Forearm to Integrate an Active Arm Orthosis." Proceedings 64, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08511.

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The pronation/supination of the forearm are important movements to properly accomplish the activities of daily living. While several exoskeletons have been proposed for the rehabilitation of the arm, few of them have actively implemented the movements of pronation/supination. Often, the addition of this degree of freedom to the mechanism results in a bulky and heavy structure. Consequently, the overall exoskeleton is too big for a wearable solution. This paper proposes a digital prototype and kinematic evaluation of a cable-driven orthosis for pronation/supination movement assistance. The actuator is based on an open ring (semi-circle) to be attached to the forearm, while a stationary guide drives the ring into a rotary movement. By considering anthropomorphic data in the design stage, it is possible to develop a rigid, compact, and high power to weight ratio solution for the actuator responsible for pronation and supination. The proposed actuator can achieve the full range of motion for the activities of daily living and 83% of the rotation of the forearm total range of motion with a total mass of only 150 g.
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Shin, Seung-Han, Yong-Suk Lee, Keun-Young Choi, Dai-Soon Kwak, and Yang-Guk Chung. "During forearm rotation the three-dimensional ulnolunate distance is affected more by translation of the ulnar head than change in ulnar variance." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418795638.

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Ulnolunate abutment has been thought to be aggravated by pronation because of an increase in ulnar variance. We hypothesized that the ulnolunate distance might be greater in pronation because the ulnar head is dorsally translated. Twenty-one three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomographic scans of wrists taken in supination and pronation were investigated. The ulnolunate distance was measured in each position, and the change in ulnolunate distance from supination to pronation was calculated. The changes in ulnar variance from supination to pronation and the amount of translation of the ulnar head were measured directly by superimposing three-dimensional reconstructions. The mean ulnolunate distance in pronation was significantly greater than in supination. There was no significant correlation between the changes in ulnolunate distance and in the ulnar variance. The change in ulnolunate distance had a significant positive linear relationship with the amount of translation of the ulnar head. The change in ulnolunate distance during forearm rotation is determined by the amount of translation of the ulnar head rather than by change in ulnar variance. Level of evidence: IV
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Alam, Waqar, Faaiz Ali Shah, Roohullah Jan, and Riaz-Ur Rehman. "NON OPERATIVE TREATMENT." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 01 (February 10, 2014): 016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.01.1927.

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Background: Pediatric forearm fractures result in substantial morbidity andcosts. Despite the success of public health efforts in the prevention of other injuries, the incidenceof pediatric forearm fractures is increasing. Most forearm fractures occurred during the springseason. Objective of the study is to determine the functional outcome of conservatively treatedradius ulna fractures in Children. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Orthopedicsand Traumatology, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. Period: March 2009 to April 2010.Methodology: Total 236 children with radius ulna fractures were manipulated and above elbowplaster Cast applied for 6-8 weeks and reviewed every second week. After plaster cast removalPronation and supination measured with goniometer and fortnightly thereafter for 6 weeks.Results: All the fractures united. Normal range of pronation and supination at the end of followsup period was in 182(80.53%) children. Loss of pronation and supination of average 10 degreeswere in 9(3.98%) patients. Patients having displacement of the fracture and opted for surgerywere 35(15.46%). Conclusions: Closed reduction of diaphyseal fractures in children results innormal pronation and Supination in majority of the patients.
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Miyaguchi, Shota, Nobutomo Matsunaga, and Shigeyasu Kawaji. "Trajectory Generation of CPM Device for Upper Limbs Considering Constraint Caused by Joint Disorder." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 2 (April 20, 2010): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0239.

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Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) is a postoperative orthopedic treatment or physiotherapy. After surgery in Ulna Collateral Ligament (UCL) injury to the elbow, excessive UCL extension aggravates the injury. Postoperative large stiffness increases reaction force at hand of patient excessively near the end of the range of motion. Controlling pro/supination effectively suppresses the reaction force, but the UCL may be extended excessively by the pro/supination. In this paper, focusing on postoperative UCL treatment, we propose the trajectory generation method for controlling the pro/supination to suppress both the reaction force and the UCL extension based on a skeleton model. Finally, experimental results with simulated patient show the effectiveness of our proposal.1
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Wagner, Emilio, Pablo Wagner, Tiago Baumfeld, Marcelo Pires Prado, Daniel Baumfeld, and Caio Nery. "Biomechanical Evaluation With a Novel Cadaveric Model Using Supination and Pronation Testing of a Lisfranc Ligament Injury." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 247301141989826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419898265.

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Background: Lisfranc joint injuries can be due to direct or indirect trauma and while the precise mechanisms are unknown, twisting or axial force through the foot is a suspected contributor. Cadaveric models are a useful way to evaluate injury patterns and models of fixation, but a frequent limitation is the amount of joint displacement after injury. The purpose of this study was to test a cadaveric model that includes axial load, foot plantarflexion and pronation-supination motion, which could re-create bone diastasis similar to what is seen in subtle Lisfranc injuries. Our hypothesis was that applying pronation and supination motion to a cadaveric model would produce reliable and measurable bone displacements. Methods: Twenty-four fresh-frozen lower leg cadaveric specimens were used. The medial (C1) and intermediate (C2) cuneiforms and the first (M1) and second (M2) metatarsal bones were marked. A complete ligament injury was performed between C1-C2 and C1-M2 in 12 specimens (group 1), and between C1-C2, C1-M2, C1-M1, and C2-M2 in 12 matched specimens (group 2). Foot pronation and supination in addition to an axial load of 400 N was applied to the specimens. A 3D digitizer was used to measure bone distances. Results: After ligament injury, distances changed as follows: C1-C2 increased 3 mm (23%) with supination; C1-M2 increased 4 mm (21%) with pronation (no differences between groups). As expected, distances between C1-M1 and C2-M2 only changed in group 2, increasing 3 mm (14%) and 2 mm (16%), respectively (no differences between pronation and supination). M1-M2 and C2-M1 distances did not reach significant difference for any condition. Conclusions: Pronation or supination in addition to axial load produced measurable bone displacements in a cadaveric model of Lisfranc injury using sectioned ligaments. Distances M1-M2 and C2-M1 were not reliable to detect injury in this model. Clinical Relevance: This new cadaveric Lisfranc model included foot pronation-supination in addition to axial load delivering measurable bone diastasis. It was a reliable Lisfranc cadaveric model that could be used to test different Lisfranc reconstructions.
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Luthringer, Tyler A., David A. Bloom, David S. Klein, Samuel L. Baron, Erin F. Alaia, Christopher J. Burke, and Robert J. Meislin. "Distance of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve From the Bicipital (Radial) Tuberosity at Varying Positions of Forearm Rotation: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study With Clinical Implications." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546521992120.

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Background: The proximity of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) to the bicipital tuberosity is clinically important in the increasingly popular anterior single-incision technique for distal biceps tendon repair. Maximal forearm supination is recommended during tendon reinsertion from the anterior approach to ensure the maximum protective distance of the PIN from the bicipital tuberosity. Purpose: To compare the location of the PIN on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relative to bicortical drill pin instrumentation for suspensory button fixation via the anterior single-incision approach in varying positions of forearm rotation. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Axial, non–fat suppressed, T1-weighted MRI scans of the elbow were obtained in positions of maximal supination, neutral, and maximal pronation in 13 skeletally mature individuals. Distances were measured from the PIN to (1) the simulated path of an entering guidewire (GWE-PIN) and (2) the cortical starting point of the guidewire on the bicipital tuberosity (CSP-PIN) achievable from the single-incision approach. To radiographically define the location of the nerve relative to constant landmarks, measurements were also made from the PIN to (3) the prominent-most point on the bicipital tuberosity (BTP-PIN) and (4) a perpendicular plane trajectory from the bicipital tuberosity exiting the opposing radial cortex (PPT-PIN). All measurements were subsequently compared between positions of pronation, neutral, and supination. In supination only, BTP-PIN and PPT-PIN measurements were made and compared at 3 sequential axial levels to evaluate the longitudinal course of the nerve relative to the bicipital tuberosity. Results: Of the 13 study participants, mean age was 38.77 years, and mean body mass index was 25.58. Five participants were female, and 5 left and 8 right elbow MRI scans were reviewed. The GWE-PIN was significantly greater in supination (mean ± SD, 16.01 ± 2.9 mm) compared with pronation (13.66 ± 2.5 mm) ( P < .005). The mean CSP-PIN was significantly greater in supination (16.20 ± 2.8 mm) compared with pronation (14.18 ± 2.4 mm) ( P < .013).The mean PPT-PIN was significantly greater in supination (9.00 ± 3.0 mm) compared with both pronation (1.96 ± 1.2 mm; P < .001) and neutral (4.73 ± 2.6 mm; P < .001). The mean BTP-PIN was 20.54 ± 3.0, 20.81 ± 2.7, and 20.35 ± 2.9 mm in pronation, neutral, and supination, respectively, which did not significantly differ between positions. In supination, the proximal, midportion, and distal measurements of BTP-PIN did not significantly differ. The proximal PPT-PIN distance (9.08 ± 2.9 mm) was significantly greater than midportion PPT-PIN (5.85 ± 2.4 mm; P < .001) and distal BTP-PIN (2.27 ± 1.8 mm; P < .001). Conclusion: This MRI study supports existing evidence that supination protects the PIN from the entering guidewire instrumentation during anterior, single-incision biceps tendon repair using cortical button fixation. The distances between the entering guidewire trajectory and PIN show that guidewire-inflicted injury to the nerve is unlikely during the anterior single-incision approach. Clinical Relevance: When a safe technique is used, PIN injuries during anterior repair are likely the result of aberrant retractor placement, and we recommend against the use of retractors deep to the radial neck. Guidewire placement as close as possible to the anatomic footprint of the biceps tendon is safe from the anterior approach. MRI evaluation confirms that ulnar and proximal guidewire trajectory is the safest technique when using single-incision bicortical suspensory button fixation.
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41

Cheng, Chun-Ying, and Chung-Hsun Chang. "CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMY FOR INTRA-ARTICULAR MALUNION OF THE SIGMOID NOTCH OF THE DISTAL PART OF THE RADIUS: A CASE REPORT." Hand Surgery 13, no. 02 (January 2008): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810408003839.

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Joint incongruity at radiocarpal joint is a common complication of the distal radius fracture, and has received much attention and study. However, the problem and outcome of treatment of intra-articular incongruity at the sigmoid notch after distal radius fracture is rarely reported. We describe a patient with deformity of the distal radioulnar joint, and impairment of supination after distal radius fracture. The evaluation of the distal radioulnar joint revealed the absence of degenerative arthritis and malunion of the sigmoid notch of the distal radius with a prominent volar lip limiting supination. We present a method of corrective osteotomy for the malunited sigmoid notch of the distal radius, to correct the incongruity of the distal radioulnar joint and restore supination.
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Schnapp, Luis, Salih Colakoglu, Jose Couceiro, Amir Oron, Guy Brock, and Rodrigo N. Banegas. "Forearm Shortening Impact on Pronation and Supination." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 24, no. 03 (August 23, 2019): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s242483551950036x.

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Background: Shortening has been described to treat severely mangled extremities, replantations and nonunions. Outcomes after this procedure in the forearm are vaguely described. This study addresses how the forearm rotation is affected by: (1) location of the shortening; (2) the amount of the shortening at different locations. Methods: Nine fresh cadaveric forearms were dissected preserving intact proximal and distal radio ulnar joints and interosseous membrane. The widest point of the interosseous space and its location over the ulna were measured, defining the peak interosseous distance (PID) and the peak interosseous distance level (PIDL). Stabilization and fixation of the specimens were performed by using a platform and external fixators. Consecutive ostectomies were performed within one centimeter intervals at the distal, middle and proximal forearm thirds. A repeated measures mixed-effects (RMME) specific model was designed for the statistical analysis. Results: Before intervention, the average full forearm rotation was 157° (101–185), supination 80° (56–90)/pronation 77° (45–95). The average PID was 15.6 mm in supination and 12.5 mm in pronation. The PIDP were 52.2% and 58.3% of the ulna length in supination and pronation, respectively. The rotation lost were: middle third 5.31°/cm in supination and 6.12°/cm in pronation, distal third 1.62°/cm in supination and 2.20°/cm in pronation, the proximal third was not affected by up to 5 cm of shortening. Conclusions: These data suggest that shortening of the middle and distal third of the forearm might have more significant adverse effect on forearm rotation compared with the proximal third.
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Short, Walter, and Frederick Werner. "Carpal Pronation and Supination Changes in the Unstable Wrist." Journal of Wrist Surgery 07, no. 04 (April 24, 2018): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642615.

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Background Little is known about changes in scaphoid and lunate supination and pronation following scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury. Information on these changes may help explain why some SLIL reconstructions have failed and help in the development of new techniques. Purpose To determine if following simulated SLIL injury there was an increase in scaphoid pronation and lunate supination and to determine if concurrently there was an increase in the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) force. Materials and Methods Scaphoid and lunate motion were measured before and after sectioning of the SLIL and two volar ligaments in 22 cadaver wrists, and before and after sectioning of the SLIL and two dorsal ligaments in 15 additional wrists. Each wrist was dynamically moved through wrist flexion/extension, radioulnar deviation, and a dart-throwing motion. Changes in the ECU force were recorded during each wrist motion. Results Scaphoid pronation and lunate supination significantly increased following ligamentous sectioning during each motion. There were significant differences in the amount of change in lunate motion, but not in scaphoid motion, between the two groups of sectioned ligaments. Greater percentage ECU force was required following ligamentous sectioning to achieve the same wrist motions. Conclusion Carpal supination/pronation changed with simulated damage to the scapholunate stabilizers. This may be associated with the required increases in the ECU force. Clinical Relevance In reconstructing the SLIL, one should be aware of the possible need to correct scaphoid pronation and lunate supination that occur following injury. This may be more of a concern when the dorsal stabilizers are injured.
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Yuanhui, Ma, and Tatsuya Kasai. "Effects of Foreperiod on Response Latency of Different Movement Patterns." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 3_suppl (December 1993): 1160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3f.1160.

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In an analysis of the influence of the preparatory process on motor output by measuring the EMG latencies of synergic muscles for elbow flexion and forearm supination the optimum foreperiod was between 2.0 and 2.2 sec., and a specific effect on movement pattern was not observed. However, reduction in EMG-RTs was larger in forearm supination than in elbow flexion. Those results reconfirmed previous reports.
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KREULEN, M., M. J. C. SMEULDERS, H. E. J. VEEGER, J. J. HAGE, and C. M. A. M. VAN DER HORST. "Three-Dimensional Video Analysis of Forearm Rotation before and After Combined Pronator Teres Rerouting and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Transfer Surgery in Patients with Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Hand Surgery 29, no. 1 (February 2004): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(03)00226-2.

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The effect of combined pronator teres rerouting and flexor carpi ulnaris transfer on forearm rotation was prospectively studied by comparison of pre- and postoperative three-dimensional analysis of forearm range of motion in ten patients with cerebral palsy. One year postoperatively, surgery had improved maximal supination of the forearm in all patients by an average of 63°, but there was also a mean loss of 40° pronation. Forearm range of motion increased by a mean of 23°. The centre of the range of motion on average shifted 52° in the direction of supination. Based on these results of objective forearm range of motion analysis, we conclude that the common combination of pronator teres rerouting and flexor carpi ulnaris transfer in patients with cerebral palsy effectively facilitates active supination but impairs active pronation.
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46

Imai, Hirofumi, Masatoshi Takahara, and Mikiro Kondo. "Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy for Ulnar Abutment Syndrome: The Results of Metaphyseal and Diaphyseal Osteotomies." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 25, no. 04 (October 28, 2020): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835520500538.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to report the results of metaphyseal and diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomies (USO) for the treatment of ulnar abutment syndrome (UAS). Methods: From 2011 to 2016, we performed metaphyseal USO in 8 patients (8 wrists) and diaphyseal USO in 6 patients (7 wrists). The results were investigated in terms of bone union and cast immobilization, wrist and forearm range of motion (ROM). The mean follow-up duration was 29 months. Results: All 14 patients had bone union. The mean duration of bone union in metaphyseal USO and diaphyseal USO were 3.5 months and 4.3 months and the duration of cast immobilization after surgery were 24.2 days and 29.2 days. The mean forearm ROM (degree) were 134.3 (pronation/supination: 66.7/67.6) and 169.3 (pronation/supination: 84.3/85.0) at 3 months after surgery and 173.4 (pronation/supination: 86.0/87.4) and 172.8 (pronation/supination: 87.1/85.7) at 6 months after surgery. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that metaphyseal osteotomies are an effective alternative to diaphyseal osteotomies for the treatment of ulnar abutment syndrome. Although metaphyseal osteotomies were associated with temporary decrease of pronation, this discrepancy resolved at 6 months postoperatively. Metaphyseal USO has the potential to promote primary bone union and appears to be an alternative treatment for UAS.
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47

Timm, Wendy N., Shawn W. O'Driscoll, Marjorie E. Johnson, and Kai-Nan An. "Functional Comparison of Pronation and Supination Strengths." Journal of Hand Therapy 6, no. 3 (July 1993): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-1130(12)80131-1.

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48

Crombé, Amandine, Yacine Carlier, François Le Loarer, Benjamin Dallaudiere, and Lionel Pesquer. "Progressive loss of supination of the wrist." Skeletal Radiology 47, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-017-2721-7.

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49

Crombé, Amandine, Yacine Carlier, François Le Loarer, Benjamin Dallaudiere, and Lionel Pesquer. "Progressive loss of supination of the wrist." Skeletal Radiology 47, no. 2 (August 3, 2017): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-017-2722-6.

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50

Cohen, B., and C. R. Constant. "Extension-supination sign in prearthroscopic elbow distension." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 8, no. 2 (June 1992): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-8063(92)90035-a.

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