Academic literature on the topic 'Supply and demand curves'

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Journal articles on the topic "Supply and demand curves"

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Graves, Philip E., and Robert L. Sexton. "Demand and Supply Curves: Rotations versus Shifts." Atlantic Economic Journal 34, no. 3 (2006): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-006-9021-2.

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Fleetwood, S. "Do labour supply and demand curves exist?" Cambridge Journal of Economics 38, no. 5 (2014): 1087–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beu003.

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Balatsky, E. "Differential Properties of Supply and Demand Curves." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (1995): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-1995-12-62-73.

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Kinoshita, Tomio. "HOW ARE WORKING HOURS AND WAGE EARNINGS DETERMINED? A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL STUDY." JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE FINANCE AND ECONOMICS 5, no. 1 (2023): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/jqfe.2023.v05i01.10.

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Incorporating both supply and demand functions of working hours, we constructed a model of working hours. The model demonstrates that (1) working hours and wage earnings are determined jointly at an equilibrium point on a contract curve where the demand and supply of workers are equal, and (2) the contract curve passes through the intersection of the supply and demand curves of working hours. These results imply that (1) it is impossible to estimate the supply curve of working hours because equilibrium points are not usually located on a supply curve of working hours, and (2) a contract curve
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Naqellari, Alqi. "Positive Slope Model of Aggregate Demand." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 3 (2018): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0059.

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Abstract This paper analyzes Internal Aggregate Demand. This aggregate, along with other production indicators, is the main indicator of the country’s economic performance rate. Objective analysis is important for their perspective, as well as for a set of other related indicators, such as inflation rate, unemployment rate, etc. In economic theory, the Aggregate Demand Curve (AD) deals with negative slope. At the point where AD interrupts the AS (aggregate supply curve) there is macroeconomic equilibrium. Creating this equilibrium, shifting curves, creates a number of other figures that show h
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Tang, Rong, Jiabin Zhang, Yuntao Wang, and Xiaoli Zhang. "Study on the Basic Form of Reservoir Operation Rule Curves for Water Supply and Power Generation." Water 16, no. 2 (2024): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020276.

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Reservoir operation rule curves are crucial for managing water supply and power generation in reservoirs. As the number of objectives and management requirements increase, there is a growing demand for optimized operation rule curves. The objective of this study is to explore the most effective forms of reservoir operation rule curves, focusing on the case of the Nierji Reservoir and considering the dual objectives of water supply and power generation. The parameter–simulation–optimization framework, specifically employing the NSGA-II algorithm, was used to analyze and compare two basic forms
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Vasyl, Hryhorkiv, and Hryhorkiv Mariia. "SIMULATION OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY FUNCTIONS IN THE SINGLE-PRODUCT MARKET." BULLETIN OF CHERNIVTSI INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND ECONOMICS I, no. 89 (2023): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34025/2310-8185-2023-1.89.11.

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In any market economy, supply and demand processes are actively developing and interacting with each other, influencing the functioning of the economy as a whole. In this regard, problems related to supply and demand are relevant for scientific research in both theoretical and applied aspects, since their deep justification allows for the development of adequate economic policy and appropriate regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the establishment of effective interaction between sub objects of supply and demand and their formation of quality market solutions. Application of the method of
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Miccoli, Saverio, Fabrizio Finucci, and Rocco Murro. "Integrating stated preference methods for property valuations in housing markets." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 12, no. 3 (2019): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-02-2018-0019.

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Purpose The study aims to propose an appraisal procedure based on the preferences stated by a sample of potential consumers and producers which makes it possible to obtain the hypothetical demand and supply curves and to estimate the most likely market value and transaction quantities for housing markets with unrevealed prices. Design/methodology/approach The procedure is divided into two steps: the first is aimed at selecting the alternatives that are most likely to meet the market’s preference by applying discrete choice (DC) analysis; the second makes it possible to estimate the potential d
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Sozinho, Thiago Manoel, David Alexandre Buratto, Anadalvo Juazeiro Dos Santos, João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva, and José Roberto Frega. "EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCTION AND PRICE OF FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY." FLORESTA 49, no. 1 (2018): 011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v49i1.51617.

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This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the production and price of biomass from native and planted forests of the state of Paraná (Brazil), between 1998 and 2015, based on the behavior of the prices of the products, according to variations of their supply or demand. The annual rates for growth of the price and quantity produced were calculated and related to the displacements of the supply and demand curves of the products. The results indicated a decrease in the quantity and an increase in the biomass price for native forests, which caused a shift in the supply curve to the left. For th
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Dierker, Martin, Jung-Wook Kim, Jason Lee, and Randall Morck. "Investors’ Interacting Demand and Supply Curves for Common Stocks*." Review of Finance 20, no. 4 (2015): 1517–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfv042.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supply and demand curves"

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Piussi, Laura Marianna <1986&gt. "Integration of energy supply and energy demand response curves in the Process and Network Synthesis." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6159.

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The ongoing climate change, the depletion of resources and the visible environmental changes led in the last decades to a revolution in our thinking about resources. Several technologies have been and continue to be developed in order to avoid depletion of fossil fuels by shifting the use from non-renewable to renewable resources. One of the most important related fields of study is the energy sector: the need to pass from a fossil-fuels based energy production to the so called Green Energy has brought many opportunities of development and growth but also raised many issues to solve. On a
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Balachandra, P. "Rational Supply Planning In Resource Constrained Electricity Systems." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/200.

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Electricity is the most preferred source of energy, because of its quality and convenience of usage. It is probably one of the most vital infrastructural inputs for economic development of a country. Indeed it is the fulcrum which can leverage the future pace of growth and development. These reasons have made the electric power industry one of the fastest growing sectors in most developing countries and particularly in India. Therefore it is not surprising to observe the economic growth of a country being related to the increase in electricity consumption. In India, the growth rate of demand f
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Balachandra, P. "Rational Supply Planning In Resource Constrained Electricity Systems." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/200.

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Electricity is the most preferred source of energy, because of its quality and convenience of usage. It is probably one of the most vital infrastructural inputs for economic development of a country. Indeed it is the fulcrum which can leverage the future pace of growth and development. These reasons have made the electric power industry one of the fastest growing sectors in most developing countries and particularly in India. Therefore it is not surprising to observe the economic growth of a country being related to the increase in electricity consumption. In India, the growth rate of demand f
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Yildiz, Evren. "Evaluation Of Performance And Optimum Valve Settings For Pressure Management Using Forecasted Daily Demand Curves By Artificial Neural Networks." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613600/index.pdf.

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For the appropriate operation and correct short term planning, daily demand curve (DDC) of municipal water distribution networks should be forecasted beforehand. For that purpose, artificial neural networks (ANN) is used as a new method. The proposed approach employs already recorded DDCs extracted from the database of ASKI (Ankara Water Authority) SCADA center and related independent parameters such as temperature and relative humidity obtained from DMI (State Meteorological Institute). In this study, a computer model was developed in order to forecast hourly DDCs using Matlab and related mod
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Shah, Ismail. "Modeling and Forecasting Electricity Market Variables." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427110.

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In deregulated electricity markets, accurate modeling and forecasting of different variables, e.g. demand, prices, production etc. have obtained increasing importance in recent years. As in most electricity markets, the daily demand and prices are determined the day before the physical delivery by means of (semi-) hourly concurrent auctions, accurate forecasts are necessary for the efficient management of power systems. However, it is well known that electricity (demand/price) data exhibit some specific features, among which, daily, weekly and annual periodic patterns as well as non-constant m
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Faissol, Daniel Mello. "Technology adoption and inequality." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22710.

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Unger, Oskar. "Fjärrkyla i Sundsvall : Optimering av framledningskurva för akviferbaserad fjärrkyla." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36587.

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På uppdrag av Sundsvall Energi AB har FVB Sverige AB påbörjat en förstudie kring etableringen av fjärrkyla i Sundsvall. Produktionsmedlen i det planerade nätet kommer att innefatta frikyla från akviferen och en kompressordriven kylmaskin. Det övergripande syftet med projektet har dels varit att ta fram en optimal framledningskurva, samt att ta reda på i vilken utsträckning frikylan kan nyttjas innan kylmaskinen måste användas som spetsproduktionsmedel. Projektet har inledningsvis fokuserat på att undersöka hur klimatet och kylbehovet ser uti Sundsvall. Kylbehovet granskades utifrån sex befintl
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Hilletofth, Per. "Demand-Supply Chain Management." Doctoral thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21732.

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Purpose: This research aims to enhance the current understanding and knowledge of the demand-supply chain management (DSCM) concept by determining its elements, benefits, and requirements, as well as by analyzing key elements of the concept. Methodology: This research has utilized the case study strategy and the survey strategy, however, the case study strategy dominates. The case study research has involved five companies originating from Sweden and the collection of empirical data mainly from in-depth interviews with key persons representing senior and middle management. The survey research
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Semydotska, I., I. Novak, and D. O. Marchenko. "Supply, demand and market prices." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16777.

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Petäjistö, Antti 1974. "Essays on index premia and demand curves for stocks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17601.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-141).<br>This thesis consists of three chapters that investigate the index premium and its underlying economics both theoretically and empirically. The first chapter presents our empirical findings about the index premium and its properties. First, we find that the index premia for both the S&P 500 and Russell 2000 have been growing over time, reaching levels of about 15% and 10%, respectively, in 2000. The premia arise somewhat gradually between the announce
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Books on the topic "Supply and demand curves"

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Kerstetter, James D. Logging and agricultural residue supply curves for the Pacific Northwest. Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Energy Program, 2001.

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Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad., ed. Sufficient condition for the backward bending supply curve. Indian Institute of Management, 1999.

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Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), ed. Causes and cures of teacher attrition: A selected bibliography focusing on special educators. National Association of State Directors of Special Education, 1995.

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Murgatroyd, Susan, and Cathy Boak. Supply and demand. Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2005.

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Adil, Janeen R. Supply and demand. Capstone Press, 2006.

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Brennan, Linda Crotta. Supply and demand. The Child's World, 2013.

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1959-, Seidman David, ed. Supply and demand. Rosen Pub., 2012.

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Dax, Peter. Engel curves and "the law of demand". Institut fur Volkswirtschaftslehre, Universitat Augsburg, 1987.

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O'Sullivan, Gerald. Water supply: The supply/demand problem. Institution of Engineers of Ireland, 2002.

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Rao, B. Bhaskara, ed. Aggregate Demand and Supply. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26293-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Supply and demand curves"

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Ruth, Matthias, and Bruce Hannon. "Nonmonotonic Demand and Supply Curves." In Modeling Dynamic Economic Systems. Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2268-2_30.

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Ruth, Matthias, and Bruce Hannon. "Nonmonotonic Demand and Supply Curves." In Modeling Dynamic Economic Systems. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2209-9_30.

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Hall, Peter H., and Malcolm L. Treadgold. "Aggregate Demand Curves: A Guide to Use and Abuse Revisited." In Aggregate Demand and Supply. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26293-9_3.

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Sandholm, Tuomas, and Subhash Suri. "Optimal Clearing of Supply/Demand Curves." In Algorithms and Computation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36136-7_52.

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Rycroft, Robert S. "Behind the Demand and Supply Curves." In The Economics of Inequality, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003335863-6.

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Shao, Yuan, and Wen-jie Zhan. "Decision Making in CDA with Arbitrary Supply-Demand Curves." In Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40063-6_63.

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Masters, William A., and Amelia B. Finaret. "Societal Outcomes: Predicting Food Market Prices and Quantities." In Food Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53840-7_3.

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AbstractThis chapter explains how societal outcomes can be seen as the result of individuals interacting with each other. Markets are physical places or online environments where interactions occur, as people exchange goods and services in pursuit of their individual goals, given their own production possibilities, income or wealth, and their own preferences for consumption. To explain and predict observed prices and total quantities, we proceed graphically in two dimensions to derive supply curves from production possibilities, derive demand curves from incomes and preferences, and then show
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Lubchenco, Jane, and Peter M. Haugan. "The Future of Food from the Sea." In The Blue Compendium. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_1.

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AbstractGlobal food demand is rising, and serious questions remain about whether supply can increase sustainably (FAO 2018). Land-based expansion is possible but may exacerbate climate change and biodiversity loss, and compromise the delivery of other ecosystem services (Olsen 2011; Foley et al. 2005, 2011; Mbow et al. 2019; Amundson et al. 2015). As food from the sea represents only 17% of the current production of edible meat, we ask how much food we can expect the ocean to sustainably produce by 2050. Here we examine the main food-producing sectors in the ocean—wild fisheries, finfish maric
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Xing, Tong, Liangqi Si, and Jianyue Jiao. "Trading Curve Division Methods Considering Seasonal Variability in Supply and Demand." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1864-4_30.

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Davidson, Louise. "The Marginal Product Curve Is Not the Demand Curve for Labour and Lucas’s Labour Supply Function Is Not the Supply Curve for Labour in the Real World." In Money and Employment. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11513-6_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Supply and demand curves"

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Wang, Yifan, Marvin Volkmer, D�rthe Franzisca Hagedorn, Christiane Reinert, and Niklas von der Assen. "RiNSES4: Rigorous Nonlinear Synthesis of Energy Systems for Seasonal Energy Supply and Storage." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.105466.

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The synthesis of energy systems necessitates simultaneous optimization of both design and operation across all components within the energy system. In real-world applications, this synthesis poses a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, considering nonlinear behaviours such as investment cost curves and part-load performance. The complexity increases further when seasonal energy storage is involved, as it requires temporal coupling of the full time series. Although numerous solution approaches exist to solve the synthesis problems simplified by linearization, methods for solving
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Mo, Birger, Arild Lote Henden, and Arild Helseth. "Hydro-thermal market model based on price decoupling and local supply/demand curves." In 2016 13th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2016.7521299.

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Su, Jie, and Jie Lian. "Analysis on Retailer-Stackelberg Process' Stability in Two-Echelon Supply-Chain with Different Demand Curves." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Informatics - Computing Technology, Intelligent Technology, Industrial Information Integration (ICIICII). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciicii.2015.127.

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Díaz García, Sarai, Emilio Ruiz Gómez, and Javier González Pérez. "TEmporal Scale SIgmoid Curve (TESIC): A tool to characterize short-term demand variability at water supply systems." In 2nd WDSA/CCWI Joint Conference. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wdsa-ccwi2022.2022.14145.

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Water demand is the main random factor that conditions flow variability across water supply systems. Water demand measurements or pseudomeasurements (i.e. estimations based on historical data) are associated with a time interval (sampling rate), which affects the variability of water demands. Considering a long time interval implies losing information about water consumption within that temporal window. The variance (i.e. quantification of variability) computed from demand records is thus only “apparent”, because the variability within the time interval is averaged and lost (i.e. “missed”). Th
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Kokin, S. E., A. V. Pazderin, and E. N. Adarichev. "Ways of decreasing maximum and equalizing curve of big cities' power demand." In 2009 International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply. SUPERGEN 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/supergen.2009.5347879.

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Yu, Weichao, Kai Wen, Yichen Li, Weihe Huang, and Jing Gong. "A Methodology to Assess the Gas Supply Capacity and Gas Supply Reliability of a Natural Gas Pipeline Network System." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78173.

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Natural gas pipeline network system is a critical infrastructure connecting gas resource and market, which is composed with the transmission pipeline system, underground gas storage (UGS) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal demand. A methodology to assess the gas supply capacity and gas supply reliability of a natural gas pipeline network system is developed in this paper. Due to random failure and maintenance action of the components in the pipeline network system, the system can be in a number of operating states. The methodology is able to simulate the state transition process and the
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Li, Yichen, Jing Gong, Weichao Yu, Weihe Huang, and Kai Wen. "Gas Supply Reliability Analysis of a Natural Gas Pipeline System Considering the Effects of Demand Side Management." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21218.

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Abstract At present, China has a developing natural gas market, and ensuring the security of gas supply is an issue of high concern. Gas supply reliability, the natural gas pipeline system’s ability to satisfy the market demand, is determined by both supply side and demand side, and is usually adopted by the researches to measure the security of gas supply. In the previous study, the demand side is usually simplified by using load duration curve (LDC) to describe the demand, which neglects the effect of demand side management. The simplification leads to the inaccurate and unreasonable assessm
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Xu, Du, Tianbo Zhu, Qingfeng Tang, Hao Zhang, and Ze Hao. "Priority power purchase curve prediction for residential agriculture concerning seasonal differences between supply and demand." In 2024 IEEE 6th Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imcec59810.2024.10575128.

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Qureshi, J. A., T. T. Lie, and R. Hasan Engro. "LED lighting as energy management tool through correlation analysis of daily electricity demand and supply curve." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icset.2016.7811766.

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Bharanidharan, B., B. N. Priyanka, K. R. Sheetal Kumar, et al. "Investigation of groundwater consumption to cope with the inadequate piped water supply in continuous and intermittent supply systems: A case study in Bangalore, India." In 2nd WDSA/CCWI Joint Conference. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wdsa-ccwi2022.2022.14821.

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Although the supply of piped water to the Indian cities is increasing, the demand is not always fulfilled. This gap in water demand and supply is usually bridged by using alternate sources of water, mostly groundwater. Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka, is one of the fastest developing metropolitan cities in India is also facing piped water supply issues. The groundwater is the main source of alternate water supply in the city. In the present study, a District Metered Area (DMA) is selected in the Bangalore South-West division; this DMA has both intermittent and continuous water supply
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Reports on the topic "Supply and demand curves"

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Read, Matthew. Sign Restrictions and Supply-demand Decompositions of Inflation. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2024-05.

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Policymakers are often interested in the degree to which changes in prices are driven by shocks to supply or demand. One way to estimate the contributions of these shocks is with a structural vector autoregression identified using sign restrictions on the slopes of demand and supply curves. The appeal of this approach is that it relies on uncontroversial assumptions. However, sign restrictions only identify decompositions up to a set. I characterise the conditions under which these sets are informative, examining both historical decompositions (contributions to outcomes) and forecast error var
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L'Huillier, Jean-Paul, and Gregory Phelan. Can Supply Shocks Be Inflationary with a Flat Phillips Curve? Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202336.

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Not in standard models. With conventional pricing frictions, imposing a flat Phillips curve also imposes a price level that is rigid with respect to supply shocks. In the New Keynesian model, price markup shocks need to be several orders of magnitude bigger than other shocks in order to fit the data, leading to unreasonable assessments of the magnitude of the increase in costs during inflationary episodes. To account for the facts, we propose a strategic microfoundation of shock-dependent price stickiness: prices are sticky with respect to demand shocks but flexible with respect to supply shoc
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Eickhout, Bas, Hans van Meijl, Andrzej Tabeau, and Elke Stehfest. The Impact of Environmental and Climate Constraints on Global Food Supply. GTAP Working Paper, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp47.

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*Chapter 9 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol The goal of this Chapter is to study the complex interaction between agriculture, economic growth and the environment, given future uncertainties. We combine economic concepts and biophysical constraints in one consistent modeling framework to be able to quantify and analyze the long-term socio-economic and environmental consequences of different scenarios. Here, we present the innovative methodology of coupling an economic and a biop
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Galaasen, Sigurd, Andreas Kostøl, Joan Monras, and Jonathan Vogel. The Labor Supply Curve is Upward Sloping: The Effects of Immigrant-Induced Demand Shocks. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3386/w33930.

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Galaasen, Sigurd, Andreas Kostøl, Joan Monras, and Jonathan Vogel. The Labor Supply Curve Is Upward Sloping: The Effects of Immigrant-Induced Demand Shocks. W.E. Upjohn Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.17848/wp25-419.

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Afonso, Gara, Gabriele La Spada, Thomas M. Mertens, and John C. Williams. The Optimal Supply of Central Bank Reserves under Uncertainty. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1077.

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This paper provides an analytically tractable theoretical framework to study the optimal supply of central bank reserves when the demand for reserves is uncertain and nonlinear. We fully characterize the optimal supply of central bank reserves and associated market equilibrium. We find that the optimal supply of reserves under uncertainty is greater than that absent uncertainty. With a sufficient degree of uncertainty, it is optimal to supply a level of reserves that is abundant (on the flat portion of the demand curve) absent shocks. The optimal mean spread between the market interest rate an
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Boehm, Christoph, and Nitya Pandalai-Nayar. Convex Supply Curves. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26829.

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Dicks, Michael. Supply and demand. The IFS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.1000.

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Yagci, Mustafa. Global Crises, Central Bank Responses, and the Inversion of the Yield Curve. Islamic Development Bank Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/re24030.

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The global economy and the international financial system have been rattled by crises of varying sources since the start of the new millennium – from the bursting of the dot-com bubble in the early 2000s to the 2007-2009 global financial crisis. Over the past couple of years, the effects of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, followed by the East European crisis, have continued to make waves through global markets. Beginning in 2020, the global economy was challenged by the COVID-19 health crisis, which translated to both supply and demand shocks amid mobility restrictions. As a result, many co
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Farmer, Roger E. Aggregate Demand and Supply. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13406.

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