Journal articles: 'Supply and demand of the market'

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Kiseleva, Irina Anatolievna. "Simulations of Supply and Demand Forecasting in A Market Economy." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 10, 2021): 1669–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2218.

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Slonim, Robert, Carmen Wang, and Ellen Garbarino. "The Market for Blood." Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.177.

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Donating blood, “the gift of life,” is among the noblest activities and it is performed worldwide nearly 100 million times annually. The economic perspective presented here shows how the gift of life, albeit noble and often motivated by altruism, is heavily influenced by standard economic forces including supply and demand, economies of scale, and moral hazard. These forces, shaped by technological advances, have driven the evolution of blood donation markets from thin one-to-one “marriage markets,” in which each recipient needed a personal blood donor, to thick, impersonalized, diffuse markets. Today, imbalances between aggregate supply and demand are a major challenge in blood markets, including excess supply after disasters and insufficient supply at other times. These imbalances are not unexpected given that the blood market operates without market prices and with limited storage length (about six weeks) for whole blood. Yet shifting to a system of paying blood donors seems a practical impossibility given attitudes toward paying blood donors and concerns that a paid system could compromise blood safety. Nonetheless, we believe that an economic perspective offers promising directions to increase supply and improve the supply and demand balance even in the presence of volunteer supply and with the absence of market prices.

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McNamara, J., M. Rowcliffe, G. Cowlishaw, J. S. Alexander, Y. Ntiamoa-Baidu, A. Brenya, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. "Characterising Wildlife Trade Market Supply-Demand Dynamics." PLOS ONE 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2016): e0162972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162972.

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Turner, John A. "DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN THE POLITICAL MARKET." Studies in Economics and Finance 11, no. 1 (January 1987): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028671.

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Haugen, Kjetil, and Knut P. Heen. "The market demand- (and supply) curve paradox." Economics and Business Letters 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.10.1.2021.69-71.

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After many years of teaching utility maximization in Microeconomics a certain paradoxical puzzle has come to our attention. It is very simple and straightforward, but we still find it hard to explain it to students. Our hope is that the distinguished community of theoretical economists may help us solve this mystery. After all, we would find it extremely unlikely that we are the first persons to identify this paradox.

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Bárcena-Martín, E., M. Rodríguez-Fernández, and S. Borrego-Domínguez. "Golf, supply and demand." Tourism Economics 23, no. 6 (October 18, 2016): 1220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816616674612.

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Macroeconomic conditions can have a substantial effect on the economic circumstances of individuals and therefore on the golf demand in a country. Using panel data on golf demand (number of golf players) and supply (number of courses), and indicators of the economic situation for 15 European countries, encompassing years 2000 through 2014, we estimate a dynamic panel data model in order to evaluate the influence of the economic conditions and golf supply on the number of registered golfers. Economic situation is assessed through two variables: the gross domestic product (GDP) and the main stock market index of each country. We also test the hypothesis of uneven effects of the GDP before and after the beginning of the economic recession. The most crucial finding is that from the start of the financial crisis, the level of GDP imposes statistically significant effect on golf demand, making those countries with higher GDP per capita the ones whose golf demand is harmed the least by the financial crisis. The number of golf players responds to the state of the economy after the start of the economic downturns, while the high persistence of the golf demand makes it rather difficult to find significant differences in the changes in GDP before the recession. We also find that the number of golf courses is not seen to bear a close relationship with the number of players unless we control for economic factors and business cycle. Within the economic factors, the level of development of a country, as measured by GDP per capita, outweighs stock market role in determining the demand for golf.

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DANIELE, PATRIZIA. "EVOLUTIONARY VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES AND ECONOMIC MODELS FOR DEMAND–SUPPLY MARKETS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 13, no. 04 (April 2003): 471–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021820250300260x.

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In this paper we aim to present a model of spatially distributed economic markets under the assumptions that each demand market becomes a supply market after the time Δ. This problem is expressed by a time-dependent variational inequality for which we provide existence theorems and an example of computational procedure.

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Jagiełło, Aleksander. "The Polish electric bus market against a background of the world market." Transport Economics and Logistics 76 (December 4, 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.76.12.

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In the majority of the developed and in some of the developing countries we can observe gradual shift from the conventional public urban transport vehicles driven by diesel fuel towards electric vehicles. The process requires changes in the demand and supply side of urban transport market in particular countries around the world. The aim of this paper is to assess the standing of electric bus market in Poland against a background of the European and world market. The assessment involved presenting, in the first part of the article, characteristics of the worldwide and European markets from the demand and supply side. As for the world market of electric buses, the article discusses at great length the characteristics of Chinese market since this is the dominant market as regards both the number of vehicle in operation and the number of manufactured electric buses. The second part of the article provides the characteristics of demand and supply side of electric bus market in Poland presenting both domestic and European electric bus manufacturers who situated their production plants in Poland. The article also presents forecasts related to the scale of demand increase reported by the Polish local authorities.

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Mahargiono, Pontjo Bambang. "SUPPLY AND DEMAND AT TRADITIONAL MARKET IN SURABAYA." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 1440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.14401455.

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Kalra, Rajiv. "Supply and Demand Shifts in the Shorting Market." CFA Digest 38, no. 1 (February 2008): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v38.n1.24.

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Kozak, Olga, and Olena Hryshchenko. "Demand and supply features in the beef market." Ekonomika APK, no. 7 (July 29, 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.201907021.

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Cannella, S., R. Dominguez, and J. M. Framinan. "Turbulence in Market Demand on Supply Chain Networks." International Journal of Simulation Modelling 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/ijsimm15(3)5.346.

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COHEN, LAUREN, KARL B. DIETHER, and CHRISTOPHER J. MALLOY. "Supply and Demand Shifts in the Shorting Market." Journal of Finance 62, no. 5 (September 4, 2007): 2061–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01269.x.

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Michaillat, Pascal, and Emmanuel Saez. "Aggregate Demand, Idle Time, and Unemployment *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 2 (February 8, 2015): 507–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv006.

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Abstract This article develops a model of unemployment fluctuations. The model keeps the architecture of the general-disequilibrium model of Barro and Grossman (1971) but takes a matching approach to the labor and product markets instead of a disequilibrium approach. On the product and labor markets, both price and tightness adjust to equalize supply and demand. Since there are two equilibrium variables but only one equilibrium condition on each market, a price mechanism is needed to select an equilibrium. We focus on two polar mechanisms: fixed prices and competitive prices. When prices are fixed, aggregate demand affects unemployment as follows. An increase in aggregate demand leads firms to find more customers. This reduces the idle time of their employees and thus increases their labor demand. This in turn reduces unemployment. We combine the predictions of the model and empirical measures of product market tightness, labor market tightness, output, and employment to assess the sources of labor market fluctuations in the United States. First, we find that product market tightness and labor market tightness fluctuate a lot, which implies that the fixed-price equilibrium describes the data better than the competitive-price equilibrium. Next, we find that labor market tightness and employment are positively correlated, which suggests that the labor market fluctuations are mostly due to labor demand shocks and not to labor supply or mismatch shocks. Last, we find that product market tightness and output are positively correlated, which suggests that the labor demand shocks mostly reflect aggregate demand shocks and not technology shocks.

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He, Hui, and GuoXiong Li. "Strategies for building a complete and efficient online shopping supply chain system." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125303030.

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In the electricity business enterprise different sales model, the different consumer online shopping behavior will result in different market demand, the different market demand for the influence of e-commerce supply chain system is different also, therefore, it is necessary for e-commerce enterprises to determine the network equilibrium conditions of the whole e-commerce supply chain according to the online shopping behaviors of consumers in different market demands under different sales modes, so as to improve the operational efficiency of e-commerce supply chain. Through the analysis of supply chain network, online shopping, consumer behavior and its influencing factors in four levels of supplier, e-retail, express business and market demand, this paper reviews and summarizes the supply chain network equilibrium model and its application research status, and analyzes the equilibrium problem of online supply chain system under different conditions from the perspective of consumer online shopping behavior research. Relevant strategies are proposed.

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Hubbs, Todd, and Todd Kuethe. "A disequilibrium evaluation of public intervention in agricultural credit markets." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-04-2016-0032.

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Purpose Agricultural producers rely on debt capital to support many functions of their enterprise, yet private credit markets are frequently characterized by an imbalance between supply and demand. As a result, a number of public lending programs exist to mitigate the perceived market failures of private credit markets that serve agricultural producers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a structural disequilibrium model to examine the potential for excess demand or supply in the private market for non-real estate farm loans between 1978 and 2014. Findings The model demonstrates that the market is frequently characterized by disequilibrium, fluctuating between periods of excess demand and excess supply. These disequilibrium periods motivate the discussion of public intervention as a policy proposal within the agricultural sector. Originality/value This study uses traditional disequilibrium modeling to evaluate the private credit market for agriculture lending in a manner that has not been attempted previously in the literature. The model uses maximum likelihood methods with non-linear solution algorithms to investigate excess supply and demand in the sector.

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Brandt, Kristin, Greg Latta, Dane Camenzind, Dan Dolan, Don Bender, Alex Wilson, and Michael Wolcott. "Projected cross-laminated timber demand and lumber supply analysis." BioResources 16, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 862–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.862-881.

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The use of cross-laminated lumber (CLT) for building construction has gained interest in the United States (US) and Canada. Although anecdotal market size claims exist, few quantitative studies have estimated the potential market size or discussed the impact of CLT on lumber supply. This paper presents a method to quantify CLT markets and lumber supplies based on data for the Northwest US. The western US was chosen for its early adoption of CLT combined with a long history of commercial timber construction. Structural designs of archetype buildings were combined with projected multifamily residential and commercial building construction to estimate the demand for CLT. These figures were reduced to account for assumptions that address market penetration and population density. In the case study for the Northwest, the total potential market is less than the existing CLT production in western North America. Thus, the demand region was expanded to include the US and Canada west of the Rocky Mountains, resulting in an estimated demand of 800,000 m3/yr by 2030. A regional lumber supply study suggests that the lumber supply will support the existing CLT industry, which utilizes approximately 2% of the selected lumber classifications, with an unknown impact on lumber cost and production.

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Sirikasemsuk, Kittiwat, and Sarawut Sirikasemsuk. "Measure and Analysis of the Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain When Demand Correlation Exists between Two Market Groups Under the First-Order Moving-Average Demand Processes." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.13 (July 27, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13.16335.

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With supply chains becoming increasingly global, the issue of bullwhip effect, a phenomenon attributable to demand fluctuation in the upstream section of the supply chains, has received greater attention from many researchers. The phenomenon in which the variation of upstream members' orders is amplified than the variation of downstream members' demands in the supply chain is called the bullwhip effect (BWEF). Most of existing research studies did not realize the demand dependency of market demands. Thus, this research focused on the study of the influence of the demand correlation coefficient between two market groups on the BWEF. The incoming demand processes are assumed the separate first-order moving-average, [MA(1)] demand patterns. The scope of the supply chain structure used in this research is composed of one manufacturer and two distribution centers. The general result reveals that the coefficient of correlation is one of several factors affecting the BWEF.

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Ting, Chao Chiung. "Price Rigidity and Wage Rigidity: Market Failure or Market Efficiency." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 11 (October 7, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n11p82.

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We observe that money wage and price level are not only rigid but also flexible in different business cycles. For example, there are inflationary recessions (e.g., oil crisis in U.S.) versus deflationary recessions (e.g., Great Depression between 1929 and 1933) as well as price rigidity (e.g., Great Depression between 1934 and 1939). Thus, the general price theory, including wage, should explain both price flexibility and price rigidity. When demand curve shifts during business cycle, the best strategy of the firm is to adjust capital and labor (i.e., size of the firm) so as to shift supply curve toward the same direction as demand curve shifts. If both supply curve and demand curve shift toward the same direction proportionally, there is perfect price rigidity. When product price is rigid, the firm is willing to pay previous wage. Thus, price rigidity and wage rigidity are effect (i.e., not only ex-post phenomenon that we observe but also endogenous market efficiency that arises from to the coordination of supply and demand), not exogenous market failure to disturb economy.

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Stephens Balakrishnan, Melodena. "Al Ain Dairy: managing demand and supply." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111192807.

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TitleAl Ain Dairy: managing demand and supply.Subject areaMarketing strategy, retail/sales management and logistics.Study level/applicabilityUndergraduate and postgraduate.Case overviewAl Ain Dairy works is in one of the most highly competitive industries in the world – the food industry. In the dairy business, choice, freshness, safety standards, inventory management, supply chain and marketing are key to sustainability. Al Ain Diary explains some key challenges in this industry for managing and planning sales. This case builds on a previous case and can be used to teach marketing strategy, retail management and logistics. The case also gives an idea on the food industry especially the dairy market and some of the challenges associated with it.Expected learning outcomesStudents can try forecasting and planning sales based on seasonal trends. Since the process complexity increases as the number of stock keeping units increase, the case provides a rich context of a company where inventory management is a key to success. Product portfolio management is another subject area of focus in this case. For market expansion, students can look at current organizational and market constraints, organizational competencies (and their transferability), and market synergies and similarities to recommend strategy.Supplementary materialsTeaching notes.

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Liu, Zixu, Xiaojun Zeng, and Fanlin Meng. "An Integration Mechanism between Demand and Supply Side Management of Electricity Markets." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 3314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123314.

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One of the main challenges in the emerging smart grid is to jointly consider the demand and supply, which is also reflected in the wholesale market (supply side) and the retail market (demand side). When integrating the demand and supply side into one framework, the mechanism for determining the market clearing price has been changed. This is due to the demand variations in the demand side in response to the market clearing price and the change of generation costs in the supply side from the demand variation. In order to find the best balance between the supply and demand under the demand response management scheme, this paper proposes a new integrated supply and demand coordination mechanism for the electricity market and smart pricing methods for generator and retailers. Another important contribution of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm to find the match equilibrium between the demand and supply sides in the new proposed mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that the new mechanism can effectively handle unpredictable demand under dynamic retail pricing and support the ISO to dispatch the generation economically. It can also help in achieving the goals of dynamic pricing such as maximizing the profits for retailers.

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Krylatov, Alexander Y., Yulia E. Lonyagina, and Ruslan I. Golubev. "Spatial market equilibrium in the case of linear transportation costs." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes 16, no. 4 (2020): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2020.409.

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In this article, we study the spatial market equilibrium in the case of fixed demands and supply values, the requirement of equality in regard to overall supply and overall demand, and linear transportation costs. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization program with dual variables reflecting supply and demand prices. It is shown that the unique equilibrium commodity assignment pattern is obtained explicitly via equilibrium prices. Moreover, it is proved that in order to obtain absolute values of equilibrium prices, it is necessary to establish a certain base market price. Therefore, once the base market price is given, then other prices are adjusted according to spatial market equilibrium.

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Marzouk, Mohamed, and Ismail Hosny. "Modeling housing supply and demand using system dynamics." Housing, Care and Support 19, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-06-2016-0004.

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Purpose The housing sector in Egypt represents a considerable share of the gross domestic product (GDP) and accordingly the economy. Further, it is considered vital for any population around the world, because it provides the shelter needed by people. Egyptian housing market is facing many problems which need to be solved. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This research reviews and analyzes the Egyptian public and private housing market’s key variables. As such, it highlights the importance of informed decision making through detailed analysis and study of the market, especially when planning for the future by any housing market stakeholder. The research proposes the use of system dynamics (SD) modeling to analyze the market by creating a stock and flow model using STELLA modeling and simulation software. Findings The results reveal that the expected newly established families will be nearly 800,000 families in year 2015/2016. Out of these numbers, 600,000 families require economic housing units, while the expected supply is nearly 300,000 units. Originality/value A study is made for the economic housing market, which is a very big housing market and population segment that has been suffering from negligence for years.

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Salman, Doaa M. "An insight for the market driving forces: Case of Tesla Model- S." International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) 1, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v1i2.123.

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Market analysis is a diagnostic process to uncover the root causes of how markets perform from an economic perspective. This market analysis will help us understand how the market supply and demand work and what elements affect this performance during 2015-2017. Market analysis provides the initial foundation for the market intervention; this foundation is not constant as markets that are constantly evolving and dynamic. This paper will analyze the factors that affect the supply and demand in the same period in addition to the price elasticity for the Tesla Model - S. Finally, this paper develops an insight into the future of the industry.

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Kurniawati, Dwi Agustina. "BALANCE HALAL FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL APPROACH FOR HALAL FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN SUSTAINABILITY." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri 16, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v16i1.6093.

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As the demand for halal food becomes raising and the supply of halal food is limited, it is required a strategy to optimize the halal food supply chain. The optimization of halal food supply chain can support its sustainability. Therefore, study about halal food supply chain optimization is required. This paper try to develop a mathematical model, entitled as Balance Halal Supply Chain (BHSC) model. This model propose a distribution strategy for halal food supply chain from limited halal slaughterhouses to several halal markets so as the total cost of distribution becomes minimize. It is assumed that all halal market demands must be fulfilled, so the lack ness cost becomes zero. The model try to fulfill all the halal market demands and minimize the oversupply and transportation costs. BHSC is modeled as MILP. Numerical experiment is performed to validate the model and it is solved by CPLEX Solver Version 12.6.3. Based on the experiment result, it is shown that the model can be used by halal supply chain decision maker as the decision making tool to design the best strategy for distributing the limited number of halal meat to many halal markets for its supply chain sustainability. The BHSC model can minimize the total cost of distribution that consists of oversupply and transportation costs, in the case of all halal market demands must be fulfilled. In conclusion, the proposed model becomes an alternative method to support the halal food supply chain sustainability.

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WANG, JOSEPH K. ""BEHAVIORAL ECONOMETRIC" INTERPRETATION OF DYNAMIC SUPPLY AND DEMAND FUNCTIONS IN A MARKET PRICING MODEL." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 04, no. 04 (August 2001): 635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024901001152.

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I present a model of stock market price fluctuations incorporating effects of share supply as a history-dependent function of previous purchases and share demand as a function of price deviation from moving averages. I discuss interpretation of model parameters and of the form of dynamically evolving supply and demand functions. Parameters and dynamic supply and demand functions can be regarded as providing quantitative behavioral characterization of investors within markets. Price charts generated assuming different dynamic supply functions exhibit structure consistent with the hypothesis that dominant investor behavior is different on different time scales.

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Ruan, Jian, Su Lin Pang, and Guo Ping Nong. "Managing B2B-Supply Chain with Option Contract under Disruptions." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.534.

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By establishing an option contract model under disruptions in chronological order, we analysis the optimum decision variables and application of option contract to manage the changes in the supply chain benefits which result from the changes of market demand distribution under disruptions, and get optimal strategies. The conclusion is the option contract to supply chain members to achieve shared interests and risks, effective response the changes in market demand with B2B E-markets under disruptions. Finally the conclusion is verified by numerical example.

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CHAKRABORTI, ANIRBAN. "MARKET APPLICATION OF THE PERCOLATION MODEL: RELATIVE PRICE DISTRIBUTION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 13, no. 01 (January 2002): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183102002900.

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We study a variant of the Cont–Bouchaud model, which utilizes the percolation approach of multi-agent simulations of the stock market fluctuations. Here, instead of considering the relative price change as the difference of the total demand and total supply, we consider the relative price change to be proportional to the "relative" difference of demand and supply (the ratio of the difference in total demand and total supply to the sum of the total demand and total supply). We then study the probability distribution of the price changes.

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Merzifonluoglu, Yasemin. "Risk averse supply portfolio selection with supply, demand and spot market volatility." Omega 57 (December 2015): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.03.006.

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Ruan, Jian, and Su Lin Pang. "Managing Option Contract in Supply Chain with B2B E-Markets under Disruptions." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3138.

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This paper investigates the supply chain with one single supplier and one single retailer under coexistence of B2B E-markets and traditional wholesale markets. By establishing a mathematical model with considering disruptions which affect the market demands during the lead time of retail order, we calculus the supplier’s optimal product strategy, the retailer’s optimal initial order quantity of products and option, the retailer’s optimal quantity of excised option and optimal quantity of order from B2B E-markets. The research shows that the option contract relocates interests and risks between the members, and effectively response the changes in market demand with B2B E-markets under disruptions. Finally the conclusion is verified by numerical example

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Lušić, Zvonimir, Mario Bakota, Mirko Čorić, and Ivica Skoko. "Seafarer Market – Challenges for the Future." Transactions on Maritime Science 8, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v08.n01.007.

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In the today’s seafarer market one of the key problems is the lack of seafarers, especially experienced officers. Although the global supply of officers is increasing steadily, the demand is still above supply. An additional problem is that an increased demand may lead to a decreased quality of education. Ships and shipping technology in general have become more advanced and require well educated and trained personnel. In addition, over the next several decades it is expected that partial or fully autonomous vessels will be in commercial use, and this will require significant changes in the education and training of crew members. So, regarding the education of seafarers, the main future challenges include the ways of ensuring sufficient supply of seafarers, especially well-trained officers, and adapting the education systems for the upcoming introduction of autonomous ships. This paper analyzes the present situation of the seafarers and shipping market, and provides forecast for the near future. Also, the main challenges in education and training of seafarers will refer to observing the recommendations for improvement and adaptation to future demands.

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Nowak, Krzysztof, Michal Gluszak, and Stanislaw Belniak. "DYNAMICS AND ASYMMETRIC RENT ADJUSTMENTS IN THE OFFICE MARKET IN WARSAW." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 24, no. 6 (November 6, 2020): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2020.13647.

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Dynamics of rent, vacancy, supply and demand on the office market of emerging commercial real estate markets have long been under-researched. The paper fills the gap in economic literature by investigating the growing office market in Warsaw. In particular, we evaluate whether the influence of demand and supply shocks differ depending on the current market conditions. Using Error Correction Model approach, we investigated the rent adjustments on the office market in Warsaw, which is the major property market in Central and Eastern Europe. We replaced variables of the basic model with asymmetric variables to check for asymmetric adjustments in the office market. The study period covers data from 2005:1Q to 2016:1Q. The empirical results suggest that demand shock had a stronger impact on rent when the market vacancy rate was below the average for the period considered. Additionally, the demand shock had a stronger impact on rent when the rent was above the equilibrium level.

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Andreea, Ion Raluca. "Matching Supply and Demand on Agricultural Market in Romania." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 1, no. 4 (October 2012): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2012100102.

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This paper identifies the relationships among different components of supply and demand on the market of agricultural and food products in Romania. Statistical data regarding the levels of production, internal availabilities for consumption, exports, and imports have been analyzed. The hypothesis whether domestic agricultural output satisfy demand has been verified and the results show that, in order to satisfy demand, imports supplement internal production of agro-food products. The share of imports varies from 4.5% for potatoes to 85% for fish and fish products. Trade balances are negative for all agricultural products, except cereals. These findings have significant implications for the work of policy makers and businesses, as it calls for changing the strategies and practices in this area.

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Qureshi, Mushtaq Ahmed. "Monitoring Fertilizer Supply and Demand in a Deregulated Market." Outlook on Agriculture 22, no. 2 (June 1993): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709302200208.

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The fertilizer sector in Pakistan is on the verge of fundamental changes. Some barriers have been removed and others will follow. The process of privatization has greatly increased the need for monitoring supplies, prices and stocks. This paper describes the importance of continued monitoring of the fertilizer supply and demand situation and prices. This must be undertaken on a regular basis because while fertilizer consumption is purely seasonal, yet we continue to depend on imports of phosphatic and potassic fertilizer. Moreover, importation procedures take time. This paper also places emphasis on the correct forecasting of fertilizer demand, to avoid shortages for the farmers, or excess stocks which would yield low profits for the distributors.

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Vitaliano, Donald F. "Demand and supply of opiates in an unregulated market." Drugs and Alcohol Today 18, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-02-2018-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the demand and supply of opiates in the USA during the period 1870–1914 when the market was virtually unregulated. Design/methodology/approach The price and quantity of opiates is econometrically estimated using a data set constructed primarily from pharmaceutical trade journals. Findings Per capita opiate consumption varies in inverse proportion to its price, a price elasticity of demand of unity. The supply of opiates to the USA is perfectly elastic, a horizontal line, implying the USA was a “price-taker” in the world market for opium. The number of medical schools, a proxy for the state of medical science, significantly effects opiate consumption, as does the import tariff on opium. Research limitations/implications Opiate use, both medicinal and addictive, is highly responsive to purely the economic forces of price and income. The influential role of the medical profession in shaping the pattern of consumption is confirmed. Data limitations prevent making substantive statements about usage of the various sub-categories of opium, requiring all opium to be treated as equivalent units of morphine sulfate. Practical implications Decriminalized access to opiates and other addictive substances is likely to result in a significant increase in usage, which could be controlled by taxation. Originality/value Prior studies of unregulated opiate demand and supply have covered Indonesia and Taiwan under colonial government monopoly, not a major western country user like the USA. Also, this paper uses a newly created consistent set of inflation-adjusted opiate prices covering a long period (1870–1914).

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Lewis, Philip, and Keith Norris. "Demand, Supply and Adjustment in the Teachers Labour Market." Australian Journal of Education 36, no. 3 (November 1992): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494419203600304.

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There have been important changes in the labour market for teachers in Australia over recent years which have not received much attention from economists. This paper analyses the way in which a particular state, namely Western Australia, has adjusted to these changes. The analysis of how the teachers labour market works is of interest both in Australia and overseas.

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Arai, Minoru, Takayuki Noma, and Nobuyuki Ihara. "World Market Pulp Supply/Demand & Chinese Recovered Paper." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 60, no. 7 (2006): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.60.973.

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Sun, Xiao-Qian, Hua-Wei Shen, Xue-Qi Cheng, and Yuqing Zhang. "Market Confidence Predicts Stock Price: Beyond Supply and Demand." PLOS ONE 11, no. 7 (July 8, 2016): e0158742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158742.

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Kim, Jin-Hwan. "Studies on Supply and Demand Paradox in Shipping Market." Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/ijidb.2019.vol10.no1.19.

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Smith, Tony E., and Terry L. Friesz. "Spatial market equilibria with flow-dependent supply and demand." Regional Science and Urban Economics 15, no. 2 (June 1985): 181–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(85)90004-3.

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Chen, Fangruo. "Market Segmentation, Advanced Demand Information, and Supply Chain Performance." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 3, no. 1 (January 2001): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.3.1.53.9993.

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Sun, Zhongmiao, Qi Xu, and Baoli Shi. "Dynamic Pricing of Ride-Hailing Platforms considering Service Quality and Supply Capacity under Demand Fluctuation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 16, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5620834.

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Increasing attention is being paid to the pricing decisions of ride-hailing platforms. These platforms usually face market demand fluctuation and reflect supply and demand imbalances. Unlike existing studies, we focus on the optimal dynamic pricing of the platforms under imbalance between supply and demand caused by market fluctuation. Dynamic models are constructed based on the state change of supply and demand by using optimal control theory, with the aim of maximizing the platform’s total profit. We obtain the optimal trajectories of price, supply, and demand under three ride demand situations. The effects of some key parameters on pricing decisions, such as coefficient of demand fluctuation, service quality, and fixed commission rate, are examined. We find the optimal dynamic price can improve the match of supply-demand in ride-hailing market and enhance the revenue of platform.

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He, Rong Yao, Zhong Kai Xiong, and Yu Xiong. "Supply Chain Competition with Information Sharing." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.309.

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Given the case of two competing supply chains each consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, we explore whether the retailers should share the market demand information they know with their manufacturers when the manufacturers do not know the same specific demand information. We also determine the optimal pricing policy and total profit for the retailers when each chain either shares or does not share market demand information. We find that sharing information is always more profitable for both retailer and supply chain.

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Zeng, Wei Min, Dun Nan Liu, Jiang Ping Liu, Tian Qi Tang, Xian Gui Yang, and Min Fan. "The Mechanism Design to Direct Power-Purchase Transaction Considering Market Supply and Demand." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1477.

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At present, direct power-purchase for large consumers is difficult to carry out effectively when demand exceeds supply. Interest demand of direct power-purchase for large consumers under different conditions of supply and demand is analyzed in this paper. Therefore, design principle of transaction mechanism for direct transaction adapting to different supply and demand situation is also applied. The purpose is striving to carry out the direct transaction effectively when market demand exceeds supply situation, adjusting the supply and demand and solving the "soft lack of electricity" phenomenon due to fluctuation of coal price. In the end, some suggestions are put forward to the current transaction rules.

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Pulsford, Will. "A reserves driven view of the eastern Australian gas supply and demand balance through the 2020's." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16217.

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The Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) issued a Gas Statement of Opportunities in March 2016, which reports that gas supply to the domestic and liquefied natural gas markets in eastern Australia will be largely satisfied by proved and probable reserves until 2026 and by the addition of contingent resources until 2030. However, in parallel, there are widely reported concerns by energy consumers of insufficient gas supplies to meet demand by the early 2020s and a lack of new gas supplies to replace existing expiring contracts. Gas shortages have already contributed to black outs and load shedding events in South Australia. This paper reviews the eastern Australian gas supply position at a basin level. The AEMO basin level supply forecasts are reviewed and adjusted to generate forward profiles, which are consistent with reported reserves levels, production histories and depletion behaviour of typical gas fields. The revised supply forecast is compared with the AEMO’s demand profiles, and the likely commercial behaviour of key participants in the market is considered to build a picture of the domestic gas supply-demand balance through the 2020s. This analysis provides a transparent link from market outcomes back to the underlying reserves classifications to guide interpretation of supply-demand forecasts, and highlights the critical role of key suppliers in the eastern Australian gas market in the coming decade.

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Meng, Zhou Ji, Tao Zhou, and Shu Hua Gao. "Research on Supply and Demand of Xi'an Real Estate Market." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3078.

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In the passage, the indicators of supply and demand of real estate market in Xi'an are established, and such indicators are synthesized into a class of synthetic indicators using “principal component analysis”. After the spectral analysis of synthetic indicators, periodic change of supply and demand of real estate through spectral density could be determined. Through the analysis, great randomness existed in supply and demand of real estate in Xi’an. Furthermore, in the medium term, a 3.3 years’ secondary cycle still existed in synthetic indicators of demand, while randomness existed in synthetic indicators of supply. Such findings suggest a declined trend existed in real estate price in medium term of Xi’an.

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FRØYLAND, KJETIL, TONE ALM ANDREASSEN, and SIMON INNVÆR. "Contrasting Supply-side, Demand-side and Combined Approaches to Labour Market Integration." Journal of Social Policy 48, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000491.

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AbstractIn social policy discussions about activation or ALMP (Active Labour Market Policies), most attention is paid to supply-side approaches, directed towards jobless individuals. In these discussions, little attention is given to demand-side approaches aimed at activating employers, or combined workplace-oriented approaches that combine supply and demand-side elements. The aim of this article is to introduce demand-side and combined approaches developed within the fields of disability policy and vocational rehabilitation to scholarly discussions about activation and ALMP.By comparing these three approaches, we show that demand-side and combined approaches challenge key assumptions underlying the dominant supply-side approaches. They do so by representing different views of a) work – as a right instead of a duty; b) the problem of reduced work capacity – not as individual failure, but rather as a prejudice in attitudes among employers or as a gap between capacities and demands; c) the employers and the labour market – as transformable instead of fixed.Supply-side, demand-side and combined workplace-oriented approaches share the aim of labour market integration; however, their developments seem to have taken place largely in isolation from each other. We argue that when brought together they could form a more comprehensive base for further development of labour market integration.

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Stabler, Joshua. "The east coast gas market explained: analysis of the gas market supply and demand dynamics." APPEA Journal 58, no. 1 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17226.

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The Australian east coast gas market is experiencing arguably the most disruptive structural change since its inception, with the completion of the 25.4 mtpa Curtis Island Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities and the introduction of a fourth pillar to the market for domestic gas. However, this disruption was not in isolation and coincided with substitutional interactions with the electricity market already dealing with transition. This report develops context for the natural gas market, establishes the four major avenues of markets and then investigates eight fundamental supply and demand dynamics that are influencing the market in an interconnected fashion. The report concludes that all participants of the gas market must address the multiple dynamic drivers including economic consideration, government policy and regulatory engagement to avoid disorderly market transition.

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Alshehhi, Yahya Z. "Demand and supply of labor market: A case of UAE." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 10, no. 4-5 (December 31, 2016): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2016/4-5/19.

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United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed a progress of growth booming since its establishment, which as result puched all economic componets to indicated a active movement in term of employment and capital investment as well. This steady economic growth has been marked by an increase in the income by the country’s citizens, both national as well as the foreign residents This paper to axamine the supply and demand of labor market in UAE. The technique used to source the data is a secondary resource and methodology employed in descriptive and analytical. The study found that, the diversification of the economy, and enhance the role of private sector increased the demand for labor as well as increased the diversification for nationalities in the country. From other side, because of diversification strategy, the foreigners labor have more numbers in total employment structure. JEL CODE: O12

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Bimpikis, Kostas, Wedad J. Elmaghraby, Ken Moon, and Wenchang Zhang. "Managing Market Thickness in Online Business-to-Business Markets." Management Science 66, no. 12 (December 2020): 5783–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3497.

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We explore marketplace design in the context of a business-to-business platform specializing in liquidation auctions. Even when the platform’s aggregate levels of supply and demand remain fixed, we establish that the platform’s ability to use its design levers to manage the availability of supply over time yields significant value. We study two such levers, each using the platform’s availability of supply as a means to incentivize participation from buyers who decide strategically when/how often to participate. First, the platform’s listing policy sets the ending times of incoming auctions (hence, the frequency of market clearing). Exploiting a natural experiment, we illustrate that consolidating auctions’ ending times to certain weekdays increases the platform’s revenues by 7.3% mainly by inducing a higher level of bidder participation. The second lever is a recommendation system that can be used to reveal information about real-time market thickness to potential bidders. The optimization of these levers highlights a novel trade-off. Namely, when the platform consolidates auctions’ ending times, more bidders may participate in the marketplace (demand-side competition); but ultimately auctions for substitutable goods cannibalize one another (supply-side competition). To optimize these design decisions, we estimate a structural model that endogenizes bidders’ dynamic behavior, that is, their decisions on whether/how often to participate in the marketplace and how much to bid. We find that appropriately designing a recommendation system yields an additional revenue increase (on top of the benefits obtained by optimizing the platform’s listing policy) by reducing supply-side cannibalization and altering the composition of participating bidders. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Supply and demand of the market'

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