Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Supply Chain Risk Management, Risk Management, Risk Assessment Tool'

In recent years, the growing complexity and dynamism of business models and the need for companies to deal with a productive and competitive international scenario, has facilitated the development of Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) as an interesting area of research for academia and the managerial world. The increasing amount of scientific publications dealing with the study of systemic properties of the supply chain, such as uncertainty, resilience, agility and strength, is the setting for important initiatives in the field of management, but also civil and political. Some examples are the certification program established by the ISO 28000:2007 in the field of Information Security, the introduction of the concepts of risk and variability in benchmarking tools and business process reengineering such as the Supply Chain Council's SCOR model, but also the anti terrorist measures undertaken by the Western States which have far-reaching implications for international trade. The protocols Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) and the Container Security Initiative (CSI), introduced since 2002 are examples of how the Department of Homeland Security of the United States has sought to promote the adoption of Best Practices SCM in risk management for border controls. The introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, was placed under the supervision of the regulators in the financial markets offers some accord on risk sharing agreements and other common practices of SCM. However, the vagueness of the border between trade and public service organizations are throwing new challenges of risk management for all interested entities. In the United Kingdom, for example, the Civil contingencies Act (2004) covers any situation that threatens human welfare, including the interruption in the availability of money, food, water, energy and other goods. All the above initiatives and others, are placed in the context of the current market, mainly characterized by turbulence and uncertainty. A multiplicity of reasons behind the rising trend of market turbulence. The request in almost all industrial sectors seems to be more volatile at present than in the past. The life cycles of products and technologies have been significant reduced on new products and competition makes the prediction of demand and the cycle of life more difficult. At the same time this has increased the vulnerability of the supply chain to noise and disturbances. On the one hand, the extended operating environment has led to a greater exposure to the effects of exogenous factors such as wars, strikes, terrorist attacks or speculation, on the other it has expanded the scope of some changes in business strategy. Many companies have experienced a change in the risk profile of their supply chain in response to changes in their business models, for example through the adoption of lean practices, the extent of outsourcing and a general tendency to reduce the size of the supply base. Given previous arguments that delineate the importance of the topic, there is no universally accepted approach or a scheme to define what actually constitutes a potential threat to the Supply Chain. According to the study of Jüttner et al. (2003) SCRM may include the four key aspects of management: - Assessment of sources of risk in the Supply Chain - Identification of potential adverse consequences for the Supply Chain - Identification of risk drivers - Risk Mitigation for Supply Chain Some scholars point out that although the literature on risk management is fairly well developed, research on the identification of risks is still at an early stage. Companies need to invest resources to identify the risks they face through a systematic approach, but the formal methodologies to support these approaches are not sufficient. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to develop and validate an instrument of SCRM, structured and robust media companies in the management and assessment of hazards in the Supply Chain. It has been prepared in accordance with the following requirements: - an instrument that is Risk Assessment, that allows the different types of contextual risk and pure speculation, with a focus on the analysis of organizational practices and management decisions in response to the more likely diversified forms of Supply Chain Risk - which puts the focus on the impact of risks by adopting a system of aggregate variables (measures of performance of the Supply Chain). Therefore, the mapping of the whole network, which would require the availability of or access to information and data is not realized. This often has no reference to the company The perspective adopted is in fact focused on the company, or the assessment of risks to which a company is exposed to by virtue of the characteristics of the network or networks in which it is inserted, and organizational and management tools and practices that have been provided. Since the reference to the contexts and structures are typically interconnected and interdependent as the Supply Chain, the risk should be considered for the whole network of organizations involved .. This research is based on an adaptation and extension of the risk model proposed by Ritchie and Marshall (1993). As hypothesized, the "Supply Chain Risk" is configured as a compound expression, into which the contributions (for now assumed independent) of some macro-areas or domains (environmental variables, field variables, configuration variables on the Supply Chain-related variables to the members of the Supply Chain, organizational strategy-related variables, and specific variables related to decision-makers). The term "risk factor" is introduced here to indicate a wide range of managerial and organizational practices that may have an impact (in terms of likelihood and consequences) on the results and how they can provide opportunities to improve performance even in the face of increased risk potential. This schematic can be placed in the macro-families listed and a potentially infinite number of "risk factors", which expose the company's business and organization to unintended consequences not only in terms of risk but also performance.
Negli ultimi anni, la crescente complessità e dinamicità dei modelli di business e la necessità per le aziende di confrontarsi con uno scenario produttivo e competitivo internazionale, ha facilitato lo sviluppo del Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) come un’interessante area di ricerca sia per il mondo accademico che per il mondo manageriale. Il crescente aumento delle pubblicazioni scientifiche che affrontano lo studio di proprietà sistemiche delle Supply Chain, come incertezza, resilienza, agilità e robustezza, fa da sfondo ad importanti iniziative in campo manageriale, ma anche civile e politico. Alcuni esempi sono il programma di certificazione stabilito dalla norma ISO 28000:2007 nel campo del Information Security, l’introduzione dei concetti di rischio e variabilità negli strumenti di bechmarking e business process reengineering come il modello SCOR del Supply Chain Council, ma anche i provvedimenti antiterrorismo intrapresi dagli Stati Occidentali che hanno avuto implicazioni di vasta portata per il commercio internazionale. I protocolli Customs–Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) and the Container Security Initiative (CSI), introdotti a partire dal 2002 sono esempi di come il dipartimento di Homeland Security degli Stati Uniti ha inteso promuovere l’adozione di Best Practices SCM, nella gestione dei rischi per i controlli alle frontiere. L’introduzione della legge Sarbanes-Oxley Act nel 2002, ha posto sotto la sorveglianza delle autorità di regolamentazione dei mercati finanziari alcuni accordi di risk sharing ed altre pratiche comuni di SCM. Tuttavia l’indeterminatezza del confine tra questioni commerciali e organizzazioni di pubblico servizio sta gettando nuove sfide di gestione del rischio per tutti gli enti interessati. Nel Regno Unito, ad esempio, il Civil Contingencies Act (2004) comprende ogni situazione che minaccia il benessere umano, tra cui l’interruzione nella disponibilità di denaro, cibo, acqua, energia e altri beni. Tutte le iniziative citate ed altre ancora, si collocano nel contesto del mercato attuale, caratterizzato principalmente da turbolenza e incertezza. Un molteplicità di motivi è alla base della tendenza all’aumento della turbolenza dei mercati. La domanda in quasi tutti i settori industriali sembra essere più volatile che in passato. I cicli di vita di prodotti e tecnologie sono diminuiti sensibilmente e la competizione sui nuovi prodotti rende la previsione della domanda e del ciclo di vita più difficile. Allo stesso tempo è aumentata la vulnerabilità delle Supply Chain ai disturbi e alle perturbazioni. Da un lato l’ambiente operativo esteso ha comportato una maggiore esposizione agli effetti di fattori esogeni come guerre, scioperi, attacchi terroristici o speculazioni, dall’altro esso ha amplificato la portata di certe variazioni nella strategia aziendale. Molte aziende hanno sperimentato un cambiamento nel profilo di rischio delle proprie Supply Chain a seguito di modifiche nei propri modelli di business, ad esempio attraverso l’adozione di pratiche lean, l’estensione dell’outsourcing e una tendenza generale a ridurre l’ampiezza della base di fornitura. A fronte delle argomentazioni precedenti che delineano l’importanza del tema, non esiste un approccio o uno schema universalmente riconosciuto per definire che cosa effettivamente costituisce un rischio a livello di Supply Chain. Secondo lo studio di Juttner et al. (2003) il SCRM può comprendere quattro aspetti gestionali chiave: - Definizione delle sorgenti di rischio nella Supply Chain - Definizione delle potenziali conseguenze avverse per la Supply Chain - Identificazione dei risk drivers - Mitigazione dei rischi per la Supply Chain Alcuni studiosi evidenziano che sebbene la letteratura sul Risk Management sia piuttosto ben sviluppata, la ricerca relativa all’identificazione dei rischi è ancora ad uno stadio preliminare. Le aziende devono investire risorse per identificare i rischi cui sono esposte attraverso un approccio sistematico; tuttavia le metodologie formali di supporto a questi tipi di approccio sono ampiamente insufficienti. Lo scopo di questa tesi è dunque di sviluppare e validare uno strumento di SCRM, strutturato e robusto che supporti le aziende nella gestione e valutazione dei rischi proveniente dalle Supply Chain. Esso è stato approntato nel rispetto dei seguenti requisiti: - che sia uno strumento di Risk Assessment, e consenta la valutazione contestuale dei rischi di tipo puro e speculativo, con una focalizzazione sull’analisi delle pratiche organizzative e delle scelte gestionali che in funzione del contesto sono più suscettibili di veicolare forme diversificate di Supply Chain Risk; - che ponga l’attenzione sull’impatto dei rischi attraverso l’adozione di un sistema di variabili aggregate (misure di prestazione della Supply Chain). Non si realizza pertanto la mappatura di tutto il network, che richiederebbe la disponibilità o l’accesso ad informazioni e dati, che spesso l’azienda di riferimento non possiede. La prospettiva adottata è infatti relativa all’azienda focale, ovvero alla valutazione dei rischi cui un’azienda è esposta in virtù delle caratteristiche del network o dei network in cui è inserita, e degli strumenti o pratiche organizzativo-gestionali di cui si è dotata. Poiché il riferimento è a contesti e strutture interconnesse e interdipendenti come tipicamente sono le Supply Chain, il rischio deve essere considerato relativamente all’intero network di organizzazioni coinvolte. Questa ricerca si basa su un adattamento e un’estensione del modello di rischio proposto da Ritchie and Marshall (1993). Secondo quanto ipotizzato, la funzione “Supply Chain Risk” si configura come un’espressione composta, in cui confluiscono i contributi (per ora assunti indipendenti) di alcune macro-aree o domini (Variabili ambientali, Variabili di settore, Variabili sulla configurazione della Supply Chain, Variabili relative ai membri della Supply Chain, Variabili relative alla strategia organizzativa, Variabili specifiche, Variabili collegate ai decision-maker). Questa schematizzazione consente di collocare nelle macro-famiglie elencate un numero potenzialmente infinito di “fattori di rischio”, che espongono il business aziendale e l’organizzazione a conseguenze indesiderate in termini di rischio ma anche di performance. Il concetto “fattore di rischio” è qui introdotto per indicare un vasto insieme di pratiche gestionali ed organizzative che possono avere un impatto (in termini di probabilità e conseguenze) sui risultati; così come possono fornire delle opportunità per migliorare le prestazioni sebbene a fronte di un incremento del rischio potenziale. La ricerca è volta a dimostrare che una tale struttura costituisce un’ottima base di riferimento per ogni schema di Assessment del rischio nella Supply Chain. Essa assume quindi un significato rilevante dal punto di vista concettuale, inserendosi in un filone di letteratura ancora non completamente esplorato, e dal punto di vista pratico attraverso gli obiettivi elencati.

The forward and reverse supply chains have unique characteristics that vary among different organizations. Most organizations manage and quantify risks in the forward supply chain by utilizing various available risk management tools. These risk management tools have been developed solely for the forward supply chain. This research presents the development and implementation of a risk management tool to be used to manage and quantify risks specifically in the reverse supply chain. Implementation of this tool at Company ABC demonstrates how the risk management tool is used in order to be beneficial to the organization. The tool is designed to be easily implemented at minimal cost and serves as a valuable tool for personnel faced with important and costly decisions regarding risk occurrence in the reverse supply chain network.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2008.
Major professor: Roya Javadpour, Ph.D. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Engineering with specialization in Integrated Technology Management." "June 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55). Also available online. Also available on microfiche (1 sheet).

The concept of supply chain management has become an important issue for companies today in order to keep or gain competitive advantage. It is all about managing your supply chain to reach the highest possible efficiency and increase profits through cooperation with your supply chain partners. A supply chain is however vulnerable to several threats, or risks, that decreases the overall efficiency and influences the business performance.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the internal risks that can be found in a basic internal supply chain in order to make an assessment of their manageability and impact using a specific case. To do this a case study of Thule Trailers AB in Jönköping was conducted. Thule Trailers AB chose to offshore their main production of components to Poland in 2003, so the company’s internal supply chain was expanded outside of Sweden. This research looks closer at the interactions between Thule Trailers AB in Jönköping and their internal supplier plant in Poland. The research was conducted using a qualitative method with several interviews with representatives in both Jönköping and Poland, during which a number of internal risks were identified in Thule Trailers AB in Jönköpings’ internal supply chain.

The conclusions made are that the internal risks identified, i.e. communication risks, quality risks etc, might not have as great an influence on the company as would external risks, they can however in comparison be managed. The findings suggest that the issues with e.g. quality and delivery basically come down to insufficient communication inside the internal supply chain.

Another conclusion that could be drawn is that since the internal risks in the internal supply chain all are ripple effects, its source is almost always external, which implies that their avoidance is difficult. At least they cannot be eliminated completely by the company itself, it needs to be done in cooperation with the company’s external supply chain partners.

There is potential to solve most of the internal problems that can be managed internally if both parties are prepared to put some real effort into reducing the risk sources. The risks are manageable and need to be managed to reduce the impact it has for the customer and end customer in turn. The authors of this thesis believe that for a company to be successful, the end customer has to be prioritized in almost every situation, and this goes for all of the members in the supply chain, especially the internal ones.

Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 40-41).
Supply chains in the pharmaceutical industry are growing increasingly more complex and expanding their geographic reach both in manufacturing production and to the end consumer, the patient. Physical development, manufacturing and distribution of these drugs, both of biologics and small molecules, is extremely technical in science and processes. Additionally, the industry is highly regulated with nuanced requirements that vary by country of origin and consumption, adding complexity to the drug development process. For these reasons, companies are pushing for longer range planning and forecasting of their drug pipelines, beginning the process earlier for drugs that are in pre-clinical phases of production in order to adequately plan for capacity in manufacturing and distribution. Working with data on a number of small molecules across different lines of treatment in the drug development pipeline, a discrete event simulation model was developed to simulate production quantity outputs given varying levels of stochastic parameters such as drug dosage, treatment duration, patient population, patient compliance, and competitive market share. Results from the simulations were used to assess manufacturing capacity risk given capacity and resource capabilities. The outputs of the model built in this thesis can be used to better inform capacity planning decisions for these early stage molecules.
by Emily Chen.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).
.Amgen is attempting to increase the impact that its products make in people's lives. To meet this goal, the company is aggressively working to reach more patients through growth opportunities in international markets and expects to significantly increase its existing footprint and product impact over the next several years. While the current market entry practices for emerging markets are meeting Amgen's needs, rapid expansion poses significant challenges. This thesis explores two primary aspects, the investigation of improvement opportunities in the commercialization of emerging markets and the development of a risk assessment model applicable to new market commercial entry. Both aspects relate to the larger problem of rapid international expansion and support its resolution in different forms. The assessment of improvement opportunities for emerging market commercialization strives to develop a tangible set of actions the organization can take forth in order to enhance the planning and execution of new market entry. The analysis is accomplished through an in depth study to determine the current level performance for commercial market entry. Based on the current state determination, a future vision is established which incorporates fundamental principles of operational excellence methodologies, integrating various techniques to develop a cohesive approach for improving current entry practices. An improvement roadmap is developed, detailing out specific actions, utilizing a phased implementation approach that allows for making incremental improvements. The risk assessment model establishes a tool the organization can utilize in order to properly identify risk associated with emerging market entry and enhance the decision making process that occurs at a senior leadership level as to whether or not a country should be entered. A scenario based evaluation methodology integrates cross-functional expertise across the organization assimilating information that is normally isolated to a small group within the company. The model determines risk levels for each scenario, generates a risk report and an output review is conducted with subject matter experts (SME) and functional leads. Scenarios that potentially require remediation are reviewed in a detailed risk assessment and resolved as necessary. Any substantial cost associated with control efforts are incorporated into the financial analysis for the target launch country, providing a better depiction of cost versus reward. Thus, the model increases the firm's ability to make agile risk-informed market entry decisions while providing a standardized method that is scalable cross-regionally.
by Seth Brian White.
S.M.
M.B.A.

Interferences to supply chains, regardless of whether they are regular, unplanned or intentional, are progressively distorting supply chain execution. Given that such disruptions are probably not going to diminish, for the time being, supply chain risk mitigating solutions will assume an undeniably critical part of the management of supply chains. This research acknowledges the existence of an extensive variety of approaches to mitigate risks across supply chains, yet argues that most methodologies may not be reasonable if the culture of an organisation does not support them. Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) has rapidly become of significance to the world economy. Though the supply of electrical energy in Southern Africa affects the economies of nations around the globe, it has received too little consideration from the literary community. The focus of this thesis is to expand the field of SCRM by analysing how different risk assessment and management concepts and practices are comprehended, construed and employed through the region. The majority of developed supply chain management and risk management models are currently entrenched in the US and Europe. Consequently, this research is of high significance since its essential aim was to investigate these concepts and models, in particular, one focused on Africa. This approach enabled the thesis to examine and test components related to SCRM, such as risk categories, risk assessment and risk strategies, in the electrical energy sector in South Africa. The study in this manner offers knowledge that was not otherwise accessible in earlier research. In pursuit of meeting the requirements of the research questions, the supply chain department in the electrical energy supplier was researched. This study adopted the non-probability sampling approach utilising the purposive sampling technique to choose the sampling components from the target population. Data was collected by way of conducting semi-structured interviews and researcher observation, as well as additional documentation in various forms was collected. Interviews were transcribed and evaluated in conjunction with additional data collected during meetings and triangulated using researcher observation. Data interpretation and codification thereof was done using ATLAS.ti 8 by which, twenty-five themes emerged from this study. Supply chain risks comprise value streams; information and affiliations; supply chain activities; and external situations. Among these, information and relationships risks were found to produce selfupgrading risk loops, thereby generating consequent risk impacts after disturbances. To mitigate these risks, the case firm must engage in local and international supply chain implemented strategies, such as building a stable supply chain network, leveraging supply chain information, leveraging outsourcing contracts and developing supply-chain risk collaboration partnerships, although the level of implementation depends on the business context. Among the ten identified themes, building a stable supply chain and developing supply chain collaboration strategies can be useful in strengthening both robustness and resilience in supply chain risk management. Customer orientation had positive impacts on all themes, but disruption orientation and quality orientation influenced only certain types of strategies. The study makes ten recommendations, which can be implemented by the case firm; the results of the interviews are evidence that all the tools are available. The thesis concludes with a summary of overall findings and areas for further research are also highlighted.

evaluate disruption risks in the supply chain of petroleum production. This methodology is developed to formalise and facilitate the systematic integration and implementation of various models; such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and various statistical tests. The methodology is validated with the case of Nigeria’s oil industry. The study revealed the need to provide a responsive approach to managing the influence of geopolitical risk factors affecting supply chain in the petroleum production industry. However, the exploration and production risk, and geopolitical risk were identified as concomitant risk factors that impact performance in Nigeria’s oil industry. The research findings show that behavioural-based mechanisms successfully predict the ability of the petroleum industry to manage supply chain risks. The significant implication for this study is that the current theoretical debate on the supply chain risk management creates the understanding of agency theory as a governing mechanism for supply chain risk in the Nigerian oil industry. The systematic approach results provide an insight and objective information for decisions-making in resolving disruption risk to the petroleum supply chain in Nigeria. Furthermore, this study highlights to stakeholders on how to develop supply chain risk management strategies for mitigating and building resilience in the supply chain in the Nigerian oil industry. The developed systematic method is associated with supply chain risk management and performance measure. The approach facilitates an effective way for the stakeholders to plan according to their risk mitigation strategies. This will consistently help the stakeholders to evaluate supply chain risk and respond to disruptions in supply chain. This capability will allow for efficient management of supply chain and provide the organization with quicker response to customer needs, continuity of supply, lower costs of operations and improve return on investment in the Nigeria oil industry. Therefore, the methodology applied provide a new way for implementing good practice for managing disruption risk in supply chain. Further, the systematic approach provides a simplistic modelling process for disruption risk evaluation for researchers and oil industry professionals. This approach would develop a holistic procedure for monitoring and controlling disruption risk in supply chains practices in Nigeria.

Considering the prominence of green supply chain management (GrSCM) research has developed expressively in this field. However, there is a dearth of studies from emerging economies comprised of modelling and empirical testing of hypotheses. Moreover, the literature is lacking the empirical evidence on the determinants of GrSCM practices by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) especially in the case of Pakistan. The literature has yet to determine what green practices are being adopted by SMEs in Pakistan, an elucidation why GrSCM practices are adhered, what construct is appropriate to evaluate adoption of GrSCM practices by SMEs in Pakistan, and whether mediation of internal factors exits between the relationship of GrSCM practices and external pressure. This dissertation uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate GrSCM practices adoption, the appropriate construct for evaluating green practices, and examining three potentially important determinants in Pakistani SMEs. With the data collected in two stages from the SMEs sector of Pakistan, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-dimension structure for measuring the GrSCM practices. Subsequently, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out on two measurement models (i.e. first and second order) of GrSCM adoption based on EFA. The empirically outcomes advocates that both models for GrSCM adoption are valid and reliable, however the second order model has better fit indices. The SEM testing shows significant results for mediation of internal factors in the hypothesized relationship among the GrSCM practices and external pressures. For academicians and supply chain mangers these results yield several exciting theoretical and practical implications.

Maritime container supply chains (MCSCs) is exposed to various risks arising from both internal operations and the external environment, and the increasing complexity of the modern global logistics system makes the situation even worse, thus causing a significant challenge to the effective risk management of MCSCs. However, systematic studies on this topic are relatively few. In view of this, this study aims to explore and analyse various MCSC risks, develop suitable risk assessment methods, and evaluate the overall performance of MCSCs from a systematic perspective, so as to ensure the safety, reliability, and resilience of MCSCs. This research starts with the identification and classification of all possible risk factors that may be involved in an MCSC based on a comprehensive literature review, and the research results are further validated through a Delphi expert survey. The identified risk factors are then analysed, screened, and assessed in detail. The novelty of this study lies not only on the risk assessment of MCSCs under an uncertain environment from a supply chain level but also on the consideration of the impact of risk condition of each individual MCSC on the overall performance of the entire container supply network. The research results will provide useful insights and valuable information for both researchers and practitioners on the risk analysis and assessment of MCSCs, which is beneficial to different types of stakeholders involved in the maritime shipping industry. The work is also able to provide a theoretical foundation for risk-based decision making and shipping route optimisation in further work. Although the risk assessment methods are presented on the basis of the specific context in MCSCs, it is believed that, with domain-specific knowledge and data, they can also be tailored for a wide range of applications to evaluate the reliability and performance of other supply chain systems, especially where a high level of uncertainty is involved.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With globalisation and the accompanying increase in international trade there is a great drive towards performing risk assessments on the quality of products. Such assessments are of particular importance within the food and drug industry, so much that this approach is also being adapted by the FDA in their analysis of the quality of products and probable risks to it. The pharmaceutical industry is heavily regulated to reduce or eliminate the production and distribution of poor quality products. Pharmaceuticals have to be of high quality as people's lives depend on it. Many pharmaceutical companies import raw materials from international manufacturers or international agents. In most cases the raw material or the products have to go through a long and complicated supply chain. The more parties involved in the supply chain, the greater the risk to product quality. Supply chain partnerships have therefore become critical to manage these risks to product quality throughout the supply chain. In order to manage risks to product quality, it has become vital to perform product quality risk assessments, especially through the supply chain. In this study the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) is used to perform a risk assessment of risks to product quality throughout the supply chain. To obtain the criticality of the risks the Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMCEA) is applied. Quality improvement systems which contribute towards managing the risks to product quality are also discussed in this report. By managing quality risks to pharmaceutical products along with using quality as a strategy, the pharmaceutical company contributes towards improved health for patients as well as customer satisfaction, business success and excellence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toepassing van die analise van die risiko op produkte is vinnig besig om te vermeerder. Die FDA gaan dit toepas in hulle analise van die kwaliteit van produkte en die risiko wat daarmee gepaard gaan, in die voedsel en medisyne bedryf. Die farmaseutiese industrie word baie streng gereguleer om te verhoed dat die produksie en distribusie van swak kwaliteit produkte ervaar word. Farmaseutiese produkte moet van hoë gehalte wees, omdat die gesondheid van pasiënte daarvan afhang. Baie farmaseutiese maatskappye bestel rou materiale van oorsese makelaars en in baie gevalle moet die rou materiale deur 'n lang en gekompliseerde voorsieningsketting gaan. Hoe meer agente betrokke is, hoe hoër word die risiko met respek tot die kwaliteit van die produk. Die voorsieningsketting speel 'n kritiese rol om te verseker dat risikos beheer kan word, omdat elke party verantwoordelik is vir die lewering van kwaliteitsprodukkte. Om te verseker dat risikos beheer word, het dit belangrik geword om risiko analise te doen op die kwaliteit van produkte, veral wanneer in die voorsieningsketting. In hierdie studie word die "Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEAJ' gebruik om 'n risiko analise te doen met betrekking tot risikos op 'n produk se kwaliteit wanneer in die voorsieningsketting. Die "Failure Mode Effect, and Criticality Analysis (FMECAJ', word ook toegepas om te bereken hoe krities die risiko is. Verbeteringstelsels wat bydra tot die beheer en kontrole van risikos vir produk kwaliteit word ook in hierdie studie bespreek. Deur die risikos te beheer op die kwaliteit van produkte, dra die farmaseutiese maatskappy by tot beter gesondheid vir pasiente, en verseker klient satisfaksie en suksesvolle besigheid.

Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Júnior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: As empresas, em busca de redução de custo e melhoria da eficiência, tornam as suas cadeias de suprimentos mais globalizadas e complexas. Com isso, um evento que ocorre em uma parte do mundo pode afetar uma empresa situada do outro lado. Como consequência, o grau de exposição ao risco aumenta na mesma proporção da globalização. Assim, o gerenciamento de risco tornou-se um instrumento para as empresas identificarem, avaliarem e tratarem os riscos, permitindo tomar ações para mitigá-los. O setor farmacêutico brasileiro foi selecionado por ser um setor com uma forte cultura de qualidade e preocupação com a segurança dos seus produtos. Pois sabe das graves consequências das falhas de seus produtos. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar a percepção da probabilidade de ocorrência de uma relação de eventos de risco e a percepção de risco na cadeia de suprimentos da indústria farmacêutica, na visão dos gestores de logística. Também identificar qual é o propósito do gerenciamento do risco na cadeia de suprimentos, quais são os princípios aceitos e/ou aplicáveis para a mitigação dos riscos e quem são os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento de risco na empresa. Utiliza-se um questionário para coletar a percepção da probabilidade de ocorrência dos eventos de risco e outro questionário para coletar a percepção de risco na cadeia de suprimentos. Também identificar qual é o propósito do gerenciamento de risco, quais são os princípios aceitos e/ou aplicáveis e quem são os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento de risco nas empresas. As respostas serão analisadas de forma geral e pelo grupo de tamanho do faturamento das empresas, usando o percentual da frequência das respostas e os resultados apresentados em gráficos e tabelas
Abstract: As companies seek to reduce costs and improve efficiency, they make their supply chain more global and complex. As a result, an event that takes place in one part of the world can adversely affect a company located elsewhere. Additionally, the degree of exposure to a risk increases at the same rate as globalization. Risk management has become a tool used by many companies to identify, assess and address risk events, and take appropriate actions to mitigate them. The Brazilian pharmaceutical industry has been selected because it is a sector with a strong quality culture and concerned with product security. This sector is aware of the severe consequences when they products fail. This study has as its purpose to identify the perception of probability of occurrence of risk events and the perception of risk in the supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry within the view of logistics managers. Also, identify which is the purpose of risk management in the supply chain and which are the acceptable and/or applicable principles to mitigate risks and who are those responsible for risk management in a company. Answers will be analyzed in general and by grouping companies by size, using the percentage of responses frequency and showing the results in graphics and tables
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a methodical drawback analysis of a financial supplier risk management approach which is currently implemented in the automotive industry. Based on identified methodical flaws, the risk assessment model is further developed by introducing a malus system which incorporates hidden risks into the model and by revising the derivation of the most central risk measure in the current model. Both methodical changes lead to significant enhancements in terms of risk assessment accuracy, supplier identification and workload efficiency.
NSBE - UNL

碩士
國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
102
Many countries actively promote the mandatory measures of GHG mitigation, such as cap and trad e, efficiency benchmark, lower carbon footprint and so on the effects pass through the global green supply chain affecting upstream and downstream manufacturers, it is practical to improve the cost of carbon reduction on the supply chain industry. This will impact the production value chain and competitiveness, known as carbon risk (Busch and Hoffmann, 2007). Therefore, this study reviews articles associated with supply chain and carbon risks, which build the assessment of carbon risk formula and define supply chain on energy-intensive industries, calculate the energy-intensive industries spillover effects of the supply chain found in the carbon management of subject industry in the supply chain. Further more, sets four scenarios, Scenario 1: power saving policies; Scenario 2: energy saving policy; Scenario 3: overall energy saving policy; Scenario four: carbon intensity decreased policies. The study uses Relevant industry analysis against Taiwan’s energy-intensive industries to analyze and assess the strategy about carbon risk. The Findings are as follows: supply chain carbon management industry is affected by the subject, such as industry characteristics and intermediate inputs of carbon emissions; the management industry of carbon risk improved performance which will different with situations , therefore, there are different ways for each industry carbon management strategies in the supply chain. Before we implement the industrial supply we start with chain carbon management, the way should be chosen through direct or indirect emissions. Finally, we introduce green supply chain carbon management measures and approaches to strengthening our supply chain carbon management.

碩士
明新科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士在職專班
104
Business on the supply chain management is not comprehensive or considered un-distributively in the past. When the risks happened, they led to the materials and spare parts shortages and resulted serious losses of the enterprise. Therefore, managing supply chain risk effectiveiy will maintain the competitive advantage of major challenges for an enterprise. This study is mainly used the concept of supply chain risk to establish the important upply chain management risk assessment decision factors for the solar silicon wafer industry. A total of 10 questionnaires is issued for substrate solar plant purchasing department, purchasing, quality assurance department, accounting department as the research object. Three rounds of Delphi expert questionnaires are used to obtain the concerned criterion for analytic hierarchy process (AHP) expert questionnaire. The fourth round expert questionnaire is adopted to investigate the impact of the supply chain risk assessment factors in the overall score ranking. The results of the study, according to the different levels of risk, summed up a total of three types of risk, ten risk dimensions and thirty-five risk performance evaluation indicators. The results of analytic hierarchy process, AHP are obtained as the overall ranking scores. For the purpose of further control, the top ten factors, such as construction internal control evaluation system, the market trend forecast error leads to the loss are proposed to be the main risk factors. Finally, the risk response plans for the main risk factors are constructed.

博士
國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
106
Competition among enterprises is becoming increasingly complex. The development of information technology (IT) renders the Internet boundless and leads to the expansion of social media. However, the infrastructure of the IT environment creates obstacles and limits the competence or capability of enterprises to respond rapidly to market changes. Social media allows enterprises to deal effectively with such shifts. The benefits of social media include boosting the productivity of enterprises or individuals, facilitating collaboration, mining insights from data, and developing and hosting applications. Although social media, as an innovative medium of communication provides a novel interactive model in comparison with traditional face-to-face communication, enterprises cannot avoid uncertainty and risks when they adopt social media. Numerous studies have revealed that enterprises emphasize risk management in supply chains. With the rapid growth of social media, new challenges have emerged not only for each supply chain management (SCM) process but also for all supply chain stakeholders. If the opinion of enterprises about the risks associated with the adoption of social media in the supply chain is understood, thenvarious types of behavior of enterprises in social media that use risk control and management strategies will help in the design of a response strategy of enterprises in the supply chain. To maximize the potential of social media, managers and designers of SCM systems must identify ways to use social media n improving the effectiveness and efficiency of their systems. An appropriate assessment framework for risks and their interdependencies in SCM must be built before adopting social media. This study examines enterprises’ use of social media, regards SCM as a category, and determines the sources of risk in the use of social media in the supply chain in line with the development status of social media. The fuzzy Delphi method is adpoted to confirm the importance of key risk factors, and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is used to confirm the relationship amonf the risk criteria. The key risk criteria are combined with DEMATEL-based analytic network process (DANP) weights to show the relative importance of the dimensions or criteria in the supply chain of Taiwan’s machine accessory industry. This study provides empirical evidence that for different stakeholders within different social engagement phases, the risks they encounter when adopting social media are different, and this problem with two perspectives can be solved by DANP. This study aims explore the risks and respond strategies of supply chains when adopting social media through the two perspectives.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Public Management, Durban University of Technology, 2017.
Disasters are on the increase globally with devastating effects. The devastation caused by these disasters in various countries highlights the need for increased commitment and investment, by government and various stakeholders, in disaster risk reduction. This study investigated disaster risk reduction strategies in Zimbabwe’s dairy supply chains. The study was initiated on the premise that Zimbabwe is at high risk and vulnerable to natural and man-made hazards. The study is set in the backdrop of declining output across all agricultural sectors evident particularly in the dairy farming sector that has seen inadequate supply of raw milk and dairy products by local producers in Zimbabwe. This study therefore sought to assess the collaborative strategies by government, dairy organisations and dairy supply chain stakeholders to reduce disaster risks in the dairy industry. The study employed a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) to investigate collaborative disaster risk reduction strategies used by dairy supply chain stakeholders to avoid supply chain disruptions. The study used a sample size of 92 dairy farmers, from major milk producing regions of Zimbabwe, for the questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha test for reliability showed a reliable questionnaire. Furthermore, the study used information from key informants, 30 retailers and 20 dairy officers for one-on-one interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA (version 13). OLS regression analysis was done and results were compared with those of the Tobit models as a test for robustness of the results. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis derived from observations and interviews and descriptive statistics presented in tables and bar charts. Notable in the literature reviewed is lack of coordination amongst stakeholders in strategies to reduce disaster risks in dairy supply chains in Zimbabwe. This study adopted a collaborative proactive framework and tested it as a strategy to reduce disaster risks in dairy supply chains. The study gives four major findings. Firstly, dairy supply chains in Zimbabwe were exposed to a number of risks which are: international competition, competition from local giants, financial risks, political risks, technological risks, environmental risks and production risks. Secondly, findings from regression analysis indicated that an overall index of disaster risks significantly influenced job losses, food security, milk productivity and growth of ventures in dairy businesses. Thirdly, there were isolated cases of planned coordination by stakeholders in the industry to reduce the negative effects of disasters across the supply chain. There was collaboration among dairy farmers, processors, NGOs, and government departments of agriculture and environment. Fourthly, an index of collaborative strategies regressed against dependent variables of variables of supply chain cost, lead time milk sales, and variety and quality of milk demonstrated that collaborative strategies in dairy supply chain significantly influenced supply chain costs and variety and quality of milk and milk products. It is expected that the study will assist government in the formulation of public policies for the dairy sector leading to improved access to high quality raw milk and milk products for consumers thus resulting in improved nutrition and food security for the people of Zimbabwe. Policy recommendations highlight that instead of the current maximum of the 5 year lease given to white commercial farmers, the government should consider issuing out long term leases in order to protect long-term investment in dairy projects. Government should, therefore, create an enabling environment for stakeholder partnerships in the dairy sector.
D

Maritime operations perform a global interface function connecting international, regional and domestic supply chain networks within a transportation and distribution platform. Due to the pivotal role of trade, maritime operations have the potential to generate wide-scale disruptive effects along supply chains. Basically, various unwanted internal and external factors that create uncertainty and severe negative consequences in the maritime leg can be defined as maritime disruptions. This includes risks associated with safety and security, the environment, infrastructure, markets, organisation, and leadership factors. However, the short and long-term effects of maritime disruptions do not appear to be widely understood or in some cases even considered by supply chain entities. By exploring and understanding the causes and effects of maritime disruptions, supply chain entities may be better prepared to manage the challenges presented by maritime disruptions and recognising the benefits of developing disruption management strategies. Due to the globalisation of wheat supply chains, the increased risk of maritime disruption has become a major limiting factor in the efficient movement of wheat from producers (wheat farmers) to global end consumers. This is also evident in the wheat supply chain between Australia and Indonesia, which is the context of this research. Despite wheat being one of the dominant seaborne trade commodities between the two countries, the wheat supply chain is complex because it utilises international shipping (ports in Australia to Indonesia) and the domestic maritime chain (via inter-island shipping in Indonesia). This thesis argues that the maritime leg of the wheat supply chain creates increased operational risks among entities in the wheat supply chain between the two countries. Therefore, the thesis focuses on one major research question: Does the maritime leg contribute to disruptions in the wheat supply chain between Australia and Indonesia? To further examine this research question three sub-research questions are explored:(i) Are shippers and consignees aware of the disruptions that may occur in the maritime leg of the Australian-Indonesian wheat supply chain? (ii) Are shippers and consignees in the Australian-Indonesian wheat supply chain implementing supply risk assessments or mitigation strategies to minimise the maritime disruption events? (iii) Are current risk mitigation and detection processes in maritime operations effective in the Australian-Indonesian wheat supply chain systems? To address the above research questions, the study uses both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. These combined methods analyse the stages of disruptive events in maritime operations and identifies direct and indirect driving factors. The sample for the study consists of senior managers in the wheat supply chain from both Australia and Indonesia because of their key involvement in the decision making process after disruptions occur and when disruption management strategies are developed. The senior managers were interviewed via telephone using a structured questionnaire to obtain information on their perceptions of the risk of disruption, detailed processes of disruption discovery and recovery, and the probability levels of various disruption management scenario assessments. An overall response rate of 68 per cent (34 respondents) was achieved with each in-depth telephone interview averaging 32 minutes with a range of 15 to 90 minutes. Data analysis is conducted in two stages. The first stage analyses the time and financial costs along the wheat supply chain of maritime disruptions in terms of probability, consequences, frequency rate and propagation effects both in Australia and Indonesia, including the role of third and fourth party logistics in both creating and managing maritime disruptions. In this stage, previous disruption management strategies during the three stages of maritime disruption: pre-, during and post-disruption are explored. The study finds the existence of 40 different disruptions in the wheat supply chain of which 17 disruptive events dominantly occur in the Australian-Indonesian wheat supply chain. The study also reveals that mitigation, adaptation, coordination and intervention are supply chain risk management strategies that are normally implemented by entities in managing maritime disruptions along the wheat supply chain. In the second stage, the Markov chain process was used as the prime means to evaluate the disruption management strategies based on four major business scenarios such as contingency plan, flexible inventory strategy, business continuity management, and recovery planning. Compared to other statistical methods, the Markov process enables the prediction of future consequences of maritime disruptions given a previous probability level that involves constantly changing occurrences of maritime disruptive events. In addition, the Markov decision process (MDP) combines. As a result of the MDP analysis, multi-disruption management scenarios are recommended to optimise financial and time costs of strategies implemented when maritime disruptions occur. The study also finds that farmers and final consumers are entities that are highly likely to experience maritime disruptions along the wheat supply chain, as the consequences of disruptions in the chain are passed on to them.

An ever-increasing number of companies have bought into the Africa investment proposition, and are now focusing on how to effectively execute a growth strategy in what remains an inherently complex environment to do business. African markets are progressively open for business. Despite perceptions of elevated risk, in many ways, the continent is no different to others. Sound business practices enable well-run firms to convert business strategies into actual results, regardless of where these firms are placed. The research shows that AngloAmerican Platinum investment decisions were based on more than cost-benefit returns. There was more to Anglo’s case for investing in Zimbabwe. Political knowledge and organisational structure and national culture were implicitly part of AngloAmerican Platinum decision making. Political criteria have become increasingly entwined with business decisions in emerging economies in Africa where medium-to-long-term stability is questioned. Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) plays a major role in successfully managing business processes in a proactive manner. Supply chain risk has multiple sources including process, control, demand, supply and environment. Supply chain management, faced with these risks, requires specific and adequate responses such as techniques, attitude and strategies for management of risk. Since every organisation strives for success and uninterrupted operations, efficient supply chain risk management is crucial. Supply chain risk management has the ability to achieve a competitive advantage where a risk is identified, estimated, managed and controlled. The study assesses development and implementation of supply chain risk management strategies in African markets, by using UNKI Platinum mine in Zimbabwe as a case study. This approach provides insight to a real-world setting that could be applied in a broader context. The aim was met by interviewing nine senior managers and executives who directly or indirectly participated in the development and implementation of supply chain risk management at UNKI Platinum mine. Furthermore, two suppliers and two industry experts were interviewed to ensure validity of the research case study. The data from the interviews were combined with data from the literature review. The study concludes with a list of factors that can be deemed to be important to the development of entry-strategies into Zimbabwe. Moreover, another list of themes emphasizing the elements of importance in the development and implementation of supply chain risk management strategy were identified. In essence, the leanings are used to propose a conceptual framework for supply chain risk management strategies in Africa.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
lmgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

The focus of this thesis is to examine the use of techniques of risk management employed by companies in Central Queensland's mining manufacturing supply chain. This is a rapidly growing industry sector supporting one of Queensland's major export industries. The specific objective of this research is to examine how companies in the supply chain employ techniques to identify, assess, and manage supply risks.

The research methodology entailed the use of in-depth interviews of companies in Rockhampton, Mackay and Yeppoon in Central Queensland. This method has been selected because of limited empirical data relating to supply chain issues in this field. Quantitative questions have been incorporated into an interview questionnaire to gain more information in the limited time available. A total of 21 interviews were conducted, and methods of qualitative description and descriptive statistics have been used to analyse the subsequent data.

The results show that Supply Unavailable, Supply Price Increase, and Unpredictable Lead Times are three main sources of supply risks perceived by respondents. For risk identification and assessment, specific techniques have been adopted widely, especially Communication with Suppliers. For risk mitigation, Alternative Suppliers when Supply Interrupted is perceived as the most important technique to reduce the impact of risk occurrence, while Close Working Relationship with Suppliers and Localised Sourcing are broadly used as the techniques to reduce the likelihood of risk occurrence. However, traditional buffer-oriented techniques, such as Multiple Sourcing, and Increased Stockpiling and Buffer Inventory, are not as popular in this industry as would be expected from published literature.

M.Comm.
The demand for products which are distributed through pipelines has increased worldwide over the last decade. These increases in demand have irrevocably impacted upon top management’s perceptions of risks associated with energy pipeline supply chains. Even in South Africa, the increase in demand for products such as diesel, jet fuel and petrol, which are supplied through the energy pipeline supply chains have increased the risks associated with energy pipeline supply chains. This study explores the different risks associated with South African energy pipelines, and investigates whether these risks can have an influence on the business as well as the physical environment of the energy pipeline supply chains. A literature study was conducted and three energy pipeline supply organisations surveyed to determine what their specific viewpoints were regarding the risks faced by the South African energy pipeline supply chains.

This study investigated and examined the effectiveness and implementation of the existing internal controls designed specifically for exempted micro-enterprises (EMEs) contracting with the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA), in order to minimise the risk of possible tax evasion within the supply-chain management (SCM) processes. The research was completed by conducting a document review and face-to-face interviews with SASSA‟s SCM practitioners, risk manager, fraud and corruption manager, internal-control manager and internal auditor in order to identify risks of possible tax evasion within the SCM processes. It was concluded that there is a risk of possible tax evasion within the SCM processes due to the ineffectiveness and inconsistent implementation of internal controls designed for EMEs contracting with SASSA. This risk could be minimised by incorporating possible anti-tax-evasion procedures in the risk-assessment process, and ultimately in SASSA‟s broader fraud and corruption strategies. Such procedures should then help minimise funds being lost to the fiscus due to tax evasion in the SCM processes.
Taxation
M. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)