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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Supply chromium

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Academic literature on the topic 'Supply chromium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Supply chromium"

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Ge, Zewen, and Mingzhu Liu. "Revealing the potential mineral constraints in China’s hydropower infrastructure under climate change targets." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2969, no. 1 (2025): 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2969/1/012005.

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Abstract Hydropower will expand rapidly under China’s carbon neutrality target to address global climate change. However, such expansion will cause potential conflicts between the supply of critical minerals used in hydropower and the increasing demands. Hence, this study aims to explore such mineral constraints by predicting the future demands for copper, chromium, zinc, and lead in the hydropower under different climate scenarios and assess the potential supply risks of these minerals. Results show that the cumulative demands for such critical minerals will be 4248 kilotons under carbon neut

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Cattaruzza, E., R. Bertoncello, F. Trivillin, et al. "Chromium implantation in silica glass." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 1 (1996): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0028.

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Silica glass was implanted with chromium at the energy of 35 and 160 keV and at fluences varying from 1 × 1016 to 11 × 1016 ions cm−2. In a set of chromium-implanted samples significant amounts of carbon were detected. Samples were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Chromium silicide and chromium oxide compounds were observed; the presence of carbon in the implanted layers induces the further formation of chromium carbide species. Thermodynamic considerations

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Yari, M., A. Nikkhah, M. Alikhani, M. Khorvash, H. Rahmani, and G. R. Ghorbani. "Physiological calf responses to increased chromium supply in summer." Journal of Dairy Science 93, no. 9 (2010): 4111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2568.

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Ardashev, D. V., L. V. Shipulin, and A. S. Degtyareva-Kashutina. "Aspects of Applying Hard Chromium Coatings on the Inner Surfaces of Components for Hydraulic Drives with Hydrostatic Guideways." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.827.

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We considered the processes of chromium plating the inner surfaces of the components of cylinders with hydrostatic guideways. We demonstrated the various aspects of the chromium plating process – the limitations placed on the machinery depending on the dimensions of the parts to be plated and the unevenness of the deposition rate of chromium along the length of the part. We developed a diagram of an installation for the application of a hard chromium coating on inner surfaces, which includes a cathode, an anode, a tank, and a pipeline. The distinctive features of the installation are the metho

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Bougle, D., F. Bureau, G. Deschrevel, et al. "Chromium and Parenteral Nutrition in Children." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 17, no. 1 (1993): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1993.tb10916.x.

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SummaryChromium (Cr) dosage was assayed in i.v. nutrition, serum, and losses of five children on total parenteral nutrition for 4 weeks. The Cr supply (4.7 ± 1.2 μUg/kg/day) was above recommended levels (0.5 μUg/kg/day). Serum (18.2 ± 1.8 μUg/L) and urine (37.4 ± 10.5 μUg/L) were also higher than control values (0.7–0.9 μUg/L and 0.2–0.8 μUg/L, respectively). Serum and urine Cr concentrations displayed a positive correlation. Serum Cr and Fc showed a negative correlation. These results confirm the potential toxicity of Cr previously reported in animals. Cr levels of i.v. nutrition solutes shou

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Roślak, Adam, Józef Doering, Wioletta Strzałka, et al. "Formation and Mechano-Chemical Properties of Chromium Fluorides Originated from the Deposition of Carbon-Chromium Nanocomposite Coatings in the Reactive Atmosphere (Ar + CF4) during Magnetron Sputtering." Materials 17, no. 20 (2024): 5034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17205034.

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The literature analysis did not indicate any studies on fluorination tests of carbon nanocomposite coatings doped with transition metals in a form of nanocrystalline metal carbide in amorphous carbon matrix (nc-MeC/a-C). As a model coating to investigate the effect of fluorination in a tetrafluoromethane (CF4) atmosphere, a nanocomposite carbon coating doped with chromium-forming nanocrystals of chromium carbides in a-C matrix (nc-CrC/a-C) produced by magnetron sputtering from graphite targets and using a Pulse-DC type medium frequency power supply was chosen. After the deposition of the gradi

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Piegdoń, Izabela. "Variability of Drinking Water Quality on the Basis of Analysis of Qualitative Monitoring from a Selected Water Supply Network Located in South-Eastern Poland." Water 16, no. 23 (2024): 3355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16233355.

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Various groups of contaminants can be found in water intended for human consumption, such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and heavy metals. Many of these contaminants can cause serious health problems, so it is extremely important to ensure that water quality meets current standards. The main objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the variability of drinking water quality in a selected water supply system located in the southern part of Poland. The results of the research and analysis presented in the study were prepared on the basis of test reports carried out by the water suppl

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Fekete, S., I. Szakáll, Emma Kósa, et al. "Alteration of body composition in rats: Effect of organic chromium and L-carnitine." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 49, no. 4 (2001): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.49.2001.4.3.

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A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr

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Jena, Priyanka, Chinmay Pradhan, and Hemanta Kumar Patra*. "Cr+6- induced growth, biochemical alterations and Chromium bioaccumulation in Cassia tora (L.) Roxb." Annals of Plant Sciences 5, no. 07 (2016): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2016.07.001.

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The present in vivo pot culture experiments showed hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6) induced growth, physiological and biochemical alterations and Chromium bioaccumulation in 60 days Cassia tora (L.) Roxb. (Coffe Pod) plants. Root and shoot length, fresh and dry matters considerably decreased with increasing concentration of Cr+6. However, in 10 ppm shoot dry weight increased. High dose Cr+6 application showed decreased chlorophyll, protein and catalase activity. The activity of Catalase increased with 10 ppm of Cr+6 supply to the soilwhich declined with 50 ppm of Chromium in leaves. Total sugar, red

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Han, Ming Rong, Long Qiang Huang, and Bi Jia. "Critical Carbon Concentration and Excessively High Bath Temperature for Smelting Ferrochromium in the Argon-Oxygen Furnace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.202.

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Some problems have seriously affected the implementation of smelting ferrochromium in the argon-oxygen furnace. This paper discussed reducing chromium loss and controlling excessively high bath temperature by thermodynamic analysis. The results show that the process is divided into two stages and the critical carbon concentration of its switchover point is controlled in the range of 1.5%-2% to reduce chromium loss; dynamic control of oxygen and argon supply by theoretical calculation and AI(Artificial Intelligence) technology and carbon dioxide blown by a lance with double channel as coolant i

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supply chromium"

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Тарасова, Ірина Віталіївна, Ирина Витальевна Тарасова, Iryna Vitaliivna Tarasova та ін. "Забезпеченність хромом передчасно народжених дітей". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6571.

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Bhaumik, Madhumita. "Conducting polymer based nanocomposites for removal of fluoride and chromium (VI) from water." 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000922.

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D.Tech. Chemical Engineering<br>This research emphasizes the potential application of conducting polymer based nanocomposites for the remediation of contaminants from water. This study facilitates the preparation of conducting polymer based nanomaterials for the efficient removal of fluoride and toxic chromium(VI) from water. This work also identifies the importance of understanding the physico-chemical properties of the synthesized nanomaterials which greatly influence the materials performance in removing contaminants from water.

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Books on the topic "Supply chromium"

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Boyle, Edward H. Chromium availability in market economy countries and network flow model analysis of world chromium supply. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Supply chromium"

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Velayatzadeh, Mohammad. "Heavy Metals in Surface Soils and Crops." In Heavy Metals - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108824.

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In the era of industrialization and technological progress, pollution has reduced the quality of life for humans. Heavy metal pollution is one of the main causes of environmental degradation. The underlying causes are natural as well as human. Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a worldwide environmental issue that has attracted considerable public attention, mainly due to increased concern for the safety of agricultural products. Heavy metals refer to some metals and metals with biological toxicity such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead and chromium. These elements enter the soil ag

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Conference papers on the topic "Supply chromium"

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Hau, Jorge. "Metallurgical Aspects of HTHA in CS below Traditional Nelson Curve Values." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15062.

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Abstract High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) is a phenomenon that involves the formation and accumulation of methane (CH4) in steels operating under conditions where there is hydrogen ingress. To account for the phenomenon, it is necessary to know how the supply of solute carbon atoms occurs. What is discussed here concerns only low-carbon steel within the range 0.08-0.30 wt % carbon that has no intended additions of alloying element such as chromium (Cr) or molybdenum (Mo), and that it is typically delivered in the as-hot worked or normalized condition, resulting in microstructure consist

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Crum, J. R., P. Hazeldine, L. E. Shoemaker, and J. Peschel. "Evaluation of Materials for Seawater Plate Heat Exchanger Applications." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07248.

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Abstract Tube-to-tube and gasketed plate heat exchangers are used for a variety of applications on ships, offshore oil platforms, and at coastal locations where seawater is employed as a cooling medium and marine corrosion is likely. The corrosivity of the seawater is often increased by the addition of chlorine to control marine life in such systems. While commercially pure (C.P.) titanium and titanium alloys offer excellent resistance in this type of equipment, these materials are currently in very limited supply. Thus, designers are being forced to consider alternate corrosion-resistant mate

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Cassagne, Thierry, Patrice Houlle, Delphine Zuili, Pascal Bluzat, Jean-Michel Corrieu, and Nicolas Larché. "Replacing Titanium in Sea Water Plate Heat Exchangers." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10391.

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Abstract The use of titanium plate heat exchangers is widespread for Offshore and Coastal installations where seawater cooling is required. Several years ago difficulties to supply titanium Grade 1 for this application triggered the need for qualification of other alloys for this application. Applications using passive alloys are especially susceptible to crevice corrosion when exposed to hot seawater. Since titanium is the most corrosion resistant alloy in seawater only highly corrosion resistant alloys could be considered for its replacement in plate heat exchangers. In addition since they n

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Faza, Salem, Homero Castaneda Lopez, and Michael Stroia. "Innovative Performance Corrosion Resistance Reinforcing Bars for Extending Service Life." In CORROSION 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20682.

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Abstract Performance of Corrosion Resistance reinforcing steel bars including continuous galvanized (ASTM A1094) and Low-Carbon Chromium Steel bars (ASTM A1035 CS) have been evaluated for their high corrosion resistance and their mechanism to extend the service life of concrete structures. ASTM A1094 is galvanized rebar with a zinc alloy coating that provides the well-known corrosion protection of zinc and the added benefit of exceptional formability. ASTM A1094 can be bent and fabricated after galvanizing without fear of peeling or flaking unlike Batch hot dip galvanizing and epoxy coated reb

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Dexter, S. C., and S. Maruthamuthu. "Response of Passive Alloys with N- and P-Type Passive Films to Manganese in Biofilms." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01256.

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Abstract Marine and fresh water biofilms usually shift the open circuit potential (OCP) of stainless steels in the electropositive direction by several hundred millivolts. One of the reasons for this ennoblement is thought to be the presence of Mn in biofilms. Two stainless steels, UNS NO8367 (6XN, having an n- type passive film) and NO6455 (C4 with a p-type film) have been selected for this study. MnO2 was coated onto these oxide films, resulting in a higher OCP (+750 mV SCE) on alloy NO8367 than on NO6455 (+360 mV). This is consistent with the interpretation that MnO2 reduction is easier on

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Venkatraj, Ranjana, Dhanraj Ganapathy, and Vaishnavi Rajaraman. "Estimation of chromium level in milk supply in Poonamallee." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELLING STRATEGIES IN MATHEMATICS: ICMSM 2024. AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0276438.

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Kuhn, B., M. Talik, J. Zurek, et al. "Development of High Chromium Ferritic Steels Strengthened by Intermetallic Phases." In AM-EPRI 2013, edited by D. Gandy and J. Shingledecker. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2013p1081.

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Abstract Constricted steam oxidation resistance and finite microstructural stability limits the use of 9 - 12 wt.-% chromium ferritic-martensitic steels to steam temperatures of about 620 °C. Newly developed 12 wt.-% Cr steels are prone to Z-phase precipitation, which occurs at the expense of the strengthening precipitates, and therefore suffer an accelerated decline in strength during longterm operation. While the concept of ferritic-martensitic chromium steels thus seems to hit technological limitations, further improvement in steam power plant efficiency necessitates a further increase of s

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Cole, M., and G. Creffield. "The Utilization of Acetylene and Acetylene Based Gas Mixtures for the HVOF Coating of Chromium Oxide." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0129.

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Abstract Chromium oxide coatings are currently produced predominantly by the plasma spray process utilizing the high process temperatures required to fully soften the high melting point chromium oxide powder. The development of the HVOF process, combining the relatively high flame temperatures of hydrogen, propylene or propane fuel gases with the notably high particle velocities generated by the process, is known to produces dense, low porosity coatings. By utilizing acetylene, the highest flame temperature fuel gas commercially available, and acetylene based mixtures, the HVOF process can be

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Łazor, Monika, Leszek Ajdys, Yevgeniy Naumovich, Blanka Seredyńska, Paulina Wiecińska, and Agnieszka Żurawska. "Investigation of the Co-Free Spinel Used in a Role of Protective Layers in Soc Application." In International Young Scientists Conference on Materials Science and Surface Engineering. Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/msse2023.137.

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Interconnects have a significant role in the SOC (Solid Oxide Cell) stacks. These elements provide electrical contact by the transfer of electrons between adjacent cells, while simultaneously preventing the mixing of fuel and oxidant streams. Typically, interconnects are composed of ferritic steel with high chromium content that can result in the growth of an oxide layer on the steel surface and the evaporation of harmful volatile chromium compounds directly impacting on the air electrode. This phenomenon leads to a loss of the stack performance. In order to prevent degradation of SOC stacks c

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Isakova, A. S., D. V. Kolodko, A. V. Kaziev, G. I. Rykunov, and A. V. Tumarkin. "Electrical characteristics of a hot-target HiPIMS discharge in reactive N 2 /Ar environment." In 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.c1-o-002401.

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In this work, we study the effects introduced by adding reactive gas (nitrogen) to a magnetron discharge with a thermally insulated chromium target from the point of view of its electrical parameters. The dependences of the current-voltage characteristics and the shapes of the current and voltage pulses of a high-current pulsed magnetron discharge on the reaction gas flow are studied. The voltage and current waveforms exhibit a transition into unstable mode with increasing the reactive gas flow and pulse duration. In this mode, in power-regulation regime of the power supply, the pulses follow

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