Relevant bibliographies by topics / Support prevents

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Support prevents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Support prevents"

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Leahy, T., J. P. Rickard, R. J. Aitken, and S. P. de Graaf. "Penicillamine prevents ram sperm agglutination in media that support capacitation." REPRODUCTION 151, no. 2 (February 2016): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-15-0413.

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Ram spermatozoa are difficult to capacitate in vitro. Here we describe a further complication, the unreported phenomenon of head-to-head agglutination of ram spermatozoa following dilution in the capacitation medium Tyrodes plus albumin, lactate and pyruvate (TALP). Sperm agglutination is immediate, specific and persistent and is not associated with a loss of motility. Agglutination impedes in vitro sperm handling and analysis. So the objectives of this study were to investigate the cause of sperm agglutination and potential agents which may reduce agglutination. The percentage of non-agglutinated, motile spermatozoa increased when bicarbonate was omitted from complete TALP suggesting that bicarbonate ions stimulate the agglutination process. d-penicillamine (PEN), a nucleophilic thiol, was highly effective at reducing agglutination. The inclusion of 250 μM PEN in TALP reduced the incidence of motile, agglutinated spermatozoa from 76.7±2.7% to 2.8±1.4%. It was then assessed if PEN (1 mM) could be included in existing ram sperm capacitation protocols (TALP +1 mM dibutyryl cAMP, caffeine and theophylline) to produce spermatozoa that were simultaneously capacitated and non-agglutinated. This protocol resulted in a sperm population which displayed high levels of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and lipid disordered membranes (merocyanine-540) while remaining motile, viable, acrosome-intact and non-agglutinated. In summary, PEN (1 mM) can be included in ram sperm capacitation protocols to reduce sperm agglutination and allow for the in vitro assessment of ram sperm capacitation.
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Jung, Boris, Jean-Michel Constantin, Nans Rossel, Charlotte Le Goff, Mustapha Sebbane, Yannael Coisel, Gerald Chanques, et al. "Adaptive Support Ventilation Prevents Ventilator-induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction in Piglet." Anesthesiology 112, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181d7b036.

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Background Contrary to adaptive support ventilation (ASV), prolonged totally controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) results in the absence of diaphragm activity and causes ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Because maintaining respiratory muscles at rest is likely a major cause of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, ASV may prevent its occurrence in comparison with CMV. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of ASV with those of CMV on both in vivo and in vitro diaphragmatic properties. Methods Two groups of six anesthetized piglets were ventilated during a 72-h period. Piglets in the CMV group (n = 6) were ventilated without spontaneous ventilation, and piglets in the ASV group (n = 6) were ventilated with spontaneous breaths. Transdiaphragmatic pressure was measured after bilateral, supramaximal transjugular stimulation of the two phrenic nerves. A pressure-frequency curve was drawn after stimulation from 20 to 120 Hz of the phrenic nerves. Diaphragm fiber proportions and mean sectional area were evaluated. Results After 72 h of ventilation, transdiaphragmatic pressure decreased by 30% of its baseline value in the CMV group, whereas it did not decrease in the ASV group. Although CMV was associated with an atrophy of the diaphragm (evaluated by mean cross-sectional area of both the slow and fast myosin chains), atrophy was not detected in the ASV group. Conclusion Maintaining diaphragmatic contractile activity by using the ASV mode may protect the diaphragm against the deleterious effect of prolonged CMV, as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, in healthy piglets.
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Gohean, Jeffrey R., Erik R. Larson, Raul G. Longoria, Mark Kurusz, and Richard W. Smalling. "Preload Sensitivity with TORVAD Counterpulse Support Prevents Suction and Overpumping." Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology 10, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13239-019-00419-0.

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Brochard, Laurent, Alain Harf, Hubert Lorino, and François Lemaire. "Inspiratory Pressure Support Prevents Diaphragmatic Fatigue during Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation." American Review of Respiratory Disease 139, no. 2 (February 1989): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/139.2.513.

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Sanborn, Warren G. "Inspiratory Pressure Support Prevents Diaphragmatic Fatigue During Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation." American Review of Respiratory Disease 140, no. 3 (September 1989): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/140.3.854a.

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Gorlitzer, Michael, Sandra Folkmann, Johann Meinhart, Peter Poslussny, Markus Thalmann, Gabriel Weiss, Manfred Bijak, and Martin Grabenwoeger. "A newly designed thorax support vest prevents sternum instability after median sternotomy☆." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 36, no. 2 (August 2009): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.01.038.

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Jung, B., N. Rossel, C. Le Goff, N. Claveiras, M. Wysocki, S. Matecki, G. Chanques, and S. Jaber. "Adaptive support ventilation prevents ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction: an in vivo piglet study." Critical Care 13, Suppl 1 (2009): P31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc7195.

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Nong, Lingbo, Weibo Liang, Yuheng Yu, Yin Xi, Dongdong Liu, Jie Zhang, Jing Zhou, et al. "Noninvasive ventilation support during fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided nasotracheal intubation effectively prevents severe hypoxemia." Journal of Critical Care 56 (April 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.10.017.

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Harrison, Matthew W., and Amanda Young. "Noninvasive ventilation support during fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided nasotracheal intubation effectively prevents severe hypoxemia." Journal of Emergency Medicine 58, no. 6 (June 2020): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.05.030.

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MIYAZAWA, KAZUTOSHI. "Old age support in kind." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 9, no. 3 (July 21, 2009): 445–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747209990096.

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AbstractIt has been argued whether a transfer policy for elderly people should be in kind or in cash. This paper presents a rationale to answer the question in an endogenous growth model with a two-way intrafamily transfer in middle age, education for the child as an inter-vivos transfer, and informal parental care in exchange for a bequest. We have two analytical results. First, a transfer in cash, such as a public pension, prevents economic growth because a strategic behavior concerning caregiving generates a disincentive effect on education. Second, a transfer in kind, such as public formal care, promotes economic growth because the valuation of the service generates an additional benefit of education, which dominates the disincentive effect. Our results show that old age support should be in kind rather than in cash in the context of economic growth and also welfare if bequests are strategic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Support prevents"

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Washington, Tiffany K. "The Effects of Using Clinical Support Tools to Prevent Treatment Failure." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2459.

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To date, outcome research suggests that providing clinicians with patient progress feedback and problem-solving tools is effective in improving therapeutic outcome for clients who are predicted to have a negative treatment outcome. To expand upon this body of research, the current study examined the efficacy of using these problem-solving tools (Clinical Support Tools; CST) to reduce the risk of treatment failure and enhance positive outcome with 118 clients who were not identified as at -risk for a negative outcome. Results of this study indicated that the intervention failed to lower the rate of becoming an at-risk case or to enhance treatment outcome. A possible explanation for the null results observed is poor treatment compliance. Based on the findings of this study, the CST cannot be recommended as an intervention across the broad range of clients who enter treatment. However, qualitative analysis results reflect positive indicators for continued research with at-risk cases.
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Sullivan, Kaitlin Sullivan. "Evaluating Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) in a High School Setting." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6407.

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Current research shows that school’s behavior intervention plans are lacking in key components, indicating a need for a standardized model of assessment that sustains teacher adherence, acceptance, and feasibility. Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) is a model that combines the principles of applied behavior analysis and positive behavior support to provide a standardized approach to conducting a functional assessment and creating a behavior plan. Studies have indicated that PTR is effective in improving student behavior and academic engagement. The current study evaluated the use of PTR for three high school students classified as emotional behavioral disorder (EBD). Results indicated that teacher-implemented functional assessment and intervention planning through the use of PTR was effective at creating substantial reductions in problem behaviors and improvements in replacement behaviors for all three students. In addition, teachers were able to implement the interventions with high levels of fidelity, and social validity scores obtained from both the teachers and students indicated that the acceptability of the PTR procedures and results was relatively high.
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Pettersson, Camilla. "Parents' possibility to prevent underage drinking : studies of parents, a parental support program, and adolescents in the context of a national program to support NGOs." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11294.

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Underage drinking is common among Swedish adolescents and is related to problems for individuals, families, and society. From a public health perspective, it is of great importance that knowledge be gained about alcohol prevention. The overall aim of this thesis is, within the context of a national support program for NGOs, to study parents, a parental support program, and adolescents with regard to preventing underage drinking.  The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW) has a government commission to distribute funds to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for alcohol and drug prevention efforts. Study I of the thesis describes and analyses this program with a special emphasis on research and development for an evidence-based practice. It is a research strategy case study with 135 projects and 14 embedded in-depth studies. The results reveal that this program to support NGOs has been successful in engaging a wide range of NGOs in prevention efforts. A trustful partnership between practitioners, national agencies, and researchers has also been developed, which has improved the quality and results of the different projects. Studies II, III, IV, and V all used data from a longitudinal questionnaire study with parents and adolescents within one of the 14 in-depth studies: the study of IOGT-NTO’s parental program Strong and Clear. Additional data, such as telephone interviews and other parental questionnaires, are also used.  Study II aims to analyse the significance of socio-demographic factors for parental attitudes and behaviour regarding adolescent alcohol consumption to see if any group of parents is especially important for intervention efforts. The results showed that fathers were more likely than mothers to have non-restrictive attitudes towards underage drinking and to have children who had drunk or tasted alcohol at home. Study III examines reasons for non-participation in the program. Parents with a low educational level were found more likely to be non-participants than highly educated parents. When parents stated their reasons for non-participation it emerged that they did not perceive a need for the intervention and that there were practical obstacles to their participation. Study IV is an effect study of Strong and Clear and showed that the program contributed to maintaining parents’ restrictive attitude toward underage drinking, postponing alcohol debut, and preventing drunkenness among the adolescents. Study V, only presented in the thesis, examined parents’ perceptions about Strong and Clear. Parents primarily thought it had led to their speaking more often about alcohol with their children, and had been a help in this conversation. Many also stated that the program had influenced their ability to set limits for their children. The school and IOGT-NTO were considered as suitable providers of Strong and Clear. This thesis showed that a national support program for NGOs including research and development contributes to a more evidence-based public health practice.
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Nixon, James. "The design of fixture supports to prevent surface attitude changes at the point of tool load." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293802.

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Barnes, Sara Amanda. "An Evaluation of the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce Model within a Multi-Tierred Intervention System." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5455.

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This study assessed the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) model to determine its impact on problem and replacement behaviors of three children who are typically developing with behavioral challenges in a high-need elementary school setting. Specifically, this study evaluated the use of the PTR model as an intensive individualized Tier 3 intervention within a multi-tiered intervention system. In addition, the study examined the validity and usability of the Individualized Behavior Rating Scale Tool (IBRST), which was developed as a feasible daily progress monitoring tool in conjunction with the PTR model. Social validity and fidelity of intervention implementation were also assessed. A multiple baseline across participants was employed to evaluate the impact of implementation of the model on the children's behaviors. The results of the study indicated that the PTR model was effective in reducing problem behaviors and increasing the use of replacement behaviors for all three participants. In addition, the IBRST completed by the teachers was found to have a substantial correlation to data collected during direct observations.
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Reyes, Sofia. "Implementation of the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce Model within Multi-tiered Systems of Support for Elementary School Students with Problem Behavior." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7906.

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This study evaluated the implementation of the school-based Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) model within multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) for elementary school students engaging in high levels of problem behavior. Three students and their classroom teachers in two public schools participated in the team-based PTR process during which they engaged in teaming and goal setting, functional behavior assessment, intervention, and evaluation. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to evaluate the impact of using the PTR model on student problem and replacement behaviors. Direct and indirect observations of student behaviors were conducted across target and generalization academic time periods. Findings indicate that the PTR intervention effectively reduced problem behavior and increased replacement behavior for all three participating students in both target and generalization academic time periods. Social validity assessments with the participating teachers and students indicated high levels of acceptability of and satisfaction with the PTR intervention goals, procedures, and outcomes. Implications for using the PTR model within MTSS for students who are not responding to Tier 2 interventions are discussed.
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Bailey, Kathleen. "An Evaluation of the Family-Centered Prevent-Teach-Reinforce Model with Families of Young Children with Developmental Disabilities." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4862.

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Daily routines in the home are typically the most common interactions for children with their siblings and parents. When a child exhibits challenging behavior in these routines, it can cause a strain on the family as well as the child's ability to learn a more appropriate behavior. This study examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of an adapted version of the Prevent-Teach- Reinforce (PTR) intervention with three families of young children with developmental disabilities. The school-based PTR manual was adapted for treatment use in a family context. The study assessed the family adherence to the collaboratively developed PTR intervention, family use of the behavior rating scale, social validity, procedural integrity, and child behavior behaviors during the routines. A multiple-baseline design across children was used to examine the impact of the PTR intervention on child behavior within the routine. Results indicated that the PTR interventions were successful in demonstrating an increase in appropriate behaviors and a decrease in challenging behaviors across children. The results also indicated that parents were able to successfully use the behavior rating scale to measure each child's behavior.
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Saari, Bonnie. "The effectiveness of prevent-teach-reinforce: Does the presence of comorbid internalizing behavior problems moderate outcomes for children with externalizing behavior problems?" Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1757.

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This study examined the effectiveness of a school-based intervention process known as Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for children with a combination of externalizing and internalizing behaviors compared to children with only externalizing behaviors. The dependent variables examined were social skills, problem behaviors, and academic engaged time. Data for the current study were taken from archival data collected by the Florida Mental Health Institute that included students in kindergarten through 8th grade. A series of repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify differences in improvement on the dependent variables for the two groups of students. Research questions focused on the main effects as well as interaction effects between the type(s) of behavioral problems displayed (i.e., externalizing only, combination of externalizing and internalizing). Behavior problem classification was determined by calculating students' individual subscale scores on the Social Skills Rating Scale. The current study found support for the use of the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce intervention for children with varying behavioral profiles. Significant improvements were found in social skills, behavioral problems, and academic engaged time for students. Additionally, results of this study indicate that internalizing behaviors did not serve as a moderator to treatment effectiveness for students with externalizing behavior problems who received the PTR intervention. That is, improvements were similar for both groups, demonstrating that PTR is a process that can be used in an equally-effective way for both populations.
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Niemelä, M. (Mika). "Structured child-centred interventions to support families with a parent suffering from cancer:from practice-based evidence towards evidence-based practice." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514298981.

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Abstract Several studies have highlighted the need for the provision of extra support for parenting and for the children of families with parental cancer, with particular emphasis on the need to protect the psychosocial wellbeing of these children. However despite this, child-centred work still rarely forms part of clinical practice in adult health-care settings. The aims of the present work were: 1) to calculate a population-based estimate for the number of Finnish children affected by parental cancer, 2) to investigate whether these children had used specialised psychiatric services to a greater extent than their peers, 3) to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature regarding the current state of structured interventions directly targeted at children with parental cancer, 4) to outline the clinicians' experiences of the use of structured child centred interventions in long-term clinical practice, and 5) to assess whether the “Let’s Talk about Children” (LT) and “Family Talk Intervention” (FTI) approaches have any impact on the psychiatric symptom profile of seriously somatically ill parents and their spouses. It was found that every 15th child (6.6% of the children) had a mother or father who was treated for cancer during the years 1987 to 2008. Cases of parental cancer increased these children’s use of specialised psychiatric services significantly by comparison with their peers. A systematic review revealed that the existing number of structured child-centred interventions was small and their methodological content was highly heterogeneous. Clinicians’ long-term experiences of the use of structured child-centred interventions in everyday clinical practice highlighted: the flexible choice of interventions, the importance of taking the children’s needs into account, inter–team collaboration and the need to regard death as an essential topic when working with families with parental cancer. A significant improvement in the parent’s psychological symptoms was observed four months after the completion of the structured intervention. It can be concluded that children affected by parental cancer comprise a substantial part of the general population. Both the increased use of specialised psychiatric services by the children and the positive effect of interventions on the parents justify the pursuance of research-based child-centred work
Tiivistelmä Useat viimeaikaiset tutkimukset ovat suosittaneet lisätukea vanhemmuudelle ja lapsille syöpäpotilaiden lasten psykososiaalisen hyvinvoinnin turvaamiseksi. Tästä huolimatta lapsikeskeistä työtä tehdään aikuisterveydenhuollossa vähän. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli: 1) arvioida väestötasolla niiden suomalaisten lasten lukumäärä, joilla on syöpää sairastava vanhempi, ja verrata näiden lasten psykiatrisen erikoissairaanhoidon käyttöä muihin vastaavan ikäisiin, 2) selvittää systemaattisesti olemassa oleva tutkimustieto lapsikeskeisten strukturoitujen interventioiden käytöstä syöpää sairastavien vanhempien lapsilla, 3) tutkia työntekijöiden pitkäaikaisia kokemuksia strukturoitujen lapsikeskeisten interventioiden käytöstä osana jokapäiväistä kliinistä työtä, 4) selvittää kahden strukturoidun intervention, Lapset puheeksi -keskustelun ja Beardsleen perheintervention, vaikutusta vanhempien psykiatrisiin oireisiin neljä kuukautta intervention jälkeen verrattuna tilanteeseen ennen interventiota. Tulosten mukaan Suomessa 6,6 %:lla vuonna 1987 syntyneistä lapsista oli vanhempi, jota oli hoidettu syövän takia seurantajakson 1987–2008 aikana. Syöpää sairastavien vanhempien lasten psykiatrisen erikoissairaanhoidon käyttö oli tilastollisesti merkitsevästi kohonnut verrattuna muihin samanikäisiin. Lasten tukemiseen tarkoitettujen strukturoitujen interventioiden määrä oli vähäinen ja niiden tutkimuksellinen taso oli vaihteleva. Työntekijöiden kokemukset lapsikeskeisten interventioiden toteuttamisesta potilastyössä nostivat esille useita huomioonotettavia asioita: on tärkeää voida valita interventio joustavasti perheen tarpeiden mukaan, yli sektorirajojen ulottuva yhteistyö on keskeistä, lasten yksilöllisten tarpeiden huomioiminen on tärkeää, kuoleman teema nousee usein esille perheiden kanssa työskenneltäessä. Vanhempien psyykkisten oireiden todettiin vähentyneen intervention jälkeen tehdyssä mittauksessa verrattuna ennen interventiota tehtyyn mittaukseen. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella voidaan päätellä, että syöpäpotilaiden lapset muodostavat merkittävän ryhmän väestössä. Syöpäpotilaiden lasten lisääntynyt psykiatrisen erikoissairaanhoidon käyttö jo yksin ja myös interventioiden myönteiset vaikutukset puoltavat lapsikeskeisen työn kehittämistä aikuisterveydenhuoltoon. Kehittämistyön pohjana voidaan käyttää tässä tutkimuksessa käytettyjä strukturoituja lapsikeskeisiä interventioita
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Nordberg, Grahn Amanda, and Bärndal Erica. "Att förebygga sekundär traumatisering : En kvalitativ intervjustudie som undersöker hur chefer inom sociala verksamheter anser att deras organisation kan förebygga sekundär traumatisering." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51775.

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Som yrkesverksam inom sociala arbeten möter professionella tragiska människoöden och traumatiska berättelser. Utifrån återkommande exponering för dessa berättelser kan den yrkesverksamma i längden själv riskera drabbas av traumasymptom. Detta kallas för sekundär traumatisering, vilket i sin tur kan leda till utbrändhet och sjukskrivning. Studien undersöker hur chefer inom sociala verksamheter i Sverige anser att deras organisation kan förebygga sekundär traumatisering bland deras medarbetare. Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ, induktiv ansats där sju chefer från olika kommuner intervjuats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna valdes utifrån ett målinriktat, bekvämlighets- och snöbollsurval. I genomförd innehållsanalys framkom tre kategorier gällande hur sekundär traumatisering kan förebyggas: genom kunskap, en planerad organisationsstruktur samt via en öppen organisationskultur. Resultatet har sedan diskuterats utifrån tidigare forskning samt ur ett chefsperspektiv på krav-kontroll-stödmodellen. Studien konkluderar att chefer kan förebygga sekundär traumatisering. För det första genom att skapa en planerad organisationsstruktur, vilken möjliggör kontroll och stöd för medarbetarna. För det andra genom att uppmuntra en god organisationskultur som bidrar till högt socialt stöd. För det tredje genom att öka kunskapen om sekundär traumatisering, vilket fungerar som ett skydd gentemot sekundär traumatisering. Dessutom dras slutsatsen att cheferna kan använda krav-kontroll-stödmodellen som ett verktyg i sitt förebyggande arbete mot sekundär traumatisering.
Professionals within social work encounter tragic human fates and traumatic stories. Due to recurring exposure of traumatic stories it is possible for professionals to risk suffering from trauma symptoms. This is called secondary traumatisation, which can result in burnout and sick leave. The thesis investigates how managers within the social sector in Sweden find that they can prevent secondary traumatisation among their employees. The study is based on a qualitative, inductive approach where interviews with seven managers from different municipalities where conducted. The interviewees were selected based on target sampling, convenience sampling, as well as snowball sampling. In the content analysis three categories regarding how secondary traumatisation can be prevented was discovered: through knowledge, a planned organisational structure and through an open organisational culture. The result has been discussed based on existing research as well as from a manager’s perspective on the demand-control-support model. The findings conclude that managers can prevent secondary traumatisation. Fist, by creating a planned organisational structure, which enable control and support for employees. Second, by encouraging a good organisational culture, which contribute to high social support. Third, employees receive a form of protection from secondary traumatisation by increasing knowledge about the subject. Furthermore, the findings also conclude that managers can use the demand-control-support model as a tool in preventing secondary traumatisation.
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Books on the topic "Support prevents"

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McClung, Brian. Hiking bear country: Best bear-avoidance support material to prevent attacks. Las Vegas, NV: Life Preservers Publishing, 2001.

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1969-, Thāpā Mañju, Panta Saroja, Bharadwaj Narad, and Asmita (Organization : Kathmandu, Nepal), eds. Writing against trafficking: Media activism for support to prevent trafficking in women and girls in Nepal. Kathmandu: ASMITA Women's Pub. House, Media and Resource Organization, 2006.

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McRae, Jean A. The workplace project: Demonstration of parent support at the workplace to prevent child abuse and neglect. Washington, D.C: Mental Health Research and Development Center, Institute for Urban Affairs and Research, Howard University, 1987.

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Nixon, James. The design of fixture supports to prevent surface attitude changes at the point of tool load. Salford: Universityof Salford, 1991.

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1960-, Brown Jennifer Gerarda, ed. Straightforward: How to mobilize heterosexual support for gay rights. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2005.

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New York (State). Office of the State Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York. New York City Human Resources Administration Income Support Programs, follow-up on actions to prevent families from becoming homeless. [New York, N.Y: Office of the State Deputy Comptroller, 1992.

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Best, Fred. Reducing workweeks to prevent layoffs: The economic and social impacts of unemployment insurance-supported work sharing. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988.

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Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, and Antonio Artigas. Respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0094.

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Positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure present in the airway (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure that exists at the end of expiration. The term PEEP is defined in two particular settings. Extrinsic PEEP (applied by ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by non-complete exhalation causing progressive air trapping). Applied (extrinsic) PEEP—is usually one of the first ventilator settings chosen when mechanical ventilation (MV) is initiated. Applying PEEP increases alveolar pressure and volume. The increased lung volume increases the surface area by reopening and stabilizing collapsed or unstable alveoli. PEEP therapy can be effective when used in patients with a diffuse lung disease with a decrease in functional residual capacity. Lung protection ventilation is an established strategy of management to reduce and avoid ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality. Levels of PEEP have been traditionally used from 5 to 12 cmH2O; however, higher levels of PEEP have also been proposed and updated in order to keep alveoli open, without the cyclical opening and closing of lung units (atelectrauma). The ideal level of PEEP is that which prevents derecruitment of the majority of alveoli, while causing minimal overdistension; however, it should be individualized and higher PEEP might be used in the more severe end of the spectrum of patients with improved survival. A survival benefit for higher levels of PEEP has not been yet reported for any patient under MV, but a higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio seems to be better in the higher PEEP group.
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Fund, Ohio Children's Trust, ed. Child abuse: We can prevent it today, or pay for it tomorrow : your support of the Ohio Children's Trust Fund prevents child abuse-- and a whole lot more. Columbus: Ohio Children's Trust Fund, 1995.

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Spies, Dennis C. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812906.003.0008.

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The purpose of this last chapter is to summarize the results of the comparative analysis of the US and Western Europe and point to venues for further research. Race and immigration are strongly linked to questions of welfare in the US, but there is little empirical support for the argument that immigration has also led to welfare state retrenchment in Europe. Notwithstanding the negative effects of increased ethnic diversity on support for welfare by natives, the institutional design of European welfare programs and the economically divided anti-immigrant movement prevent immigration concerns from translating into actual retrenchment in the core areas of welfare. Ironically, in many cases it is the anti-immigrant Extreme Right that prevents such an outcome in Western Europe.
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Book chapters on the topic "Support prevents"

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Saket, R. K., Wg Cdr S. P. Kaushik, and Col Gurmit Singh. "Biorhythmic Analysis to Prevent Aviation Accidents." In Innovations in Defence Support Systems -2, 207–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17764-4_7.

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Young, Adrienne. "Institutional interventions to prevent and treat undernutrition." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Nutrition Support, 176–83. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118993880.ch4.2.

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Joerger, Matthieu, and Stéphane M. Schneider. "Enteral nutrition to prevent and treat undernutrition." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Nutrition Support, 194–206. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118993880.ch4.4.

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Das, Ronit, and Timothy Bowling. "Parenteral nutrition to prevent and treat undernutrition." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Nutrition Support, 207–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118993880.ch4.5.

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Baldwin, Christine. "Oral nutrition support to prevent and treat undernutrition." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Nutrition Support, 184–93. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118993880.ch4.3.

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Wilson, Lisa. "Population and community interventions to prevent and treat undernutrition." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Nutrition Support, 167–75. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118993880.ch4.1.

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Proletarsky, Andrey, Dmitry Berezkin, Alexey Popov, Valery Terekhov, and Maria Skvortsova. "Decision Support System to Prevent Crisis Situations in the Socio-political Sphere." In Cyber-Physical Systems: Industry 4.0 Challenges, 301–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32648-7_24.

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Sato, Keitaro, and Wonseok Yang. "Design Development of the Support Tool to Prevent Secondary Accidents on Highway." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 381–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23525-3_51.

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Ramarao, Pramod, Akhilesh Tyagi, and Gyungho Lee. "Run-Time Support for Detection of Memory Access Violations to Prevent Buffer Overflow Exploits." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 366–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10958513_28.

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Roigk, Patrick, and Fabian Graeb. "Malnutrition Prevention." In Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_4.

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AbstractA healthy nutritional intake is required to prevent malnutrition. Furthermore, nutrition is associated with improved quality of life in older adults. Simultaneously, many factors influence nutritional intake in later life. Onset and progression of acute or chronic diseases and a reduced dietary intake play a crucial role in developing malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes such as pressure injury, increased length of hospital stays and increased mortality. The aim of the chapter is to increase the nutritional-based knowledge of the interdisciplinary team to prevent malnutrition in all its forms. Therefore, this chapter offers evidence-based information to support interdisciplinary prevention of malnutrition in older adults across diverse healthcare settings.
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Conference papers on the topic "Support prevents"

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Kemppainen, Tiina, Lauri Frank, Markus Makkonen, and Oona-Iina Hyvönen. "Barriers to Responsible Consumption in e-Commerce: Evidence from Fashion Shoppers." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.24.

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This qualitative study investigates the barriers to responsible consumption in e-commerce from the online shoppers’ viewpoint. The purpose of the study is to increase our understanding of what prevents young adults from making responsible purchases in online stores in the context of fashion retail. The data were collected by interviewing ten Finnish fashion shoppers aged 23-27 years. The findings show that responsible consumption is perceived as complex and challenging. The study identified barriers related to online stores and consumers themselves. Online store implementation (product availability, information and transparency, and pricing) is vital in facilitating online shoppers’ responsible purchasing decisions. However, consumers’ personal consumption patterns and habits, and problems related to time use and responsibility assessment, can also be constraints on responsible consumption. Future studies are encouraged to investigate how online solutions, such as user interfaces, online tools, and apps, could better assist consumers in overcoming the identified barriers.
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Castilla-Rodríguez, Iván, Rafael Arnay, José M. González-Cava, Juan A. Méndez, Amado Rivero-Santana, and Lidia García-Pérez. "Towards an adaptive decision-support system for Type I Diabetes treatment based on simulation and machine learning." In the 8th International Workshop on Innovative Simulation for Healthcare. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.iwish.003.

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"Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Inter- and intra-patient variability greatly hinders the establishment of effective treatments by clinicians, even among those most experienced. This variability also prevents health administrations to establish adequate controls that guarantee the application of the most cost-effective interventions. In this work, we propose a decision support system that uses simulation and machine learning as tools to provide the clinician with information adapted to the patient on the best intervention for a patient in terms of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness."
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Edgecombe, M., M. C. Scrutton, and R. Kerry. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELEVATION OF CYCLIC-3∲,5∲-GMP (cGMP) AND AGGREGATE FORMATION IN HUMAN PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644534.

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Maximal 3- to 5-fold increases in platelet cGMP levels as measured by specific radioimmunoassay are observed on stimulation of aspirin-treated platelet-rich plasma with saturating doses of ADP, adrenaline, 5HT, PAF, thrombin, 9,11-epoxymethano-PGH2 (U44069), collagen, ristocetin and the Ca2+-ionophore ionomycin. The dose/response curves for the elevation in cGMP induced by these agents are either superimposable on, or lie to the right of, those describing the rate or extent of the aggregatory response as measured by an increase in light transmittance. The increase in cGMP induced by ADP is totally inhibited by addition of PGI2 or forskolin with dose/response relationships superimposable on those observed for inhibition of the aggregatory response. No increase in cGMP is observed if platelets are stimulated by PAF or ionomycin in an unstirred system or when aggregation induced by ADP is prevented by addition of a monoclonal antibody which recognises the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex.Addition of the fibrinogen γ-chain C-terminal decapeptide (γ402-411) or α-Chain tetrapeptide ARG-GLY-ASP-SER prevents aggregation and the increase in cGMP induced by PAF. The γ-chain decapeptide also completely prevents the increase in cGMP induced by ristocetin, but the a-chain tetrapeptide is ineffective in this respect. Both peptides inhibit to some extent aggregate formation induced by ristocetin.The data demonstrates a strong correlation between aggregate formaticfn and the increase in the platelet cGMP levels and support the previous postulate that platelet-platelet contact causes, activation of guanylate cyclase. No relationship is apparent between the effects of the various agents tested on cGMP levels and their known ability to increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. (Supported by SERC and Ciba-Geigy.)
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Armstrong, Andrew P., Michael Barclift, and Timothy W. Simpson. "Development of CAD-Integrated Cost Estimator to Support Design for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68330.

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Design for Additive Manufacturing is an evolving field that allows alternative design approaches to facilitate improvements in parts and builds by taking advantage of the capability of additive manufacturing (AM). Currently, available CAD software does not provide sufficient tools for AM designers, which results in a complex iterative process requiring multiple file types and programs. The complicated process of generating build time and cost estimates prevents designers from being able to efficiently optimize their parts for the AM process. Through the Solidworks Application Programming Interface a user-controlled macro was developed to generate build time and cost estimates by automatically creating support structures from multiple planes of comparative Ray Trace vector grids. The macro provides the user with visual and qualitative part information at the first stage in the design/file workflow, curtailing the current complex workflow to reduce overall design time. The macro is focused on the material extrusion process due to the diversity in available machines and build control, favoring user knowledge of specific parameters to calculate the build time and cost. Limitations of the approach along with extensions to other AM processes are also discussed.
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Shetty, Devdas, Claudio Campana, and Avital Fast. "Ambulatory Rehabilitation Suspension System." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41666.

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This paper provides a new technique to assist patients during gait rehabilitation and safety support during exercise. The device can also be used by patients who have experienced physical trauma, and in need of assistance so that they can regain the strength needed to support them during rehabilitation. The procedure results in an adjustable gait rehabilitation lifting system and has the ability to support the weight of the user. The apparatus can lift a patient from a sitting position in a wheel chair to a standing position and has the provisions to remove a percentage of the patient’s body weight and recognize subtle changes in elevation. The patient requiring gait rehabilitation would be free to traverse a flat plane and climb a number of stairs and at the same time does not impede free walking and prevents sudden fall of the patient.
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Bansal, Nupur, Abhishek Soni, Anil Khurana, Yashpal Verma, Paramjeet Kaur, and Ashok Kumar Chauhan. "Vaginal dilator therapy to prevent stenosis from radiotherapy: A systematic review." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685362.

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Background: Pelvic radiotherapy may damage the vagina and cause vaginal stenosis. Its incidence in the literature ranges from 1.2% to 88%. To prevent vaginal stenosis, routine vaginal dilation is recommended during and after pelvic radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: The objective was to examine critically the evidence behind this guideline. Searches included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google scholarly articles. All the relevant articles were included in the study. Discussion: Various studies gave recommendations on dilation during or immediately after radiotherapy. Literature does not support routine vaginal dilatation during or immediately after pelvic radiotherapy. Occasional penetration might prevent the sides of the vagina adhering to each other, and dilation might be valuable once the inflammatory and psychological scarring has settled. Two trials demonstrated that encouraging vaginal dilation increased patient compliance, but no difference was found in sexual function scores in the first trial. One retrospective study reported that dilation lowered stenosis rates, but the control group is not comparable. One study involving 89 women revealed that the median vaginal length was 6 cm, six to ten weeks after radiation therapy, but women tolerated a 9-cm dilator/measurer after 4 months of dilation experience. One trial showed no significant advantage by inserting mitomycin C. A study of five women reported that vaginal stenosis can be treated by dilation even many years after radiotherapy. Dilation during or immediately after radiotherapy can cause damage, and there is no evidence that it prevents stenosis. Dilation might stretch the vagina if commenced after the inflammatory phase. Dilation has been associated with traumatic rectovaginal fistulae and psychological consequences. Conclusion: Vaginal dilation might help treat the late effects of radiotherapy, but it must not be assumed that this applies to the acute toxicity phase. Routine dilation during treatment is not supported by good evidence. Prophylactic and therapeutic dilation therapy needs to be considered separately and research is needed to determine when dilation therapy should start on a large population.
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Shetty, Devdas, Claudio Campana, Julio Bravo, and Avital Fast. "Studies on the Application of an Ambulatory Suspension System for Gait Rehabilitation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59877.

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The ambulatory suspension system outlined in this paper is presented as a method and apparatus that would assist patients during gait rehabilitation and used as a safety support for patients during exercise. The apparatus is designed to be adjustable, support the weight of the user, does not impede walking and prevents sudden fall. The paper outlines the development and implementation of a 3-axis motorized support system that provides support in a full range of motion; allowing ambulatory impaired patients to safely rehabilitate themselves under the supervision of a physical therapist. The patient requiring gait rehabilitation would be free to traverse a flat plane and climb a number of stairs. This newly designed apparatus can lift a patient from a sitting position in a wheel chair to a standing position and gives the therapist freedom to manually assist the patient in placing their feet and controlling the weight shift. As the patient begins to gain a feel for proper coordinated movement, the amount of weight borne by the patient is gradually increased to better simulate natural walking conditions. This paper details the concept, methodology, prototype, test results and performance optimization of a 3-axis automated motorized suspension system for gait rehabilitation.
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Li, Xiaotong, Aaron Kirgesner, Adam Stephens, Mitchell Cramer, Mohamed Safir Hefzy, and Mehdi Pourazady. "Device to Assist Individuals in Dressing Themselves." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14373.

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As many elderly citizens have diminished strength and balance, they must use their hands while standing to support and stabilize themselves. This prevents them from using their hands to pull up and buckle their pants. As a result, these individuals must ask for assistance from others or spend an unnecessary amount of time doing this task independently while risking a fall. This problem becomes worsened when coupled with ailments such as arthritis, torn rotator cuffs, or multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this senior design project was to develop an automated device to assist individuals in dressing themselves. Specifically, this device is to be designed to help individuals with weakened physical conditions pull their pants and briefs up while standing and supporting themselves.
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Wang, Yan, Bart O. Nnaji, and Wei-Shan Chiang. "Document-Driven Design for Distributed CAD Services in Service-Oriented Architecture." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84504.

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Current CAD systems only support interactive geometry generation, which is not ideal for distributed engineering services in enterprise-to-enterprise collaboration with a generic thin-client service-oriented architecture. This paper proposes a new feature-based modeling mechanism, document-driven design, to enable batch mode geometry construction for distributed CAD systems. A semantic feature model is developed to represent informative and communicative design intent. Feature semantics is explicitly captured as trinary relation, which provides good extensibility and prevents semantics loss. Data interoperability between domains is enhanced by schema mapping and multi-resolution semantics. This mechanism aims to enable asynchronous communication in distributed CAD environments with case of design alternative evaluation and reuse, reduced human errors, and improved system throughput and utilization.
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Benami, Oren, and Yan Jin. "An E-Documenting Approach to Conceptual Design." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/cie-14649.

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Abstract Conceptual design is the most creative, most informal, most ambiguous, and least understood phase of design. During conceptual design, ideas are in a state of transformation and relationships between concepts are often unclear or not well developed. This paper presents our view of conceptual design as an information transformation process and proposes an approach to support conceptual design. The basic idea is the following. Limitations in human information processing capability frequently prevents designers from being effective in retaining, managing, and applying the large amount of information generated during the conceptual design phase. Therefore, if one can provide a system that receives the flow of ideas generated, and arranges the ideas in a way that can be effectively retained, managed, and applied, then fewer ideas will be lost, connections between ideas can be easily identified, and consequently the overall design will be more effective and efficient.
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Reports on the topic "Support prevents"

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Walshire, Lucas, and Joseph Dunbar. Geotechnical inspection and technical review of Santa Margarita River Marine Corps Air Station Levee, U.S. Marine Corps, Camp Pendleton, CA, 19-20 November 2019. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41526.

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This report describes activities performed, results obtained, and conclusions made from an independent technical review of past levee inspections and the proposed remediation plan for the Santa Margarita Levee that surrounds the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Camp Pendleton. In support of the technical review, ERDC personnel performed a supplemental levee inspection on 19 and 20 November 2019 with MCAS personnel. Previous levee inspections had rated the levee system as Unacceptable due to unwanted vegetation encroaching on the levee right-of-way, which prevents full inspection during flooding. Concerns were raised by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFW) about environmental impacts of the proposed remediation measures and the necessity of such actions. USFW personnel requested an engineering review from an independent party, and ERDC was tasked with performing the independent technical review. The following special report describes the tasks performed and results obtained from the independent technical review.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Kassim Nishtar, Aisling Reidy, Sara Darehshori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/pb-f/2021/2.

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Based on the proposal by the European Council, more than 25 heads of state and the World Health Organization (WHO) support development of an international treaty on pandemics, that planned to be negotiated under the auspices of WHO, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. Given that the treaty alone is not enough to ensure compliance, triggers for a high-level political response is required. To this end, to inform the design of a support system, we explored institutional mechanismsi with a mandate to review compliance with key international agreements in their signatory countries and conduct independent country investigations in a manner that manages sovereign considerations. Based on our review, there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right. There is, however, potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms to support a strong, enforceable treaty. These aspects include: • Periodic review - based on the model of human rights treaties, with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body to ensure the independence. If made obligatory, the review could support compliance with the treaty. • On-site investigations - based on the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture according to which visits cannot be blocked by state parties. • Non-negotiable design principles - including accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. • Technical support - WHO can provide countries with technical assistance, tools, monitoring, and assessment to enhance emergency preparedness and response.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Njunguru, Jesse, A. Finnie, Katharine Footman, Wilson Liambila, and Kate Reiss. Pharmacy workers in Kenya need training and support on medical abortion information and referrals to prevent unsafe service provision. Population Council, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1011.

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Lewis, Sherman, Emilio Grande, and Ralph Robinson. The Mismeasurement of Mobility for Walkable Neighborhoods. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.2060.

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The major US household travel surveys do not ask the right questions to understand mobility in Walkable Neighborhoods. Yet few subjects can be more important for sustainability and real economic growth based on all things of value, including sustainability, affordability, and quality of life. Walkable Neighborhoods are a system of land use, transportation, and transportation pricing. They are areas with attractive walking distances of residential and local business land uses of sufficient density to support enough business and transit, with mobility comparable to suburbia and without owning an auto. Mobility is defined as the travel time typically spent to reach destinations outside the home, not trips among other destinations that are not related to the home base. A home round trip returns home the same day, a way of defining routine trips based on the home location. Trip times and purposes, taken together, constitute travel time budgets and add up to total travel time in the course of a day. Furthermore, for Walkable Neighborhoods, the analysis focuses on the trips most important for daily mobility. Mismeasurement consists of including trips that are not real trips to destinations outside the home, totaling 48 percent of trips. It includes purposes that are not short trips functional for walk times and mixing of different trips into single purposes, resulting in even less useful data. The surveys do not separate home round trips from other major trip types such as work round trips and overnight trips. The major household surveys collect vast amounts of information without insight into the data needed for neighborhood sustainability. The methodology of statistics gets in the way of using statistics for the deeper insights we need. Household travel surveys need to be reframed to provide the information needed to understand and improve Walkable Neighborhoods. This research makes progress on the issue, but mismeasurement prevents a better understanding of the issue.
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Mai Phuong, Nguyen, Hanna North, Duong Minh Tuan, and Nguyen Manh Cuong. Assessment of women’s benefits and constraints in participating in agroforestry exemplar landscapes. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21015.pdf.

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Participating in the exemplar landscapes of the Developing and Promoting Market-Based Agroforestry and Forest Rehabilitation Options for Northwest Vietnam project has had positive impacts on ethnic women, such as increasing their networks and decision-making and public speaking skills. However, the rate of female farmers accessing and using project extension material or participating in project nurseries and applying agroforestry techniques was limited. This requires understanding of the real needs and interests grounded in the socio-cultural contexts of the ethnic groups living in the Northern Mountain Region in Viet Nam, who have unique social and cultural norms and values. The case studies show that agricultural activities are highly gendered: men and women play specific roles and have different, particular constraints and interests. Women are highly constrained by gender norms, access to resources, decision-making power and a prevailing positive-feedback loop of time poverty, especially in the Hmong community. A holistic, timesaving approach to addressing women’s daily activities could reduce the effects of time poverty and increase project participation. As women were highly willing to share project information, the project’s impacts would be more successful with increased participation by women through utilizing informal channels of communication and knowledge dissemination. Extension material designed for ethnic women should have less text and more visuals. Access to information is a critical constraint that perpetuates the norm that men are decision-makers, thereby, enhancing their perceived ownership, whereas women have limited access to information and so leave final decisions to men, especially in Hmong families. Older Hmong women have a Vietnamese (Kinh) language barrier, which further prevents them from accessing the project’s material. Further research into an adaptive framework that can be applied in a variety of contexts is recommended. This framework should prioritize time-saving activities for women and include material highlighting key considerations to maintain accountability among the project’s support staff.
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Butler, L. B. The Readiness of the United States Marine Corps in OIF: Have Monetary and Equipment Shortfalls Prevented the Proper Support of the Individual Marine on the Ground? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495010.

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Zwetsloot, Remco, Ryan Fedasiuk, and Emily Weinstein. Assessing the Scope of U.S. Visa Restrictions on Chinese Students. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200076.

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In May 2020, the White House announced it would deny visas to Chinese graduate students and researchers who are affiliated with organizations that implement or support China’s military-civil fusion strategy. The authors discuss several ways this policy might be implemented. Based on Chinese and U.S. policy documents and data sources, they estimate that between three and five thousand Chinese students might be prevented from entering U.S. graduate programs each year.
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Lavadenz, Magaly, Elvira Armas, and Rosalinda Barajas. Preventing Long-Term English Learners: Results from a Project-Based Differentiated ELD Intervention Program. CEEL, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2012.1.

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<p>In this article the authors describe efforts taken by a small southern California school district to develop and implement an innovative, research-based English Language Development program to address a growing concern over long-term English Learners (LTELs) in their district. With support from the Weingart Foundation this afterschool program served 3<sup>rd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> grade LTELs between 2008–2011 to accelerate language and literacy acquisition and prevent prolonged EL status. Program evaluation results indicated that the intervention was associated with improved English language proficiency as measured by the California English Language Development Test. Results also showed a heightened awareness of effective practices for LTELs among the district’s teachers and high levels of satisfaction among the participants’ parents. This intervention program has implications for classroom-based intervention including project-based learning for LTELs, for targeted professional development, and for further research for the prevention of LTEL status.</p>
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Wierup, Martin, Helene Wahlström, and Björn Bengtsson. How disease control and animal health services can impact antimicrobial resistance. A retrospective country case study of Sweden. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2021.nf.3167.

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Data and experiences in Sweden show that it is possible to combine high productivity in animal production with the restricted use of antibiotics. The major key factors that explain Sweden’s success in preventing AMR are: Swedish veterinary practitioners were aware of the risk of AMR as early as the 1950s, and the need for prudent use of antibiotics was already being discussed in the 1960s. Early establishment of health services and health controls to prevent, control and, when possible, eradicate endemic diseases reduced the need for antibiotics. Access to data on antibiotic sales and AMR made it possible to focus on areas of concern. State veterinary leadership provided legal structures and strategies for cooperation between stakeholders and facilitated the establishment of coordinated animal health services that are industry-led, but supported by the State.
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