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Journal articles on the topic 'Supported cluster'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Asakura, Kiyotaka, Yoshinao Yamazaki, Haruo Kuroda, Masafumi Harada, and Naoki Toshima. "A “Cluster-in-Cluster” Structure of the SiO2-Supported PtPd Clusters." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, S2 (1993): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.32s2.448.

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2

LIU, FENGQI, MIN HAN, YINGCHUN GONG, et al. "STRUCTURAL AND RAMAN SPECTRA STUDIES OF SUPPORTED LiF CLUSTERS." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (1996): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96000310.

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Electron microscope and Raman scattering spectra are used to study the structures and properties of supported LiF clusters prepared by gas-evaporation technique. The experiments demonstrate that large-size LiF clusters have fcc structure and cubic shape, but have no Raman scattering spectrum. As cluster size decreases, cluster shape deviates from cube and tends to be spherical, fractal structure appears and the size distribution becomes narrow. When clusters size is 10 nm, very conspicuous Raman spectrum is obtained. If clusters size decreases to 5 nm, the fine structure of Raman spectrum is observed. Fine structure in small cluster reflects the dicreteness of the wave vector and the intensity of cluster-substrate interaction.

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3

Gates, B. C. "Supported metal cluster catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 163, no. 1-2 (2000): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00399-x.

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4

Alexeev, O. S., and B. C. Gates. "Supported Bimetallic Cluster Catalysts." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 8 (2003): 1571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie020351h.

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5

Jiménez-Sáez, J. C., A. M. C. Pérez-Martín, and J. J. Jiménez-Rodríguez. "Sputtering in supported cluster arrays." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 352 (June 2015): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.12.022.

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6

Fairbairn, Robyn E., Ross McLellan, Ruaraidh D. McIntosh, Stephanie M. Taylor, Euan K. Brechin, and Scott J. Dalgarno. "Calixarene-supported rare-earth clusters: heteroatom bridge influences cluster composition." Chemical Communications 48, no. 68 (2012): 8493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc33166g.

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7

Vančová, Viera, Miloš Čambál, and Dagmar Cagáňová. "Innovative Improvement and Intensification of Business Relationships Supported by Cooperative Networks." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 20, Special-Number (2012): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10186-012-0024-3.

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Abstract Nowadays, the opportunity for companies to be involved in cluster initiatives and international business associations is a major factor that contributes to the increase of their innovative potential. Companies organized in technological clusters have greater access to mutual business contacts, faster information transfer and deployment of advanced technologies. These companies cooperate more frequently with universities and research - development institutions on innovative projects. An important benefit of cluster associations is that they create a suitable environment for innovation and the transfer of knowledge by means of international cooperation and networking. This supportive environment is not easy to access for different small and mediumsized companies, who are not members of any clusters or networks. Supplier-customer business channels expand by means of transnational networks and exchanges of experience. Knowledge potential is broadened and joint innovative projects are developed. Reflecting the growing importance of clusters as driving forces of economic and regional development, a number of cluster policies and initiatives have emerged in the last few decades, oriented to encourage the establishment of new clusters, to support existing clusters, or to assist the development of transnational cooperation. To achieve the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy, European countries should have an interest in building strong clusters and developing cluster cooperation by sharing specialized research infrastructures and testing facilities and facilitating knowledge transfer for crossborder cooperation. This requires developing a long term joint strategy in order to facilitate the development of open global clusters and innovative small and medium entrepreneurs.

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8

Palmer, Richard. "Atomic Structure and Mass-Production of Supported Size-Selected Nanoclusters." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092663.

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Deposition of size-selected nanoclusters assembled from atoms in the gas phase is a novel route to the fabrication of <10nm surface features. I will focus on the creation and atomic structure of monodispersed metal cluster arrays which enable new model catalysts and protein biochips. The atomic structure of the clusters – previously the province of theory - is revealed experimentally [1] by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in the HAADF imaging regime; we can "count" atoms and obtain 3D information not just 2D projections. Results include mass spectrometry of thiolated Au clusters, adatom dynamics on Au923 magic-number nanoclusters [2], first atomic imaging results for Au55 and Au20 and a method to explore the potential energy landscape of (Au923) clusters via cluster transformations [3], presenting a reference system for theory. A new kind of cluster beam source, to allow super-abundant generation of size-selected nanoclusters, will also be demonstrated.

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9

Kładź-Postolska, Katarzyna. "THE ROLE OF CLUSTER INITIATIVES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTERS." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 20, no. 1 (2019): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2422.

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The terms in the title of the study, such as “cluster initiative” and “cluster” need to be differentiated as management of cluster initiatives serves the creation or development of clusters. The growth of clusters in regions is also supported by so-called “cluster organizations”. The aim of the study is to discuss the role of cluster initiatives in the development of clusters. The study presents the process of creating and managing cluster initiatives as well as examples of activities undertaken as part of cluster initiatives relevant for the creation and growth of cluster competitiveness.

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10

Gates, B. C. "ChemInform Abstract: Supported Metal Cluster Catalysts." ChemInform 32, no. 13 (2001): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200113275.

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Gates, B. C. "ChemInform Abstract: Supported Metal Cluster Catalysts." ChemInform 31, no. 29 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200029227.

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12

Schaefer, D. M., A. Patil, R. P. Andres, and R. Reifenberger. "Nanoindentation of a supported Au cluster." Applied Physics Letters 63, no. 11 (1993): 1492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109666.

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13

Wertheim, G. K., and S. B. DiCenzo. "Cluster growth and core-electron binding energies in supported metal clusters." Physical Review B 37, no. 2 (1988): 844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.844.

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14

Zhang, Duo, and Lin Zhang. "Computational Study on Cu Clusters Supported on Au(010) Surfaces at Atom Scale." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.765.

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The geometry structure and adsorption energy of Cu cluster adsorbed on Au (010) surface were affected by both the height of adsorption site and temperature. The height of adsorption site has major impact on the geometry structure and adsorption energy of the cluster when the temperature is low; while it has minor impact on the geometry structure and adsorption energy of the cluster at higher temperature. The adsorption energy is relevant to the atom number of the first layer on the surface vector of the clusters.The structural of Cu clusters on Au surface and its diffusion properties were studied in this paper by molecular dynamics simulation method and computer graphics techniques. The interaction potential between atoms is adopted by EAM form proposed by Johnson, simulation adopted by canonical ensemble of molecular dynamics method, and computer simulation was adopted to simulate the atomic structure of copper clusters of different amounts of atomic layers at different temperature during heating process. Moreover the analysis of the distribution function and the mean square displacement curve were performed by two representativ kinds of copper clusters Cu55, Cu201.

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15

MURUGAN, P., VIJAY KUMAR, and YOSHIYUKI KAWAZOE. "AB INITIO STUDY OF MAGNETISM IN PALLADIUM CLUSTERS SUPPORTED ON (110) SURFACE OF TiO2 RUTILE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 15n17 (2005): 2544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205031298.

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The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Pd n (n = 6, 13) clusters supported on (110) surface of TiO 2 rutile have been studied using ab initio ultrasoft pseudopotential calculations within generalized gradient approximation. The magnetic moments and atomic structures of these clusters have only small changes when soft landed on the oxide surface. The magnetic moments of Pd 13 cluster on TiO 2 (110) surface is reduced to 6 μB as compared to 8 μB for free cluster. Our calculations also show that the adsorption energy differences between various orientations of Pd 13 cluster on the surface of the slab are small. Therefore, nearly spherical clusters such as Pd 13 can roll and have high mobility. The calculated adsorption energies of Pd 6 and Pd 13 on the (110) surface of TiO 2 slab are approximately 2.2 and 2.4 eV, respectively.

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Bhirud, V. A., G. Panjabi, S. N. Salvi, B. L. Phillips, and B. C. Gates. "Nearly Uniform MgO-Supported Pentaosmium Cluster Catalysts." Langmuir 20, no. 15 (2004): 6173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la035608a.

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17

TAKAOKA, G. H., J. MATSUO, C. E. ASCHERON, and I. YAMADA. "FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE IONIZED CLUSTER-BEAM DEPOSITION PROCESS." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (1996): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96001819.

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The electron diffraction measurement of Sb beams ejected by adiabatic expansion from a nozzle source showed that a considerable amount of clusters with a highly disordered atomic arrangement was produced. The cluster size was found to be larger than a few tens of atoms per cluster, though the exact size could not be determined. It was reported that after impact of clusters ejected from the nozzle source, cluster islands were formed on a substrate surface, and that the film formation started by direct deposition of clusters as the rapid nucleation of cluster islands. These results supported the notion that large atomic clusters existed in the beam.

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18

Li, Zhe, Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen, Koen Schouteden, et al. "Unraveling the atomic structure, ripening behavior, and electronic structure of supported Au20 clusters." Science Advances 6, no. 1 (2020): eaay4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4289.

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The free-standing Au20 cluster has a unique tetrahedral shape and a large HOMO-LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gap of around 1.8 electron volts. The “magic” Au20 has been intensively used as a model system for understanding the catalytic and optical properties of gold nanoclusters. However, direct real-space ground-state characterization at the atomic scale is still lacking, and obtaining fundamental information about the corresponding structural, electronic, and dynamical properties, is challenging. Here, using cluster-beam deposition and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, atom-resolved topographic images and electronic spectra of supported Au20 clusters are obtained. We demonstrate that individual size-selected Au20 on ultrathin NaCl films maintains its pyramidal structure and large HOMO-LUMO gap. At higher cluster coverages, we find sintering of the clusters via Smoluchowski ripening to Au20n agglomerates. The evolution of the electron density of states deduced from the spectra reveals gap reduction with increasing agglomerate size.

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19

Cui, Chaonan, Zhixun Luo, and Jiannian Yao. "Enhanced Catalysis of Pt3 Clusters Supported on Graphene for N–H Bond Dissociation." CCS Chemistry 1, no. 2 (2019): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.019.20180031.

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We report an in-depth study of catalytic N–H bond dissociation with typical platinum clusters on graphene supports. Among all the pristine graphene- and defective graphene-supported Pt clusters of different sizes that were studied, the Pt 3/G cluster possesses the highest reactivity and lowest activation barriers for each step of N–H dissociation in the decomposition of ammonia. In analyzing the reaction coordinates and projected density of states of the outermost orbitals, we found that the standing triangular Pt 3 on graphene creates prominent Lewis acid/base pair sites, which accommodate the adsorption and subsequent dissociation of *NH x . In comparison, Pt 1 lacks complementary active sites (CAS), causing it to be adverse to nucleophilic reactions, and in contrast, the Pt 13 cluster has weakened interactions and depleted charge density from the support, resulting in the elimination of the CAS effect. A stable pyramid-structured Pt 4 also develops Lewis acid/base sites, especially on defective graphene, but the density of states is still lower than the stand-up Pt 3/G. These findings strongly demonstrate the importance and necessity of cluster active sites for catalytic reactions of polar molecules, novel three-atoms metal cluster catalysis, and the selectivity and catalytic performance in the designing of ammonia fuel cells.

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20

Jiménez-Sáez, J. C., A. M. C. Pérez-Martín, and J. J. Jiménez-Rodríguez. "Influence of Energy and Temperature in Cluster Coalescence Induced by Deposition." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/812463.

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Coalescence induced by deposition of different Cu clusters on an epitaxial Co cluster supported on a Cu(001) substrate is studied by constant-temperature molecular dynamics simulations. The degree of epitaxy of the final system increases with increasing separation between the centres of mass of the projectile and target clusters during the collision. Structure, roughness, and epitaxial order of the supported cluster also influence the degree of epitaxy. The effect of energy and temperature is determinant on the epitaxial condition of the coalesced cluster, especially both factors modify the generation, growth and interaction among grains. A higher temperature favours the epitaxial growth for low impact parameters. A higher energy contributes to the epitaxial coalescence for any initial separation between the projectile and target clusters. The influence of projectile energy is notably greater than the influence of temperature since higher energies allow greater and instantaneous atomic reorganizations, so that the number of arisen grains just after the collision becomes smaller. The appearance of grain boundary dislocations is, therefore, a decisive factor in the epitaxial growth of the coalesced cluster.

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21

Zhang, Wen-Hua, Zhi-Gang Ren, and Jian-Ping Lang. "Rational construction of functional molybdenum (tungsten)–copper–sulfur coordination oligomers and polymers from preformed cluster precursors." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 18 (2016): 4995–5019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00096g.

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22

Zhao, Fei, Yang Wang, and Lihua Kang. "A density functional theory study on the performance of graphene and N-doped graphene supported Au3 cluster catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 10 (2016): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0360.

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Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to investigate the mechanism of Au3 clusters, separately supported on pure graphene (Au3/graphene) and one graphitic N-doped graphene (Au3/N-graphene). These supported Au3 clusters were used to catalyze acetylene hydrochlorination. Results show that the graphene supporter could obviously enhance the adsorption of reactants. Also, N-atom doping could broaden the energy gap between the HOMO of graphene and the LUMO of Au3, leading to the significantly attenuated interaction between the Au3 cluster and graphene by more than 19 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.184 J). The two catalysts possessed extremely similar reaction mechanisms with activation energy values of 23.26 and 23.89 kcal/mol, respectively. The calculated activation barrier declined in the order of Au3 < Au3/N-graphene < Au3/graphene, suggesting that Au3/N-graphene could be a potential catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination.

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23

Zemtsov, Stepan P., Pavel N. Pavlov, and Alla V. Sorokina. "Specifics of cluster policy in Russia." Equilibrium 11, no. 3 (2016): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.023.

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The article presents the results of management quality survey in Russian clusters that reveals specifics of cluster support policy in Russia. We compare 22 Russian clusters, supported by the Government, using series of indicators measuring cooperation intensity of cluster participants and activity of cluster management teams. We introduce a description of the typical Russian innovative territorial cluster, based on the average values of the indicators. Our analysis revealed that international communications, information about funding and training courses are highly useful tools to improve collaborations among cluster participants. This paper proposes a methodology for measuring cluster performance by the cluster scale index, cluster development index and cluster management efficiency index. In conclusion, we formulate recommendations for cluster policy improvement in Russia, based on our analysis of indicators’ correlations and comparison between the results of our research and the similar researches in other countries. This analysis will be useful for researchers and policymakers from countries, where cluster policy has recently become a popular topic.

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24

Qi, Yanying, Endre Fenes, Hongfei Ma та ін. "Cluster-Size-Dependent Interaction between Ethylene and CuCl2 Clusters Supported via γ-Alumina". Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, № 19 (2020): 10430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11037.

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25

Sirine, Hani, A. Rony Yulianto, Arif Julianto Sri Nugroho, and Sony Heru Priyanto. "Determinants of regional entrepreneurship development: empirical study of batik clusters in Indonesia." Diponegoro International Journal of Business 2, no. 2 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dijb.2.2.2019.64-75.

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This study aims to identify the factors that trigger and inhibit regional entrepreneurship and the development of regional entrepreneurship networks in terms of the economic environment, cultural environment, regulatory environment, business environment, and support environment. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistics, where data were obtained from distributing questionnaires to 100 batik entrepreneurs in the Tegal batik cluster and the Klaten batik cluster. The results of this study indicate the factors that triggered regional entrepreneurship in the Tegal and Klaten batik clusters, including the desire to invest, the desire to be creative, the desire to have autonomy, the desire to have status, the desire to have wealth, and market opportunities. The factors that become obstacles to regional entrepreneurship in the Batik Tegal and Klaten Clusters are fierce of competition, risk and cost. The development of regional networks of entrepreneurship in the Tegal batik cluster is supported by the economic environment, regulatory environment, and business environment, while in the Klaten batik cluster, it is supported by the cultural environment, business environment, and support environment.

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26

BORMAN, V. D., P. V. BORISYUK, I. V. TRONIN, et al. "MELTING POINT AND LATTICE PARAMETER SHIFT IN SUPPORTED METAL NANOCLUSTERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 19 (2009): 3903–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209053321.

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The dependencies of the melting point and the lattice parameter of supported metal nanoclusters as functions of clusters height are theoretically investigated in the framework of the uniform approach. The vacancy mechanism describing the melting point and the lattice parameter shifts in nanoclusters with decrease in their sizes is proposed. It is shown that under the high vacuum conditions (p < 10-7 torr ) the essential role in clusters melting point and lattice parameter shifts is played by van der Waals forces of cluster–substrate interaction. The proposed model satisfactorily accounts for the experimental data.

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27

Kolchinskaya, Elizaveta, and Polina Yakovleva. "Evaluation of the network interaction of the participants of the Ulyanovsk-Avia cluster»." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 224–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/013001052021210.

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The article addresses the problem of identification and analysis of clusters chosen for state support programs. The goal of the paper is to test the possibilities of social network analysis method as a tool to identify and evaluate the activity of clusters supported by the state. To solve this issue, the authors have chosen an aircraft cluster of the Ulyanovsk region — the Consortium «Scientific, educational and production cluster» Ulyanovsk-Avia. The cluster was analyzed using social network analysis based on information collected in the SPARK database. The authors build cluster networks, perform homogeneity calculations, and identify the central nodes. The results obtained allows us to conclude that Ulyanovsk-Avia demonstrates active ties between its companies. However, this interaction cannot be unambiguously classified as a cluster one.

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Akhunzhanova, I. N., Yu N. Tomashevskaya, and D. V. Osipov. "Tools for evaluating the competitiveness of innovative clusters." Baltic Region 12, no. 2 (2020): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-2-10.

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Federal programmes to support regional clusters in Russia were introduced several years ago. Today, they need updating and revision. A promising starting point for effective support for hi-tech and innovative clusters may be an evaluation of cluster performance aimed to understand whether further development and financing of cluster projects are required and whether the list of supported clusters should be extended or reduced. This article analyses the case of the Silicon Saxony innovation cluster (Germany), using the World Bank’s methodology for cluster competitiveness evaluation. Each analysis tool is provided with concrete data obtained for Germany and the Silicon Saxony cluster over the past ten years. Competitive clusters considered in the analysis are Minalogic in Grenoble (France) and Micro- and nanosystems in Catania (Italy). The results of employing the methodology are examined from the perspective of its possible use in evaluating the competitiveness of innovative clusters in the Russian Federation. Early recommendations on adapting the methodology are produced.

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29

Wang, Xue Ming, Guang Jun Wu, Lan Dong Li, and Nai Jia Guan. "Preparation of TiO₂ Supported Gold Nano-Clusters by Photo-Deposition." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1258.

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TiO2 supported gold clusters are prepared by photo-deposition method. The effect of preparation parameters on the size and morphology of gold clusters are investigated. The as-prepared Au/TiO2 samples are characterized by means of ICP, XRD and TEM. Au/TiO2 samples with different gold cluster sizes are studied as possible catalysts in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and smaller gold clusters are observed to exhibit higher catalytic activity.

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30

Thompson, Levi T., Johannes Schwank, and M. David Curtis. "CO hydrogenation over alumina-supported sulfide cluster catalysts." AIChE Journal 35, no. 1 (1989): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350112.

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31

Markel, E. J., and J. W. Van Zee. "Catalytic hydrodesulfurization by supported bimetallic sulfide cluster catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 73, no. 3 (1992): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(92)80086-v.

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32

Uzun, Alper, David A. Dixon, and Bruce C. Gates. "Prototype Supported Metal Cluster Catalysts: Ir4 and Ir6." ChemCatChem 3, no. 1 (2010): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201000271.

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Kutsenko, Evgeniy, Ekaterina Islankina, and Vasily Abashkin. "The evolution of cluster initiatives in Russia: the impacts of policy, life-time, proximity and innovative environment." foresight 19, no. 2 (2017): 87–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-07-2016-0030.

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Purpose This paper aims at assessing the impacts of the national cluster policy, cluster age, cluster development benchmarks of neighbouring regions and the cumulative level of regional innovative capacity on the quantity and quality of cluster initiatives in Russia. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses’ testing was carried out by a series of calculations comparing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cluster initiatives; the number of new cluster initiatives to the number of neighbouring regions, where cluster initiatives had begun to develop earlier; and ranks of regions within the Russian regional innovation scoreboard to the quantity and quality characteristics of cluster initiatives therein. Findings The results of the study empirically confirm that the national cluster policy significantly influenced the emergence and advancement of cluster initiatives in Russia. The proximity to the regions, having previously launched cluster support programmes, also had an impact on the emergence of new cluster initiatives. The cluster initiatives’ age had an ambiguous effect on their performance. Finally, the level of regional innovative capacity was correlated only with the number of cluster initiatives localised therein. Practical implications The findings show that along with the direct effects of the national cluster policy for the government-supported clusters, there are positive externalities, e.g. the emergence of new cluster initiatives throughout the country. Originality/value The research database of 277 cluster initiatives has been drawn up as a part of the first national cluster mapping and covers almost a decade of clustering activity in Russia. The study analyses not only the cluster initiatives supported by the federal government but also those developed independently.

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GOODMAN, D. W. "CATALYSIS BY METALS: FROM EXTENDED SINGLE CRYSTALS TO SMALL CLUSTERS." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 04 (1994): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000424.

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Model oxide-supported metal cluster catalysts have been prepared by evaporating the corresponding metal (e.g., Cu, Pd, Ni) onto a oxide thin film (~100 Å), which in turn is supported on a refractory metal (Mo, W, Ta) surface. The deposited metal films, upon annealing, form small metallic clusters on the oxide surface whose size are dependent upon the initial metal film thickness. The surface structures and cluster morphologies have been characterized using scanning probe microscopies, temperature-programed desorption, X-ray, and ultraviolet photoemission; and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy/infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of adsorbed carbon monoxide. The catalytic properties of these clusters have also been investigated with respect to several reactions including CO/O 2 and CO/NO. The chemical and electronic properties of the metal clusters with respect to size are compared to the analogous properties of extended single crystal surfaces.

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35

Bromley, Stefan T., Gopinathan Sankar, C. Richard A. Catlow, John M. Thomas, and Thomas Maschmeyer. "Bimetallic clusters supported on mesoporous silica: the effects of support interactions on cluster morphology." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 44-45 (April 2001): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1811(01)00206-2.

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36

Xing, Deng-Hui, Cong-Qiao Xu, Yang-Gang Wang, and Jun Li. "Heterogeneous Single-Cluster Catalysts for Selective Semihydrogenation of Acetylene with Graphdiyne-Supported Triatomic Clusters." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, no. 16 (2019): 10494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02029.

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Lantu, Donald Crestofel, Sri Herliana, Mia Rosmiati, Qorri Aina, and Nur Lawiyah. "The Formation of Food Cluster in Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821502009.

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Cluster has an important role in developing the existing resources in an area to be economic value. Companies gain competitive advantage through competing with each other. However, there is now an increased awareness that to ensure survival, it is necessary to balance industrial advocacy and personal interests. Thus, cluster operations are characterized by competition and cooperation, where the role of quadruple helix plays a role in it. SME clusters occur in every country, considering that SMEs are an important element in the economy of the country. Most SMEs in developing countries are located in industrial clusters. Despite the limitations in organizational resources and capacity, the grouping of companies in geographic proximity is capable of improving the performance of the companies within them. Therefore, cluster formation becomes the main attraction for deeper examination, how clusters are formed and how the process and role of elements in it. This study involves two different case studies of the chips and milk dairy clusters, both located in Cimahi, West Java. West Java is one of the provinces that have potential in the development of food and beverage clusters. This research uses qualitative data approach and supported by literature data support. From the analysis result, both clusters have different cluster forming approach, where the formation of clusters of chips, formed spreads and dairy cluster vertically.

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38

Chiboucas, Kristin, and Mario Mateo. "Low Surface Brightness Dwarf Galaxies in Nearby Clusters." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 171 (1999): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100054257.

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AbstractWe present initial results of a study of low surface brightness dwarf galaxies within galaxy clusters at z ≤ .03 as part of our program to determine the clustering properties, luminosity functions, and morphologies of dwarf galaxies in a wider range of cluster environments. In addition to deep V-band images covering up to 1 deg2 in each of 13 different clusters, we have obtained velocities from fiber spectroscopy for 235 galaxies in A3526. In A3526, we find a drop in cluster galaxy counts at intermediate magnitudes which is supported by our spectroscopic results.

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Blin, Kai, Simon Shaw, Alexander M. Kloosterman, et al. "antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities." Nucleic Acids Research 49, W1 (2021): W29—W35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab335.

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Abstract Many microorganisms produce natural products that form the basis of antimicrobials, antivirals, and other drugs. Genome mining is routinely used to complement screening-based workflows to discover novel natural products. Since 2011, the "antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH" (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) has supported researchers in their microbial genome mining tasks, both as a free-to-use web server and as a standalone tool under an OSI-approved open-source license. It is currently the most widely used tool for detecting and characterising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacteria and fungi. Here, we present the updated version 6 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 6 increases the number of supported cluster types from 58 to 71, displays the modular structure of multi-modular BGCs, adds a new BGC comparison algorithm, allows for the integration of results from other prediction tools, and more effectively detects tailoring enzymes in RiPP clusters.

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Gleason, J., D. Case, S. Rapp, et al. "Symptom clusters in newly-diagnosed brain tumor patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 8587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8587.

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8587 Background: A symptom cluster is 2 or more co-occurring symptoms. Patients with brain tumors experience disease and treatment-related symptoms that impact their health-related quality of life (QOL). Identifying symptom clusters will facilitate treatment and improve QOL outcomes. Methods: 66 patients were enrolled in a phase III, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of prophylactic d-methylphenidate (d-MPH) on QOL in newly diagnosed brain tumor patients receiving brain radiation therapy (RT). Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 13 years, primary or metastatic brain tumor, partial or whole brain RT with a total dose of ≥ 2,500 cGy in ≥ 10 fractions, KPS ≥ 70, and life expectancy ≥ 3 months. Patients received d-MPH 5–15 mg BID (or placebo) starting week 1 of RT and continuing for 8 weeks post-RT. QOL data were collected at baseline, the end of RT, and 4, 8, and 12 weeks following RT using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Symptom data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), and cluster analysis. Results: The study failed to show a treatment effect for d-MPH (Butler J et al, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Physics 63 [Supp1]:80, 2005).Thus, both d-MPH and placebo patients were analyzed together. 58 and 48 patients were analyzed at baseline and the end of RT, respectively. Two symptom clusters were identified using exploratory factor analysis and supported by MDS and cluster analysis: an expressive language cluster including difficulty reading, writing, and finding the right words, and a mood cluster including feeling sad, anxious, and having depressed mood. Conclusions: Two symptom clusters were identified in patients undergoing brain RT: an expressive language cluster and a mood cluster. This suggests that interventions that target both cognitive function and mood should be utilized. Further research on symptom clusters in cancer patients is needed. This study was supported by NCI grant 1 U10 CA81851. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Kawi, S., J. R. Chang, and B. C. Gates. "Cluster Catalysis: Propane Hydrogenolysis Catalyzed by MgO-Supported Tetrairidium." Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, no. 49 (1994): 12978–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100100a028.

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Marks, F. A., I. Lindau, and R. Browning. "Characterization of the Pd/a‐Al2O3 supported cluster system." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 8, no. 4 (1990): 3437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.576528.

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Toshima, Naoki, Toshiharu Teranishi, and Yasukazu Saito. "Palladium cluster catalysts supported on chelate resin-metal complexes." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 59, no. 1 (1992): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19920590127.

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Marubayashi, Kazuyoshi, Shinobu Takizawa, Tetsuo Kawakusu, Takayoshi Arai, and Hiroaki Sasai. "Monolayer-Protected Au Cluster (MPC)-Supported Ti−BINOLate Complex." Organic Letters 5, no. 23 (2003): 4409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol035706n.

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Wang, Ruiyao, and Zhiping Zheng. "Dendrimers Supported by the [Re6Se8]2+Metal Cluster Core." Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, no. 14 (1999): 3549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja984398z.

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Bi, YanFeng, GuanCheng Xu, WuPing Liao, ShangChao Du, RuiPing Deng, and BingWu Wang. "Calixarene-supported hexadysprosium cluster showing single molecule magnet behavior." Science China Chemistry 55, no. 6 (2012): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-012-4570-5.

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Gillet, E., and M. H. El-yakhloufi. "Supported Pdn (n=1?20) cluster reactivity : CO chemisorption." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 26, S1 (1993): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01425619.

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Tetzloff, Katerina A. "Exceptionality in Spanish Onset Clusters." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 9, no. 1 (2020): 245–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.9.1.5321.

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Spanish complex onsets have been traditionally described as consisting of a stop (/p, t, k, b, d, g/) or the fricative /f/ plus a liquid. Given that all Spanish varieties have other fricatives (/x, s/), the obstruents that can form part of an onset cluster do not straightforwardly compose a natural class. As such, past studies have argued that /f/ is exceptional in its ability as a fricative to pattern with stops in onset clusters. This paper presents empirical data from a nonce word judgment task that challenges this claim and shows that Spanish listeners rate unattested /xr/ clusters as more acceptable than ungrammatical /sr/ clusters. These results suggest that /s/, and not /f/, is exceptional in its inability to form complex onsets in Spanish. As /s/ is the sole sibilant in the Spanish consonant inventory and is uniquely characterized by the feature [strident], this generalization is easily capturable in an Optimality Theory framework. This analysis further predicts that other non-sibilant fricatives should also be acceptable in onset cluster position, such as /θ/, which is supported by data from a follow-up study with speakers of Peninsular Spanish who have this phoneme in their dialect. This analysis also predicts that other sibilants should be unacceptable in onset clusters. This is supported by data from the related languages Portuguese and Catalan that have other sibilant phonemes (/z, ʃ, ʒ/)yet also have similar onset cluster phonotactics as Spanish in that they disallow all sibilants from being in an onset cluster.

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Cutanda Henriquez, Vicente, and José Sánchez-Dehesa. "Controlling the amount of acoustic absorption by using clusters of hard cylinders." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (2021): 4608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2759.

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The viscothermal absorption of a cluster of hard cylinders periodically arranged in air is directly related with the filling fraction of the underlying lattice. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the viscous absorption of clusters with circular external shape. The study has been performed by using a homogenization theory in which the clusters have been represented by a single fluid-like cylinder with effective parameters. The validity of the homogenization approach has been supported with numerical experiments in which the viscosity of the actual cluster is calculated with an improved version of the boundary element method. The simulations have been performed by embedding the clusters in a multimode impedance tube. For example, for a circular cluster containing 817 hard cylinders distributed in a hexagonal lattice with filling ratio of 0.836, the absorptive factor calculated with the homogenization approach is 41.5%, which underestimates by about 1% the value obtained with the complete cluster.

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Sugiuchi, Mizuho, Yukatsu Shichibu, Takayuki Nakanishi, Yasuchika Hasegawa та Katsuaki Konishi. "Cluster–π electronic interaction in a superatomic Au13 cluster bearing σ-bonded acetylide ligands". Chemical Communications 51, № 70 (2015): 13519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04312c.

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Electronic coupling between a Au<sub>13</sub> superatom and CC π-units was experimentally evidenced by the absorption spectrum. The existence of such a cluster–π electronic interaction was supported by theoretical calculations.

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