Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Supraconducteurs à hautes températures – Propriétés magnétiques'
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Antonevici-Charrier, Anca. "Propriétés de transport sous contrainte mécanique de rubans supraconducteurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10221.
Full textSuperconducting films on flexible substrates or "coated conductors" are the new materials with large industrial potential, but little known because oftheir recent development. The applications based on the coated conductors induce sorne mechanical stresses on the material, which may cause sorne degradations of electrical properties. This work aims to evaluate the mechanical stresses influence on transport properties and on morphology of coated conductors. Different techniques were used, like critical current and critical temperature measurements, high magnetic fields, magneto-optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained give us a technological information on these samples supplied by Theva-GmbH, but also brings us to a fundamental study oftheirs transport properties
Badoux, Sven. "Propriétés de l'état normal des cuprates sous-dopés sous champ magnétique intense." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2625/.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied in high temperature superconductors and their phase diagram. Since their discovery in 1986, these materials have generated great interest, especially because of their high critical temperature. In the generic phase diagram of these materials, the superconducting phase is a dome with a maximal critical temperature, which defines the under-doped side (left-side of the phase diagram) and the over-doped side (right-side of the phase diagram). The dome is located between an insulating phase and a metallic phase (Fermi-liquid like). In order to understand the origin of superconductivity, it is essential to characterize the normal phase from which superconductivity arises, in particular at low temperature. Therefore, high magnetic fields were needed to destroy superconductivity and restore the low temperature normal state. Quantum oscillations have been discovered in 2007 in these materials, thanks to resistivity and magnetization measurements under high magnetic fields and low temperature. Quantum oscillations and negative Hall and Seebeck coefficients have revealed the presence of a small electron pocket in the Fermi surface of the underdoped side, covering only 2% of the first Brillouin zone (FBZ). This is in disagreement with band-structure calculations. In contrast quantum oscillations in overdoped cuprates revealed the large hole-like orbit, covering 65% of the FBZ, as predicted by the band structure calculations. The presence of this small electron pocket in underdoped compounds can be explained by a Fermi surface reconstruction. Indeed, RMN and X-rays measurements have shown the presence of a charge density wave in competition with superconductivity. To study the relationship between the Fermi surface deduced from quantum oscillations and the charge order, we have followed the evolution of the oscillation frequencies as a function of doping. Therefore, we have performed different measurements on YBa2Cu3Oy in a wide range of doping, magnetic fields (up to 70T) and temperatures. We also used hydrostatic pressure to induce a change of doping on the same sample. These measurements have revealed the presence of a new series of oscillations with a lower frequency which has been associated to a holepocket. This result allows us to explain some of the transport properties measured in YBa2Cu3Oy compound. In addition, we have also performed transport measurements in HgBa2CuO4+? samples, considered as a textbook material of the cuprate family (monolayer structure and no CuO chain). We have succeeded to observe quantum oscillations similar to those observed in YBa2Cu3Oy. This demonstrates the universality of this phenomenon in cuprates and clearly demonstrates that reconstruction of the Fermi surface involves the quintessential CuO2 planes. Finally, we have performed various simulations of Fermi surface reconstruction based on a biaxial charge order recently discovered by NMR, X-ray and sound velocity measurements. The reconstructed Fermi surface has been compared with experimental measurements
Jaudet, Cyril. "Effet de Haas-van Alphen dans les supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/701/.
Full textThis thesis work is based on quantum oscillation measurements of the magnetization in high temperature superconductors. These materials were discovered in 1986 by Bednorz and Müller. They are characterized by the presence of CuO2 planes of which the electronic concentration can be changed. At low doping, these systems have insulating behavior, the electron being localised by strong Coulomb repulsion. At very high doping, these systems recover Fermi liquid behavior. Between these two extremes there is a superconducting dome at which the maximum critical temperature corresponding to a doping, called optimum, arises. Various experimental probes reveal, on the underdoped side, the presence of the so-called \emph{pseudogap} phase. The physics of this system raise several fundamental questions: What is the nature of this \emph{pseudogap} phase and what is the pairing mechanism at the origin of this superconductivity. During this thesis, we have developed a measurent system of the magnetization with a piezoresistive cantilever under high magnetic field and at very low temperature. Our measurements have revealed the presence of quantum oscillations of the magnetization for the first time on each side of the phase diagram. These oscillations attest of the existence of a closed and coherent Fermi surface which evolves from a huge orbit of holes on the overdoped side to a Fermi surface containing one or several small pockets on the underdoped side. Moreover, the presence of a beating in these oscillations suggest the restoration of the coherence along the c-axis at very low temperature and at very high magnetic field on the underdoped side. These different experimental facts are consistent with a Fermi liquid fundamental state. The \emph{pseudogap} is a hallmark of the appearance of an ordered phase in competition with superconductivity
Daignère, Arnold. "Cristallogenèse et propriétés supraconductrices de l'oxyde (Hg,M)Ba2CuO4+delta (M=Cu,Mo,W,Cr)." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2034.
Full textLeclerc, Julien. "Méthodes et outils de caractérisation électrique et magnétique des supraconducteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005608.
Full textCheggour, Najib. "Etude en champ magnétique intense des oxydes supraconducteurs (TR)Ba2Cu3O7-delta (TR = Gd, Dy, Y) : influence de la terre rare et de la teneur en oxygène sur la température de transition et le champ magnétique critique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30202.
Full textPhok, Sovannary. "Couches supraconductrices à base de cuprates de thallium : élaboration et propriétés." Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS023.
Full textZani, Louis. "Influence du dopage sur les propriétés de transport et d'aimantation de rubans polycristallins de bi 2212 : ancrage des vortex." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0026.
Full textDanesi, Philippe. "Etude comparative dans les diagrammes de phase magnétiques (hac,T) des supraconducteurs à haute température critique 2D (BiSrCaCuO 2212) et 3D (YBaCuO 123)." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0306.
Full textMillet, Patrice. "Supraconducteurs à haute température critique (Familles 1 2 3 et 2 2 1 2) : influence de la substitution de terres rares : synthèses, structures (R.X), microstructures (M.E.) et propriétés physiques." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30012.
Full textMehdaoui, Ahmed. "Caractérisation de supraconducteurs haute température critique par susceptibilité initiale dans la limite des champs magnétiques faibles : relation entre champs critiques dynamiques et homogénéité." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0174.
Full textBordet, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude structurale de séries de composés supraconducteurs ou magnétiques : les stannures de terres rares et métaux précieux et les cuprates supraconducteurs à hautes températures." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10003.
Full textRidereau, Xavier. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du piégeage de vortex dans des couches minces supraconductrices à haute température critique : application à l'optimisation, dans le domaine des basses fréquences, de microcapteurs magnétiques supraconducteurs." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2004.
Full textAchani, Mohamed. "Etude des propriétés microondes de films supraconducteurs YBaCuO à l'aide d'une cavité conique en cuivre." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10176.
Full textLeckel, Olivier. "Structures accommodant la non-stoechiométrie dans l'oxyde supraconducteur Tl2Ba2CuO6±x à haute température critique : corrélation avec les propriétés supraconductrices." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10149.
Full textBelguerras, Lamia. "Études théoriques et expérimentales d'accouplements magnétiques supraconducteurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0040/document.
Full textMagnetic couplings (or couplers) are used to transmit torque from a prime mover to its load without mechanical contact. This contactless transmission allows to reduce noise and vibration, to increase reliability and ensure hermetic isolation in severe environments. When the prime mover is a superconducting motor, a coupler which uses superconducting materials has more torque transmission capabilities and enables to transmit torque between a cryogenic media (cryostat) and the ambient temperature. This work focuses on the study of magnetic couplers using high temperature superconductors (HTS) and permanent magnets. Radial and axial field magnetic couplings, for which we developed analytical and numerical design tools, are proposed. A 2D analytical model for calculating the magnetic field distribution in a flux focusing HTS coupling is developed and validated by finite element computations. This model is then embedded in a genetic algorithms optimization procedure. The aim is to find the dimensions of the coupling that maximize torque and minimize the overall length of the HTS wires. A prototype axial field HTS coupler has been also designed, constructed and tested. Several tests have been conducted to characterize the HTS coils. Results of magnetic field, critical current and torque measurements are presented
Delorme, Fabian. "Influence de la microstructure et de la texture sur les propriétés supraconductrices de céramiques (RE,Y)Ba2Cu3O7-delta texturées : Synthèse et caractérisation." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2012.
Full textTrosset-Jarnieux, Stéphanie. "Cuprates de thallium type 1223 : effet d'une substitution Tl-Pb, Sr-Ba et O-F sur la stabilité chimique et thermique : relations composition-propriétés supraconductrices." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10311.
Full textMeslin, Sophie. "Infiltration et croissance des céramiques YBa2Cu3O7-X texturées à structure perforée : relations microstructures et propriétés supraconductrices." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2022.
Full textThe superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3O7 (Y123), with its critical temperature of 92 K woke up with its discovery a great enthusiasm and continues to be the source of many works. Thanks to its good superconductive properties at the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) it seems to be very promising for the applications under magnetic field. In order to obtain higher critical current densities, it is necessary to increase their bulk density and to induce a preferential crystallographic orientation. This work consisted of elaborating improved samples in term of superconducting properties. The conventional texture process induces cracks and porosities in the samples and requires addition of doping agents in order to improve materials properties. We have studied a new process named "infiltration and growth" as well as an original geometry "with thin walls". The characterizations carried out on this superconducting microstructures, concerning texture and properties are reported. The optimization of the synthesis process consisted in understanding the mechanisms of infiltration and growth, then to seek the configuration and the composition giving of the most powerful samples. Critical currents densities close to 68 kA/cm2 under self field have been measured at 77 K. The study of the perforated samples showed that, thanks to the artificial "holes", the microstructures are free of porosities and the samples cool more quickly. Concerning the oxygenation process of the samples this take place easier and its more homogeneous, compared to non-perforated pellets
Beaumont, Virginie. "Synthèse de films minces de NdBa2Cu7O7-delta par ablation laser : étude des mécanismes de croissance et des propriétés physiques." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2004.
Full textBelkasri, Abdelkhalek. "Antiferromagnétisme et corrélations fortes dans les supraconducteurs à haute température." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11030.
Full textMasson, Philippe. "Etude d'écrans supraconducteurs à haute température critique massifs : application à la réalisation d'une machine électrique de conception originale." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10274.
Full textAfter a zero magnetic field cooling, high temperature superconductors are able to expel the flux lines out of their volume. We propose to use this property to make an inductor for electrical motors using superconducting shields to concentrate the flux density. As the theoretical study of this system requires the use of numerical calculation, we have developed a 3D magnetic field calculation tool based on a Markov chain Monte-Carlo method. This probabilistic method leads to a quantifiable error of calculation that we have minimized by using a signal regularization method. We have made the design of an inductor and have realized it. Thus, we have verified the efficiency of the structure and the efficiency of the calculation tools developed
Kosheleva, Natalia. "Optimization of production and use superconductor products." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10094/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the optimization the process of production of low-temperature superconductor (LTS) as well as high-temperature superconductor (HTS) products. The aim of the work is the optimization of the fabrication process. Chapter 1 deals with the process of production of low-temperature superconductors. It provides analysis of the heating/cooling phenomena in the fabrication process. The chapter also proposes a method for determining the optimum angles of tools used in the fabrication of low-temperature superconductor. Chapter 2 provides a general presentation of the high-temperature superconductors (HTS). The history of development of this material is summarized. The chapter gives a particular focus on the 2nd Generation of HTS. After a presentation of the structure of the high-temperature superconductor, the fabrication process and the challenges, we present the need for the use of numerical model on the design and fabrication of HTS.Chapter 3 presents a simplified model for HTS beams. This model is based on the classical beam theory together with the discretization of each layer in small sub-layers working under purely axial stresses. The model takes into consideration the plastic behavior of the HTS constitutive materials. This model was implemented using MATLAB software. It presents also the validation of this model by its confrontation to finite element analyses as well as its use in the optimal design of HTS. Chapter 4 presents the verification of the numerical model presented in the previous chapter for high-temperature multilayer 2G. The verification is carried out on a bending beam test conducted on a high-temperature superconductor tape. The test was presented first. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results allows the validation of the simplified model on experimental tests
Ben, Salem Ezzedine. "Halogénation et propriétés structurales et supraconductrices des oxydes La₂₋ₓBaₓCuO₄ (phases de type T) et La₁,₈₋ₓSmₓSr₀,₂CuO₄ (phases de type T, T* ou T')." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10642.
Full textMeslin, Sophie. "Infiltration et croissance des céramiques YBa2Cu3O7-d texturées à structure perforée: relations microstructures et propriétés supraconductrices." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126230.
Full textCe travail a consisté à élaborer des échantillons plus performants en terme de propriétés supraconductrices. Le procédé conventionnel de texturation induit des fissures et de la porosité dans les échantillons et nécessite l'ajout de dopants pour améliorer ses propriétés. Nous avons étudié un nouveau procédé « infiltration et croissance » ainsi que la mise en forme d'une géométrie originale « à parois minces ». Les caractérisations effectuées sur la microstructure, la texture et les propriétés supraconductrices sont rapportées.
L'optimisation du procédé a consisté à comprendre les mécanismes d'infiltration et de croissance, puis à rechercher la configuration et la composition donnant des échantillons les plus performants. Des densités de courants critiques de l'ordre de 68 kA/cm2 en champ propre ont été mesurées à 77 K.
L'étude des échantillons perforés a montré que, grâces aux « trous » artificiels, les microstructures sont exempt de porosité, les échantillons se refroidissent plus rapidement et l'oxygénation est plus rapide et homogène comparé aux matériaux non perforés.
Petrişor, Traian. "Structures magnétiques modulés pour le pinning magnétique dans les supraconducteurs à haute température." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10086/document.
Full textThe present thesis deals with the fabrication and study of hybrid, ferromagnetic/superconducting, interface systems. Magnetic mezoscopic systems, whose magnetic properties were modulated by the dimensionality (thickness and lateral size) of the systems was studied. Two types of structures were considered. The first consisted of perovskite-like epitaxial LaSrMnO thin films. We have demonstrated the direct correlation between oxygen incorporation in the LaSrMnO lattice and the evolution of its structural, magnetic and electric properties. A second class of magnetic materials that has been studied consisted of transition metals (Co) and alloys (Ni80Fe20). We have defined micronic objects from the as-deposited films, by means of optical lithography and ion beam etching. These structures were then integrated to form an interface with thin epitaxial high Tc superconducting films: YBaCuO. The ultimate goal of the above studies was the control of vortex dynamics within the superconducting layer by two mechanisms: the first, intrinsic, in which flux pinning is achieved by structural defects within the superconducting film, and a second one, extrinsic, correlated with influence of the magnetic field modulations created by the adjacent mezoscopic magnetic structure
Delorme, Fabian. "Influence de la microstructure et de la texture sur les propriétés supraconductrices de céramiques (RE,Y)Ba2Cu3O7-d texturées. Synthèse et caractérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444049.
Full textBenkaddour, Mourad. "Céramiques conductrices oxydes à base de bismuth, terre rare et vanadium : élaboration, microstructure et propriétés électriques." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-408.pdf.
Full textDai, Yaomin. "Etude des propriétés optiques du système supraconducteur Ba122 à base de fer par spectroscopie infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00733150.
Full textSousa, Rui de. "Contribution à l'étude de la physique des vortex dans le supraconducteur fortement lamellaire Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 irradié aux ions lourds." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4005.
Full textDardant, Agnès. "Elaboration et comportement magnétique de céramiques YBa2Cu3O7-delta à grains désorientés : influence d'inhomogéneités chimiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149138.
Full textBressolles, Jean-Claude. "Elaboration et caracterisation microstructurale de couches ceramiques supraconductrices YBa2Cu3O7-x sur substrat métallique." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30177.
Full textAvronsart, Julien. "Conception d’un aimant supraconducteur MgB₂ à hauts champs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS292/document.
Full textHelium shortage is an issue for superconducting magnets and drives superconducting magnet designer to find other types of effective superconductors that could be used in conduction-cooled magnets.MgB₂ is a promising superconducting material and could fill the demand. MgB₂ was discovered in2001, its critical temperature (39 K) as well as its mass production of a variety of shapes (ribbons, films, cables, wires…) over long length makes MgB₂ a competitive substitute to historical low temperature superconductors such as NbTi and Nb₃Sn in magnets. Although promising, MgB₂ conductors still need mechanical improvement compared to NbTi's and their performance in practical applications has yet to be demonstrated especially for low bending radius magnets. This thesis aims to design and builda MgB₂ conduction-cooled prototype generating a 2 T on the axis on its own in a 3 T background field. Three lengths of conductors were fused by two resistive junctions at the very heart of the winding challenging the design and the fabrication because of the thermal issues. The thesis focuses on three main topics. First, superconducting and mechanical performances of several MgB₂ conductors candidates for the prototype are analyzed and discussed. The design calculation (magnetic, mechanical,thermalization of the prototype and protection) and all the fabrication process (winding, instrumentation, thermal apparatus and impregnation) are presented. In order to validate the fabrication steps and the performances of the prototype, the protoype is tested and the results discussed in the last chapter
Ciceron, Jérémie. "Superconducting magnetic energy storage with second-generation high temperature superconductors." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT012/document.
Full textMagnetic energy is stored when a superconducting inductance is fed with current. This principle is called SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage). This kind of device has a relatively low energy density but can have a high power density. This PhD work has been conducted in the frame of the BOSSE project with the objective to develop a SMES demonstrator in the MJ range. This SMES will be especially compact and will reach a specific energy of 20 kJ/kg of winding, which is 50 % over the current world record for a superconducting coil. This performance is made possible by the use of 2nd generation high critical temperature superconductors, so-called “REBCO” conductors.This work tackles the general problematic of SMES design and proposes elements of reflection and solutions for fast pre-design of a SMES winding. The design of the high specific energy SMES of the BOSSE project is presented in detail.Modular elements (pancakes of REBCO tapes) of the SMES have been manufactured and tested in self-field and under background magnetic field. During these tests, transitions from superconducting state to normal state have been detected. These early detections have prevented the pancakes to be damaged when transitions occurred, even at very high current density (980 A/mm2 in the bare conductor). The measurement method is presented, as well as the results of the tests.The BOSSE project has been funded by the DGA (French Defence Procurement Agency)
Texier, Yoan. "Diagramme de phase et corrélations électroniques dans les supraconducteurs à base de Fer : une étude par RMN." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869743.
Full textBenkel, Tara. "Contribution à la conception et réalisation d’un insert supraconducteur haute température critique pour l’obtention de champ magnétique intense." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT009/document.
Full textRecent improvements in High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) make them promising for large scale applications. They show astonishing properties, especially at very low temperature where they are able to carry high amount of current. These conductors are also built on a nickel alloy substrate allowing them to face severe mechanical stresses. For these reasons, HTS are now placed at the heart of numerous projects for building a next generation of high field magnets. This work is conducted in the NOUGAT project, which intends to design and build a 10 T HTS insert working in a 20 T background field. Despite their outstanding properties, HTS conductors show strong inhomogeneities in their performance along their length. This added to their high heat capacity can be at the origin of local hot spots. The transition to a dissipative state on this local area is then difficult to detect; because of the low speed of its propagation. The transition signal is likely to be lost in the high noise level environment, which can lead the winding to severe or irreversible damages.One way of dealing with this problem is to create coils where the electric insulation is removed and replaced by a metallic layer, the so-called Metal-as-Insulation winding technique. In this configuration and in a case of an inhomogeneity, the current bypasses through the turn-to-turn contact resistance and prevents the winding from burning. However, in such kind of winding field stability and linearity can be an issue. The slower dynamics obtained with this method prevent its use in some applications.The main focus of this work is therefore insulated coils especially the study of the transition behaviour to explore the possibility of reliable protections. In the same extend, the present work also considers safe ways to evaluate the performance of a wound sample in order for it to work with appropriate margins when at nominal operating conditions. This would decrease the need of a strong detection/protection system: the high heat capacity of the conductor makes windings unlikely to be damaged by an outside event.For practical reasons, the NOUGAT project will be built using MI technique, and therefore some MI coils results are presented in this work for comparison purpose. In a first step, the general design constrains for the NOUGAT project insert are defined, especially tape requirements and performance calculations. This underlines the necessity of characterizing the HTS conductor under high field and at low temperature, under conditions similar to the expected operation of the final insert prototype.In a second step, this experimental short sample characterization is implemented in a model to simulate the behaviour of pancake coils designed to build magnet. The aim of the model is to investigate on the transition start and propagation inside the winding. One of the main specificities is the simulation of the whole winding taking as an input the continuous critical current density measurement given by the providers at 77 K, self-field.The last axis of this work is the study of several wound samples allowing comparison between both insulated and metallic insulated windings. Their electric, magnetic, mechanic and thermal behaviours are examined as well as the coupling issues while working inside an outer magnet. Experimental results are compared to preliminary calculations and modelling results. An experimental protocol to safely evaluate coil performance margins is also proposed and tested successfully.Conclusions are then drawn about the possibility to operate safely full scale HTS magnets with present day conductor performances
Pesant, Simon. "Étude, par principes premiers, des effets de la corrélation entre électrons sur les propriétés électroniques et magnétiques de polymères pontés et de supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4246.
Full textDescription of complex systems by Density functional theory is treated in this thesis. First, the Density functional theory and a few functionals used to simulate cristals are presented. Specifically, the LDA and GGA functionnals are described and their limits are exposed. Furthermore, the Hubbard model as well as the LDA+U functionnal are addressed in this chapter. These methods enable the study of highly correlated materials. Then, results obtained on polymers are summarized in two articles. The first one treats the band gap variation of ladder-type polymers compared to non ladder type ones. The second article considers small band gap polymers. In this case, it will be shown that an hybrid functional, which contains exact exchange, is required to describe the electronic properties of the polymers under study. Finally, the last chapter address the study of cuprates superconductors. The LDA+U can account for the localization of electrons in copper orbitals. Consequently, a study of the impact of this functionnal on electronic properties of cuprates is conducted. The chapter is ended by an article treating magnetic orders in doped La2CuO4. Supplementary materials of the second article and a description of the theory of superconductivity of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer are put in annex.