Academic literature on the topic 'Supraspinatus Tear'

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Journal articles on the topic "Supraspinatus Tear"

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Mihata, Teruhisa, Rei Morikura, Akihiko Hasegawa, et al. "Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear by Itself Does Not Cause Shoulder Pain or Muscle Weakness in Baseball Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 14 (2019): 3476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519878141.

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Background: Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries in baseball players. For some tears, the symptoms can be relieved through physical therapy or debridement without rotator cuff repair. Purpose: To assess whether partial-thickness rotator cuff tear by itself causes shoulder pain and muscle weakness in baseball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We studied 87 university baseball players (age, 19.5 ± 0.8 years; baseball career, 11.5 ± 1.6 years). All data were obtained during a full-participation annual medical check in 1 team.
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El-Amin, Saadiq F., Nicola Maffulli, Matthew C. Mai, et al. "Coracoid Impingement and Morphology Is Associated with Fatty Infiltration and Rotator Cuff Tears." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9 (2022): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092661.

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This study describes measurements between the coracoid, glenoid, and humerus; characterizes coracoid shape, rotator cuff fatty infiltration, and quantitatively evaluates coracoid impingement and its association with anterosuperior rotator cuff tears (ASCT). 193 shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans demonstrating: rotator cuff tear; isolated tear of the supraspinatus; tear of supraspinatus and subscapularis, were included. MRI measurements included coracohumeral interval (CHI), coracoid overlap (CO), coracoid recess (CR), coracoglenoid angle (CGA), and coracoglenoid interval (CGI) on
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Aktaş, Elif, Busra Ozturk, Emine Damla Kutlu, Ahmet Selef Senturk, Tuğba Ucarkus, and Leyla Ince. "Association of Supraspinatus Tear Type and Localisation Between Humeral Head Bone Cyst." Medical Science and Discovery 11, no. 11 (2024): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v11i11.1223.

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Objective: This study aims to comprehensively explore the association between different types and locations of supraspinatus tendon tears and the presence of humeral head bone cysts. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate how the location and grade of supraspinatus tears, as classified by the Elmann system, correlate with the occurrence, size, and distribution of humeral cysts. Additionally, the study examines the relationship between tear dimensions (measured anteroposteriorly), the presence of joint and subacromial fluid, and the anatomical localization of the tears (footprint, critica
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Andarawis-Puri, Nelly, Eric T. Ricchetti, and Louis J. Soslowsky. "Interaction between the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tendons: Effect of Anterior Supraspinatus Tendon Full-Thickness Tears on Infraspinatus Tendon Strain." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 9 (2009): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509334222.

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Background Rotator cuff tears are common and not well-understood shoulder problems. Structural and mechanical inhomogeneity of the supraspinatus tendon complicates accurate prediction of risk of tear propagation and may affect appropriate clinical treatment. Hypothesis We propose that interactions between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons are critical to load bearing at the glenohumeral joint and warrant investigation. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Principal strains in the infraspinatus tendon of cadaveric human shoulders were evaluated with increasing anterior fu
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Mihata, Teruhisa, Rei Morikura, Kunimoto Fukunishi, et al. "Partial-thickness Rotator Cuff Tear Itself Did Not Cause Shoulder Pain Or Muscle Weakness In Baseball Players." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (2019): 2325967119S0043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00430.

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Objectives: Rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries in baseball players. In some severe tears (i.e. through more than 50% of the cuff’s thickness), conservative treatment does not work well, and surgical treatment is sometimes chosen in an effort to ensure return to play. In contrast, some partial thickness rotator cuff tears do not cause shoulder symptoms, even during throwing motion. The objective of this study was to assess whether partial thickness rotator cuff tears cause shoulder pain and muscle weakness in baseball players. Methods: We studied 87 university baseball players (age
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Davis, Derik L., Mohit N. Gilotra, James Paul Hovis, Ranyah Almardawi, and S. Ashfaq Hasan. "Association of Rotator Cuff Tear Patterns and Intramuscular Fatty Infiltration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 9 (August 2, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_36_2019.

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Objective: The impact of rotator cuff (RC) tear pattern on intramuscular fatty infiltration (FI) is not well understood. The purpose of our study is to determine if differing RC tear patterns are associated with discordant presentations of intramuscular FI. Methods: Fifty-one adults with full-thickness tear of the posterosuperior RC on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were identified retrospectively. The study subjects were stratified by RC tear pattern: (1) L-shaped tear cohort, (2) crescent-/U-shaped tear cohort, and (3) complete tear cohort. Clinical information pertaining to age,
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Agung, Ibrahim, Fitri Anestherita, Tirza Z. Tamin, Nelfidayani, and Nazamta Yusfiatuzzahra. "Secretome Therapy, Potential Treatment for Rotator Cuff Tear: A Case Study." Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 12, no. 02 (2023): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36803/indojpmr.v12i02.375.

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Introduction: Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are the most frequent pathologies within the shoulder girdle, and this injury is the most commonly diseased tendons in the human body. RCTs can cause pain and weakness in the shoulder. A 42-year-old woman had right shoulder pain and arm lift problems for almost a year. Ultrasonography revealed a full-thickness Supraspinatus tear. The patient underwent an Ultrasound-guided supraspinatus tendon injection of 2 ml umbilical cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) secretome.
 Methods: This is a case report analyzing the role of secretome therapy in rotator cuff
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Labib, Michael, Farid Amirouche, Sonia Pradhan, Aimee Bobko, and Jason Koh. "A Biomechanical Analysis of Shoulder Muscle Excursions During Abduction, After the Treatment of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Using Superior Capsular Reconstruction (SCR), Bursal Acromial Reconstruction (BAR), and SCR with BAR." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty 6 (January 2022): 247154922211090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24715492221109001.

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Introduction Current understanding of the biomechanical effects of treatment options for irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears is lacking. This study examines how shoulder muscle lengths and excursions are affected by superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), bursal acromial reconstruction (BAR), and SCR with BAR, following a complete supraspinatus tear. Method Six fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were examined. Deltoid and RC muscle lengths were measured at 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90° of shoulder abduction under six conditions: (1) intact, (2) partially torn supraspinatus, (3) completely torn supraspi
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Kim, Jong Moon, Yong Wook Kim, Hyoung Seop Kim, et al. "The relationship between rotator cuff tear and four acromion types: cross-sectional study based on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging in 227 patients." Acta Radiologica 60, no. 5 (2018): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118791211.

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Background Rotator cuff tear (RCT) has been believed to be related to specific types of the acromion. However, most of the studies were performed on a small number of patients with surgical findings not considering the severity of RCT. Purpose To analyze the relationship between age, gender, the side of the shoulder, the acromion type, and the severity of RCT using shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). Material and Methods A total of 277 shoulder MRA findings were analyzed by a radiologist specializing in the musculoskeletal system. The relationship between variables (age, gender, si
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Kim, Eun Yeol, Byung Yoon Park, and In Bo Kim. "Preoperative Korean Shoulder Scoring System Correlates with Preoperative Factors of Rotator Cuff Tears." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 21, no. 1 (2018): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2018.21.1.30.

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BACKGROUND: The Korean Shoulder Scoring System (KSS) is a reliable and valid procedure for discriminative assessment of the clinical status of patients with rotator cuff tears. This study evaluates the correlation between the preoperative KSS and factors in patients with rotator cuff tears.METHODS: From November 2009 to June 2016, 970 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 490 patients met the study criteria. Preoperative factors included age, sex, symptom duration, mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) tear size, acromiohumeral
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Supraspinatus Tear"

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MacIntyre-Newell, Meaghan. "Vascular Changes in the Supraspinatus Muscle and Association with Intramuscular Fat Accumulation: An Experimental Study in Rabbits." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37835.

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Supraspinatus (SSP) tendon tear leads to intramuscular fat accumulation in the SSP muscle and the mechanisms are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in vascularization of the SSP muscle and the relationship to intramuscular fat accumulation following SSP tendon detachment with or without reattachment. One hundred and six rabbits underwent SSP tendon detachment. In groups of ten, thirty rabbits were sacrificed 4, 8, and 12 weeks following detachment. Forty rabbits underwent detachment and immediate reattachment and were sacrificed in groups of ten following 0
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Wang, Fang St George Clinical school UNSW. "Oxidative stress induced C-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activation in tendon cells upregulates MMP1 mRNA and protein expression." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St George Clinical school, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28815.

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To explore the potential mechanisms of tendon degeneration, we investigated the role of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activation and the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) in tendon matrix degradation under oxidative stress. JNK and MMP1 activity in samples from normal and ruptured human supraspinatus tendons were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Real-time quantitative PCR was utilized to evaluate MMP1 mRNA expression and western blotting for MMP1 and JNK protein detection. JNK activation and increased MMP1 activity were found in the torn human supraspinatus tendon tissue, as we
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Chivers, David Andrew. "Long term follow up of rotator cuff Magnetic resonance imaging changes in patients who underwent acromioplasty without repair of full thickness supraspinatus tendon tears." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16535.

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Includes bibliographical references<br>Aim: To assess the MRI pathoanatomical changes 10 years after unrepaired full thickness supraspinatus tears in a population of patients that had acromioplasty done for symptomatic impingement with a rotator cuff tear.
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Kim, Soo Young. "Supraspinatus Musculotendinous Architecture: A Cadaveric and In Vivo Ultrasound Investigation of the Normal and Pathological Muscle." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17784.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the static and dynamic architecture of supraspinatus throughout its volume in the normal and pathological state. The architecture was first investigated in cadaveric specimens free of any tendon pathology. Using a serial dissection and digitization method tailored for supraspinatus, the musculotendinous architecture was modeled in situ. The 3D model reconstructed in Autodesk MayaTM allowed for visualization and quantification of the fiber bundle architecture i.e. fiber bundle length (FBL), pennation angle (PA), muscle volume (MV) and tendon dimens
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Mendes, João Francisco Matos. "Critical Shoulder Angle: correlation with extension and retraction of supraspinatus tendon tears." Master's thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/104240.

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Mendes, João Francisco Matos. "Critical Shoulder Angle: correlation with extension and retraction of supraspinatus tendon tears." Dissertação, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/104240.

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Book chapters on the topic "Supraspinatus Tear"

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Gross, R. Michael, and Joseph Carney. "When Is It Appropriate to Begin Resistive Strengthening Exercises After the Repair of a 3.5-cm Supraspinatus Tear?" In Curbside Consultation of the Shoulder. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003523772-39.

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Sheng, J. M., K. S. A. Yew, S. M. Chou, S. H. Tan, and D. T. T. Lie. "Effects of Tears and Repairs on Supraspinatus Strain Measurements." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14515-5_239.

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Gazielly, D. F. "Functional and Anatomical Results of 27 Arthroscopic Repairs of Complete Distal Supraspinatus Tears." In Schulterinstabilität — Rotatorenmanschette. Steinkopff, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58711-5_21.

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Bell, John-Erik, and Christopher S. Ahmad. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Shows a 1-cm Supraspinatus Tear With 5 mm of Retraction and No Atrophy of the Muscle. What Are the Indications for Conservative Management Versus Surgical Intervention in a 55-Year-Old Golfer With Night Pain and Inability to Play Golf?" In Curbside Consultation of the Shoulder. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003523772-45.

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Pearl, Michael L. "A 70-Year-Old Patient Is Referred With a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Report That States a Supraspinatus Tear and Significant Degenerative Changes of the Glenohumeral Joint. Do You Counsel the Patient for Rotator Cuff Repair, Total Shoulder Replacement With Cuff Repair, or a Reverse Shoulder Replacement?" In Curbside Consultation of the Shoulder. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003523772-30.

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Vilensky, Joel A., Edward C. Weber, Thomas E. Sarosi, and Stephen W. Carmichael. "Rotator Cuff (Supraspinatus) Tear." In Medical Imaging of Normal and Pathologic Anatomy. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0634-5.00125-5.

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"6 Partial Articular-Sided Supraspinatus Tear Repair." In Shoulder Surgery, edited by Joshua S. Dines, David M. Dines, and Lawrence V. Gulotta. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0039-167655.

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Ponz-Lueza, Virginia, Yaiza Lopiz, Camilla Arvinius, Cruz Rodriguez-Bobada, and Fernando Marco. "Acute and Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear: Experimental Rat Model." In Animal Models in Medical Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1007511.

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This chapter describes the injury and repair of the supraspinatus tendon in a rat. This model can be applied to produce both acute and a chronic injury. In acute injury, the tendon section and repair are performed at the same time, under general anaesthesia. In chronic injury, in the first surgical intervention, the supraspinatus tendon repair is performed with local anaesthesia and sedation. Four weeks after the injury, the injury is considered chronic, and we proceed to perform tendon repair under general anaesthesia. Depending on what we want to evaluate in both models after tendon repair,
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Clunie, Gavin, Nick Wilkinson, Elena Nikiphorou, and Deepak R. Jadon. "Common upper limb musculoskeletal lesions." In Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology, edited by Gavin Clunie, Nick Wilkinson, Elena Nikiphorou, and Deepak R. Jadon. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198728252.003.0020.

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This chapter introduces readers to some common upper limb musculoskeletal lesions, including subacromial (shoulder) impingement syndrome, adhesive capsulitis, and lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow). The epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of these conditions are presented. Algorithms for their management are provided. Other disorders presenting with a subacromial impingement pattern of pain are detailed and optimal diagnostic imaging methods proposed. These include supraspinatus/cuff tendonitis, subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff tear, long head of biceps t
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"Common upper limb musculoskeletal lesions." In Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology, 5th ed., edited by Gavin Clunie, Elena Nikiphorou, Nick Wilkinson, et al. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198885153.003.0020.

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Abstract This chapter introduces readers to some common upper limb musculoskeletal lesions, including subacromial (shoulder) impingement syndrome, adhesive capsulitis, and lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow). The epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of these conditions are presented. Algorithms for their management are provided. Other disorders presenting with a subacromial impingement pattern of pain are detailed and optimal diagnostic imaging methods proposed. These include supraspinatus/cuff tendonitis, subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff tear, long head of
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Conference papers on the topic "Supraspinatus Tear"

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McGarry, Michelle H., Jennifer L. Bissell, Bruce Y. Yang, Ranjan Gupta, and Thay Q. Lee. "Effects of Supraspinatus Tear and Repair on Glenohumeral Joint Biomechanics." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33024.

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Rotator cuff tears are common injuries seen by orthopaedic surgeons. Management may vary depending on patient factors, size and location of tear, and severity of symptoms. Treatment for symptomatic rotator cuff tear often includes subacromial decompression, debridement, and/or repair. The objective of this study was to determine the change in glenohumeral joint (GHJ) forces after repair of pathologic supraspinatus tears.
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Reuther, Katherine E., Stephen J. Thomas, Jennica J. Tucker, et al. "Returning to Overuse Activity Following a Combined Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tear Leads to Shoulder Joint Damage." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14464.

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Rotator cuff tendon tears are common conditions which can lead to significant pain and dysfunction. Tears may progress over time from isolated supraspinatus tears to complete ruptures of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, disrupting the anterior-posterior force balance provided by the subscapularis anteriorly and infraspinatus posteriorly (commonly referred to as a “force couple”) [1]. This disruption may lead to increased joint instability and result in altered glenohumeral translations which may cause damage to joint structures, such as articular cartilage and adjacent (intact
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Thomas, Stephen J., Joseph J. Sarver, Jennica Tucker, et al. "The Effect of Return to Overuse Activity After a Supraspinatus Tear on Joint Function and Biceps Mechanical Properties in a Rat Model." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53660.

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Rotator cuff tendon tears are one of the most common shoulder injuries and are most prevalent in populations performing repetitive overhead activities [1]. In addition, long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon injuries occur secondary to cuff tears and may or may not lead to functional deficits [2]. Previous animal model studies have found that in the presence of a cuff tear, the biceps has decreased mechanical properties at 8 weeks [3]. Such studies, however, did not examine the effect of repetitive overhead activity on biceps properties and shoulder function in the presence of a cuff tear. There
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Reuther, Katherine E., Stephen J. Thomas, Joseph J. Sarver, et al. "Massive Cuff Tears Alter Joint Function and Decrease Cartilage Mechanics Following Return to Overuse Activity in a Rat Model." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80072.

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Rotator cuff tendon tears are common conditions which can alter shoulder joint function and over time, cause secondary damage to the surrounding tissues, including the cartilage and other remaining tendons. Glenohumeral joint stability is dependent on a dynamic balance between rotator cuff forces, in particular the subscapularis anteriorly and the infraspinatus posteriorly. An intact rotator cuff stabilizes the joint, allowing for concentric rotation of the humeral head on the glenoid. However, a massive rotator cuff tear involving the supraspinatus and infraspinatus may disrupt the normal bal
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Oh, Joo Han, Bong-Jae Jun, Michelle H. McGarry, and Thay Q. Lee. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Rotator Cuff Tear Progression and the Influence of Parascapular Muscle Loading." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83138.

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Rotator cuff tears (RCT) commonly start at the anterior insertion of the supraspinatus and have been shown to propagate posteriorly. Early detection and repair of small or medium size tears has been shown to result in better clinical outcome and structural integrity than that of large or massive tears. However, it is unknown at which stage of rotator cuff tear propagation the biomechanical environment becomes altered. Previous biomechanical studies have not considered rotator cuff propagation based on the footprint anatomy, rotational glenohumeral joint kinematics, and the influence of anatomy
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Tuite, M., A. U. Patel, T. Scerpella, B. Chan, G. Baer, and J. Orwin. "Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tendon Tears: New Insights from Recent Anatomical Studies." In 26th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692583.

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Miller, R. Matthew, Daisuke Araki, Yoshimasa Fujimaki, Volker Musahl, and Richard E. Debski. "Correlation Between Age and Tendon Strength in Supraspinatus Tendon With Full-Thickness Tears." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14037.

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Degenerative tears of the rotator cuff tendons are a significant clinical problem, with an incidence of more than 30% in asymptomatic persons over the age of 60 [1]. As the population continues to age, the incidence of partial and full-thickness rotator cuff tears continues to increase [2], with previous studies finding that greater age also correlates with worse surgical outcomes and increased fatty degeneration in the tissue [3]. Although the relationship between age, rotator cuff injury, and poor treatment outcomes has been previously established, insufficient information exists on the biol
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Mitchell, Allyson, AmirHossein MajidiRad, and George Pujalte. "A CASE STUDY ON ACTIVATION LEVEL OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES USING ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND ASSOCIATED MUSCLE FORCES." In 2023 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2023-7918.

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Abstract Rotator cuff tears are among the most common shoulder injuries, making them an attractive topic of study. Yet, there is a lack of clear understanding of attributes associated with deep and superficial muscles when it is intended to study the recovery progress after rehabilitation. Through a systematic approach, this project investigates the activation of rotator cuff muscles using surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors. The team developed a strategic plan to investigate the precision of the NORAXON technology that is utilized in this study to ensure that it is capable of capturing sm
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Lake, Spencer P., Kristin S. Miller, Jennifer A. Kadlowec, Dawn M. Elliott, and Louis J. Soslowsky. "Inhomogeneous and Nonlinear Transverse Tensile Properties and Fiber Alignment of Human Supraspinatus Tendon." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206483.

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Rotator cuff tears may be due in part to the complex loading environment of the supraspinatus tendon (SST). Previous research has reported inhomogeneous uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of human SST [1–2] and location-specific collagen fiber alignment distributions that are qualitatively more disperse than other tendons [3–4]. Our group recently measured fiber alignment under load of samples tested along the tendon long-axis and found that re-alignment occurs in the toe-region and varies by SST location [5]. However, the mechanical properties and effect of fiber alignment under more comp
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Caliari, S. R., D. W. Weisgerber, R. A. Hortensius, D. O. Kelkhoff, M. A. Ramirez, and B. A. C. Harley. "Patterning Anisotropic Collagen Scaffolds for Tendon Insertion Regeneration." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80865.

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Tendons are connective tissues that transmit loads between bone and muscle. The biological solution to the problem of connecting relatively compliant tendon to stiffer (∼2 orders of magnitude) bone is a gradient interface zone ∼100μm wide. Over the tendon-bone-junction (TBJ) a linear transition takes place in the ECM inorganic:organic (mineral:collagen) ratio as well as mineral crystallinity from that of tendon to bone. While small TBJ injuries can heal via regeneration, severe defects undergo repair-mediated healing characterized by fibrocartilagenous scar tissue with inferior biomechanical a
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