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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surface actuators

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Academic literature on the topic 'Surface actuators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Surface actuators"

1

Jang, Minsu, Jun Sik Kim, Ji-Hun Kim, Do Hyun Bae, Min Jun Kim, Donghee Son, Yong-Tae Kim, Soong Ho Um, Yong Ho Kim, and Jinseok Kim. "Surface-Controlled Molecular Self-Alignment in Polymer Actuators for Flexible Microrobot Applications." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040736.

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Polymer actuators are important components in lab-on-a-chip and micromechanical systems because of the inherent properties that result from their large and fast mechanical responses induced by molecular-level deformations (e.g., isomerization). They typically exhibit bending movements via asymmetric contraction or expansion with respect to changes in environmental conditions. To enhance the mechanical properties of actuators, a strain gradient should be introduced by regulating the molecular alignment; however, the miniaturization of polymer actuators for microscale systems has raised concerns regarding the complexity of such molecular control. Herein, a novel method for the fabrication of micro-actuators using a simple molecular self-alignment method is presented. Amphiphilic molecules that consist of azobenzene mesogens were located between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, which resulted in a splayed alignment. Thereafter, molecular isomerization on the surface induced a large strain gradient and bending movement of the actuator under ultraviolet-light irradiation. Moreover, the microelectromechanical systems allowed for the variation of the actuator size below the micron scale. The mechanical properties of the fabricated actuators such as the bending direction, maximum angle, and response time were evaluated with respect to their thicknesses and lengths. The derivatives of the polymer actuator microstructure may contribute to the development of novel applications in the micro-robotics field.

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Oliver, A. D., S. R. Vigil, and Y. B. Gianchandani. "Photothermal surface-micromachined actuators." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 50, no. 4 (April 2003): 1156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2003.812505.

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Shrestha, Milan, Gih-Keong Lau, Anand Asundi, and Zhenbo Lu. "Dielectric Elastomer Actuator-Based Multifunctional Smart Window for Transparency Tuning and Noise Absorption." Actuators 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10010016.

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Soft actuators are compliant material-based devices capable of producing large deformation upon external stimuli. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) are a type of soft actuator that operates on voltage stimuli. Apart from soft robotics, these actuators can serve many novel applications, for example, tunable optical gratings, lenses, diffusers, smart windows and so on. This article presents our current work on tunable smart windows which can regulate the light transmittance and the sound absorption. This smart window can promote daylighting while maintaining privacy by electrically switching between transparent and opaque. As a tunable optical surface scatters, it turns transparent with smooth surfaces like a flat glass; but it turns ‘opaque’ (translucent) with the micro-rough surface. The surface roughness is varied employing surface micro-wrinkling or unfolding using dielectric elastomer actuation. Moreover, this smart window is equipped with another layer of transparent micro-perforated dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA), which acts like Helmholtz resonators serving as a tunable and broader sound absorber. It can electrically tune its absorption spectrum to match the noise frequency for maximum acoustic absorption. The membrane tension and perforation size are tuned using DEA activation to tune its acoustic resonant frequency. Such a novel smart window can be made as cheap as glass due to its simple all-solid-state construction. In future, they might be used in smart green buildings and could potentially enhance urban livability.

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Uetsuji, Yasutomo, Hiroyuki Kuramae, Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya, and Hidetoshi Sakamoto. "Development of a New Piezoelectric Actuator with Slits." ISRN Materials Science 2013 (July 25, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/172054.

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A piezoelectric actuator was developed for fluid pumps in health monitoring systems. We devised a piezoelectric actuator with some slits, which allows the stretching and contracting deformation in in-plane direction and creates large deflection in out-of-plane direction. The static behaviors under uniform electric field have been analyzed by finite element method. And then, the optimum geometry of slits was searched by response surface methodology for unimorph and bimorph actuators to output the largest deflection under various fixed conditions. The computational results indicated that a bimorph actuator with cross-shaped slit under outside-fixed condition has superior performance for fluid pumps. The proposed slit-inserted actuators have been manufactured as an experiment. As a result, it was verified that the developed actuator can amplify the deflection compared with conventional nonslit actuators.

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Hofmann, Viktor, and Jens Twiefel. "Optimization of a Piezoelectric Bending Actuator for a Tactile Virtual Reality Display." Energy Harvesting and Systems 2, no. 3-4 (April 14, 2015): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2014-0055.

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Abstract The excitation of mechanoreceptors in the finger with different frequencies and intensities generates a tactile impression. For the experience of a complete surface many distributed sources are needed in the tactile display. For these local stimulations of the finger several piezoelectric bending actuators will be arranged in an array perpendicular to the skin. The challenge in the system design is to transfer high dynamic shear forces to the skin at required frequencies together with a compact display design. In order to estimate the dynamic behavior of the bending actuators a transfer matrix method model based on the Timoshenko beam theory is derived. Beside the outer geometric values, the layered structure of the actuator is included in the model. In addition the influence of the load on the actuator’s tip in lateral and in normal direction as well as on the rotational degree of freedom is taken into account. Using the analytical approach, a parametric study is carried out to find an optimized actuator design for the display. For the validation, the modeled beam is compared with experimental data.

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He, Hong Lin, and Jun Ping Wang. "Effect of Anisotropic Membrane Surface Modification of Nafion Based Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 2000–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2000.

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In order to enhance the electromechanical characteristics of IPMCs actuators under low voltage, a set of anisotropic membrane surface modification techniques, including roughness along, roughness across and roughness across both directions, is proposed in this paper. Three groups of IPMCs samples based on corresponding roughness direction have been prepared to validate the these surface modification. Experiments have been made to measure the electromechanical characteristics of the samples. The results show that the IPMCs actuator with micro-grooves being across the length of the IPMCs actuator could improve the IPMCs’ tip blocking force and deflection, and it exhibits blocking forces by 10% larger than the conventional IPMCs while its displacement is approximately 8% larger. We can conclude that an appropriate anisotropic surface modification could be an effective method to create a preferred bending force and to enhance the bending margin of IPMCs actuators.

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Yu, Huangchao, and Xiaodong Wang. "Modelling and simulation of surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators with bending effects." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 4 (July 28, 2016): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16649701.

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In the modelling of thin-sheet piezoelectric actuators the effect of bending of the actuator itself is usually ignored. The current paper presents a model of a surface bonded piezoelectric actuator subjected to electric loading, which contains both the axial and bending deformations. The static electromechanical response of the actuator is studied under different mechanical and geometrical conditions to evaluate the effect of bending. An imperfectly bonded interface is proposed to simulate debonding and to study its effect on the actuation process. The problem is formulated as integral equations in terms of the interfacial shear and normal stresses, which are solved by using Chebyshev polynomials. Based on the solution, the effect of bending of the actuator upon load transfer is analysed. Illustrative examples are presented to show the effect of the material property, the geometry and the interfacial debonding on the response of the integrated structure.

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Park, Minjeong, Joohee Kim, Hanjung Song, Seonpil Kim, and Minhyon Jeon. "Fast and Stable Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with PEDOT:PSS/(Graphene–Ag-Nanowires) Nanocomposite Electrodes." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093126.

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Ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators that are driven by electrical stimuli have been widely investigated for use in practical applications. However, conventional electrodes in IEAP actuators have a serious drawback of poor durability under long-term actuation in open air, mainly because of leakage of the inner electrolyte and hydrated cations through surface cracks on the metallic electrodes. To overcome this problem, a top priority is developing new high-performance ionic polymer actuators with graphene electrodes that have superior mechanical, electrical conductivity, and electromechanical properties. However, the task is made difficultby issues such as the low electrical conductivity of graphene (G). The percolation network of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) is believed to enhance the conductivity of graphene, while poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which exhibits excellent stability under ambient conditions, is expected to improve the actuation performance of IEAP actuators. In this study, we developed a very fast, stable, and durable IEAP actuator by employing electrodes made of a nanocomposite comprising PEDOT:PSS and graphene–Ag-NWs (P/(G–Ag)). The cost-effective P/(G–Ag) electrodes with high electrical conductivity displayed a smooth surface resulting from the PEDOT:PSS coating, which prevented oxidation of the surface upon exposure to air, and showedstrong bonding between the ionic polymer and the electrode surface. More interestingly, the proposed IEAP actuator based on the P/G–Ag electrode can be used in active biomedical devices, biomimetic robots, wearable electronics, and flexible soft electronics.

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Ruotsalainen, Pasi, Petter Kroneld, Kalervo Nevala, Timo Brander, Tomi Lindroos, and Merja Sippola. "Shape Control of a FRP Airfoil Structure Using SMA-Actuators and Optical Fiber Sensors." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.196.

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The aim of this work was to design a control system for the shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator operated airfoil (a cross section of wind turbine blade). Design of SMA control is focused on the reliable operation of the SMA actuators. The actuator should follow the targeted shape accurately and without too much delay. Another objective is to avoid overheating which is the most critical damage to the structure. SMA actuator shape control is in principle possible to do with any position control method, but the specific properties of the SMA actuators, like the hysteresis, the first cycle effect and the long term changes, need to be taken into account. In this work, a wing profile prototype was measured using optical fiber sensors and traditional strain gauges. Also, external laser sensors were used to measure displacements of upper/lower surface and trailing edge. Shape change was obtained by embedding SMA wire actuators into fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structure. SMA actuators were laminated in such way that bending of trailing edge is always downwards. Actuators are activated with Joule heating and the temperature is measured with integrated thermocouples and optical fiber temperature sensors. As a result, this work gave information about the usability of optical fibers sensors in active FRP composite structures. Measurements also give information about the efficiency of SMA actuators in shape control of relatively stiff FRP structures.

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Kedzierski, Jakub, and Eric Holihan. "Linear and rotational microhydraulic actuators driven by electrowetting." Science Robotics 3, no. 22 (September 19, 2018): eaat5643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat5643.

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Microhydraulic actuators offer a new way to convert electrical power to mechanical power on a microscale with an unmatched combination of power density and efficiency. Actuators work by combining surface tension force contributions from a large number of droplets distorted by electrowetting electrodes. This paper reports on the behavior of microgram-scale linear and rotational microhydraulic actuators with output force/weight ratios of 5500, cycle frequencies of 4 kilohertz, <1-micrometer movement precision, and accelerations of 3 kilometers/second2. The power density and the efficiency of the actuators were characterized by simultaneously measuring the mechanical work performed and the electrical power applied. Maximum output power density was 0.93 kilowatt/kilogram, comparable with the best electric motors. At maximum power, the actuator was 60% efficient, but efficiencies were as high as 83% at lower power. Rotational actuators demonstrated a torque density of 79 newton meters/kilogram, substantially more than electric motors of comparable diameter. Scaling the droplet pitch from 100 to 48 micrometers increased power density from 0.27 to 0.93 kilowatt/kilogram, validating the quadratic scaling of actuator power.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface actuators"

1

Messenger, Robert K. "Modeling and Control of Surface Micromachined Thermal Actuators." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd434.pdf.

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Fleming, Mark Richard. "An experimental investigation of the harmonic excitation of simply supported plates with multiple surface-bonded piezoceramic actuators." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06082009-171009/.

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Dessolin, Samuel. "Membrane models for a controllable surface." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17527.

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Spano, Joseph S. (Joseph Samuel). "Surface wave distributed actuators for plannar manipulation with application to human transport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88840.

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Montgomery, Matthew. "Magnetically Deflectable MEMS Actuators for Optical Sensing Applications." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6226.

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In this work, new small deflection magnetic actuators have been proposed, designed, and tested for applications in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering optical sensors. Despite the fact that SERS sensors have been shown to increase Raman over ten orders of magnitude for molecular detection, several technological challenges have prevented the design of practical sensors, such as making SERS sensors that can efficiently detect a wide variety of molecules. Since the optimum signal-to-noise in SERS occurs at different excitation wavelengths for different molecules, individual metal nanostructures need to be designed and fabricated for each independent chemical species. One possible solution to this problem is to tune the plasmon resonance frequency of the metal nanoparticles to eliminate the need for individually optimized particles. In order to achieve a tunable local dielectric environment, and thus allow for control over the resonance frequency of metal nanoparticles, a new SERS sensor geometry is proposed and a large deflection magnetic actuator is fabricated and tested as a starting point for the design of a small deflection magnetic actuator. Using the newly developed SERS geometry and the optimized fabrication processing techniques, two small deflection magnetic actuator beam structures were designed, fabricated, and tested. These devices utilizes an off-chip electromagnet source able to produce a magnetic force of approximately 14 ?N on the on-chip nickel film generating deflections up to 139 nm for the straight beam device and 164 nm for the curved beam device. In the process of characterizing the newly developed small deflection magnetic actuator, an integrated magnetic actuator with electrostatic restoration geometry was conceived. This device was designed to meet the specifications of the small deflection magnetic actuator as well as eliminate the need of an off-chip magnetic source and fully integrate the process atop the metal nanoparticle arrays. Using adhesive iron based magnetic strips as the magnetic drive source, circular NiFe beams with 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm diameters were designed and simulated. Calculations predicted maximum achievable actuation of up to 2.5 ?m. Processing steps were laid out for a set of integrated devices as a possible predecessor to the newly designed small deflection magnetic actuator.
M.S.E.E.
Masters
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science

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Tong, Daqun. "Modeling and Optimal Shape Control of a Laminated Composite Thin Plate with Piezoelectric Actuators Surface Embedded or Bonded." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1184345824.

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Doepke, Edward Brady. "Design Demonstration and Optimization of a Morphing Aircraft Control Surface Using Flexible Matrix Composite Actuators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82494.

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The morphing of aircraft wings for flight control started as a necessity for the Wright Brothers but quickly fell out of favor as aircraft increased speed. Currently morphing aircraft control is one of many ideas being explored as we seek to improve aircraft efficiency, reduce noise, and other alternative aircraft solutions. The conventional hinged control surface took over as the predominant method for control due to its simplicity and allowing stiffer wings to be built. With modern technologies in variable stiffness materials, actuators, and design methods, a morphing control surface, which considers deforming a significant portion of the wing's surface continuously, can be considered. While many have considered morphing designs on the scale of small and medium size UAVs, few look at it for full-size commercial transport aircraft. One promising technology in this field is the flexible matrix composite (FMC) actuator. This muscle-like actuator can be embedded with the deformable structure and unlike many other actuators continue to actuate with the morphing of the structure. This was demonstrated in the FMC active spoiler prototype, which was a full-scale benchtop prototype, demonstrated to perform under closed-loop control for both the required deflection and load cases. Based on this FMC active spoiler concept a morphing aileron design was examined. To do this an analysis coupling the structure, fluid, and FMC actuator models was created. This allows for optimization of the design with the objectives of minimizing the hydraulic energy required and mass of the system by varying the layout of the FMC aileron, the material properties used, and the actuator's design and placement with the morphing section. Based on a commercial transport aircraft a design case was developed to investigate the optimal design of a morphing aileron using the developed analysis tool. The optimization looked at minimizing the mass and energy requirements of the morphing aileron and was subject to a series of constraints developed from the design case and the physical limitations of the system. A Pareto front was developed for these two objectives and the resulting designs along the Pareto front explored. From this optimization, a series of design guidelines were developed.
Ph. D.

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Oliver, Danielle Simonette. "Power Requirements of Control Surface Actuators Towards Active Aeroelastic Control Using the Method of Receptances." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami159601703575348.

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Jeličić, Aleksandra, Alwin Friedrich, Katarina Jeremić, Gerd Siekmeyer, and Andreas Taubert. "Polymer hydrogel/polybutadiene/iron oxide nanoparticle hybrid actuators for the characterization of NiTi implants." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4858/.

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One of the main issues with the use of nickel titanium alloy (NiTi) implants in cardiovascular implants (stents) is that these devices must be of very high quality in order to avoid subsequent operations due to failing stents. For small stents with diameters below ca. 2 mm, however, stent characterization is not straightforward. One of the main problems is that there are virtually no methods to characterize the interior of the NiTi tubes used for fabrication of these tiny stents. The current paper reports on a robust hybrid actuator for the characterization of NiTi tubes prior to stent fabrication. The method is based on a polymer/hydrogel/magnetic nanoparticle hybrid material and allows for the determination of the inner diameter at virtually all places in the raw NiTi tubes. Knowledge of the inner structure of the raw NiTi tubes is crucial to avoid regions that are not hollow or regions that are likely to fail due to defects inside the raw tube. The actuator enables close contact of a magnetic polymer film with the inner NiTi tube surface. The magnetic signal can be detected from outside and be used for a direct mapping of the tube interior. As a result, it is possible to detect critical regions prior to expensive and slow stent fabrication processes.

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Lin, I.-Ting. "Dielectric elastomer actuators in electro-responsive surfaces based on tunable wrinkling and the robotic arm for powerful and continuous movement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289711.

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Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have been used for artificial muscles for years. Recently the DEA-based deformable surfaces have demonstrated controllable microscale roughness, ease of operation, fast response, and possibilities for programmable control. DEA muscles used in bioinspired robotic arms for large deformation and strong force also become desirable for their efficiency, low manufacturing cost, high force-to-weight ratio, and noiseless operation. The DEA-based responsive surfaces in microscale roughness control, however, exhibit limited durability due to irreversible dielectric breakdown. Lowering device voltage to avoid this issue is hindered by an inadequate understanding of the electrically-induced wrinkling deformation as a function of the deformable dielectric film thickness. Also, the programmable control and geometric analysis of the structured surface deformation have not yet been fully explored. Current methods to generate anisotropic wrinkles rely on mechanical pre-loading such as stretching or bending, which complicates the fabrication and operation of the devices. With a fixed mechanical pre-loading, the device can only switch between the flat state and the preset wrinkling state. In this thesis, we overcome these shortcomings by demonstrating a simple method for fabricating fault-tolerant electro-responsive surfaces and for controlling surface wrinkling patterns. The DEA-based system can produce different reversible surface topographies (craters, irregular wrinkles, structured wrinkles) upon the geometrical design of electrode and application of voltage. It remains functional due to its ability to self-insulate breakdown faults even after multiple high voltage breakdowns, and the induced breakdown punctures can be used for amplification of local electric fields for wrinkle formation at lower applied voltages. We enhance fundamental understanding of the system by using different analytical models combined with numerical simulation to discuss the mechanism and critical conditions for wrinkle formation, and compare it with the experimental results from surface topography, critical field to induce wrinkles in films of different thickness, and wrinkling patterns quantitatively analysed by different disorder metrics. Based on the results, we demonstrate its wide applicability in adjustable transparency films, dynamic light-grating filter, molding for static surface patterns, and multi-stable mirror-diffusor-diffraction grating device. For DEAs used for macroscopic-scale deformation in robotic arms, the main issue that undermines the performance of DEA muscles is the trade-off between strong force and large displacement, which limits the durability and range of potential robotic and automation applications of DEA-driven devices. In this thesis, this challenge is tackled by using DEAs in loudspeaker configuration for independent scaling-up of force and displacement, developing a theoretical prediction to optimise the operation of such DEAs in bioinspired antagonistic system to maximise speed and power of the robotic arm, and designing a clutch-gear-shaft mechanical system collaborating with the muscles to decouple the displacement and output force. Therefore, the trade-off between force and displacement in traditional DEA muscles can be resolved. The mechanical system can also convert the short linear spurt to an unlimited rotary motion. Combining these advantages, continuous movement with high output force can be accomplished.

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Books on the topic "Surface actuators"

1

Goldfarb, Michael. Minimum surface-effect microgripper design for force-reflective telemanipulation of a microscopic environment. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Goldfarb, Michael. Minimum surface-effect microgripper design for force-reflective telemanipulation of a microscopic environment. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Goldfarb, Michael. Minimum surface-effect microgripper design for force-reflective telemanipulation of a microscopic environment. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Lammel, Gerhard. Optical Microscanners and Microspectrometers using Thermal Bimorph Actuators. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002.

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Navarro, Robert. Performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator on the F-18 systems research aircraft. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Dryden Flight Research Center, 1997.

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Navarro, Robert. Performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator on the F-18 systems research aircraft. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Dryden Flight Research Center, 1997.

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H, Lipsey James, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Design of a minimum surface-effect tendon-based microactuator for micromanipulation. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Nikola, Celanovic, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Minimum surface-effect microgripper design for force-reflective telemanipulation of a microscopic environment. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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M, Verdon Joseph, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Active control of wake/blade-row interaction noise through the use of blade surface actuators. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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Hedenström, Anders. Flight. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0032.

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Animal flight represents a great challenge and model for biomimetic design efforts. Powered flight at low speeds requires not only appropriate lifting surfaces (wings) and actuator (engine), but also an advanced sensory control system to allow maneuvering in confined spaces, and take-off and landing. Millions of years of evolutionary tinkering has resulted in modern birds and bats, which are achieve controlled maneuvering flight as well as hovering and cruising flight with trans-continental non-stop migratory flights enduring several days in some bird species. Unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms allows for hovering and slow flight in insects, birds and bats, such as for example the delayed stall with a leading edge vortex used to enhance lift at slows speeds. By studying animal flight with the aim of mimicking key adaptations allowing flight as found in animals, engineers will be able to design micro air vehicles of similar capacities.

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Book chapters on the topic "Surface actuators"

1

Johnstone, Robert W., and M. Parameswaran. "Electrostatic Actuators." In An Introduction to Surface-Micromachining, 135–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8021-0_11.

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Johnstone, Robert W., and M. Parameswaran. "Electro-Thermal-Compliant Actuators." In An Introduction to Surface-Micromachining, 153–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8021-0_12.

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Kurosawa, Minoru Kuribayashi. "Surface Acoustic Wave Motor Modeling and Motion Control." In Next-Generation Actuators Leading Breakthroughs, 7–18. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-991-6_2.

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Göksel, B., and I. Rechenberg. "Active Flow Control by Surface Smooth Plasma Actuators." In New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics V, 273–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33287-9_34.

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Takasaki, Masaya. "Segment-Structured Diamond-Like Carbon Films Application to Friction Drive of Surface Acoustic Wave Linear Motor." In Next-Generation Actuators Leading Breakthroughs, 291–301. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-991-6_25.

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Kim, Chang-Jin. "The Use of Surface Tension for the Design of MEMS Actuators." In Nanotribology, 239–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1023-9_19.

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Skowrońska, Justyna, Jakub Zaczyński, Andrzej Kosucki, and Łukasz Stawiński. "Modern Materials and Surface Modification Methods Used in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Actuators." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 427–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59509-8_39.

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Sparenberg, J. A. "The Actuator Surface." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 95–137. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1812-7_2.

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Fukunishi, Yu, Isao Ebina, and Ryoji Kobayashi. "Generation of Oblique Waves in a Blasius Boundary Layer by Thin Piezo-Film Actuators Attached to the Wall Surface." In Laminar-Turbulent Transition, 301–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03997-7_44.

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Richter, Hendrik, Sebastian Löhmann, and Alexander Wiethoff. "HapticArmrest: Remote Tactile Feedback on Touch Surfaces Using Combined Actuators." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25167-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Surface actuators"

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Atre, Amarendra P. "Dynamic Response of Surface Micromachined Horizontal Beam Flexure Actuators." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59040.

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Surface micromachined electro-thermal beam flexure actuators are characterized by a number of desirable attributes including low response time, which encourages their use in sensing applications. This provides motivation for investigating the dynamic characteristics of these actuators in order to design more energy efficient electro-thermal actuators. To this end, this paper presents the development and implementation of a comprehensive finite element model to examine the transient response of the beam flexure actuator in air and vacuum environments. The predicted dynamic response of the actuator in air is compared with measured data and a previous analytical model. The effects of pulse width modulation are also investigated using model simulations, which might simplify implementation of the actuator in microsystems.

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Atre, Amarendra P. "Modeling the Response of Surface Micromachined Thermal Actuators." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79197.

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Thermal microactuators, devices that use the principle of thermal expansion to amplify motion, have several advantages in comparison with other actuators used to motivate surface micromachined components such as rotary microengines. They provide higher output forces and have simple geometries. Accurate steady-state and transient modeling of such thermal actuators provides a tool for design optimization to obtain better actuator performance. This paper describes the development, modeling issues and results of a three dimensional multiphysics non-linear finite element model of a surface micromachined thermal actuator. The simulation results are compared with experimentally measured data. Reasonable agreement is observed for static actuator deflection response. The measured transient response is observed to be significantly slower than that predicted by the finite element model.

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Huang, Shih-Lin, Chin-Chou Chu, Chien C. Chang, and Horn-Sen Tzou. "Spatial Electrostrictive Actuation of Circular Cylindrical Tubes." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67997.

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Circular cylindrical shells are common components in aerospace structures and many other engineering systems, e.g., rockets, tubes, piping systems, peristaltic pumps, storage tanks, etc. Electromechanical actuators laminated on the shell surfaces can certainly strengthen the shell when needed. Or, regulated inputs to the surface actuators can introduce prescribed surface waves to control the shell oscillation. This study is to evaluate spatial actuation characteristics of circular cylindrical shells using segmented electrostrictive actuators. Electrostrictive actuations induced by surface laminated electrostrictive actuators are defined first. Governing equations of a hybrid circular cylindrical shell/electrostrictive actuator system are formulated. The total electrostrictive actuation and its contributing circumferential membrane/bending and longitudinal bending components are evaluated with respect to shell modal characteristics, design parameters and control voltages. The actuator’s quadratic behavior only generate a positive control force or moment and thus an actuator patch can suppress (or amplify) the vibration in the positive (or negative) displacement. Accordingly, the quadratic electrostrictive actuation suggests that appropriate input voltage(s) need to be carefully applied to specific actuator(s) or regions in order to control, but not to amplify, the shell oscillations. Based on the spatially distributed modal actuation, generic design guidelines and optimal actuation locations are proposed.

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JACOBS, J., R. JAMES, C. RATLIFF, and A. GLEZER. "Turbulent jets induced by surface actuators." In 3rd Shear Flow Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3243.

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Baird, Eric, and Kamran Mohseni. "Surface Tension Actuators Droplets in Microchannels." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79371.

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A unified model is presented for the velocity of discrete droplets in microchannels actuated by surface tension modulation. Specific results are derived for the cases of electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), dielectrophoresis (DEP), continuous electrowetting (CEW), and thermocapillary pumping (TCP). This treatment differs from previously published works by presenting one unified analytic model which is then simply applied to the specific cases of EWOD, CEW, DEP and TCP. In addition, the roles of equiliubrium contact angle and contact angle hysteresis are unambiguously described for each method. The model is shown to agree with experimental and theoretical results presented previously, predicting fluid velocities for a broad range of applications in digitized microfluidics.

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Serrano, Justin R., and Leslie M. Phinney. "Optical Testing of Polycrystalline Silicon Flexure-Type Optical Actuators." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14950.

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Optical actuation is a necessity for the development of alloptical MEMS devices. Optically-powered actuators relying on a photothermal process are limited by overheating and structural damage resulting from the absorption of laser power. Surface micromachined polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) optical actuators, powered using an 808 nm continuous wave laser, were evaluated for displacement performance and susceptibility to damage. The tested actuators were of a flexure-type design fabricated from either a single 2.25 μm polysilicon layer or a 4.5 μm polysilicon laminate layer, and in three different designs. Displacement of the actuators was linear with power for all tested designs for powers below those that cause damage to the irradiated surface. Maximum displacement observed was in the 7-9 μm range regardless of actuator design. After surface damage is initiated, displacement of the actuator during irradiation recedes in all actuators, with actuators with a 50 μm-wide target surface exhibiting complete recession in their displacement. The return position of the actuators after the irradiated surface has damaged also exhibits recession on the order of 4-5 μm for surfaces damaged with up to 650 mW. Exposing the actuator surfaces to longer irradiation times had no effect on the displacement if the surface had no damage, but resulted in regression of the displacement as the irradiation time increased if the surface had preexisting damage.

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Rizwan, Mohsin, and Panos S. Shiakolas. "Towards the Realization of a Conveyor Platform for Microparts Employing a Deformable Surface." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87910.

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Various approaches ranging from micro-sized air-nozzles to direct manipulation through bimetallic actuators have been proposed to displace/orient sub-millimeter sized parts for automatic assembly of homogeneous and/or heterogeneous microdevices Keeping in view the micromanipulation requirements, based on the concept of active surface, a new approach for micromanipulation has been proposed by the authors which comprises of controlled deformation of a flexible continuous surface [1]. A single actuator system has limited micropart translocation capability and multiple sequential actuators need to be used if the required translocation distance is more than the capability of an actuator. For a single actuator system, the parameters of the system and their influence on the system output (translocation distance or travel distance) have already been discussed as function of the input frequency, actuator stroke, surface roughness and deformation wavelength [2]. In a multiactuator system, the subsequent actuators engage the micropart with a finite initial velocity and at some position relative to the actuator. Therefore, a sequential array of actuators exhibits a different set of overall operational characteristics. This manuscript describes the operational characteristics of sequential actuators towards a microconveyor system over a range of actuator frequencies and other system parameters and estimates the system output i.e. the micropart distance travelled or translocation. The discussion is based on a two actuator system with the conclusions generalized for a multi-actuator system.

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Miller, S. L., M. S. Rodgers, G. LaVigne, J. J. Sniegowski, P. Clews, D. M. Tanner, and K. A. Peterson. "Failure modes in surface micromachined microelectromechanical actuators." In 1998 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings 36th Annual. IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/relphy.1998.670437.

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Calkins, Frederick T., and Dan J. Clingman. "Vibrating surface actuators for active flow control." In SPIE's 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Anna-Maria R. McGowan. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.475055.

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Stewart, M. "Surface displacement mapping of piezoelectric multilayer actuators." In Eighth International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications. IEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20000549.

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Reports on the topic "Surface actuators"

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Cline, Joseph I. Surface Absorption Polarization Sensors (SAPS), Final Technical Report, Laser Probing of Immobilized SAPS Actuators Component. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/977056.

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Goldstein, David B. DNS for New Applications of Surface Textures and MEMS Actuators for Turbulent Boundary Layer Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada472644.

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Inman, Daniel J. Shape Memory Actuators for Tab-Assisted Control Surfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377471.

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