Journal articles: 'Surface chemistry. Nanoparticles. Dielectrics'

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Tawade, Bhausaheb V., Ikeoluwa E. Apata, Nihar Pradhan, Alamgir Karim, and Dharmaraj Raghavan. "Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Polymer-Grafted Low-K and High-K Nanoparticles for Dielectric and Electronic Applications." Molecules 26, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 2942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102942.

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The synthesis of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) or hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) by tethering of polymer chains to the surface of nanoparticles is an important technique to obtain nanostructured hybrid materials that have been widely used in the formulation of advanced polymer nanocomposites. Ceramic-based polymer nanocomposites integrate key attributes of polymer and ceramic nanomaterial to improve the dielectric properties such as breakdown strength, energy density and dielectric loss. This review describes the “grafting from” and “grafting to” approaches commonly adopted to graft polymer chains on NPs pertaining to nano-dielectrics. The article also covers various surface initiated controlled radical polymerization techniques, along with templated approaches for grafting of polymer chains onto SiO2, TiO2, BaTiO3, and Al2O3 nanomaterials. As a look towards applications, an outlook on high-performance polymer nanocomposite capacitors for the design of high energy density pulsed power thin-film capacitors is also presented.

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Yang, Yu, Minhao Yang, Sumei Zhang, Xiang Lin, Zhi-Min Dang, and Dongrui Wang. "Photoinduced healing of polyolefin dielectrics enabled by surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 136, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 47158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.47158.

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Pelto, Jani, Tony Munter, Outi Härkki, and Juha Sarlin. "Surface Modification of Nanosilica for PP Composites." Materials Science Forum 714 (March 2012): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.714.91.

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Due to its high purity, favourable surface chemistry and huge specific surface area, fumed silica nanoparticlesare suitable inorganic nanoscopic templates for organic modification and nanocomposite studies. Polypropylene offers good properties with low or moderate cost for many technical applications, such as for solid dielectrics. Polypropylene and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles have inherently dissimilar surface chemistries and organic modification of the silica is usually needed to achieve good mixing and nanocomposite properties. Thetarget is to study robust grafting methods which can be up-scalable without complicated process steps. In thiswork nanosilica particleshave been modified by grafting to method using equimolar amounts of various chain lengths of vinyl functional polyisobutene (PIB) oligomers (molecular weights 320 g/mol, 920 g/mol and 2300 g/mol, determined by material supplier), further functionalized by epoxidation and subsequent reaction with organosilane.The glass transition temperature, viscoelastic properties and crystallization behaviour of the PP compositeswith PIB grafted silicas (4.5 wt% silica) were altered. Especially the PIB2300 grafted silica composite showed improved low temperature fracture toughness, significantly (14°C) lower glass transition measured by DMA and higher crystallization temperature compared to the pure polypropylene.

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Costa, Jefferson, Quaid Zaman, Karlo Q. da Costa, Victor Dmitriev, Omar Pandoli, Giselle Fontes, and Tommaso Del Rosso. "Limits of the Effective Medium Theory in Particle Amplified Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy Biosensors." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030584.

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The resonant wave modes in monomodal and multimodal planar Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors and their response to a bidimensional array of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, to investigate the parameters that rule the correct nanoparticle counting in the emerging metal nanoparticle-amplified surface plasmon resonance (PA-SPR) spectroscopy. With numerical simulations based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), we evaluate the error performed in the determination of the surface density of nanoparticles σ when the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory is used for fast data processing of the SPR reflectivity curves upon nanoparticle detection. The deviation increases directly with the manifestations of non-negligible scattering cross-section of the single nanoparticle, dipole-dipole interactions between adjacent AuNPs and dipolar interactions with the metal substrate. Near field simulations show clearly the set-up of dipolar interactions when the dielectric thickness is smaller than 10 nm and confirm that the anomalous dispersion usually observed experimentally is due to the failure of the effective medium theories. Using citrate stabilized AuNPs with a nominal diameter of about 15 nm, we demonstrate experimentally that Dielectric Loaded Waveguides (DLWGs) can be used as accurate nanocounters in the range of surface density between 20 and 200 NP/µm2, opening the way to the use of PA-SPR spectroscopy on systems mimicking the physiological cell membranes on SiO2 supports.

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Fu, Yu-Wei, Yong-Qi Zhang, Wei-Feng Sun, and Xuan Wang. "Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles to Improve Crosslinking Degree, Insulation Performance and Space Charge Characteristics of UV-initiated XLPE." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173794.

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In order to inhibit the outward-migrations of photo-initiator molecules in the ultraviolet-initiated crosslinking process and simultaneously improve the crosslinking degree and dielectric properties of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) materials, we have specifically developed surface-modified-SiO2/XLPE nanocomposites with the silica nanofillers that have been functionalized through chemical surface modifications. With the sulfur-containing silanes and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane (MPTMS), the functional monomers of auxiliary crosslinker triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) have been successfully grafted on the silica surface through thiol–ene click chemistry reactions. The grafted functional groups are verified by molecular characterizations of Fourier transform infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectra. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) indicates that the functionalized silica nanoparticles have been filled into polyethylene matrix with remarkably increased dispersivity compared with the neat silica nanoparticles. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the high efficient crosslinking reactions of polyethylene molecules are facilitated by the auxiliary crosslinkers that have been grafted onto the surfaces of silica nanofillers in polyethylene matrix. With the UV-initiated crosslinking technique, the crosslinking degree, insulation performance, and space charge characteristics of SiO2/XLPE nanocomposites are investigated in comparison with the XLPE material. Due to the combined effects of the high dispersion of nanofillers and the polar-groups of TAIC grafted on the surfaces of SiO2 nanofillers, the functionlized-SiO2/XLPE nanocomposite with an appropriate filling content represents the most preferable crosslinking degree with multiple improvements in the space charge characteristics and direct current dielectric breakdown strength. Simultaneously employing nanodielectric technology and functional-group surface modification, this study promises a modification strategy for developing XLPE nanocomposites with high mechanical and dielectric performances.

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Zhuo, Yue, Huan Hu, Weili Chen, Meng Lu, Limei Tian, Hojeong Yu, Kenneth D. Long, et al. "Single nanoparticle detection using photonic crystal enhanced microscopy." Analyst 139, no. 5 (2014): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3an02295a.

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Luo, Yi, Yadong Zhou, Shengli Zou, and Jing Zhao. "Dielectric domain distribution on Au nanoparticles revealed by localized surface plasmon resonance." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 44 (2018): 12038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc02944j.

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The LSPR of Au nanospheres shows almost no shift in the extinction spectrum with attachment of a silica domain but considerable shift with a uniform layer of silica, indicating LSPR can be used to differentiate the segregated/uniform dielectric distribution.

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Farooq, Umar, Farheen Naz, Ruby Phul, Nayeem Ahmad Pandit, Sapan Kumar Jain, and Tokeer Ahmad. "Development of Heterostructured Ferroelectric SrZrO3/CdS Photocatalysts with Enhanced Surface Area and Photocatalytic Activity." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17516.

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This paper reports the attempt to develop an efficient heterostructure photocatalyst by employing SrZrO3 as ferroelectric substrate with deposited nanostructured CdS semiconductor on the surface. Primarily bare SrZrO3 and CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by using polymeric citrate precursor and co-precipitation routes, respectively. The chemical deposition technique was used to develop the CdS over the surface of the pre-synthesized SrZrO3 nanoparticles. The synthesized bare nanoparticles and their heterostructure were characterized by XRD which shows the formation of orthorhombic and face centred cubic (FCC) phases of SrZrO3 and CdS, respectively. TEM was used to estimate the morphology and particle size of as-synthesized nanoparticles, which shows the average particle size of 14, 24 and 25 nm for SrZrO3, CdS and SrZrO3/CdS, respectively. The BET surface area of SrZrO3, CdS and SrZrO3/CdS samples was found to be 299, 304 and 312 m2/g respectively. Methylene blue was used as model pollutant to determine the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanomaterials. The heterostructure shows an enhanced activity as compared to bare nanoparticles. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the nanoparticles was investigated as a function of frequency at room temperature and as a function of temperature at 500 kHz. The room temperature dielectric constant for SrZrO3, CdS and SrZrO3/CdS was found to be 13.2, 17.8 and 25.5 respectively at 100 kHz.

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Ju, S., M. Chen, H. Zhang, and Z. Zhang. "Dielectric properties of nanosilica/low-density polyethylene composites: The surface chemistry of nanoparticles and deep traps induced by nanoparticles." Express Polymer Letters 8, no. 9 (2014): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.71.

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Rodrigues, Marco S., Joel Borges, Cláudia Lopes, Rui M. S. Pereira, Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy, and Filipe Vaz. "Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 5388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125388.

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This work presents a comprehensive review on gas sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, including the theory of LSPR, the synthesis of nanoparticle-embedded oxide thin films, and strategies to enhance the sensitivity of these optical sensors, supported by simulations of the electromagnetic properties. The LSPR phenomenon is known to be responsible for the unique colour effects observed in the ancient Roman Lycurgus Cup and at the windows of the medieval cathedrals. In both cases, the optical effects result from the interaction of the visible light (scattering and absorption) with the conduction band electrons of noble metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, and gold–silver alloys). These nanoparticles are dispersed in a dielectric matrix with a relatively high refractive index in order to push the resonance to the visible spectral range. At the same time, they have to be located at the surface to make LSPR sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment, the property that is very attractive for sensing applications. Hence, an overview of gas sensors is presented, including electronic-nose systems, followed by a description of the surface plasmons that arise in noble metal thin films and nanoparticles. Afterwards, metal oxides are explored as robust and sensitive materials to host nanoparticles, followed by preparation methods of nanocomposite plasmonic thin films with sustainable techniques. Finally, several optical properties simulation methods are described, and the optical LSPR sensitivity of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, sensing volumes, and surroundings is calculated using the discrete dipole approximation method.

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Kum-onsa, Pornsawan, Narong Chanlek, Jedsada Manyam, Prasit Thongbai, Viyada Harnchana, Nutthakritta Phromviyo, and Prinya Chindaprasirt. "Gold-Nanoparticle-Deposited TiO2 Nanorod/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Composites with Enhanced Dielectric Performance." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132064.

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Flexible dielectric polymer composites have been of great interest as embedded capacitor materials in the electronic industry. However, a polymer composite has a low relative dielectric permittivity (ε′ < 100), while its dielectric loss tangent is generally large (tanδ > 0.1). In this study, we fabricate a novel, high-permittivity polymer nanocomposite system with a low tanδ. The nanocomposite system comprises poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) co-filled with Au nanoparticles and semiconducting TiO2 nanorods (TNRs) that contain Ti3+ ions. To homogeneously disperse the conductive Au phase, the TNR surface was decorated with Au-NPs ~10–20 nm in size (Au-TNRs) using a modified Turkevich method. The polar β-PVDF phase was enhanced by the incorporation of the Au nanoparticles, partially contributing to the enhanced ε′ value. The introduction of the Au-TNRs in the PVDF matrix provided three-phase Au-TNR/PVDF nanocomposites with excellent dielectric properties (i.e., high ε′ ≈ 157 and low tanδ ≈ 0.05 at 1.8 vol% of Au and 47.4 vol% of TNRs). The ε′ of the three-phase Au-TNR/PVDF composite is ~2.4-times higher than that of the two-phase TNR/PVDF composite, clearly highlighting the primary contribution of the Au nanoparticles at similar filler loadings. The volume fraction dependence of ε′ is in close agreement with the effective medium percolation theory model. The significant enhancement in ε′ was primarily caused by interfacial polarization at the PVDF–conducting Au nanoparticle and PVDF–semiconducting TNR interfaces, as well as by the induced β-PVDF phase. A low tanδ was achieved due to the inhibited conducting pathway formed by direct Au nanoparticle contact.

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Vodnik, Vesna V., Dušan K. Božanić, Nataša Bibić, Zoran V. Šaponjić, and Jovan M. Nedeljković. "Optical Properties of Shaped Silver Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 3511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.144.

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The influence of shape and dielectric property of surrounding media on surface plasmon absorption band of silver nanoparticles was studied. Spherical silver nanoparticles (d = 5.6 nm) synthesized in water using NaBH4 as a reducing agent are transferred in non-polar solvent (chloroform) with phase-transfer reagent oleylamine. The absorption spectrum of oleylamine-capped silver nanoparticles dispersed in chloroform shows a strong surface plasmon resonance band that is 19 nm red-shifted compared to unmodified particles in water. The values for peak position and corresponding half widths are compared with theoretical calculations based on Mie theory. Prismatic and plate-like silver nanoparticles were synthesized in water using trisodium citrate as a reducing agent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as stabilizer. Due to structural anisotropy of prismatic and plate-like silver nanoparticles three surface plasmon resonance bands were observed in absorption spectrum. Nanocomposites consisting of non-spherical silver nanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol exhibit different optical properties compared to water colloid. Instead of three surface plasmon bands, nanocomposite film has only one peak at 460 nm. Reason for appearance of single surface plasmon resonance band in nanocomposite film was discussed according to Maxwell-Garnet theory.

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Liu, Xuezhang, Hangyu Long, Shenghua Hu, and Kui Wen. "Photocatalytic TiO2 Nanoparticles Activated by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Assisted Ball Milling." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17155.

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Developing defects on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles by mechanical treatment is a fascinating approach to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. However, it poses risks to producing bulk defects and phase transformation, which seriously deteriorates photocatalytic performance. Here, activating TiO2 nanoparticles was elaborately fulfilled by using dielectric barrier discharge plasma assisted ball milling (DBDP-milling) as it imposes plasma to nano-scaled particles along with soft mechanical impact. The evolution of surface properties of TiO2 nanoparticles with DBDP-milling durations was inspected using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), while the morphology and structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that DBDP-milling developed a considerable number of oxygen vacancies in TiO2 nanoparticles as well as bulk defects free. These TiO2 nanoparticles formed agglomerates with BET surface area of 37.40 m2/g and exhibited enhanced photocatalytic efficiency.

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Jung, Jaeyeon, Kyunga Na, Jonghwan Lee, Ki-Woo Kim, and Jinho Hyun. "Enhanced surface plasmon resonance by Au nanoparticles immobilized on a dielectric SiO2 layer on a gold surface." Analytica Chimica Acta 651, no. 1 (September 2009): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.057.

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Vukoje, Ivana, Dusan Bozanic, Jasna Dzunuzovic, Una Bogdanovic, and Vesna Vodnik. "Surface plasmon resonance of Ag organosols: Experimental and theoretical investigations." Chemical Industry 66, no. 6 (2012): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120112028v.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate and compare the changes in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver (Ag) hydrosol and organosols obtained by experimental and theoretical approaches. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of 5 ? 1.5 nm in diameter were prepared in water by reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride. Nanoparticles were subsequently transferred into different organic solvents (chloroform, hexane, toluene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene) using oleylamine as a transfer agent. These solvents were chosen because of the differences in their refractive indices. Using UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we confirmed that there were no shape and size changes of the nanoparticles upon the transfer to the organic phase. The absorption spectra of the obtained Ag organosols showed only changes in the position of SPR band depending on dielectric property of the used solvent. To analyze these changes, absorption spectra were modelled using Mie theory for small spherical particles. The experimental and theoretical resonance values were compared with those predicted by Drude model and its limitations in the analysis of absorption behavior of Ag NPs in organic solvents were briefly discussed.

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Lone, Irfan H., Abul Kalam, Jahangeer Ahmed, Norah Alhokbany, Saad M. Alshehri, and Tokeer Ahmad. "Quenching Assisted Reverse Micellar Synthesis and Electrical Properties of High Surface Area BiFeO3 Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17527.

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Multiferroic compounds are prime important materials for future electronic and magnetic devices and overcome the fundamental limits of conventional materials. In present work, we reported the preparation of purely one phase of nano-sized BiFeO3 compound by microemulsion micellar method for the first time by employing rapid quenching of sample at 500 °C, that is the main driving force to get the pure phase of BiFeO3 nanoparticles at low temperature method. The nanoparticles that we obtained were almost uniform with sphere shaped and these prepare nanoparticles possess high surface. The increase in permittivity in the form of dielectric constants were reported that depends on temperature and frequency that supports the ferroelectric nature and was further confirmed by the ferroelectric loops even at the room temperature has been found in theses prepared nanoparticles.

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Barreda, Ángela, Pablo Albella, Fernando Moreno, and Francisco González. "Broadband Unidirectional Forward Scattering with High Refractive Index Nanostructures: Application in Solar Cells." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 4421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154421.

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High refractive index dielectric (HRID) nanoparticles are a clear alternative to metals in nanophotonic applications due to their low losses and directional scattering properties. It has been demonstrated that HRID dimers are more efficient scattering units than single nanoparticles in redirecting the incident radiation towards the forward direction. This effect was recently reported and is known as the “near zero-backward” scattering condition, attained when nanoparticles forming dimers strongly interact with each other. Here, we analyzed the electromagnetic response of HRID isolated nanoparticles and aggregates when deposited on monolayer and graded-index multilayer dielectric substrates. In particular, we studied the fraction of radiation that is scattered towards a substrate with known optical properties when the nanoparticles are located on its surface. We demonstrated that HRID dimers can increase the radiation emitted towards the substrate compared to that of isolated nanoparticles. However, this effect was only present for low values of the substrate refractive index. With the aim of observing the same effect for silicon substrates, we show that it is necessary to use a multilayer antireflection coating. We conclude that dimers of HRID nanoparticles on a graded-index multilayer substrate can increase the radiation scattered into a silicon photovoltaic wafer. The results in this work can be applied to the design of novel solar cells.

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Yan, Hu, Toshihiko Jo, and Hidenori Okuzaki. "Synthesis and electrophoretic deposition of high-dielectric-constant SrTiO3 nanoparticles." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 346, no. 1-3 (August 2009): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.05.030.

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Adak, Biplab, Ipsita Chinya, and Shrabanee Sen. "Enhanced dielectric and energy storage performance of surface treated gallium ferrite/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites." RSC Advances 6, no. 107 (2016): 105137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22939e.

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The ceramic–polymer nanocomposites composed of gallium ferrite (GFO) nanoparticles and employing sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) as surfactant and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as matrix have been fabricated by solvent casting followed by hot-press technique.

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Tuichai, Wattana, Pornsawan Kum-onsa, Supamas Danwittayakul, Jedsada Manyam, Viyada Harnchana, Prasit Thongbai, Nutthakritta Phromviyo, and Prinya Chindaprasirt. "Significantly Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Ag-Deposited (In1/2Nb1/2)0.1Ti0.9O2/PVDF Polymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111788.

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The enhanced dielectric permittivity (ε′) while retaining a low loss tangent (tanδ) in silver nanoparticle−(In1/2Nb1/2)0.1Ti0.9O2/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (Ag-INTO/PVDF) composites with different volume fractions of a filler (fAg-INTO) was investigated. The hybrid particles were fabricated by coating Ag nanoparticles onto the surface of INTO particles, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The ε′ of the Ag−INTO/PVDF composites could be significantly enhanced to ~86 at 1 kHz with a low tanδ of ~0.044. The enhanced ε′ value was approximately >8-fold higher than that of the pure PVDF polymer for the composite with fAg-INTO = 0.5. Furthermore, ε′ was nearly independent of frequency in the range of 102–106 Hz. Therefore, filling Ag−INTO hybrid particles into a PVDF matrix is an effective way to increase ε′ while retaining a low tanδ of polymer composites. The effective medium percolation theory model can be used to fit the experimental ε′ values with various fAg-INTO values. The greatly increased ε′ primarily originated from interfacial polarization at the conducting Ag nanoparticle–PVDF and Ag–INTO interfaces, and it was partially contributed by the high ε′ of INTO particles. A low tanδ was obtained because the formation of the conducting network in the polymer was inhibited by preventing the direct contact of Ag nanoparticles.

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Venkatachalam, Archana, Joseph Prince Jesuraj, and kalainathan Sivaperuman. "Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanostructured Alkaline Earth Oxide (MgO) and Its Physicochemical Properties." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (June 23, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4301504.

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The magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared from Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Phytochemicals are derived from plant extract which are served as stabilizing and capping agents. This green route has been attracted owing to speed, reliable, and eco-friendly and cost-effective one. The synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles were taken into three different calcination temperatures (500, 600, and 700°C). The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) study shows a pure phase of face-centered cubic structure. Periclase MgO nanoparticles were prepared. The optical band gap of MgO nanoparticles is 4.5 eV, and its absorption in the UV region was observed by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Photoluminescence spectra have exhibited multicolor emissions were being at UV and visible region due to defect centers (F centers) of MgO nanoparticles. EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectrum) has given the stoichiometric ratio of Mg and O. The functional groups have been studied by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology transformation has been identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, and VSM measurements have given the information of diamagnetic nature of MgO nanoparticles. H-R TEM micrographs have confirmed that particles were in nanorange matched with XRD report. Polycrystalline nature has been observed pattern information. TG-DSC characterization revealed phase transition and weight loss information. D-band and G-band of MgO nanoparticles are studied by micro-Raman analysis. Dielectric analysis has proven that MgO nanoparticles will be a promising candidate for linear dielectric ceramics, thermistor. The present resent studies have revealed that MgO powder will be an economical and promising candidate in superconductor, optoelectronic device, and energy storage applications.

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Nachaithong, Theeranuch, Narong Chanlek, Pairot Moontragoon, and Prasit Thongbai. "The Primary Origin of Excellent Dielectric Properties of (Co, Nb) Co-Doped TiO2 Ceramics: Electron-Pinned Defect Dipoles vs. Internal Barrier Layer Capacitor Effect." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113230.

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(Co, Nb) co-doped rutile TiO2 (CoNTO) nanoparticles with low dopant concentrations were prepared using a wet chemistry method. A pure rutile TiO2 phase with a dense microstructure and homogeneous dispersion of the dopants was obtained. By co-doping rutile TiO2 with 0.5 at.% (Co, Nb), a very high dielectric permittivity of ε′ ≈ 36,105 and a low loss tangent of tanδ ≈ 0.04 were achieved. The sample–electrode contact and resistive outer-surface layer (surface barrier layer capacitor) have a significant impact on the dielectric response in the CoNTO ceramics. The density functional theory calculation shows that the 2Co atoms are located near the oxygen vacancy, creating a triangle-shaped 2CoVoTi complex defect. On the other hand, the substitution of TiO2 with Nb atoms can form a diamond-shaped 2Nb2Ti complex defect. These two types of complex defects are far away from each other. Therefore, the electron-pinned defect dipoles cannot be considered the primary origins of the dielectric response in the CoNTO ceramics. Impedance spectroscopy shows that the CoNTO ceramics are electrically heterogeneous, comprised of insulating and semiconducting regions. Thus, the dielectric properties of the CoNTO ceramics are attributed to the interfacial polarization at the internal insulating layers with very high resistivity, giving rise to a low loss tangent.

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Hanrahan, Michael P., Yunhua Chen, Rafael Blome-Fernández, Jennifer L. Stein, Gregory F. Pach, Marquix A. S. Adamson, Nathan R. Neale, Brandi M. Cossairt, Javier Vela, and Aaron J. Rossini. "Probing the Surface Structure of Semiconductor Nanoparticles by DNP SENS with Dielectric Support Materials." Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, no. 39 (August 28, 2019): 15532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b05509.

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Sih, Bryan C., and Michael O. Wolf. "Dielectric Medium Effects on Collective Surface Plasmon Coupling Interactions in Oligothiophene-Linked Gold Nanoparticles." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, no. 45 (November 2006): 22298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp065213a.

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Lemineur, Jean-François, Jean-Marc Noël, Alexa Courty, Dominique Ausserré, Catherine Combellas, and Frédéric Kanoufi. "In Situ Optical Monitoring of the Electrochemical Conversion of Dielectric Nanoparticles: From Multistep Charge Injection to Nanoparticle Motion." Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, no. 17 (March 30, 2020): 7937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c02071.

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Zhang, Tong, Bao-Jun Han, Juan Yu, Xiao-Dong Wang, and Pei Huang. "Enhancement of dielectric constant of polyimide by doping with modified silicon dioxide@titanium carbide nanoparticles." RSC Advances 8, no. 30 (2018): 16696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01989d.

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PI/SiO₂@TiC composites with enhanced dielectric constant are synthesized by hydrolysis of TEOS into microspheres forming a thin SiO₂layer on the TiC surface followed by mechanical blending of ODA and PMDA.

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Petukhova, Alla, Andrew S. Paton, Ilya Gourevich, Selvakumar V. Nair, Harry E. Ruda, Alexander Shik, and Eugenia Kumacheva. "Hybrid microspheres with alternating layers of a polymer and metal nanoparticles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 3 (March 2010): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-172.

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We studied the optical properties of hybrid multilayer microspheres (HMMs). We prepared multilayer particles with alternating radial layers of gold nanoparticles (NPs) and poly(methyl methacrylate) and achieved control over particle size, the thickness of particle layers, and the surface coverage of gold NPs. We showed the ability to tune the spectral characteristics of the HMMs, which was based on frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant of polymer–metal NP structures. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical extinction properties of the HMMs was obtained. In comparison with multilayer structures synthesized solely from polymers, hybrid multilayer microspheres have a larger refractive layer contrast between adjacent layers, which is important for practical applications in optoelectronic devices.

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Omar, Hassan, Glen J. Smales, Sven Henning, Zhi Li, De-Yi Wang, Andreas Schönhals, and Paulina Szymoniak. "Calorimetric and Dielectric Investigations of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites with Halloysite Nanotubes as Nanofillers." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101634.

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Epoxy nanocomposites are promising materials for industrial applications (i.e., aerospace, marine and automotive industry) due to their extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. Here, the effect of hollow halloysite nanotubes (HNT) on an epoxy matrix (Ep) was the focus of the study. The structure and molecular mobility of the nanocomposites were investigated using a combination of X-ray scattering, calorimetry (differential (DSC) and fast scanning calorimetry (FSC)) and dielectric spectroscopy. Additionally, the effect of surface modification of HNT (polydopamine (PDA) and Fe(OH)3 nanodots) was considered. For Ep/HNT, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased due to a nanoparticle-related decrease of the crosslinking density. For the modified system, Ep/m-HNT, the surface modification resulted in enhanced filler–matrix interactions leading to higher Tg values than the pure epoxy in some cases. For Ep/m-HNT, the amount of interface formed between the nanoparticles and the matrix ranged from 5% to 15%. Through BDS measurements, localized fluctuations were detected as a β- and γ-relaxation, related to rotational fluctuations of phenyl rings and local reorientations of unreacted components. A combination of calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy revealed a dynamic and structural heterogeneity of the matrix, as confirmed by two glassy dynamics in both systems, related to regions with different crosslinking densities.

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HE, Xi, Tong-Dan TANG, Jun YI, Bi-Ju LIU, Fang-Fang WANG, Bin REN, and Jian-Zhang ZHOU. "Spherical Au@Ag Nanoparticles for Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Scanning Probes: Synthesis and Dielectric Sensitivity." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 31, no. 8 (2015): 1575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb201506041.

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Margueritat, J., J. Gonzalo, C. N. Afonso, U. Hörmann, G. Van Tendeloo, A. Mlayah, D. B. Murray, et al. "Surface enhanced Raman scattering of silver sensitized cobalt nanoparticles in metal–dielectric nanocomposites." Nanotechnology 19, no. 37 (August 1, 2008): 375701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/37/375701.

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Wang, Botong, Zebo Xu, and Zhiqiang Wang. "Silica/Polyurea Composite: Preparation, Characterization and Study of Dielectric Constant." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 7234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5989.

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Silica/polyurea composite was prepared after surface modification of silica nanoparticles. Silica/polyurea composite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the helical polyurea has been successfully grafted onto the surfaces of the modified silica. Silica/polyurea composite exhibits clearly core–shell structure. The ultraviolet absorption and crystallizability of silica/polyurea are changed due to the shell of helical polyurea, which possesses regular singlehanded conformation and interchain hydrogen bonds. The dielectric constant of silica/polyurea was also investigated. The result indicates that the interfacial interactions between organic shell and inorganic core increase the dielectric constant value being increased to 6.42 for silica/polyurea. The interchain hydrogen bonds of helical polyurea could also be the reason for the increasing of dielectric constant.

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Burns, Seamus E., Paul Cain, John Mills, Jizheng Wang, and Henning Sirringhaus. "Inkjet Printing of Polymer Thin-Film Transistor Circuits." MRS Bulletin 28, no. 11 (November 2003): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2003.232.

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AbstractWe present a process for manufacturing printable thin-film transistors (TFTs) that is based on solution processing and direct inkjet printing of polymer semiconductors, dielectrics, and conductors, as well as inorganic nanoparticle conductors. We show that the high device yield, uniformity, and resolution required for thin-film electronic applications can be achieved by using a substrate that contains a surface energy pattern to control the flow and spreading of inkjet droplets. This technique overcomes many of the limitations of current inkjet printing technology related to its limited droplet placement accuracy. We demonstrate the potential of this printing-based TFT manufacturing process with the fabrication of 50 dpi active-matrix, polymer dispersed liquid-crystal and Gyricon Smartpaper electronic paper displays.

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de Nijs, Bart, Richard W. Bowman, Lars O. Herrmann, Felix Benz, Steve J. Barrow, Jan Mertens, Daniel O. Sigle, et al. "Unfolding the contents of sub-nm plasmonic gaps using normalising plasmon resonance spectroscopy." Faraday Discussions 178 (2015): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00195h.

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Plasmonic coupling of gold nanoparticles to a gold surface creates intense plasmonic hot spots with large electromagnetic field-enhancements within the cavity formed by the two metallic surfaces. The localised field in such structures is extremely sensitive to morphological fluctuations and subtle changes in the dielectric properties of the cavity contents. Here, we present an optical method that pins down the properties of the gap contents with high sensitivity, termed normalising plasmon resonance (NPR) spectroscopy. We use this on a variety of ultrathin molecular spacers such as filled and empty cucurbiturils, and graphene. Clear differences in the spectral positions and intensities of plasmonic modes observed in the scattering spectrum resolve thickness differences of 0.1 nm, and refractive index changes from molecular filling.

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Li, Xinheng, Kaoru Tamada, Akira Baba, Wolfgang Knoll, and Masahiko Hara. "Estimation of Dielectric Function of Biotin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles via Signal Enhancement on Surface Plasmon Resonance." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, no. 32 (August 2006): 15755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp062004h.

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Hoseini, M., G. Dini, and M. Bahadori. "Dielectric strength and mechanical properties of epoxy resin filled with self-propagating high-temperature synthesized Al2O3/SiC nanoparticles." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 17 (December 10, 2019): 2231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319891202.

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In this study, the rice husk as a source of silica was used to synthesize the Al2O3/SiC composite via the self-propagation high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process. Then, the particle size of the synthesized product was reduced to the nanoscale using a planetary ball mill. Finally, different amounts (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) of Al2O3/SiC nanoparticles were incorporated into an epoxy resin in order to improve the mechanical properties and the dielectric strength of fabricated epoxy-based composites. The results indicated that the Al2O3/SiC composite was successfully synthesized by the SHS process from a mixture of the rice husk ash, Al, and carbon black powders as starting materials. The average size of the synthesized Al2O3/SiC particles decreased to 80 nm after 12-h ball milling. Also, the mechanical properties of the fabricated epoxy-based composite samples were improved with the addition of Al2O3/SiC nanoparticles in the investigated range in comparison with the pure epoxy sample. Additionally, the overall dielectric strength of the fabricated epoxy-based composites containing 5–15 wt.% of Al2O3/SiC nanoparticles was higher than that of the pure epoxy. These results were interpreted in terms of the synthesis mechanism of Al2O3/SiC composite via the SHS process, the rice husk ash structure, the interfacial bonding between the polymer chains and the surface of nanoparticles, and the insulation nature of the synthesized nanoparticles.

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Suman, Surjeet Chahal, Ashok Kumar, and Parmod Kumar. "Zn Doped α-Fe2O3: An Efficient Material for UV Driven Photocatalysis and Electrical Conductivity." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040273.

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Zinc (Zn) doped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with varying concentrations (pure, 2%, 4% and 6%) were synthesized via sol-gel method. The influence of divalent Zn ions on structural, optical and dielectric behavior of hematite were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of synthesized samples were indexed to rhombohedral R3c space group of hematite with 14–21 nm crystallite size. The lattice parameter (a and c) values increase upto Zn 4% and decrease afterwards. The surface morphology of prepared nanoparticles were explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The band gap measured from Tauc’s plot, using UV-Vis spectroscopy, showed reduction in its values upto Zn 4% and the reverse trend was obtained in higher concentrations. The dielectric properties of pure and Zn doped hematite were investigated at room temperature and followed the same trends as that of XRD parameters and band gap. Photocatalytic properties of nanoparticles were performed for hazardous Rose bengal dye and showed effective degradation in the presence of UV light. Hence, Zn2+ doped hematite can be considered as an efficient material for the potential applications in the domain of photocatalysis and also higher value of dielectric constant at room temperature makes them applicable in high energy storage devices.

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Yin, He, Min Wang, Tzuyang Yu, Loon-Seng Tan, and Long Chiang. "3D-Conformer of Tris[60]fullerenylated cis-Tris(diphenylamino-fluorene) as Photoswitchable Charge-Polarizer on GHz-Responsive Trilayered Core-Shell Dielectric Nanoparticles." Molecules 23, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081873.

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Novel 3D-configurated stereoisomers cis-cup-tris[C60>(DPAF-C9)] and trans-chair-tris[C60>(DPAF-C9)] were designed and synthesized in good yields. The former, with three C60> cages per molecule facing at the same side of the geometrical molecular cup-shape, was proposed to provide excellent binding interaction forces at the gold surface of core-shell γ-FeOx@AuNP nanoparticles and to direct the subsequent formation of a fullerene cage array (defined as fullerosome). Upon photoactivation of the Au-layer and cis-cup-tris[C60>(DPAF-C9)] itself, the degree of photoinduced intramolecular e−-transfer from DPAF to a C60> moiety was found to be largely enhanced by the accumulated plasmonic resonance energy at the near-field surface. Distribution of resulting negative charges along the outer (C60>)-derived fullerosome shell layer of the trilayered NPs was correlated with the detected photoswitchable dielectric amplification phenomena using white LED light at 1.0 GHz.

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Rentería, V. M., and J. García–Macedo. "Influence of the local dielectric constant on modeling the optical absorption of silver nanoparticles in silica gels." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 278, no. 1-3 (April 2006): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.11.069.

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Zhao, Jianqing, Yi Fu, and Shumei Liu. "Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS)-Modified Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Nanocomposites: A Review." Polymers and Polymer Composites 16, no. 8 (October 2008): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110801600802.

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Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles have been successfully incorporated into thermoplastic and thermoset polymers via copolymerization, grafting, blending, surface bonding, or other transformations. A great promise in the development of a wide range of POSS-containing nanocomposites with diversely improved properties has been displayed. Thermal properties, viscoelastic properties, mechanical strengths, dielectric constants, surface hydrophobicity and flame-retardancy of the nanocomposites are easily varied to target properties by adjusting POSS structure, crosslink density, processing condition, etc. Investigations on the effects of POSS molecular geometry, composition, and concentration on physical and mechanical properties of resultant POSS-modified thermoplastic and thermosetting nanocomposites have been carefully reviewed in this article.

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Shorstkii, Ivan, and Maxim Sosnin. "Microwave Absorption Properties of Fe3O4 Particles Coated with Al via Rotating Magnetic Field Method." Coatings 11, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060621.

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Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) of Fe3O4 particles coated with Al nanoparticles were prepared using the rotating magnetic field method, and the microwave absorption properties and microstructures of these composites were investigated. The results show that a well-distributed Al nanoparticles coating layer was formed on the surface of the Fe3O4 particles upon mechanical friction and rotating magnetic field distribution. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction XRD studies show that the rotating magnetic field method can produce a uniform coating of the aluminium layer on the Fe3O4 particles. Compared with common composites from Fe3O4 particles, SMCs of Fe3O4(Al) particles have stronger magnetic loss behaviour and weaker dielectric loss ability, as well as good reflection characteristics over a wide frequency range. The minimum reflection loss (RL) is −16.2 dB at 12.0 GHz for a corresponding thickness of 5 mm obtained for SMCs of Fe3O4(Al) particles. The presented rotating magnetic field method used in the Fe3O4 particles coating process with Al nanoparticles has great potential in composite materials synthesis with different morphology and areas of application.

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Kamezawa, Nao, Daisuke Nagao, Haruyuki Ishii, and Mikio Konno. "Transparent, highly dielectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite film homogeneously incorporating BaTiO3 nanoparticles with fluoroalkylsilane surface modifier." European Polymer Journal 66 (May 2015): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.021.

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Lermé, Jean. "Size Evolution of the Surface Plasmon Resonance Damping in Silver Nanoparticles: Confinement and Dielectric Effects." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115, no. 29 (June 30, 2011): 14098–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp203481m.

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Chaffin, Elise Anne, Saheel Bhana, Ryan Timothy O’Connor, Xiaohua Huang, and Yongmei Wang. "Impact of Core Dielectric Properties on the Localized Surface Plasmonic Spectra of Gold-Coated Magnetic Core–Shell Nanoparticles." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 118, no. 49 (July 18, 2014): 14076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp505202k.

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Krkljes, Aleksandra, Miodrag Mitric, and Zorica Kacarevic-Popovic. "Radiolytic synthesis and characterization of PVA/Au nanocomposites: The influence of pH values." Chemical Industry 62, no. 3 (2008): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0803101k.

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Nanocomposites which consist of polymer matrix and nanoparticles of noble metal are a very important class of nanomaterials. The optical properties of these materials are strongly dependent on the nanoparticles size as well as on the synthesized procedure of nanocomposites preparation. In this work the Au nanoparticles were synthesized by the simple radiolytic procedure, using steady state gamma irradiation, under different pH values. PVA/Au nanocomposite films were obtained by solvent evaporation from Au colloids. UV-Vis absorption spectra of Au colloids show absorption in the range of 450 to 650 nm with the maximum around 520 nm, which is the typical plasmon band of Au nanoparticles. Absorption spectra of PVA/Au nanocomposites are red shifted compared to corresponding primary Au colloids. This red shift is not result of any change in particle size distribution and can be explained by the change of dielectric property of surrounding medium. IR spectra indicated anchoring the OH groups of PVA molecule at the cluster surface. This effect limits the growing of the metal clusters and confirmed that the PVA is a god matrix for in situ synthesis of Au nanoparticles. The size of Au nanoparticles is dependent on the experimental conditions. Obtained results indicated that the pH value of solution played an important role. The values of absorption maximum (?max) were not dependent on the concentration of Au cations, but show strong dependence on the pH value of the initial solution. The increase of pH value reduced the mean diameters of nanoparticles. The lowest value of ?max was obtained for colloid with pH 7, which theoretically corresponds to the nanoparticles with minimum dimension. These results are in agreement with the XRD measurement of PVA/Au nanocomposite films and theoretical calculations. According to obtained results of radiolytic synthesis of Au nanoparticles in PVA solution can be conclude that it is possible to control the particle size by tuning the pH value of solution.

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Alonso, Manuel, and Francisco José Alguacil. "Filtration of Unipolarly Charged Aerosol Nanoparticles with an Initially Discharged Dielectric Screen." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 216, no. 1 (August 1999): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1999.6277.

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Golden, Mary S., Andrew C. Bjonnes, and Rosina M. Georgiadis. "Distance- and Wavelength-Dependent Dielectric Function of Au Nanoparticles by Angle-Resolved Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 19 (April 27, 2010): 8837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp101850d.

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Wang, Jiao, Shaohui Liu, Jingyi Wang, Haoshan Hao, Limin Zhao, and Jiwei Zhai. "Improving dielectric properties and energy storage performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite by surface-modified SrTiO3 nanoparticles." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 726 (December 2017): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.341.

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Tang, Hailong, Zhen Ma, Jiachun Zhong, Jian Yang, Rui Zhao, and Xiaobo Liu. "Effect of surface modification on the dielectric properties of PEN nanocomposites based on double-layer core/shell-structured BaTiO3 nanoparticles." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 384, no. 1-3 (July 2011): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.04.007.

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Ahmad, Jamshed, Muhammad Khalid, Ghulam Mustafa, Abeer A. AlObaid, Tahani I. Al-Muhimeed, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar, Arif Akhtar Azam, Ghazanfar Nazir, and Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh. "A facile strategy for the preparation of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles: Influence of calcination temperature on structural, dielectric, and morphological characteristics." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 628 (November 2021): 127328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127328.

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Ioannidis, Thanos, Tatjana Gric, and Edik Rafailov. "The Study of the Surface Plasmon Polaritons at the Interface Separating Nanocomposite and Hypercrystal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 5255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115255.

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Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating at the interfaces of composite media possess a number of fascinating properties not emerging in case of conventional SPPs, i.e., at metal-dielectric boundaries. We propose here a helpful algorithm giving rise for investigation of basic features of complex conductivity dependent SPPs at the interface separating nanocomposite and hypercrystal. The main goal of the work is to investigate dispersion of the SPPs propagating at the boundary separating two different media. Aiming to achieve the aforementioned goal that the effective Maxwell Garnett model is used. It is demonstrated that the SPPs dispersive properties are dramatically affected by the material conductivity. Correspondingly, the filling ratio of the nanoparticles in the composite and their dielectric properties also allow one to engineer characteristics of the SPPs. Having a deep insight into the conductivity dependent functions, we concluded, on their behavior for the case of hyperbolic regime and Dyakonov surface waves case. Our model gives rise for studying features of surface waves in the complex conductivity plane and provides more options to tune the fundamental features of SPPs at the boundaries correlated with composite media.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface chemistry. Nanoparticles. Dielectrics'

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