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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface cloud radiative effect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kalisch, J., and A. Macke. "Radiative budget and cloud radiative effect over the Atlantic from ship based observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 2 (2012): 2011–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-2011-2012.

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Abstract. The aim of this study is to determine cloud-type resolved cloud radiative budgets and cloud radiative effects from surface measurements of broadband radiative fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, based on simultaneous observations of the state of the cloudy atmosphere a radiative closure study has been performed by means of the ECHAM5 single column model in order to identify the models ability to realistically reproduce the effects of clouds on the climate system. An extensive data base of radiative and atmospheric measurements has been established along five meridional cruis

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2

Kalisch, J., and A. Macke. "Radiative budget and cloud radiative effect over the Atlantic from ship-based observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 10 (2012): 2391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2391-2012.

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Abstract. The aim of this study is to determine cloud-type resolved cloud radiative budgets and cloud radiative effects from surface measurements of broadband radiative fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, based on simultaneous observations of the state of the cloudy atmosphere, a radiative closure study has been performed by means of the ECHAM5 single column model in order to identify the model's ability to realistically reproduce the effects of clouds on the climate system. An extensive database of radiative and atmospheric measurements has been established along five meridional crui

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3

Lacour, A., H. Chepfer, N. B. Miller, et al. "How Well Are Clouds Simulated over Greenland in Climate Models? Consequences for the Surface Cloud Radiative Effect over the Ice Sheet." Journal of Climate 31, no. 22 (2018): 9293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0023.1.

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Using lidar and radiative flux observations from space and ground, and a lidar simulator, we evaluate clouds simulated by climate models over the Greenland ice sheet, including predicted cloud cover, cloud fraction profile, cloud opacity, and surface cloud radiative effects. The representation of clouds over Greenland is a central concern for the models because clouds impact ice sheet surface melt. We find that over Greenland, most of the models have insufficient cloud cover during summer. In addition, all models create too few nonopaque, liquid-containing clouds optically thin enough to let d

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Alkama, Ramdane, Patrick C. Taylor, Lorea Garcia-San Martin, et al. "Clouds damp the radiative impacts of polar sea ice loss." Cryosphere 14, no. 8 (2020): 2673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2673-2020.

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Abstract. Clouds play an important role in the climate system: (1) cooling Earth by reflecting incoming sunlight to space and (2) warming Earth by reducing thermal energy loss to space. Cloud radiative effects are especially important in polar regions and have the potential to significantly alter the impact of sea ice decline on the surface radiation budget. Using CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) data and 32 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) climate models, we quantify the influence of polar clouds on the radiative impact of polar sea ice variability. Our result

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Stapf, Johannes, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Christof Lüpkes, and Manfred Wendisch. "Reassessment of shortwave surface cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic: consideration of surface-albedo–cloud interactions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 16 (2020): 9895–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9895-2020.

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Abstract. The concept of cloud radiative forcing (CRF) is commonly applied to quantify the impact of clouds on the surface radiative energy budget (REB). In the Arctic, specific radiative interactions between microphysical and macrophysical properties of clouds and the surface strongly modify the warming or cooling effect of clouds, complicating the estimate of CRF obtained from observations or models. Clouds tend to increase the broadband surface albedo over snow or sea ice surfaces compared to cloud-free conditions. However, this effect is not adequately considered in the derivation of CRF i

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de Szoeke, Simon P., Sandra Yuter, David Mechem, Chris W. Fairall, Casey D. Burleyson, and Paquita Zuidema. "Observations of Stratocumulus Clouds and Their Effect on the Eastern Pacific Surface Heat Budget along 20°S." Journal of Climate 25, no. 24 (2012): 8542–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00618.1.

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Abstract Widespread stratocumulus clouds were observed on nine transects from seven research cruises to the southeastern tropical Pacific Ocean along 20°S, 75°–85°W in October–November of 2001–08. The nine transects sample a unique combination of synoptic and interannual variability affecting the clouds; their ensemble diagnoses longitude–vertical sections of the atmosphere, diurnal cycles of cloud properties and drizzle statistics, and the effect of stratocumulus clouds on surface radiation. Mean cloud fraction was 0.88, and 67% of 10-min overhead cloud fraction observations were overcast. Cl

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Byrne, Michael P., and Laure Zanna. "Radiative Effects of Clouds and Water Vapor on an Axisymmetric Monsoon." Journal of Climate 33, no. 20 (2020): 8789–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0974.1.

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AbstractMonsoons are summertime circulations shaping climates and societies across the tropics and subtropics. Here the radiative effects controlling an axisymmetric monsoon and its response to climate change are investigated using aquaplanet simulations. The influences of clouds, water vapor, and CO2 on the axisymmetric monsoon are decomposed using the radiation-locking technique. Seasonal variations in clouds and water vapor strongly modulate the axisymmetric monsoon, reducing net precipitation by approximately half. Warming and moistening of the axisymmetric monsoon by seasonal longwave clo

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Becker, Sebastian, André Ehrlich, Michael Schäfer, and Manfred Wendisch. "Airborne observations of the surface cloud radiative effect during different seasons over sea ice and open ocean in the Fram Strait." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 12 (2023): 7015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7015-2023.

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Abstract. This study analyses the cloud radiative effect (CRE) obtained from near-surface observations of three airborne campaigns in the Arctic north-west of Svalbard: Airborne measurements of radiative and turbulent FLUXes of energy and momentum in the Arctic boundary layer (AFLUX, March/April 2019), Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD, May/June 2017), and Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate – Airborne observations in the Central Arctic (MOSAiC-ACA, August/September 2020). The surface CRE quantifies the potential o

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9

Harrop, Bryce E., and Dennis L. Hartmann. "The Relationship between Atmospheric Convective Radiative Effect and Net Energy Transport in the Tropical Warm Pool." Journal of Climate 28, no. 21 (2015): 8620–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0151.1.

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Abstract Reanalysis data and radiation budget data are used to calculate the role of the atmospheric cloud radiative effect in determining the magnitude of horizontal export of energy by the tropical atmosphere. Because tropical high clouds result in net radiative heating of the atmosphere, they increase the requirement for the atmosphere to export energy from convective regions. Increases in upper-tropospheric water vapor associated with convection contribute about a fifth of the atmospheric radiative heating anomaly associated with convection. Over the warmest tropical oceans, the radiative

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Scott, Ryan C., Dan Lubin, Andrew M. Vogelmann, and Seiji Kato. "West Antarctic Ice Sheet Cloud Cover and Surface Radiation Budget from NASA A-Train Satellites." Journal of Climate 30, no. 16 (2017): 6151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0644.1.

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Clouds are an essential parameter of the surface energy budget influencing the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) response to atmospheric warming and net contribution to global sea level rise. A 4-yr record of NASA A-Train cloud observations is combined with surface radiation measurements to quantify the WAIS radiation budget and constrain the three-dimensional occurrence frequency, thermodynamic phase partitioning, and surface radiative effect of clouds over West Antarctica (WA). The skill of satellite-modeled radiative fluxes is confirmed through evaluation against measurements at four Antarcti

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Degünther, M., and R. Meerkötter. "Effect of remote clouds on surface UV irradiance." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 6 (2000): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0679-5.

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Abstract. Clouds affect local surface UV irradiance, even if the horizontal distance from the radiation observation site amounts to several kilometers. In order to investigate this effect, which we call remote clouds effect, a 3-dimensional radiative transfer model is applied. Assuming the atmosphere is subdivided into a quadratic based sector and its surrounding, we quantify the influence of changing cloud coverage within this surrounding from 0% to 100% on surface UV irradiance at the sector center. To work out this remote clouds influence as a function of sector base size, we made some calc

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Burleyson, Casey D., Charles N. Long, and Jennifer M. Comstock. "Quantifying Diurnal Cloud Radiative Effects by Cloud Type in the Tropical Western Pacific." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 6 (2015): 1297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0288.1.

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AbstractCloud radiative effects are examined using long-term datasets collected at the U.S. Department of Energy’s three Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facilities in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. The surface radiation budget, cloud populations, and cloud radiative effects are quantified by partitioning the data by cloud type, time of day, and large-scale modes of variability such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase and wet/dry seasons at Darwin, Australia. The novel aspect of this analysis is the breakdown of aggregate cloud radiative effects by cloud

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13

Yi, Bingqi, Ping Yang, Bryan A. Baum, et al. "Influence of Ice Particle Surface Roughening on the Global Cloud Radiative Effect." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 9 (2013): 2794–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-020.1.

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Abstract Ice clouds influence the climate system by changing the radiation budget and large-scale circulation. Therefore, climate models need to have an accurate representation of ice clouds and their radiative effects. In this paper, new broadband parameterizations for ice cloud bulk scattering properties are developed for severely roughened ice particles. The parameterizations are based on a general habit mixture that includes nine habits (droxtals, hollow/solid columns, plates, solid/hollow bullet rosettes, aggregate of solid columns, and small/large aggregates of plates). The scattering pr

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14

Hu, R. M., J. P. Blanchet, and E. Girard. "The effect of aerosol on surface cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 5 (2005): 9039–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-9039-2005.

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Abstract. Cloud radiative forcing is a very important concept to understand what kind of role the clouds play in climate change with thermal effect or albedo effect. In spite of that much progress has been achieved, the clouds are still poorly described in the climate models. Due to the complex aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions, high surface albedo of snow and ice cover, and without solar radiation in long period of the year, the Arctic strong warming caused by increasing greenhouse gases (as most GCMs suggested) has not been verified by the observations. In this study, we were dedicated to

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15

Lorian, Suf, and Guy Dagan. "On the sensitivity of aerosol–cloud interactions to changes in sea surface temperature in radiative–convective equilibrium." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 16 (2024): 9323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9323-2024.

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Abstract. Clouds play a vital role in regulating Earth's energy balance and are impacted by anthropogenic aerosol concentration (Na) and sea surface temperature (SST) alterations. Traditionally, these factors, aerosols and SST, are investigated independently. This study employs cloud-resolving, radiative–convective-equilibrium (RCE) simulations to explore aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) under varying SSTs. ACIs are found to be SST-dependent even under RCE conditions. Notably, changes in cloud radiative effects for both longwave radiation and shortwave radiation lead to a decrease in top-of-a

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16

L’Ecuyer, Tristan S., Yun Hang, Alexander V. Matus, and Zhien Wang. "Reassessing the Effect of Cloud Type on Earth’s Energy Balance in the Age of Active Spaceborne Observations. Part I: Top of Atmosphere and Surface." Journal of Climate 32, no. 19 (2019): 6197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0753.1.

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AbstractThis study revisits the classical problem of quantifying the radiative effects of unique cloud types in the era of spaceborne active observations. The radiative effects of nine cloud types, distinguished based on their vertical structure defined by CloudSat and CALIPSO observations, are assessed at both the top of the atmosphere and the surface. The contributions from single- and multilayered clouds are explicitly diagnosed. The global, annual mean net cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere is found to be −17.1 ± 4.2 W m−2 owing to −44.2 ± 2 W m−2 of shortwave cooling and

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17

Michael O Jonas. "Clouds independently appear to have as much or greater effect than man-made CO2 on radiative forcing." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (2022): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.2.0478.

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The patterns of behaviour of clouds, both for cloud area and cloud optical thickness, are studied over the period of available data, 1983 to 2017. There was a decrease in cloud cover over the study period, while global surface temperatures increased. The patterns of clouds and temperature indicate that the cloud cover decrease could not have been caused by the increased surface temperature. The clear implication is that the decrease in global cloud area must have been caused by some other unspecified factor, and was not caused directly or indirectly by CO2. Evaluation of the changes in clouds

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18

Hill, Peter G., Richard P. Allan, J. Christine Chiu, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, and Peter Knippertz. "Quantifying the Contribution of Different Cloud Types to the Radiation Budget in Southern West Africa." Journal of Climate 31, no. 13 (2018): 5273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0586.1.

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The contribution of cloud to the radiation budget of southern West Africa (SWA) is poorly understood and yet it is important for understanding regional monsoon evolution and for evaluating and improving climate models, which have large biases in this region. Radiative transfer calculations applied to atmospheric profiles obtained from the CERES– CloudSat–CALIPSO–MODIS (CCCM) dataset are used to investigate the effects of 12 different cloud types (defined by their vertical structure) on the regional energy budget of SWA (5°–10°N, 8°W–8°E) during June–September. We show that the large regional m

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19

Myers, Timothy A., and Joel R. Norris. "On the Relationships between Subtropical Clouds and Meteorology in Observations and CMIP3 and CMIP5 Models*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 8 (2015): 2945–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00475.1.

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Abstract Climate models’ simulation of clouds over the eastern subtropical oceans contributes to large uncertainties in projected cloud feedback to global warming. Here, interannual relationships of cloud radiative effect and cloud fraction to meteorological variables are examined in observations and in models participating in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively). In observations, cooler sea surface temperature, a stronger estimated temperature inversion, and colder horizontal surface temperature advection are each associated with larger l

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Chang, D. Y., H. Tost, B. Steil, and J. Lelieveld. "Aerosol–cloud interactions studied with the chemistry-climate model EMAC." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 15 (2014): 21975–2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-21975-2014.

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Abstract. This study uses the EMAC atmospheric chemistry-climate model to simulate cloud properties and estimate cloud radiative effects induced by aerosols. We have tested two prognostic cloud droplet nucleation parameterizations, i.e., the standard STN (osmotic coefficient model) and hybrid (HYB, replacing the osmotic coefficient by the κ hygroscopicity parameter) schemes to calculate aerosol hygroscopicity and critical supersaturation, and consider aerosol–cloud feedbacks with a focus on warm clouds. Both prognostic schemes (STN and HYB) account for aerosol number, size and composition effe

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21

Feingold, Graham, Allison McComiskey, Takanobu Yamaguchi, Jill S. Johnson, Kenneth S. Carslaw, and K. Sebastian Schmidt. "New approaches to quantifying aerosol influence on the cloud radiative effect." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 21 (2016): 5812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514035112.

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The topic of cloud radiative forcing associated with the atmospheric aerosol has been the focus of intense scrutiny for decades. The enormity of the problem is reflected in the need to understand aspects such as aerosol composition, optical properties, cloud condensation, and ice nucleation potential, along with the global distribution of these properties, controlled by emissions, transport, transformation, and sinks. Equally daunting is that clouds themselves are complex, turbulent, microphysical entities and, by their very nature, ephemeral and hard to predict. Atmospheric general circulatio

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22

Johansson, E., A. Devasthale, T. L'Ecuyer, A. M. L. Ekman, and M. Tjernström. "The vertical structure of cloud radiative heating over the Indian subcontinent during summer monsoon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 20 (2015): 11557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11557-2015.

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Abstract. Clouds forming during the summer monsoon over the Indian subcontinent affect its evolution through their radiative impact as well as the release of latent heat. While the latter is previously studied to some extent, comparatively little is known about the radiative impact of different cloud types and the vertical structure of their radiative heating/cooling effects. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to partly fill this knowledge gap by investigating and documenting the vertical distributions of the different cloud types associated with the Indian monsoon and their radiative he

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23

Kato, Seiji, Fred G. Rose, David A. Rutan, and Thomas P. Charlock. "Cloud Effects on the Meridional Atmospheric Energy Budget Estimated from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data." Journal of Climate 21, no. 17 (2008): 4223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli1982.1.

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Abstract The zonal mean atmospheric cloud radiative effect, defined as the difference between the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface cloud radiative effects, is estimated from 3 yr of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data. The zonal mean shortwave effect is small, though it tends to be positive (warming). This indicates that clouds increase shortwave absorption in the atmosphere, especially in midlatitudes. The zonal mean atmospheric cloud radiative effect is, however, dominated by the longwave effect. The zonal mean longwave effect is positive in the tropics and decre

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Seifert, A., C. Köhler, and K. D. Beheng. "Aerosol-cloud-precipitation effects over Germany as simulated by a convective-scale numerical weather prediction model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (2011): 20203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-20203-2011.

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Abstract. Possible aerosol-cloud-precipitation effects over Germany are investigated using the COSMO model in a convection-permitting configuration close to the operational COSMO-DE. Aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation are modeled by using an advanced two-moment microphysical parameterization taking into account aerosol assumptions for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) as well as ice nuclei (IN). Simulations of three summer seasons have been performed with various aerosol assumptions, and are analysed regarding surface precipitation, cloud properties, and the indirect aerosol effect on n

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Seifert, A., C. Köhler, and K. D. Beheng. "Aerosol-cloud-precipitation effects over Germany as simulated by a convective-scale numerical weather prediction model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (2012): 709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-709-2012.

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Abstract. Possible aerosol-cloud-precipitation effects over Germany are investigated using the COSMO model in a convection-permitting configuration close to the operational COSMO-DE. Aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation are modeled by using an advanced two-moment microphysical parameterization taking into account aerosol assumptions for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) as well as ice nuclei (IN). Simulations of three summer seasons have been performed with various aerosol assumptions, and are analysed regarding surface precipitation, cloud properties, and the indirect aerosol effect on n

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26

Tijhuis, Mirjam, Bart J. H. van Stratum, and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden. "The impact of coupled 3D shortwave radiative transfer on surface radiation and cumulus clouds over land." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 18 (2024): 10567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10567-2024.

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Abstract. Radiative transfer is a 3D process, but most atmospheric models consider radiation only in the vertical direction for computational efficiency. This results in inaccurate surface radiation fields, as the horizontal transport of radiation is neglected. Previous work on 3D radiative effects mainly used 3D radiative transfer uncoupled from the flow solver. In contrast, our current work uses 3D radiative transfer coupled to the flow solver to study its impact on the development of clouds and the resulting impact on the domain-averaged surface solar irradiance. To this end, we performed a

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Arouf, Assia, Hélène Chepfer, Thibault Vaillant de Guélis, et al. "The surface longwave cloud radiative effect derived from space lidar observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 12 (2022): 3893–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3893-2022.

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Abstract. Clouds warm the surface in the longwave (LW), and this warming effect can be quantified through the surface LW cloud radiative effect (CRE). The global surface LW CRE has been estimated over more than 2 decades using space-based radiometers (2000–2021) and over the 5-year period ending in 2011 using the combination of radar, lidar and space-based radiometers. Previous work comparing these two types of retrievals has shown that the radiometer-based cloud amount has some bias over icy surfaces. Here we propose new estimates of the global surface LW CRE from space-based lidar observatio

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Fletcher, Jennifer K., Shannon Mason, and Christian Jakob. "A Climatology of Clouds in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks in Both Hemispheres." Journal of Climate 29, no. 18 (2016): 6677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0783.1.

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Abstract A climatology of clouds within marine cold air outbreaks, primarily using long-term satellite observations, is presented. Cloud properties between cold air outbreaks in different regions in both hemispheres are compared. In all regions marine cold air outbreak clouds tend to be low level with high cloud fraction and low-to-moderate optical thickness. Stronger cold air outbreaks have clouds that are optically thicker, but not geometrically thicker, than those in weaker cold air outbreaks. There is some evidence that clouds deepen and break up over the course of a cold air outbreak even

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Lee, Wan-Ho, and Richard C. J. Somerville. "Effects of alternative cloud radiation parameterizations in a general circulation model." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 1 (1996): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0107-6.

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Abstract. Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) general circulation model (CCM2), a suite of alternative cloud radiation parameterizations has been tested. Our methodology relies on perpetual July integrations driven by ±2 K sea surface temperature forcing. The tested parameterizations include relative humidity based clouds and versions of schemes involving a prognostic cloud water budget. We are especially interested in testing the effect of cloud optical thickness feedbacks on global climate sensitivity. All schemes exhibit negative cloud radiation feedbacks, i.e., cloud

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Michael, O. Jonas. "Clouds independently appear to have as much or greater effect than man-made CO2 on radiative forcing." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (2022): 564–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7299123.

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The patterns of behaviour of clouds, both for cloud area and cloud optical thickness, are studied over the period of available data, 1983 to 2017. There was a decrease in cloud cover over the study period, while global surface temperatures increased. The patterns of clouds and temperature indicate that the cloud cover decrease could not have been caused by the increased surface temperature. The clear implication is that the decrease in global cloud area must have been caused by some other unspecified factor, and was not caused directly or indirectly by CO<sub>2</sub>. Evaluation of the changes

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Mallet, Marc, Aurore Voldoire, Fabien Solmon, Pierre Nabat, Thomas Drugé, and Romain Roehrig. "Impact of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) on the tropical African climate in an ocean–atmosphere–aerosol coupled climate model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 21 (2024): 12509–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12509-2024.

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Abstract. The impact of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) emitted in central Africa on the tropical African climate is studied using the ocean–atmosphere global climate model CNRM-CM, including prognostic aerosols. The direct BBA forcing, cloud feedbacks (semi-direct effects), effects on surface solar radiation, atmospheric dynamics and precipitation are analysed for the 1990–2014 period. During the June–July–August (JJA) season, the CNRM-CM simulations reveal a BBA semi-direct effect exerted on low-level clouds with an increase in the cloud fraction of ∼5 %–10 % over a large part of the tropical

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McFarlane, Sally A., Charles N. Long, and Julia Flaherty. "A Climatology of Surface Cloud Radiative Effects at the ARM Tropical Western Pacific Sites." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 4 (2013): 996–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0189.1.

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AbstractCloud radiative effects on surface downwelling fluxes are investigated using datasets from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) sites in the tropical western Pacific Ocean (TWP) region. The Nauru Island (Republic of Nauru) and Darwin, Australia, sites show large variability in sky cover, downwelling radiative fluxes, and surface cloud radiative effect (CRE) that is due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Australian monsoon, respectively, whereas the Manus Island (Papua New Guinea) site shows little intraseasonal or interannual variability. At Nauru, the averag

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Griesche, Hannes Jascha, Carola Barrientos-Velasco, Hartwig Deneke, Anja Hünerbein, Patric Seifert, and Andreas Macke. "Low-level Arctic clouds: a blind zone in our knowledge of the radiation budget." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 1 (2024): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-597-2024.

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Abstract. Quantifying the role of clouds in the earth's radiation budget is essential for improving our understanding of the drivers and feedback mechanisms of climate change. This holds in particular for the Arctic, the region currently undergoing the most rapid changes. This region, however, also poses significant challenges to remote-sensing retrievals of clouds and radiative fluxes, introducing large uncertainties in current climate data records. In particular, low-level stratiform clouds are common in the Arctic but are, due to their low altitude, challenging to observe and characterize w

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Miller, Nathaniel B., Matthew D. Shupe, Christopher J. Cox, Von P. Walden, David D. Turner, and Konrad Steffen. "Cloud Radiative Forcing at Summit, Greenland." Journal of Climate 28, no. 15 (2015): 6267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0076.1.

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Abstract The surface energy budget plays a critical role in determining the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which in turn has significant implications for global sea levels. Nearly three years of data (January 2011–October 2013) are used to characterize the annual cycle of surface radiative fluxes and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) from the central Greenland Ice Sheet at Summit Station. The annual average CRF is 33 W m−2, representing a substantial net cloud warming of the central Greenland surface. Unlike at other Arctic sites, clouds warm the surface during the summer. The surface al

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Gilgen, Anina, Wan Ting Katty Huang, Luisa Ickes, David Neubauer, and Ulrike Lohmann. "How important are future marine and shipping aerosol emissions in a warming Arctic summer and autumn?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 14 (2018): 10521–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10521-2018.

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Abstract. Future sea ice retreat in the Arctic in summer and autumn is expected to affect both natural and anthropogenic aerosol emissions: sea ice acts as a barrier between the ocean and the atmosphere, and reducing it increases dimethyl sulfide and sea salt emissions. Additionally, a decrease in the area and thickness of sea ice could lead to enhanced Arctic ship traffic, for example due to shorter routes of cargo ships. Changes in the emissions of aerosol particles can then influence cloud properties, precipitation, surface albedo, and radiation. Next to changes in aerosol emissions, clouds

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McFarlane, Sally A., and K. Franklin Evans. "Clouds and Shortwave Fluxes at Nauru. Part II: Shortwave Flux Closure." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 21 (2004): 2602–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3299.1.

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Abstract The datasets currently being collected by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program on the islands of Nauru and Manus represent the longest time series of ground-based cloud measurements in the tropical western Pacific region. In this series of papers, a shortwave flux closure study is presented using observations collected at the Nauru site between June 1999 and May 2000. The first paper presented frequency of occurrence of nonprecipitating clouds detected by the millimeter-wavelength cloud radar (MMCR) at Nauru and statistics of their retrieved microphysical properties. Th

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Possner, Anna, Hailong Wang, Robert Wood, Ken Caldeira, and Thomas P. Ackerman. "The efficacy of aerosol–cloud radiative perturbations from near-surface emissions in deep open-cell stratocumuli." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 23 (2018): 17475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17475-2018.

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Abstract. Aerosol–cloud radiative effects are determined and quantified in simulations of deep open-cell stratocumuli observed during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) campaign off the west coast of Chile. The cloud deck forms in a boundary layer 1.5 km deep, with cell sizes reaching 50 km in diameter. Global databases of ship tracks suggest that these linear structures are seldom found in boundary layers this deep. Here, we quantify the changes in cloud radiative properties to a continuous aerosol point source moving along a fixed emission line relea

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Narizhnaya, Alexandra, and Alexander Chernokulsky. "Cloud Characteristics during Intense Cold Air Outbreaks over the Barents Sea Based on Satellite Data." Atmosphere 15, no. 3 (2024): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030317.

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The Arctic experiences remarkable changes in environmental parameters that affect fluctuations in the surface energy budget, including radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes. Cold air masses and cloud transformations during marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) substantially influence the radiative fluxes, thereby shaping the link between large-scale dynamics, sea ice conditions, and the surface energy budget. In this study, we investigate various cloud characteristics during intense MCAOs over the Barents Sea from 2000 to 2018 using satellite data. We identify 72 intense MCAO events that p

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Hong, Yulan, Guosheng Liu, and J. L. F. Li. "Assessing the Radiative Effects of Global Ice Clouds Based on CloudSat and CALIPSO Measurements." Journal of Climate 29, no. 21 (2016): 7651–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0799.1.

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Abstract Although it is well established that cirrus warms Earth, the radiative effect of the entire spectrum of ice clouds is not well understood. In this study, the role of all ice clouds in Earth’s radiation budget is investigated by performing radiative transfer modeling using ice cloud properties retrieved from CloudSat and CALIPSO measurements as inputs. Results show that, for the 2008 period, the warming effect (~21.8 ± 5.4 W m−2) induced by ice clouds trapping longwave radiation exceeds their cooling effect (~−16.7 ± 1.7 W m−2) caused by shortwave reflection, resulting in a net warming

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Alexandri, Georgia, Aristeidis K. Georgoulias, and Dimitris Balis. "Effect of Aerosols, Tropospheric NO2 and Clouds on Surface Solar Radiation over the Eastern Mediterranean (Greece)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (2021): 2587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132587.

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In this work, the effect that two basic air quality indexes, aerosols and tropospheric NO2, exert on surface solar radiation (SSR) is studied, along with the effect of liquid and ice clouds over 16 locations in Greece, in the heart of the Eastern Mediterranean. State-of-the-art satellite-based observations and climatological data for the 15-year period 2005–2019, and a radiative transfer system based on a modified version of the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model are used. Our SSR simulations are in good agreement with ground observations and two satellite produ

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Dong, Xiquan, Baike Xi, and Patrick Minnis. "A Climatology of Midlatitude Continental Clouds from the ARM SGP Central Facility. Part II: Cloud Fraction and Surface Radiative Forcing." Journal of Climate 19, no. 9 (2006): 1765–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3710.1.

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Abstract Data collected at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility (SCF) are analyzed to determine the monthly and hourly variations of cloud fraction and radiative forcing between January 1997 and December 2002. Cloud fractions are estimated for total cloud cover and for single-layered low (0–3 km), middle (3–6 km), and high clouds (&gt;6 km) using ARM SCF ground-based paired lidar–radar measurements. Shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes are derived from up- and down-looking standard precision spectral pyranometers a

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Liu, Xinyan, Tao He, Qingxin Wang, et al. "Estimation of long-term gridded cloud radiative kernel and radiative effects based on cloud fraction." Earth System Science Data 17, no. 6 (2025): 2405–35. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2405-2025.

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Abstract. The surface shortwave cloud radiative effect (CRE) plays a critical role in modulating the Earth's energy balance and climate change. However, accurately quantifying the CRE remains challenging due to significant uncertainties in downwelling surface shortwave radiation (DSSR) and cloud parameter estimates, especially in the Arctic. This paper introduces a novel approach that enhances the accuracy of CRE estimation by constructing computationally efficient, long-term gridded surface cloud fraction radiative kernels (GCF-CRKs) and integrating refined DSSR estimates and a high-precision

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Wolf, Kevin, Nicolas Bellouin, and Olivier Boucher. "Sensitivity of cirrus and contrail radiative effect on cloud microphysical and environmental parameters." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 21 (2023): 14003–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14003-2023.

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Abstract. Natural cirrus clouds and contrails cover about 30 % of the Earth's mid-latitudes and up to 70 % of the tropics. Due to their widespread occurrence, cirrus clouds have a considerable impact on the Earth energy budget, which, on average, leads to a warming net radiative effect (solar + thermal infrared). However, whether the instantaneous radiative effect (RE), which in some cases corresponds to a radiative forcing, of natural cirrus or contrails is positive or negative depends on their microphysical, macrophysical, and optical properties, as well as the radiative properties of the en

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Hogan, Robin J., Mark D. Fielding, Howard W. Barker, Najda Villefranque, and Sophia A. K. Schäfer. "Entrapment: An Important Mechanism to Explain the Shortwave 3D Radiative Effect of Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 2019, no. 1 (2019): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0366.1.

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AbstractSeveral mechanisms have previously been proposed to explain differences between the shortwave reflectance of realistic cloud scenes computed using the 1D independent column approximation (ICA) and 3D solutions of the radiative transfer equation. When the sun is low in the sky, interception of sunlight by cloud sides tends to increase reflectance relative to ICA estimates that neglect this effect. When the sun is high, 3D radiative transfer tends to make clouds less reflective, which we argue is explained by the mechanism of “entrapment” whereby horizontal transport of radiation beneath

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Marquardt Collow, Allison B., and Mark A. Miller. "The Seasonal Cycle of the Radiation Budget and Cloud Radiative Effect in the Amazon Rain Forest of Brazil." Journal of Climate 29, no. 21 (2016): 7703–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0089.1.

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Abstract Changes in the climate system of the Amazon rain forest of Brazil can impact factors that influence the radiation budget such as clouds, atmospheric moisture, and the surface albedo. This study examines the relationships between clouds and radiation in this region using surface observations from the first year of the deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Mobile Facility 1 (AMF1) in Manacapuru, Brazil, and satellite measurements from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES). The seasonal cycles of the radiation budget and cloud radiative ef

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Ebell, Kerstin, Tatiana Nomokonova, Marion Maturilli, and Christoph Ritter. "Radiative Effect of Clouds at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, as Inferred from Ground-Based Remote Sensing Observations." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 59, no. 1 (2020): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-19-0080.1.

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AbstractFor the first time, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) has been characterized for the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway, including more than 2 years of data (June 2016–September 2018). The cloud radiative effect, that is, the difference between the all-sky and equivalent clear-sky net radiative fluxes, has been derived based on a combination of ground-based remote sensing observations of cloud properties and the application of broadband radiative transfer simulations. The simulated fluxes have been evaluated in terms of a radiative closure study. Good agreement with observed surfa

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Inoue, Jun, Jiping Liu, James O. Pinto, and Judith A. Curry. "Intercomparison of Arctic Regional Climate Models: Modeling Clouds and Radiation for SHEBA in May 1998." Journal of Climate 19, no. 17 (2006): 4167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3854.1.

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Abstract To improve simulations of the Arctic climate and to quantify climate model errors, four regional climate models [the Arctic Regional Climate System Model (ARCSYM), the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), the High-Resolution Limited-Area Model (HIRHAM), and the Rossby Center Atmospheric Model (RCA)] have simulated the annual Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) under the Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ARCMIP). The same lateral boundary and ocean surface boundary conditions (i.e., ice concentration and surface temperature) dr

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Rojas Muñoz, Oscar Javier, Marjolaine Chiriaco, Sophie Bastin, and Justine Ringard. "Estimation of the terms acting on local 1 h surface temperature variations in Paris region: the specific contribution of clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 20 (2021): 15699–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15699-2021.

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Abstract. Local short-term temperature variations at the surface are mainly dominated by small-scale processes coupled through the surface energy balance terms, which are well known but whose specific contribution and importance on the hourly scale still need to be further analyzed. A method to determine each of these terms based almost exclusively on observations is presented in this paper, with the main objective being to estimate their importance in hourly near-surface temperature variations at the SIRTA observatory, near Paris. Almost all terms are estimated from the multi-year dataset SIR

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Wilcox, E. M. "Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of smoke aerosols over clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (2011): 20947–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-20947-2011.

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Abstract. Observations from Earth observing satellites indicate that dark carbonaceous aerosols that absorb solar radiation are widespread in the tropics and subtropics. When these aerosols mix with clouds, there is generally a reduction of cloudiness owing to absorption of solar energy in the aerosol layer. Over the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean, where smoke from savannah burning in southern Africa resides above a persistent deck of marine stratocumulus clouds, radiative heating of the smoke layer leads to a thickening of the cloud layer. Here, satellite observations of the albedo of overc

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Wilcox, E. M. "Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of smoke aerosols over clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 1 (2012): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-139-2012.

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Abstract. Observations from Earth observing satellites indicate that dark carbonaceous aerosols that absorb solar radiation are widespread in the tropics and subtropics. When these aerosols mix with clouds, there is generally a reduction of cloudiness owing to absorption of solar energy in the aerosol layer. Over the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean, where smoke from savannah burning in southern Africa resides above a persistent deck of marine stratocumulus clouds, radiative heating of the smoke layer leads to a thickening of the cloud layer. Here, satellite observations of the albedo of overc

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