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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface pattern design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 October 2021

Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Lee, Taekyoung, Jieun Cha, and Sohyun Sung. "Can Architectural Surfaces Capture Atmospheric Particulate Matter Like Trees? A Design Strategy to Mimic Leaf Traits." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147637.

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Trees’ ability to capture atmospheric Particular Matter (PM) is related to morphological traits (shape, size, and micro-morphology) of the leaves. The objectives of this study were (1) to find out whether cluster pattern of the leaves is also a parameter that affects trees’ PM capturing performance and (2) to apply the cluster patterns of the leaves on architectural surfaces to confirm its impact on PM capturing performance. Two series of chamber experiments were designed to observe the impact of cluster patterns on PM capturing performance whilst other influential variables were controlled. First, we exposed synthetic leaf structures of different cluster patterns (a large and sparsely arranged cluster pattern and a small and densely arranged cluster pattern) to artificially generated PM in a chamber for 60 min and recorded the changing levels of PM2.5 and PM10 every minute. The results confirmed that the small and densely arranged cluster pattern has more significant effect on reducing PM2.5 and PM10 than the large and sparsely arranged cluster pattern. Secondly, we created three different types of architectural surfaces mimicking the cluster patterns of the leaves: a base surface, a folded surface, and a folded and porous surface. The surfaces were also exposed to artificially generated PM in the chamber and the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were recorded. The results confirmed that the folded and porous surface has a more significant effect on reducing PM2.5 and PM10 than other surfaces. The study has confirmed that the PM capturing performance of architectural surfaces can be improved by mimicking cluster pattern of the leaves.

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Jankoska, Maja. "Application CAD methods in 3D clothing design." Tekstilna industrija 68, no. 4 (2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2004031j.

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Modeling virtual garments is known as a very laborious process, which includes designing 2D patterns, positioning, and sewing them in 3D, performing a physically-based simulation, and then iteratively adjusting patterns and parameters, repeating the process until the expected effect is achieved. The aim of this paper is to make a 2D pattern and 3D simulation of a men's shirt. First, the computer construction of the men's shirt model was made on a sketch-based, i.e. a 2D pattern is developed. Secondly, 2D pattern is developed by flattening 3D surface patches, then a 3D fine garment is formed directly based on the information of sewing relations and correspondence between 3D surfaces and 2D patterns. The method is able to design 3D garments and 2D patterns efficiently and accurately.

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Rivera, Diego A., Renaud A. Danhaive, and Caitlin T. Mueller. "Adaptive Framework for Structural Pattern Optimization." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 61, no. 4 (2020): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.012.

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This research outlines a new computational workflow for the design and optimization of patterned, perforated surface structures. Well-designed surface structures can be highly efficient on their own, but their potential for structural efficiency can be notably improved by deliberately introducing specific aperture patterns. Patterned surfaces can also be used to produce more stimulating architectural environments, and even those of increasing complexity can be realized thanks to recent developments in digital fabrication. With this said, designers currently lack a streamlined and rigorous approach for the exploration of patterned surface structures. This research aims to address this issue by advancing a recent work that employs NURBS-based isogeometric analysis to integrate structural analysis into an accessible CAD modeling platform. Specifically, this paper proposes an adaptive pattern optimization framework formulated to save designers appreciable computational time. Not only does this framework offer a way to quickly visualize various design solutions, but it also provides the designer an important opportunity for design interaction and control over design evolution, in turn lending itself as a versatile tool for the exploration and conceptual design of patterned surface structures.

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Filipowski, Szymon, and Michał Nessel. "ALGORITHMIC APPROACH IN THE DESIGN OF REPETITIVE PATTERNS ON ARCHITECTURAL SURFACES." Boletim da Aproged, no. 34 (December 2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2184-4933_2018-0034_0005.

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Nowadays, smooth, curved surfaces are very common in architectural solutions, and proper design of repetitive patterns on such surfaces is a real challenge for architects and designers. This paper presents various algorithmic approaches to pattern design and distribution, based on examples of existing solutions and on the authors’ designed algorithms and didactic experiences. Algorithmic studies are based on Rhinoceros for NURBS (Non-Uniform B-Spline) modelling and on the Grasshopper plugin for graphic algorithm editing. This approach to the topic combines geometry, aesthetics, flexibility and IT techniques, that are very useful in case of pattern distribution. The examples present algorithms that help in clear definitions and the realization of the designer’s intentions to achieve accurate results. KEYWORDS: pattern, surface, mapping, tessellation.

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Jia, Qi, Xu Liang Lv, Wei Dong Xu, Jiang Hua Hu, and Xian Hui Rong. "Three-Dimensional Pattern Blending Design of Five-Surface Plane Developed Drawing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.371.

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The blending effect of design pattern of five-surface plane developed drawing is important to the design pattern. The blending of three-dimensional pattern design can realize the automation of pattern design. The target pattern design of air brushing is based on the square design picture. Therefore, the effect is bad, especially in the edges between surfaces. Edge processing method is developed to solve this problem. The pixels are compressed in accordance with the image pixel compression method. According to the processing steps, the computer programming is performed. The results shows that, the floral drawing in the blending design figure can extend to the adjacent surfaces naturally, and the blending effect is great after the three-dimensional blending perform.

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Rybansky, David, Pavel Marsalek, Martin Sotola, et al. "Design and Behavior of Lightweight Flexible Structure with Spatial Pattern Reducing Contact Surface Fraction." Polymers 15, no. 19 (2023): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15193896.

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Flexible structures are increasingly important in biomedical applications, where they can be used to achieve adaptable designs. This paper presents a study of the design and behavior of 3D-printed lightweight flexible structures. In this work, we focus on the design principles and numerical modelling of spatial patterns, as well as their mechanical properties and behavior under various loads. Contact surface fraction was determined as the ratio of the surface area of the printed pattern to the surface area of the entire curved surface. The objective of this work is to design a spatial pattern reducing contact surface fraction and develop a non-linear numerical model evaluating the structure’s stiffness; in addition, we aimed to identify the best design pattern with respect to its stiffness:mass ratio. The experimental verification of the numerical model is performed on 3D-printed prototypes prepared using the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) method and made of Nylon—Polyamide 12. The obtained results provide insights into designing and optimizing lightweight external biomedical applications such as prostheses, orthoses, helmets, or adaptive cushions.

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Danner, Michael, Elena Brake, Gabriela Kosel, et al. "AI-assisted Pattern Generator for Garment Design." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 5, no. 2 (2024): 195–206. https://doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2024.5.p195-206.

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This paper introduces an AI-assisted pattern generator, aimed to simplify garment design by flattening the pattern creation in an automated process from 3D scans for users without knowledge of conventional pattern construction. This garment tool plug-in computerizes the development of scanned persons into 3D shell surface meshes, which are automatically unwrapped into 2D patterns, streamlining the traditionally complex aspects of garment design for novices. The process uses advanced AI algorithms to facilitate the conversion of 3D scans into usable patterns. Machine learning adapts to different garment styles (close-fitting, regular fit and loose-fitting), ensuring a broad applicability, while customization options allow a precise adaption to individual body measurements. This AI-assisted tool enables a wider audience to generate customized garment creation.

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Hoffman, Kurt R., Caroline P. Peyton, and Andrew C. Morrison. "Low-cost electronic speckle pattern interferometry: Obtaining reliable signals." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 4_Supplement (2024): A91. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035214.

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Designs for low cost electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) systems allow broad use of this technique to study the vibration or deformation of surfaces. For example, the technique allows direct imaging of the normal mode shapes of musical instruments, which can be used to assess design changes or optimize instrument fabrication. While the typical surface measurement system is quite simple in design, obtaining reliable signals is often challenging. Random phase changes due to object motion or reference signal light path can lead to decorrelations resulting in an unstable final image that washes out with averaging. Depolarization of the scattered light also diminishes the interference pattern intensity. We will be discussing the particulars of surface preparation, optical alignment, and phase control that help lead to successful ESPI image contrast and stability. We will also discuss the differences between using a stationary reference image for ESPI subtraction and a frame-by-frame difference method to obtain higher contrast interference patterns.

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Kwon, Young Woo, Mun Ki Bae, Ri-Ichi Murakami, Tae Hwan Jang, and Tae Gyu Kim. "Study of the micro/nano-texture design to improve the friction properties of DLC thin films." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 14n16 (2021): 2140027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221400270.

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In this study, a DLC pattern was fabricated through a photolithography process that constitutes a part of the semiconductor process, to investigate the frictional wear characteristics. The photolithography was used to produce negative patterns with a pattern width of 10 [Formula: see text]m or 20 [Formula: see text]m and a pattern depth of 500 nm on the DLC surface. The change in the coefficient of friction of the surface was investigated through a ball-on-disk tribology test on the fabricated micro/nano-sized DLC pattern. The DLC pattern fabricated by the photolithography process showed a superior coefficient of friction to that of the general DLC sample. These results show that the decrease in the surface friction coefficient of the patterned DLC thin film is due to the reduction in the surface contact area owing to the modification of the micro/nano-texture of the surface as well as the low friction characteristics of the DLC.

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Hamkins, Christopher P., and Stephan Bross. "Use of Surface Flow Visualization Methods in Centrifugal Pump Design." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 2 (2002): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1470477.

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Surface flow patterns generated with oils or oil paint have been used in centrifugal pump design for many years. Here it is shown how modern image analysis methods allow quantitative predictions of the corresponding pressure distribution by analyzing surface flow patterns. Further, the surface flow patterns can be used to confirm computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, improve their boundary conditions and determine their limits of validity. The authors see the need for a new type of boundary condition for CFD packages, in which a measured flow pattern could be used as “input.”

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Sakai, Yusuke, and Makoto Ohsaki. "Parametric Study of Non-periodic and Hybrid Auxetic Bending-Active Gridshells." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 61, no. 4 (2020): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.010.

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This paper presents a design method of Auxetic Bending-Active Gridshells (ABAGs), which are curved surfaces generated from the initial flat grid with 2-dimensional auxetic patterns. One of the mechanical properties of ABAGs is that a dome-like shape of a curved surface can be easily obtained by bending a grid due to negative Poisson's ratio for in-plane deformation. Shapes of auxetic patterns are relevant to Poisson's ratio. Non-periodic and/or hybrid 2-dimensional auxetic patterns are developed for designing the initial flat grid of ABAGs. Shape parameters are the sizes of each plane unit for tuning its reentrant pattern, and two types of reentrant shapes are mixed on an initial flat grid. Using the non-uniform patterns, we can obtain an asymmetric and more complex free-form surface of ABAGs than those composed of a uniform reentrant pattern. Discrete Gaussian curvature at each node on a curved surface is computed for quantitatively evaluating the properties of shapes of the obtained surfaces. Possibility of ABAGs as a new design tool is demonstrated by showing that various shapes are generated through large deformation analysis with the forced displacements at the supports.

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Ivanov, A. V., K. A. Kushnir, and M. S. Simonova. "Development method of splitting the radio-reflective large-sized reflector surface into cutting patterns made of mesh with coarse cells." Spacecrafts & Technologies 7, no. 3 (2023): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/j.st.2023.3.04.

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An important design component of space antenna reflectors is a reflecting surface. At present, metallic knitted mesh fabric is most often used as a reflective surface; it fully meets the requirements for such surfaces in terms of physical and mechanical properties. Particularly important characteristics for large-sized reflectors are low specific gravity and high light transmission coefficient, which a mesh with coarse cells provides. However, the structural features of this mesh fabric impose additional requirements on its use as a reflective surface for large-sized transformable reflectors. The article deals with a special approach to designing patterns for a reflective surface made of mesh with coarse cells. The developed pattern cutting option allows to obtain a reflective surface with the least distortion (error), in accordance formulated criteria. The authors have suggested the option of obtaining cutting patterns of metallic mesh fabric, described the advantages of the proposed option over the classical one. The cutting pattern of the parabolic surface for the offset reflector was obtained. The proposed cutting pattern option was analyzed. Furthermore, optimization was carried out, which made it possible to maintain the integrity of the cellular structure of patterns along one loop row. The compared results show that the developed cutting pattern option completely complies with the requirements and it can be used to form a reflective surface from the metallic knitted mesh with coarse cells.

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Kim, So Young. "A study of Textile Surface Design using Fractal Pattern." Journal of Basic Design & Art 19, no. 5 (2018): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47294/ksbda.19.5.8.

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Fang, Jing Jing, and Yu Ding. "Energy-Based Optimum Pattern Development for Garment Industry." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1223.

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Distortions are inevitable when flattening is applied to an irregular surface. This study presents a meshing energy model and evaluates the energy variation between the 3D designed surface and the 2D flattened pattern in order to minimize the energy that arises from the development process. Base on expert knowledge, constraint optimization methods are used to find the unique pattern in its minimum deformation. This method is applied via simulation to some garment examples. Taking design and manufacturing conditions into consideration, the designed garments are flattened into patterns which have the least energy and area variation from the 3D designs.

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Misaka, Mai, and Hideki Aoyama. "Development of design system for crack patterns on cup surface based on KANSEI." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 5, no. 4 (2018): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2017.12.008.

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Abstract With the development of manufacturing technology in recent years, as well as with the industrial product development, differentiation in the design aspect is becoming effective, not in terms of performance or quality. In addition, as consumers seek products that match their own sensibilities (KANSEI), designers are required to propose designs that highly conform to concept presented by client, while understanding the KANSEI of diversified consumers; therefore, their burden is increasing. To address these issues, the support of the development of computer-aided design has advanced; however, it is difficult to reflect human KANSEI or to generate a design that induces a natural impression through computers. The purpose of this research is to develop a system that incorporates the KANSEI of users, and emits a pattern design that induces a natural impression using a computer. This work is focused on crack patterns that can be observed on pottery surfaces, and a method for generating crack patterns on a cup surface is suggested. In this study, a Bézier curved surface and fluctuation were employed in order to induce a natural impression. In addition, by using the neural network, the crack patterns were associated with user KANSEI. The neural network was composed of three layers, namely the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer; it adopted the sigmoid function as the transition function and the back propagation as the learning method. As a result, a system was constructed, in which a crack pattern that satisfied the input produces an output according to the desired impression of the user. Finally, an evaluation questionnaire was distributed, and the usefulness of the system was confirmed. Highlights A method for creating crack patterns using a computer is proposed. The relationship between KANSEI and crack patterns is modeled by neural network. A system is developed that outputs crack patterns that satisfy the inputted KANSEI.

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Genc, Seda, and Ayla Savcı. "Comparison of Water Discharge Performance of Motorcycle Tires with Different Tread Patterns by Applying CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Technique." European Journal of Research and Development 3, no. 2 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/ejrnd.v3i2.263.

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The tire is one of the most important vehicle parts that provide contact between the vehicle and the road surface together with the air it carries in it. Some traffic accidents are due to driving performance on the wet road surface. Aquaplaning on water occurs when depressions and sloping areas on the asphalt become filled with water, causing it to accumulate. When a vehicle passes over a puddle, its tires lose contact with the ground, causing it to slide instead of tire pattern channels helping roll on the water. This can cause problems with water drainage. When a vehicle passes over a puddle, its tires lose contact with the ground, causing it to slide instead of roll on the water. This can cause problems with water drainage. For this reason, it is extremely important to design the pattern on the tires properly. The pattern channels on the tire help to evacuate water by passing it through the channels formed on the asphalt surface. However, in cases where the amount of water is high, the pattern channels will be forced after a while and lose contact with the ground, as they cannot discharge all the water bodies. For this reason, it is extremely important to design the pattern on the tires properly. The study analyzed the water evacuation effects of motorcycle tires with three different tread patterns on wet surfaces, taking into account different factors such as contact angles, driving direction, and driving speeds. The data obtained from the study indicate that the tread pattern design has a significant impact on the aquaplaning performance of tires on water surfaces.

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Tai, Chiew-Lan, and Kia-Fock Loe. "Surface design via deformation of periodically swept surfaces." Visual Computer 12, no. 10 (1996): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003710050080.

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Kisomi, Masoumeh Karimi, Muhammad Sohaib Roomi, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Mode-Adaptive Surface Pattern Design for Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance." Nanoenergy Advances 4, no. 4 (2024): 328–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv4040020.

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Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a promising technique for harvesting environmental energy that is based on electrostatic induction and contact electrification. This is a method that uses every relative motion between two electrodes to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Several modes of TENGs are designed based on various relative motions between electrode pairs. As TENGs are a surface phenomenon, properties such as the structure of the electrodes are key parameters that affect their performance. In this paper, in order to identify the best pattern designed adapted to the TENG mode, the effect of surface structures in each mode is investigated numerically. To achieve the best performance of the micro-patterned electrode, a comparative study has been conducted on the four TENG modes under the same conditions. To reach this goal, micro-patterned shapes such as pyramid, spherical, and cube structures are designed, and the open circuit voltage is calculated and compared to a flat surface. The results show that surface modification has a significant role in TENG’s performance. Based on this study, by using a cube-patterned electrode instead of a flat electrode, the output voltage increases from 233 V to 384 V in sliding mode. Also, by applying the spherical pattern, the output voltage is 1.7 times higher than a flat electrode in contact-separation mode. In the case of investigating TENG pattern structure, the results show that the electrical outputs of the patterned layer depend on the mode. The spherical pattern has a higher impact in contact-separation mode compared to the cube pattern. Meanwhile, in sliding mode, the cube pattern has a greater effect. This work provides a hint for designing an effective pattern on electrodes for a particular mode to enhance TENG performance.

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Fang, Jing-Jing, and Yu Ding. "Energy-based optimal darted pattern for garment design." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (2014): 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2012-0063.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find the pattern with minimal deformation energy while developing from 3D designed garments. Moreover, darts are generated to further reduce deformation energy. The aims of the energy-based flattening method are to reduce the difference between 3D designed garments and 2D flattened patterns in an accurate and efficient way. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a mass spring method and iterative optimization to analyze pattern contours with minimal contour deformation while flattening three dimensional draping designs into a plane. Darts are generated to further reduce distortion during surface flattening and the energy method is introduced to verify that the analysis results obtained match the garment darts provided by the Bunka formula which is currently widely used in East Asia. Findings – An efficient method for generating optimal darted pattern is presented. It compares the important factors of darts, including position, length and amount. After iterative optimization and darts generation, the maximum energy reduction is about 30 percent. Originality/value – This study provides an aggregate to analyze and compare the differences between different patterns and conduct a verification comparison with traditional pattern formula.

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Verna, Didier. "Revisiting the Visitor: the "Just Do It" Pattern." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 16, no. (2) (2010): 246–70. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-016-02-0246.

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While software design patterns are a generally useful concept, they areoften (and mistakenly) seen as ready-made universal recipes for solving common problems. In a way, the danger is that programmers stop thinking about their actual prob-lem, and start looking for pre-cooked solutions in some design pattern book instead. What people usually forget about design patterns is that the underlying programminglanguage plays a major role in the exact shape such or such pattern will have on the surface. The purpose of this paper is twofold: we show why design pattern expressionis intimately linked to the expressiveness of the programming language in use, and we also demonstrate how a blind application of them can in fact lead to very poorlydesigned code.

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Guy, Travis N., and Scott B. Nokleby. "Development of an end-effector system for autonomous spraying applications and radiation surveying." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 44, no. 4 (2020): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2019-0184.

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This paper presents the design and testing of a scale proof-of-concept prototype robotic end-effector system for autonomous robotic shotcrete application and radiation surveying in underground uranium mining environments. The system presented consists of two functionally distinct prototype tools that achieve the independent tasks of autonomous robotic spray pattern control and surface radiation surveying. The first prototype tool presented is a novel, robotic shotcrete spraying tool that is capable of autonomously maintaining and adjusting its circular spray pattern diameter on target surfaces in response to changes in target surface distance. Control algorithms are presented that give the robotic shotcrete spraying tool the capability to produce advanced figure eight and spiral spraying patterns for surface preparation applications that involve spot filling deep surface cracks and pockets. Physical testing of the prototype tool empirically verified its ability to maintain circular spray pattern diameters at various target distances and demonstrated the application potential of the advanced figure eight and spiral spraying patterns. The second prototype tool presented is a Geiger–Müller tube-based radiation detection tool that uses lead shielding and a single-hole collimator in combination with precise robotic positioning to capture localized radiation measurements of surfaces within radiation-rich environments. Physical testing of the prototype tool demonstrated its ability to create radiation survey profiles that distinctly characterized the radiological profile of test target surfaces embedded with various radioactive sources.

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Ataeefard, Maryam, and Sara Khamseh. "Design of conductive pattern on recycled paper." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 5 (2019): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2019-0006.

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Purpose In the current study, the authors prepared conductive nano-structured thin films composed of copper on the surface of the printed paper using a magnetron sputtering system. Furthermore, the printability of conductive films for the sake of re-using printed paper and its additional applications were also investigated. Design/methodology/approach Paper-based electronic devices have been the matter of intense interest because of their easy accessibility, lightweight, low cost, biodegradable, recyclable and ecofriendliness. Furthermore, these devices are inexpensive compared to other substrates. Nowadays, flexible energy and electronic devices made of the paper substrate are receiving a significant interest because of the issue of sustainable energy production from the environment. One of the most reliable techniques for the deposition of thin films and creating conductive patterns on the paper is magnetron sputtering. Findings The printed and coated printed papers were evaluated with X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive (SEM-EDX), four-point probe conductivity and spectroscopic measurements. Practical implications The paper investigates the printability of conductive paper attributable to its second application. Originality/value The authors prepared conductive nanostructured copper-based thin films on the surface of the printed paper. They recovered and reused the paper as a root of raw material due to the environmental issue.

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Yao, Yuan, Wanzhong Chen, Xiaodong Chen, and Junsheng Yu. "Design of Optically Transparent Antenna with Directional Radiation Patterns." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8125432.

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An optically transparent antenna with directional radiation pattern is proposed in this paper. This antenna consists of a radiation patch above the transparent glass substrate and a frequency selective surface acting as the ground of microstrip antenna on the back of the glass. The frequency selective surface (FSS) performs well as ground in the working frequency range to achieve directional radiation pattern. A SMA connector is used to feed the antenna. The antenna can operate at the on-board dedicated short-range communication band from 5.725 GHz to 5.85 GHz. Simulations and measurements are carried out to study the antenna performances in terms of impedance matching, gain, and radiation patterns. Both of the simulation and measurement results are shown to illustrate the good performance of the proposed antenna. It is very suitable for car network communication scene.

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Pääkkönen, Tiina M., Ulla Ojaniemi, Markus Riihimäki, Esa Muurinen, Carey J. Simonson, and Riitta L. Keiski. "Surface Patterning of Stainless Steel in Prevention of Fouling in Heat Transfer Equipment." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.493.

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Fouling of surfaces is a major challenge in design and operation of many industrial heat transfer equipment. Fouling causes significant energy, material and production losses, which increase the environmental impact and decrease economic profitability of processes. Even small improvements in prevention of fouling would lead to significant savings in a wide range of heat transfer applications. In this study, crystallization fouling of aqueous calcium carbonate solutions on a heated stainless steel surface is used to investigate the prevention of fouling in heat transfer equipment by physical surface modifications. Fouling behaviour of different surface patterns are studied experimentally in a laboratory scale fouling test apparatus. CFD modelling is used to study hydrodynamic and thermal conditions near surfaces with different patterns. In addition, the effect of surface pattern on the removal of particles is studied numerically. Surface patterning is found to affect the hydrodynamic and thermal conditions near the wall, and therefore to change the conditions for fouling layer build-up and removal, when compared to a flat heat transfer surface. The most promising surface pattern includes curved shapes, and it seems to create flow conditions in which improved convective heat transfer decreases the driving force for crystallization fouling. In addition, curved surfaces increase the shear forces at the wall, which prevents adhesion of the foulants to the surface and increases resuspension.

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Wan, Muhammad Rusydan Wan Mohd Azam, Leiash Lesairuamin, Shamimi Shaari Nor, Shaari Norazean, Nur Amalina Mohd Halidi Siti, and Faris Abd Manap Muhammad. "FDM 3D PRINTING AS AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF MAKING PATTERN FOR METAL CASTING: A COMPARISON WITH WOOD-BASED PATTERN." Engineering and Technology Journal 8, no. 08 (2023): 2503–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8207338.

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The problem with the wood-based design is that it changes size when it absorbs water, which can make the pattern grow and shrink, and the surface goes away, making it unsuitable for mass production. Plastic is the most common 3D printing raw material, and it can be used to build practically any form of object. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a type of 3D printing prototyping that may be used to make a plastic design for metal casting. In this project, the metal casting product were evaluated by casting quality and surface roughness for both 3D printed- based pattern and wood-based pattern. For the quality of their castings, both generate the same shape based on the dimensions specified by their respective patterns, but both have experienced gas porosity. For the surface roughness produced from the wood-based pattern, an average Ra value of 1.965 micrometres was recorded, while the average Ra value recorded from the 3D Printed-based pattern was 2.357 micrometres. The findings revealed that wood-based pattern produces a slightly better surface than 3D Printed-based pattern, but 3D Printed is still relevant to be used as a pattern because it is more durable and easier to produce with good time consuming.

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Chen, Yanming, and Aixin Feng. "Anti-Ice PMMA Surface Design and Processing." Processes 12, no. 7 (2024): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12071322.

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At low temperatures, PMMA surfaces are prone to ice and frost formation, which presents a significant challenge for PMMA’s efficient application in cold environments due to the difficulty in physically removing the accumulated ice. Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit promising potential in passive anti-icing strategies. To exploit this advantage, we employed femtosecond laser technology to create six distinct microstructured PMMA surfaces, followed by surface modification using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, resulting in enhanced hydrophobic and anti-icing properties. Among the tested structures, a secondary circular dot pattern achieved a remarkable contact angle of 153.7°, prolonging the freezing duration by approximately 40% at −10 °C, and reducing frost accumulation by over 50%. The ice adhesion strength was significantly reduced to 34 kPa. These findings contribute to broadening the applicability of PMMA and advancing the use of superhydrophobic surfaces in anti-icing applications.

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Wei, Yu Qing, and Kyoung Hee Eom. "Case Study of Surface Pattern Design Utilizing MidJourney Expression Techniques." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY DESIGN CULTURE 29, no. 4 (2023): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18208/ksdc.2023.29.4.251.

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Kim, Min Gyeong, Tae Yeol Park, Gyung Yeon Koo, and Seong Won Jeong. "A Study On The Pattern Design Method For Circular Hole Patterns Of The Product Surface." Design Convergence Study 19, no. 6 (2020): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31678/sdc85.5.

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Dinh, The-Hung, Chi-Vinh Ngo, and Doo-Man Chun. "Controlling the Wetting Properties of Superhydrophobic Titanium Surface Fabricated by UV Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser and Heat Treatment." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10 (2018): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8100766.

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In this study, the effects of nanosecond-pulsed laser and pattern design were researched on the wettability of titanium material. Nanosecond-pulsed laser and heat treatment are used to fabricate superhydrophobic titanium surfaces. The effects of laser power (1–3 W) and step size (50–300 µm) on a microscale patterned titanium surface (line pattern and grid pattern) were investigated to explain the relation between microstructure and superhydrophobicity. The surface morphologies and wettability of the surfaces were analyzed by three-dimensional confocal microscopy and a contact angle meter. The results show that the laser power and pattern design affected the apparent contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA). The maximum step size, which could show superhydrophobicity with apparent CA > 150° and SA < 10°, was increased when the laser power increased from 1 to 3 W. Grid pattern showed isotropic wetting behavior, but line pattern showed both isotropic and anisotropic wetting behavior according to step size and laser power. Furthermore, when choosing the proper laser power and step size, the wetting properties of superhydrophobic surface such as lotus effect (apparent CA > 150° and SA < 10°) and petal effect (apparent CA > 150° and no SA) and isotropic/anisotropic behavior can be controlled for applications of water droplet control.

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Moldovan, Edit Roxana, Carlos Concheso Doria, José Luis Ocaña, et al. "Morphological Analysis of Laser Surface Texturing Effect on AISI 430 Stainless Steel." Materials 15, no. 13 (2022): 4580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134580.

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Laser surface texturing (LST) is a method to obtain micro-structures on the material’s surface for improving tribological performances, wetting tuning, surface treatment, and increasing adhesion. The material selected for LST is AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel, distinguished by the low cost in manufacturing, corrosion resistance, and high strength at elevated temperature. The present study addresses the morphology of new pattern designs (crater array, ellipse, and octagonal shapes). The patterns are applied on the stainless-steel surface by a non-contact method with high quality and precision nanosecond pulsed laser equipment. The investigation of laser parameter influence on thermal affected area and micro-structures is accomplished by morphological and elemental analysis (SEM + EDX). The parameters of the laser micro-patterning have a marked influence on the morphology, creating groove-type sections with different depths and recast material features. From the SEM characterization, the highest level of recast material is observed for concentric octagon LST design. Its application is more recommended for the preparation of the metal surface before hybrid welding. Additionally, the lack of the oxygen element in the case of this design suggests the possible use of the pattern in hybrid joining.

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Lu, Yu Shan, Zhi Hui Kou, Jun Wang, and Cheng Yi Zhao. "Design and Fabrication on the Electroplating Polishing Pad with Phyllotactic Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2568.

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The surface texture of polishing pad is a key factor which determines the performance of polishing pad, and by altering the geometrical pattern of polishing pad surface, the surface texture of polished workpiece can be improved. In this paper, based on phyllotaxis theory in biology, the polishing pad with phyllotactic pattern has been designed and the effects of phyllotactic parameters on the surface texture of polishing pad have been discussed. Lastly, the polishing pads with phyllotactic pattern have been made with lithography and composite plating technology, and the influence of correlative plating parameters on plated coating have been investigated. The results indicated that the abrasive grain block density increase with the increasing of the diameter D of abrasive grain block and the decreasing of phyllotactic coefficient k, and the quality of electroplating is optimal when current density is 1A/dm2 and temperature is 30°C.

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Park, Jun, and Seok Kim. "Three-Dimensionally Structured Flexible Fog Harvesting Surfaces Inspired by Namib Desert Beetles." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030201.

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Fog harvesting of the Namib desert beetles has inspired many researchers to design artificial fog harvesting hybrid surfaces, which commonly involve flat hydrophilic patterns on hydrophobic surfaces. However, relatively less interest has been shown in the bumpy topography of the Namib desert beetle’s dorsal surface as well as its curved body shape when designing artificial hybrid surfaces. In this work, we explore a fog harvesting flexible hybrid surface that has a superhydrophilic 3D copper oxide pattern on a hydrophobic rough elastomer background surface enabled by transferring a copper layer from a prepared donor substrate to a receiving elastomer substrate. The water collection rates of the hybrid surface and control samples are measured, and the results reveal the advantages of 3D bumpy structures on a curved shape surface to facilitate fog harvesting, particularly in more unfavorable fog stream conditions. The curved 3D bumpy hybrid surface exhibits an over 16 times higher water collection rate than the flat 2D hybrid surface in the fog stream in parallel to the hybrid surface. This work provides an improved understanding of the role of the Namib desert beetle’s bumpy dorsal surface and curved body shape, and offers an insight into the design of novel surfaces with enhanced fog harvesting performance.

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Li, Xing Shan, Mei Li Shao, Jun Wang, and Yu Shan Lu. "Simulation of the Surface Roughness by End Face Grinding Wheel with Ordered Abrasive Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.898.

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In order to improve the grinding performance of end face grinding wheel, the ordered theory is applied to the design of grinding wheel. Based on the track equation of the end grinding, the effects of grinding parameters on the surface roughness are studied and compared with the workpiece appearance by grinding wheel with different abrasive patterns. The simulation results show that the surface roughness values are lower by the grinding wheel with phyllotactic pattern than other patterns. It will provide theoretical basis for designing abrasive ordered pattern of grinding wheel.

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Lu, Yu Shan, Cheng Yi Zhao, Jun Wang, Yan He, and Zhi Hui Kou. "Design and Fabrication of the Superabrasive Grinding Wheel with Phyllotactic Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2354.

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In order to achieve the controllability of the abrasive arrangement on the working surface of grinding wheel,a new kind of the superabrasive grinding wheel, which has defined abrasive grain cluster pattern, has been designed based on the phyllotaxis theory of biology, and fabricated with UV lithography method and electroplating technology. The analytical results indicate that the phyllotactic parameters influence on the abrasive arrangement configuration on the work surface of the superabrasive grinding wheel, so as to improve grinding performance of the grinding wheel, increasing the diameter of phyllotactic abrasive grain cluster and decreasing phyllotactic coefficient can increases the abrasive grain density of the surperabrasive grinding wheel surface. Electroplating experimental results show that the reasonable electroplating processes can reduce the faults of defined abrasive arrangement on the superabrasive grinding wheel surface.

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Xu, Yan, Fuling Guan, Xian Xu, Hongjian Wang, and Yao Zheng. "Development of a Novel Double-Ring Deployable Mesh Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/375463.

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This paper addresses a type of deployable mesh antenna consisting of the double-ring deployable truss edge frame and the cable net reflector. The structural design concept of the deployable antennas is presented. The deployable truss is designed and the geometric relationship of each strut length is formulated. Two types of radial truss elements are described and compared. The joint pattern and the active cables of the final design concept are determined. The pattern of the cable net is the three-orientation grid. Two connection schemes between the reflector and the deployable edge frame are investigated. The design parameters and the shape adjustment mechanism of this cable net are determined. The measurement test technologies of the antennas on the ground including test facilities, deployment test, and measurement and adjustment test are proposed. The antenna patterns are analyzed based on the real surfaces of the reflector obtained by the reflective surface accuracy measurement. The tests and analytic results indicated that the accuracy of the reflective surface is high and is suitable for low-frequency communication.

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Ali Yasin, Siti Maryam, Hamdzun Haron, Zuliskandar Ramli, Suhaimi Tular, and Hanafi Mohd Raffie. "Translating Traditional Malay Pottery Motifs To Inspire Ceramic Surface Decoration Design." Idealogy Journal 6, no. 2 (2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v6i2.289.

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A particular ceramic product offered by the designers and manufacturers is measured based on its appearance and performance from aesthetic value, design and craftsmanship quality. Products in our daily life play an essential role in bringing us happiness, comfort, convenience and satisfaction to the consumers and buyers. In a Malay community in Malaysia, the Malay Traditional Pottery is one of the Malay arts heritage. Its products used to have a high demand among the locals as well as people from abroad. However, today, demand for Malay Traditional Pottery from the locals has declined significantly. Hence, to improve the product appearance, this study highlights one of the essential factors in ceramic design features, namely surface decoration, by using motifs derived from the Malay Traditional Pottery onto the new contemporary design of the local ceramic products. The surface decoration consists of motifs, patterns, colours, techniques and materials. Surface decoration study would give designers and local ceramic entrepreneurs the product appearance improvement. With such improvements, local ceramic products would become a preferred choice for the consumer’s daily use. This study also aimed to entice the designer to be involved in pattern design and ceramic product surfaces.

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Noordin, Siti Noor Azila, Syaza Abdul Rahim, Verly Veto Vermol, Zuraidy Abd Rahim, and Diana Mohamed Raif. "Designing Ceramic Tureen Surface Pattern through the Influence of Malaysian Batik." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, SI9 (2022): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7isi9.4293.

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Ceramic Tureen refers to the â€˜serving ware' that are widely used in Malaysian community. On the other hand, the surface decoration increases aesthetic value of the â€˜serving ware' especially in promoting the local contexts and meaning. However, this local context design in regard to tureen surface design is being over shadowed by European style and identity design pattern. This study is to associate the tureen with local context design of batik character by introducing batik as an idea to pattern design. Batik pattern design will be applied on the ceramic tureen â€˜serving ware'. Keywords: Surface Pattern, Batik Pattern, Ceramic Tureen eISSN: 2398-4287Â© 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peerâ€“review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI

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Dai, Qingwen, Lei Chen, Jiabao Pan, et al. "Rapid surface texturing to achieve robust superhydrophobicity, controllable droplet impact, and anti-frosting performances." Friction 12, no. 2 (2023): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-023-0757-3.

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AbstractRobust superhydrophobic surfaces with excellent capacities of repelling water and anti-frosting are of importance for many mechanical components. In this work, wear-resistant superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by curing a mixture of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) coating and 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (HFTCS) on titanium alloy (TC4) surfaces decorated with micropillars pattern, thus, composite functional surfaces with PUA coating in the valleys around the micropillars pattern of TC4 were achieved. Apparent contact angle on fabricated surfaces could reach 167°. Influences of the geometric parameters of micropillars pattern on the apparent contact angle were investigated, and the corresponding wear-resistant property was compared. Droplet impact and anti-frosting performances on the prepared surfaces were highlighted. An optimized design of surface texture with robust superhydrophobicity, controllable droplet impact, and anti-frosting performances was proposed. This design principle is of promising prospects for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces in traditional mechanical systems.

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Stasica, Maximilian, Celine Honekamp, Kai Streiling, Olivier Penacchio, Loes van Dam, and André Seyfarth. "Walking on Virtual Surface Patterns Leads to Changed Control Strategies." Sensors 24, no. 16 (2024): 5242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24165242.

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Inclusive design does not stop at removing physical obstacles such as staircases. It also involves identifying architectural features that impose sensory burdens, such as repetitive visual patterns that are known to potentially cause dizziness or visual discomfort. In order to assess their influence on human gait and its stability, three repetitive patterns—random dots, repetitive stripes, and repetitive waves (Lisbon pattern)—were displayed in a coloured and greyscale variant in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The movements of eight participants were recorded using a motion capture system and electromyography (EMG). During all test conditions, a significant increase in the muscular activity of leg flexor muscles was identified just before touchdown. Further, an increase in the activity of laterally stabilising muscles during the swing phase was observed for all of the test conditions. The lateral and vertical centre of mass (CoM) deviation was statistically evaluated using a linear mixed model (LMM). The patterns did cause a significant increase in the CoM excursion in the vertical direction but not in the lateral direction. These findings are indicative of an inhibited and more cautious gait style and a change in control strategy. Furthermore, we quantified the induced discomfort by using both algorithmic estimates and self-reports. The Fourier-based methods favoured the greyscaled random dots over repetitive stripes. The colour metric favoured the striped pattern over the random dots. The participants reported that the wavey Lisbon pattern was the most disruptive. For architectural and structural design, this study indicates (1) that highly repetitive patterns should be used with care in consideration of their impact on the human visuomotor system and its behavioural effects and (2) that coloured patterns should be used with greater caution than greyscale patterns.

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Hickman, James J., Suresh K. Bhatia, Judy N. Quong, et al. "Rational pattern design for in vitro cellular networks using surface photochemistry." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 12, no. 3 (1994): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.578844.

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Wu, Chenguang, Shuwen Chen, Xisheng Gu, et al. "Enhanced and broadband absorber with surface pattern design for X-Band." Current Applied Physics 18, no. 1 (2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2017.10.012.

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Zong, Yali, Baoyan Duan, You Ban, et al. "Surface Configuration Design of Cable-Network Reflectors Considering the Radiation Pattern." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 6 (2014): 3163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2314476.

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Moronuki, Nobuyuki, Hirokazu Tachi, and Yashio Suzuki. "Hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface pattern design for oil repellent function in water." International Journal of Nanomanufacturing 11, no. 1/2 (2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnm.2015.070522.

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Chouhan, Lalit Singh, Avtar K. Raina, V. M. S. R. Murthy, Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri, Edy Tonnizam Mohamad, and Ramesh Murlidhar Bhatawdekar. "Advanced Analysis of Collision-Induced Blast Fragmentation in V-Type Firing Pattern." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 15703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315703.

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The firing pattern of blastholes influences the geometric aspects of a blast design in terms of change in blasting burden and spacing. This in turn changes the effective stiffness of a blasthole and confinement of the explosive and aids in better fragmentation. However, during the blasting, the fragments tend to collide and further fragment the rock. In comparison with other patterns, the V-type firing pattern increases the chances of collision between the fragments during flight. The process is scantly documented and accordingly field experiments were conducted using three firing patterns, viz., line, diagonal, and V-type, in a mine with minor variation in rock factor and minor to moderate changes in blast design variables. Sixteen blast design variables such as burden, spacing, charge per hole, in-hole charge density, etc. along with firing pattern were considered for the analysis and fragmentation modeled with the help of surface response analysis and artificial neural networks. The analysis revealed that there is a significant influence of firing patterns on fragmentation. The V-type pattern showed significant reduction in fragment sizes that can be ascribed to in-flight collision processes. A surface response model was developed using advanced ANOVA and resulted in an adjusted R2 and RMSE of 0.89, 0.025, respectively. Further, modeling with ANN was attempted that showed better results than ANOVA with R2 and RMSE of 0.96 and 0.040 in training, and 0.884 and 0.049 in validation tests. Since, diagonal and V-type patterns have similar design parameters, the reduction in fragment size in the former pattern can be ascribed to the collision of rock fragments during their flight in blasting.

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JI, YANBO, YING WANG, KAIXUAN LIU, et al. "3D interactive design of wedding dress." Industria Textila 74, no. 01 (2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.074.01.2021111.

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Based on the human torso point cloud, this paper proposes a method from the 3D design of the corset to the 2D pattern expansion. The point cloud of the human body is obtained through 3D scanning. The human body model for research is constructed, and the 3D basic style design of the corset is carried out, based on the same style and different structural line design, and through the curved surface flattening platform to convert 3D into 2D patterns. The verification was made through a virtual simulation platform and physical production methods. This study enriches the application prospect of digital technology in clothing design. Our proposed solution provides a more intuitive wedding dress design method and improves fit and comfort. It can significantly reduce the difficulty of wedding pattern-making and improve the efficiency of wedding design. In addition, our proposed method is not only suitable for wedding dress design, but also other styles of clothing design.

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Yoon, Suin, and Haeshin Park. "Development of Surface Pattern Design for Dishware Using Traditional Patterns: Focused on Flower Wall Patterns of Gyeongbokgug Jageyeongjeon." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 9, no. 6 (2018): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.9.6.15.

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Renckens, Maarten. "An Exploratory Study Evaluating the Influence of Taller Stripe Patterns on Reading Comfort Using Ranking Tests, Reading Tests, EEG’s, and Eye Tracking." Visible Language 58, no. 1 (2024): 6–37. https://doi.org/10.34314/w29ewx38.

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The Latin script has a vertical stripe pattern in it, which is known to cause visual discomfort. This study started from the hypothesis that a lower stripe pattern could result in better visual comfort than a taller stripe pattern. I evaluated this hypothesis with several letterforms and their correlating stripe patterns, tested in four independent tests: a ranking test, reading progression, measuring neurological response, and measuring eye movements. The results provide some indications that taller stripe patterns are less comfortable, but those results were mostly outside the range of common letter sizes for reading texts. Also, results for letterforms and plain stripe patterns differed. The results suggest that multiple design parameters influence reading comfort simultaneously, and that ‘the number of design details per surface’ is a design parameter that could play an important role in determining reading comfort. This needs to be evaluated in further studies.

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Liu, Wei, Haiyang Yang, Yuqing Zhou, Ti Zhou, and Huijun Xie. "Study on the Influence Mechanism of Surface Morphology on Wear and Thermal Fatigue Performance of Laser-Treated Bionic Brake Drum." Metals 15, no. 2 (2025): 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020124.

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This study explores the mechanisms underlying the enhanced anti-wear and thermal fatigue performance of laser-treated bionic brake drums, aiming to extend their service life and improve design quality. Bionic brake drums treated with laser patterns—point, stripe, and grid—were tested with semi-metallic, non-asbestos organic (NAO), and ceramic brake pads. A mechanical model was developed to analyze wear performance, and bench tests were conducted to assess wear patterns. Thermal fatigue tests examined the impact of thermal cycling on the treated drums’ wear behavior. The results reveal that laser-treated bionic brake drums significantly outperformed untreated ones in both wear resistance and thermal fatigue. Among the treatments, the grid pattern showed the best wear performance, and thermal fatigue life was improved by 27% for the striped pattern and 38% for the grid pattern. The study concludes that laser treatment effectively enhances both wear resistance and thermal fatigue performance in bionic brake drums, especially for the grid pattern, offering valuable insights for future brake drum design.

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Coetzee, Serena, and Victoria Rautenbach. "A Design Pattern Approach to Cartography with Big Geospatial Data." Cartographic Journal 54, no. 4 (2017): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2017.1400199.

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Zhao, Jun, and Lin Wu Song. "Pattern and Direction Based Smoothing Methods for Surfaces Modeling of Integral Impeller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.464.

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Integral impeller is a key part of engine, and its 3D modeling of the blade is difficult in the impeller design, which is also an important factor that affects engine performance. Aimed at improving the poorer quality of blade surface machined by five-axis NC machining center, the smoothing methods in which curves and surfaces are accordingly divided into different pattern and direction are presented on the basis of UG. Smoothing results of the surface modeling and the quality of integral impeller blade in actual machining are increased significantly. The experiment shows that the method is convenient and effective to improve blade surface quality and meet the demand of practical engineering.

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