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Journal articles on the topic 'Surface roughness characteristics (Ra and Rz)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Geier, Norbert, and Csongor Pereszlai. "Analysis of Characteristics of Surface Roughness of Machined CFRP Composites." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 1 (2019): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.14436.

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Measuring and characterizing of surface roughness of machined surfaces of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are difficult due to the occurrence of special surface damages (delamination, uncut fibers, fiber pull-outs or micro-cracks, etc.). The main objective of the present study is to analyze the characteristics of surface roughness of machined unidirectional CFRP in detail. Numerous conventional drilling, helical milling, and edge trimming experiments were carried out with different cutting tools in order to analyze the influence of them on the average surface roughness (Ra),

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2

Najm, Sherwan Mohammed, and Imre Paniti. "Predict the Effects of Forming Tool Characteristics on Surface Roughness of Aluminum Foil Components Formed by SPIF Using ANN and SVR." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 22, no. 1 (2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-020-00434-5.

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AbstractIn the present work, multiple forming tests were conducted under different forming conditions by Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). In which surface roughness, arithmetical mean roughness (Ra) and the ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of AlMn1Mg1 sheet were experimentally measured. Also, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to predict the (Ra) and (Rz) by adopting the data collected from 108 components that were formed by SPIF. Forming tool characteristics played a key role in all the predictions and their effect on the final product surface roughness. In the aim to explore th

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3

Rao, Ch Maheswara, K. Venkatasubbaiah, and K. Jagadeeswara Rao. "Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness Characteristics Ra, Rq and Rz." International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology 9, no. 7 (2016): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijhit.2016.9.7.34.

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4

Fedai, Yusuf, and Hediye Kirli Akin. "Optimization of machining parameters in face milling using multi-objective Taguchi technique." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 2 (2018): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180201125123.

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In this research, the effect of machining parameters on the various surface roughness characteristics (arithmetic average roughness (Ra), root mean square average roughness (Rq) and average maximum height of the profile (Rz)) in the milling of AISI 4140 steel were experimentally investigated. Depth of cut, feed rate, cutting speed and the number of insert were considered as control factors; Ra, Rz and Rq were considered as response factors. Experiments were designed considering Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Multi signal-to-noise ratio was calculated for the response variables simultaneously. An

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5

Mane, Sandip, Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil, Anindita Roy, Pritesh Shah, and Ravi Sekhar. "Analysis of the Surface Quality Characteristics in Hard Turning Under a Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment." Applied Mechanics 6, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6010005.

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This paper analyzes the surface quality characteristics, such as arithmetic average roughness (Ra), maximum peak-to-valley height (Rt), and average peak-to-valley height (Rz), in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel using a (TiN/TiCN/Al2O3) coated carbide insert under a minimal cutting fluid environment (MCFA). MCFA, a sustainable high-velocity pulsed jet technique, reduces harmful effects on human health and the environment while improving machining performance. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array was used to conduct the experiments. The findings showed that surface roughness increases with feed rate,

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Haluzíková, B., Jan Valíček, P. Škubala, et al. "Identification of Surface Quality of Plastic Electrodes after Blasting." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.71.

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Nowadays, plastics have become one of the most demanded materials, replacing the traditional ones such as metals. Therefore, many companies are concerned with the production of plastics, with their distribution and innovation development. Plastics have found utility in a wide range of applications, we use them every day. Measurement of surface roughness of plastic moldings produced by the injection molding process was carried out by a contact profilometer Mitutoyo Surftest SJ401. A reason for this measurement is to obtain information about surface roughness. For further technical adjustment is

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7

Hutyrová, Zuzana, Marta Harničarová, Jozef Zajac, Jan Valíček, and Jozef Mihok. "Experimental Study of Surface Roughness of Wood Plastic Composites after Turning." Advanced Materials Research 856 (December 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.108.

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In this study, surface characteristics of the samples of experimentally manufactured woodplastic composites (WPC) were determined. Turning process was used to produce surfaces by removing material from a rotating workpiece. For turning, the rotation speed, feed, and depth of cut determine the rate of material removal and resulting surface quality. The surface roughness is one of the most important factor affecting coating performance of the WPCs. Parameters of surface roughness (final micro-geometric characteristics Ra, Rz) of the samples was determined using a stylus-type profilometer Surftes

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8

Khare, Sanchit Kumar, Piyush Gulati, Jaiinder Preet Singh, and G. S. Phull. "Effect of High Speed Machining on Surface Roughness Characteristics R_a, R_q, R_Z." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001271.

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Today’s machining industries experience a variety of challenges, but achieving high quality in terms of dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and production rate is their key concern. An effort has been made in the current study to investigate the impact of HSM process parameters on different Surface Roughness characteristics Ra, Rq, and Rz. The trials were conducted on Ti-6Al-4V, a material that finds extensive use in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries. Depth of cut, feed rate, cutting speed, and step over were taken into account as HSM inputs for the experiment. Similar to

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9

Kraemer Fernandez, Pablo, Alexey Unkovskiy, Viola Benkendorff, Andrea Klink, and Sebastian Spintzyk. "Surface Characteristics of Milled and 3D Printed Denture Base Materials Following Polishing and Coating: An In-Vitro Study." Materials 13, no. 15 (2020): 3305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153305.

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(1) Background: To date, no information on the polishability of milled and 3D-printed complete denture bases has been provided, which is relevant in terms of plaque accumulation. (2) Methods: three groups (n = 30) were manufactured using the cold-polymerization polymethilmethacrilate, milling (SM) and 3D printing (AM). 10 specimens of each group were left untreated (reference). 10 more specimens were pre-polished (intermediate polishing) and 10 final specimens were highgloss polished. An additional 20 specimens were 3D printed and coated with the liquid resin (coated), 10 of which were additio

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10

Karkalos, Nikolaos E., Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, and Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański. "Evaluation of the Feasibility of the Prediction of the Surface Morphologiesof AWJ-Milled Pockets by Statistical Methods Based on Multiple Roughness Indicators." Surfaces 7, no. 2 (2024): 340–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7020021.

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Improvement of the surface quality of machined parts is essential in order to avoid excessive and costly post-processing. Although non-conventional processes can efficiently carry out the machining of difficult-to-cut materials with high productivity, they may also, for various reasons, be related to increased surface roughness. In order to optimize the surface quality of generated surfaces in a reliable way, surface profiles obtained during these processes must be adequately modeled. However, given that most studies have focused on Ra or Rz indicators or are based on the assumption of a norma

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11

Vasiliu, Roxana-Diana, Sorin-Daniel Porojan, Mihaela-Ionela Bîrdeanu, Ion-Dragoș Uțu, and Liliana Porojan. "The Effect of Thermocycling and Surface Treatments on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Three Heat-Pressed Ceramics Systems." Crystals 10, no. 3 (2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030160.

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Dental ceramic restorations are widely used in restorative dentistry. However, these restorations can be affected once cemented in the oral cavity by several factors. How can conventional surface treatments, such as glazing and mechanical polishing, diminish the effects of aging? The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling and conventional surface treatments on the surface roughness and microhardness of three types of glass-ceramics by using a profilometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and a microhardness tester. Three ty

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12

Felhő, Csaba, Krisztina Kun-Bodnár, and Zsolt Maros. "Comparison of 2D and 3D Surface Roughness Parameters of AlMgSi0.5 Aluminium Alloy Surfaces Machined by Abrasive Waterjet." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 9, no. 3 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9030080.

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The use of 3D roughness parameters is increasingly gaining ground in various areas of engineering, especially in academic research. In many cases, however, these studies primarily cover the illustration of the character of the surfaces, the interpretation of areal numerical roughness values is often disputed. The goal of this paper is to examine how the 2D and 3D roughness parameters change in the case of anisotropic surfaces, such as surfaces cut with an abrasive water jet. For this purpose, abrasive water jet cutting experiments were performed on AlMgSi0.5 aluminum alloy using different tech

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13

Żak, Krzysztof. "Cutting Mechanics and Surface Finish for Turning with Differently Shaped CBN Tools." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 3 (2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2017-0021.

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Abstract In this paper, the basic cutting characteristics such as cutting forces, cutting power and its distribution, specific cutting energies were determined taking into account variable tool corner radius ranging from 400 to 1200 µm and constant cutting parameters typical for hard turning of a hardened 41Cr4 alloy steel of 55±1 HRC hardness. Finish turning operations were performed using chamfered CBN tools. Moreover, selected roughness profiles produced for different tool corner radius were compared and appropriate surface roughness parameters were measured. The measured values of Ra and R

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14

Penyashki, Todor, Georgi Kostadinov, Mara Kandeva, et al. "Study of the Influence of Coating Roughness on the Properties and Wear Resistance of Electrospark Deposited Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy." Tribology in Industry 46, no. 1 (2024): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/ti.1508.06.23.08.

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The present work is concerned with studying surface parameters of coatings deposited to titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by electrospark deposition (ESD) with hard alloy depositing electrodes based on WC, TiC and TiCN. The variation of roughness parameters, composition, structure and tribological characteristics of coatings as a function of ESD mode parameters was investigated. The influence of the mode parameters on the main coating roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rmax, Rpk, Rk, Rs, Rsk, Rku (ISO 21920-2:2021) was analysed, the values of which can be used to determine the load bearing capacity and wear r

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15

Sharma, Vishal S., Neeraj Sharma, Gurraj Singh, Munish Kumar Gupta, and Gurminder Singh. "Optimization of WEDM Parameters While Machining Biomedical Materials Using EDAS-PSO." Materials 16, no. 1 (2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010114.

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In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the influence of process parameters of the wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) process on the machining characteristics. The commercially pure titanium is machined by WEDM using brass wire as an electrode. The input parameters in this work were pulse on-time (Aon), pulse off-time (Aoff), servo voltage (SV) and wire tension (WT). On the other hand, dimensional accuracy (DA), average surface roughness (Ra) and maximum surface roughness (Rz) were chosen as the response parameters. The empirical relations developed for response characteri

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16

Jarusombuti, Songklod, Nadir Ayrilmis, Piyawade Bauchongkol, and Vallayuth Fueangvivat. "Surface characteristics and overlaying properties of MDF panels made from thermally treated rubberwood fibers." BioResources 5, no. 2 (2010): 968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.2.968-978.

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The objectives of this research were to investigate surface characteristics and overlaying properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels, as affected by thermal treatment of the fibers. MDF panels were manufactured from untreated rubberwood fibers and fibers treated at three different temperatures (120, 150, or 180°C) for 15 or 30 min. Contact angle measurements were obtained by using a goniometer connected with a digital camera and computer system. Roughness measurements, average roughness (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz), and maximum roughness (Ry), were taken from the sanded sam

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17

Chen, C. M., and C. H. Sun. "A Study of Surface Characteristics of Flank Lock Type Precision Locknut Under a Vertical Installation." Journal of Mechanics 34, no. 1 (2016): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2016.15.

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AbstractThe study attempted to observe the surface characteristics of the flank lock type precision locknut which was assembled in a vertical type and operates under different tightening speed. The speed setting was in according with the specifications of 4rpm, 6rpm and 8rpm conditions to set up this experiment. A type of 2TML lubricant was used. The experiment investigated the surface characteristics of a locknut, including contact surface flatness, contact surface roughness, and thread surface roughness before and after the designed test. According to the contact surface flatness of the lock

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18

Büyüksarı, Ümit, and Hüseyin Akkılıç. "Surface characteristics of particleboard produced from hydro-thermally treated wheat stalks." BioResources 15, no. 4 (2020): 7648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.7648-7659.

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Surface characteristics were studied for particleboards produced from hydro-thermally treated (HTT) and non-treated (NT) wheat stalk (WS). Wood and wheat stalk particles were used as experimental materials. The wheat stalk particles were subjected to HTT at a temperature of 180 °C for 8 minutes in a steam explosion machine. HTT and NT WS particles were added at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% to the wood particles. The surface roughness and wettability of the produced panels were determined. The roughness measurements, average roughness (Ra), maximum roughness (Rmax), and mean peak-to-valley height (Rz

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19

Laskowska, Agnieszka, Karolina Lipska, Teresa Kłosińska, Anna Piwek, and Piotr Boruszewski. "Surface Property Differences of European Larch Sapwood and Heartwood After Sanding." Coatings 15, no. 7 (2025): 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070860.

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The sapwood and heartwood of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) are both used in industrial applications, but they differ in structure and composition, which may lead to surface property differences. This study compared their surface characteristics (on radial and tangential sections) after sanding with aluminium oxide papers of four grit sizes (P60, P120, P180, P240). Surface roughness (Ra, Rz), wettability (contact angle with two reference liquids: water and diiodomethane, 3 and 30 s after droplet deposition), surface free energy, and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) were analysed. Microscop

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20

Kónya, Gábor, Béla Csorba, Norbert Szabó, and Zsolt F. Kovács. "The Effects of Cutting Parameters on Cutting Force and Tribological Properties of Machined Surface Under Dry Turning of AISI304L Austenitic Stainless Steel." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 8, no. 6 (2024): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8060257.

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In this study, the effects of cutting speed and feed rate on the roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rsk, Rku, Rpk, Rvk, and A2 were examined during machining with coated carbide tools in a dry environment. The authors introduced the Rvk/Rpk ratio, a coefficient that facilitates a simpler evaluation of surface wear resistance. Specifically, if this ratio is greater than 1, the surface is more wear-resistant, while values less than 1 indicate a higher tendency for surface wear. The Taguchi OA method was used to analyze and identify the significance of technological parameters on output characteristics

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21

Zhou, Zhenfeng, Xu Sun, Yanzhen Yang, and Yongjian Fu. "A Study on Using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing with a 6-Axis Robot to Polish the Internal Surface Finishing of Curved Tubes." Coatings 13, no. 7 (2023): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071179.

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This study proposed a new magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) method, in which a 6-axis robot with a magnetic machining tool was used to polish the inner surfaces of curved tubes. We have also developed a magnetic machining tool jig, which can be fixed at the front of the 6-axis robot, rotating freely and suitable for polishing the inner surfaces of curved tubes. In this study, we focused on investigating the machining parameters in the initial machining stage and precision finishing stage. Based on the characteristics of machining parameters, a multi-stage MAF process was conducted to obtain an

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22

Maros, Zsolt, Csaba Felhő, Zoltán Vass, and Mária B. Maros. "Application of 2D-3D Surface Geometrical Features in Tribological Analysis of Ceramics and Ceramic Layers." Materials Science Forum 812 (February 2015): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.812.435.

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Microgeometrical characteristics of the surface of engineering components operating in wear condition are important features influencing the wear process of the tribological system. Beside the widely used common 2D roughness parameters – e.g. the Ra, arithmetical mean roughness, Rz, ten point mean roughness, or Rmr, material ratio, etc. – the 3D roughness features (Sa, Sz Smr) provide potentially new means for geometrical description of the operating surfaces. Our paper aims at contributing an overview on the available 2D and 3D features, giving their definition and their potential use in mult

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23

Bąk, Mariusz, Sylwia Wencel, and Paweł Wieczorek. "Characteristics of the Side Surfaces and Edges of Welded Wire Meshes Used in the Construction of Welded Slotted Screens." Materials 16, no. 20 (2023): 6701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16206701.

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Welded resistance slotted screens, also known as slotted screens, are a special type of screen primarily used for the filtration and separation of liquids and dust. They are characterized by slots with parallel geometry and precisely defined sizes. The quality of the side surfaces and edges of welded wires determines the durability of the slotted screens made from them. This article presents the results of tests for four types of wires: two types of working profile wires made from austenitic-ferritic steel (duplex) and two types of supporting cross wires made from ferritic steel. The wire surf

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24

Martikáň, Anton, Andrej Czán, Michal Šajgalík, Mário Drbúl, and Tatiana Czánová. "Analysis And Design Of ADPCM System." Technological Engineering 12, no. 1 (2015): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2015-0003.

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Abstract In this paper, roughness characteristics as Ra and Rz are observed and their changes regarding to different tool rotation speed without feed, using carbide tool in process of hard machining. By experiments it is shown that, with higher tool revolutions and cutting speed, turning with helical cutting edge yields higher surface quality. Furthermore, during experiments it was proved that it is possible to use carbide tools in hard machining. Results of this paper show that rotational turning has a high potential to become an efficient alternative to hard turning, especially when it comes

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25

Klimecka-Tatar, D. "Electrochemical Characteristics of Titanium for Dental Implants in Case of the Electroless Surface Modification." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (2016): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0156.

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AbstractIn the paper the results of research under effect of electroless phosphate coating of titanium dental implants on potentiokinetic polarization characteristic obtained in artificial saliva were presented. On the basis of electrochemical studies it was concluded that the electroless process of phosphating beneficialy effect on corrosion characteristic of titanium determined in solution simulating the oral cavity. Furthermore, the proposed technique of chemical treatment of titanium surface is conducive to the homogeneous development of the surface, which is extremely important from the p

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26

Monkova, Katarina. "Surface Roughness Characteristics of Polyamide APA after the Turning by Unconventional Cutting Tool." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.263.

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The article deals with surface roughness characteristics of polyamide APA after the turning by tool with linear cutting edge. The experiment was centred on the obtaining of Ra and Rz dependences on both cutting speed and feed per revolution concurrently. Polyamide APA allows the production of very large structural and semi-structural parts for automotive and non-automotive applications including interior, exterior and under-the-hood applications. It also allows reducing the total cost of production, especially for lower volume parts. Therefore, the authors deals with the possibility to work th

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27

Katagiri, Takeru, Sogo Kodama, Kotaro Kawahara, Kazuki Umemoto, Takanori Miyoshi, and Tadachika Nakayama. "Response Characteristics of Pressure-Sensitive Conductive Elastomer Sensors Using OFC Electrode with Triangular Wave Concavo-Convex Surfaces." Sensors 24, no. 7 (2024): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072349.

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The sensor response of pressure-sensitive conductive elastomers using polymeric materials can be adjusted by altering the type and quantity of fillers used during manufacturing. Another method involves modifying the surface shape of the elastomer. This study investigates the sensor response by altering the surface shape of an electrode using a readily available pressure-sensitive conductive elastomer. By employing an oxygen-free copper electrode with a flat surface (with surface roughness parameters Ra = 0.064 μm and Rz = 0.564 μm) as a baseline, we examined the sensor system’s characteristics

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28

Madaan, Vishwas, Ashvini M. Padhye, and Manjeet Mapara. "Comparative Evaluation of Microroughness created on Titanium Alloy for use in Dental Implants subjected to Two Different Acid Etching Techniques: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1134.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the microroughness created on titanium alloy for use in dental implants subjected to two different acid etching techniques. Materials and Methods Commercially available grade 5 pure titanium plates were machine prepared into 26 plates measuring 3 × 1 cm × 5 mm for acid etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and dual acid etching technique using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) followed by hydrochloric acid (HCl). Twenty-five plates were divided into four groups based on the duration and sequence of acid etching. Upon completion of the acid etc

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29

Kyrychok, Petro, and Dmytro Paliukh. "Construction of a physical-mechanical model of reinforcing microrelief formation on profiled strips made of AISI 1005 and AISI 347 steels considering surface topology." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 1 (135) (2025): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2025.331742.

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This study’s object is the process that forms a strengthening microrelief on the surface of profiled folding plates made of AISI 1005 and AISI 347 steels through localized indentation using a spherical indenter made of a diamond-based composite material. The principal hypothesis of the study posits that the implementation of a controlled surface texturing process enables the formation of a stable microrelief with predefined geometric characteristics. Achieving this requires establishing the regularities of microrelief formation depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the materia

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30

Hlaváčová, Irena M., Marek Sadílek, Petra Váňová, Štefan Szumilo, and Martin Tyč. "Influence of Steel Structure on Machinability by Abrasive Water Jet." Materials 13, no. 19 (2020): 4424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194424.

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Although the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) has been widely used for steel cutting for decades and there are hundreds of research papers or even books dealing with this technology, relatively little is known about the relation between the steel microstructure and the AWJ cutting efficiency. The steel microstructure can be significantly affected by heat treatment. Three different steel grades, carbon steel C45, micro-alloyed steel 37MnSi5 and low-alloy steel 30CrV9, were subjected to four different types of heat treatment: normalization annealing, soft annealing, quenching and quenching followed by te

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Mizugaki, Yoshio, Kazuki Takafuji, and Koichi Kikkawa. "Experimental Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys in Dry End Milling." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.714.

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This paper describes the cutting characteristics of aluminum alloys in dry end milling experimentally. The tested materials are A1050, A2017, A2024, A5025 and A7075. The cutter is a flat end mill of Co-cemented High Speed Steel with the diameter of 20 mm. Through the experimental results of side milling, the following three aspects have been found out. Firstly, as to the machining error, A1050 showed smaller machining error than 15 μm in the cutting speed rage from 62.8 m/min to 251.3 m/min. Other Aluminum alloys showed greater values. Secondly, as to the cutting force, those of aluminum alloy

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Sykora, Jindrich, Michael Sedlmajer, Tim Schubert, et al. "Additive Manufacturing of WC-Co Specimens with Internal Channels." Materials 16, no. 11 (2023): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16113907.

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Most material removal in modern manufacturing is currently performed using tools with indexable inserts. Additive manufacturing allows for the creation of new, experimental insert shapes and, more importantly, internal structures, such as channels for coolant. This study deals with developing a process for efficiently manufacturing WC-Co specimens with internal coolant channels with a focus on obtaining a suitable microstructure and surface finish, especially inside the channels. The first part of this study covers the development of process parameters to achieve a microstructure without crack

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Leleń, Michał, Katarzyna Biruk-Urban, Jerzy Józwik, and Paweł Tomiło. "Modeling and Machine Learning of Vibration Amplitude and Surface Roughness after Waterjet Cutting." Materials 16, no. 19 (2023): 6474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196474.

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This study focused on analyzing vibrations during waterjet cutting with variable technological parameters (speed, vfi; and pressure, pi), using a three-axis accelerometer from SEQUOIA for three different materials: aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and steel. Difficult-to-machine materials often require specialized tools and machinery for machining; however, waterjet cutting offers an alternative. Vibrations during this process can affect the quality of cutting edges and surfaces. Surface roughness was measured by contact methods after waterjet cutting. A machine learning (ML) model was develope

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Pham, Khoa Van. "Alteration in surface roughness of reciprocating endodontic instruments." F1000Research 10 (September 1, 2021): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55443.1.

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Background: Surface roughness is one of the most important characteristics of endodontic instruments, correlating to instrument fracture. The purpose of this study was to measure the surface roughness values of these instruments before and after resin root canal preparation without previous glide path preparation, with the new method. Data was obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM) combined with independent ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). Methods: A total of 20 simulated J-shape resin blocks with a radius of 4.5 mm, length of 16 mm, and angle of inflectio

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D, Sridevi, Nagaraju B, and Maheswara Rao Ch. "Influence of Wire EDM Parameters on the Multiple Performance Characteristics using TOPSIS." Journal of Recent Activities in Production 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3359536.

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The present work is to explore the influence of wire electro discharge machining (EDM) process parameters on the multiple performance characteristics of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness characteristics (Ra and Rz). A number of controlled experiments were done on a medium carbon steel EN8 using CNC wire EDM machine. Taguchi’s standard L18 orthogonal array (OA) has been followed for conducting the experiments. The optimal setting of process parameters was analysed by employing entropy method coupled with technique of order preference similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) a

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Fano, L., V. Fano, W. Y. Ma, and X. G. Wang. "Structure of Dental Resin-Based Adhesive Materials." Materials Science Forum 492-493 (August 2005): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.492-493.183.

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This study aimed to show that the polymerization contraction of dental light cured resin-based materials, when it was used as adhesives on hard substrate, produces voids at the material/substrate interface. Two liner/base systems, one glass-ionomer, one restorative composite resins and two compomers were cured using mirror-like glass slide as a compliance-free reference substrate. The adhesive surface was analyzed by atomic force microscopy, and the polymerization contraction of bulk material was tested by laser beam scanning method. Nanoperiodic structure of 3D images, section analysis and ro

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Unalan Degirmenci, Beyza, Alperen Degirmenci, and Zelal Seyfioglu Polat. "The Influence of Thermocycling and Ultraviolet Aging on Surface Characteristics and the Repair Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Resin Nanoceramics." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 16, no. 5 (2025): 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16050156.

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Background: The durability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin nanoceramics in the oral environment is influenced by aging factors such as thermocycling and ultraviolet (UV) exposure. This study investigates the impact of these aging processes on surface characteristics and repair bond strength. Methods: CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic samples were divided into the following five groups: control (non-aged), 1-year and 5-year thermocycling, and 1-year and 5-year UV aging (n = 12). For the thermocycling procedure, the parameters employed were a temperature range of 5–

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Rizo-Gorrita, María, Irene Luna-Oliva, María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo, and Daniel Torres-Lagares. "Superficial Characteristics of Titanium after Treatment of Chorreated Surface, Passive Acid, and Decontamination with Argon Plasma." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 9, no. 4 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb9040071.

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(1) Background. Titanium is characterized by its biocompatibility, resistance to maximum stress, and fatigue and non-toxicity. The composition, surface structure, and roughness of titanium have a key and direct influence on the osseointegration processes when it is used in the form of dental implants. The objective of the present study is to characterize, at chemical, superficial, and biological levels, the result of the application of the sandblasted with large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) treatment consisting of coarse-grained and double-passivated acid blasting with subsequent decontamination

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Güneş, Aydın, Ömer Sinan Şahin, Hayrettin Düzcükoğlu, et al. "Optimization Study on Surface Roughness and Tribological Behavior of Recycled Cast Iron Reinforced Bronze MMCs Produced by Hot Pressing." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123364.

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Surface roughness reflects the quality of many operational parameters, namely service life, wear characteristics, working performance and tribological behavior of the produced part. Therefore, tribological performance is critical for the components used as tandem parts, especially for the MMCs (Metal Matrix Composites) which are a unique class of materials having extensive application areas such as aerospace, aeronautics, marine engineering and the defense industry. Current work covers the optimization study of production parameters for surface roughness and tribological indicators of newly pr

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Karimbaev, Ruslan, Seimi Choi, Young-Sik Pyun, and Auezhan Amanov. "Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Cladded AISI 1045 Carbon Steel." Materials 13, no. 4 (2020): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040859.

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This study introduces a newly developed cladding device, through printing AISI 1045 carbon steel as single and double layers onto American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) H13 tool steel plate. In this study, the mechanical and tribological characteristics of single and double layers were experimentally investigated. Both layers were polished first and then subjected to ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment to improve the mechanical and tribological characteristics. Surface roughness, surface hardness and depth profile measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) an

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Giti, Rashin, Shima Dabiri, Mohammad Motamedifar, and Reza Derafshi. "Surface roughness, plaque accumulation, and cytotoxicity of provisional restorative materials fabricated by different methods." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249551.

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Fabricating method may affect the surface properties and biological characteristics of provisional restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness, plaque accumulation, and cytotoxicity of provisional restorative materials fabricated by the conventional, digital subtractive and additive methods. Sixty-six bar-shaped specimens (2×4×10 mm) were fabricated by using provisional restorative materials through the conventional, digital subtractive and additive methods (n = 22 per group). Ten specimens of each group were used for surface roughness and plaque accumulation tests, 10 spe

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Mordanov, Oleg, Zurab Khabadze, Roman Meremkulov, and Anastasia Mordanova. "EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL AGING ON THE CHANGE OF ROUGHNESS OF GLAZED AND POLISHED ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE SURFACE: IN VITRO STUDY." Actual problems in dentistry 19, no. 4 (2024): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2023-19-4-131-135.

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Aim: to evaluate the characteristics of glazed and polished surface during hydrothermal aging using different types of zirconium dioxide.  Materials and Methods. The same standardized samples from different types of zirconium dioxide with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 1 mm were used for all experiments. These types included Katana (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan) HTML (control) UTML, STML, and ZirCAD Prime (Ivoclar Vivadent). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the roughness and to visualize the surface morphology of the samples. The Bruker Innova instrument wa

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Chen, Yongjun, and Tubing Yin. "Digital Fracture Surface Morphology and Statistical Characteristics of Granite Brazilian Tests after Non-Steady-State Thermal Disturbance." Mathematics 12, no. 5 (2024): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12050670.

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With the widespread advent of digital technologies, traditional perspectives in rock mechanics research are poised for further expansion. This paper presents a Brazilian test conducted on granite after non-steady-state thermal disturbance at 25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C, with detailed documentation of the damage process and failure response using an acoustic emission (AE) apparatus and a digital image correlation (DIC) system. Subsequently, utilizing point cloud data captured by a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning system, a digital reconstruction of the failed specimen’s fracture surf

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Trnková, Kateřina, and Nele Tschense. "Structure and function of biological soil crusts from Antarctica with a special respect to their microtopography and UV-B sensitivity." Czech Polar Reports 9, no. 2 (2019): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2019-2-20.

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Although an extensive professional literature exists on biological soil crusts (BSCs), especially on the species composition of hetero- and autotrophs forming the micro-biological comunity, micromorphological information on BSCs is extremely scarce. In our study, we focused on microstructure of the BSCs from the James Ross Island (Antarctica). We combined the approach of digital microscopy to study surface roughness of the BSCs with taxonomy of BSC-forming autotrophs and chlorophyll fluorescence study focused on the photosynthetic functioning of BSCs when exposed to controlled UV-B stress. Mic

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Rajamani, D., Aiman Ziout, E. Balasubramanian, R. Velu, Salunkhe Sachin, and Hussein Mohamed. "Prediction and analysis of surface roughness in selective inhibition sintered high-density polyethylene parts: A parametric approach using response surface methodology–grey relational analysis." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (2018): 168781401882099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018820994.

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Selective inhibition sintering (SIS) process intends to produce near-net-shape components through sintering of specific region of powder particles. The prediction of surface quality in SIS parts is a challenging task due to its complex part building mechanism and influence of abundant process parameters. Therefore, this study investigates the key contributing parameters such as layer thickness, heater energy, heater feedrate and printer feedrate on the surface quality characteristics ( Ra, Rz and Rq) of high-density polyethylene specimens fabricated through selective inhibition sintering proce

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Mohammadi, Hossein, H. Bogac Poyraz, Deepak Ravindra, and John A. Patten. "An Experimental Study on Single Point Diamond Turning of an Unpolished Silicon Wafer via Micro-Laser Assisted Machining." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.175.

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Single Pointe Diamond Turning (SPDT) of silicon can be an extremely abrasive process due to the hardness of this material. In this research SPDT is coupled with the micro-laser assisted machining (μ-LAM) technique to machine an unpolished single crystal silicon (Si) wafer. Si is increasingly being used for industrial applications as it is hard, strong, inert, light weight and has great optical and electrical properties. Manufacturing this material without causing surface and subsurface damage is extremely challenging due to its high hardness, brittle characteristics and poor machinability. How

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Park, Ji-Young, Seung-Gwon Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Jong-Hun Park, and Su-Hyun Kim. "Prediction of 5-Axis Machining Characteristics of KP4 Material and Optimization of Tool Tilt Angle Using Deep Learning-Based CNN Machine Learning Model." Society for Standards Certification and Safety 15, no. 1 (2025): 61–77. https://doi.org/10.34139/jscs.2025.15.1.61.

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In the production of products demanding high machining precision, such as precision molds, the application of 5-axis high-speed machining technology is essential to ensure superior cutting surface characteristics. In particular, optimizing the tool tilt angle—a critical variable determining the quality of the machined surface during 5-axis high-speed machining—is of utmost importance. However, quantitatively analyzing the effects of tool tilt angles on machining characteristics and establishing these as standardized process criteria have faced significant limitations. Therefore, this study con

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Çiçekler, Mustafa, and Ahmet Tutuş. "CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS (CNF) AND CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC) AS HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILLERS IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL, OPTICAL, AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED NEWSPAPER." TURKISH JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE 9, no. 1 (2025): 122–40. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1587158.

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The increasing focus on sustainability and waste reduction has led to significant interest in recycling paper products. This study investigates the use of two types of nanocellulose (CNF and CNC) as filler materials in the production of recycled newspaper. The aim is to evaluate the effects of these nanocelluloses on the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of the recycled newspaper (ONP). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, burst strength, and tear resistance were measured to determine the material’s durability. Optical properties, including brightness, whiteness, and yello

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Mitani, Andromachi, Vasiliki Kamperidou, and Paschalina Terzopoulou. "Surface Treatment of Oak Wood with Silica Dioxide Nanoparticles and Paraloid B72." Forests 15, no. 11 (2024): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15111842.

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Wood is a valuable material with incomparable advantages, though it is susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors action that affect it adversely and shorten its service life. In the current study, the surface modification of oak wood is carried out through brief immersion in a solution of acrylic polymer Paraloid B72, in which silica dioxide nanoparticles in the form of nanopowder were dissolved at different contents (1, 2, 3, and 4% w/v of the solution) aiming at the elimination of wood material hygroscopicity, and the protection and improvement of other properties. Specifically, the modified

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Kurpiel, Szymon, Krzysztof Zagórski, Jacek Cieślik, Krzysztof Skrzypkowski, and Amandyk Tuleshov. "Evaluation of the Surface Topography and Deformation of Vertical Thin-Wall Milled Samples from the Nickel Alloy Inconel 625." Materials 17, no. 2 (2024): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020295.

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During the production of components, manufacturers of structures are obliged to meet certain requirements and ensure appropriate quality characteristics. It is especially important during the manufacturing of thin-walled structures, which are subject to many errors during machining due to the reduced rigidity of the products, including the deformation of thin walls, which may be the result of the vibration of the system. The appearance of vibrations reduces the quality of the machined surface affecting the increase in the values of surface topography parameters—waviness and roughness. Thin-wal

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