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Kambhampati, Patanjali. "Adsorbate-substrate charge transfer excited states /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Lamble, G. M. "Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies of chlorine and caesium adsorbed on silver single crystal surfaces." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380102.
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Lawson, Glenn E. "The effects of evaporation rate, solvent, and substrate on the surface segregation of block copolymers." Thesis, This resource online, 1985. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-041008/.
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Sharma, Narayan. "Solution Processable Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Substrate." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434375587.
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Al-Mulla, Talal. "Rational manipulation of substrate-supported graphene by heterogeneity of substrate surface and material composition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109645.
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Thesis: S.M. in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-104).<br>In many graphene-based devices graphene is adhered to a substrate that influences its performance, rather than being present in a free standing form. The interaction of graphene with these substrates can lead to deformations that give rise to out-of-plane architectures with new properties such as superhydrophobicity, opened electronic band gap, and higher in-plane rigidity. Earlier experiments and simulations with graphene-substrate interfaces demonstrating reversible and repeatable stacking of out-of-plane buckled graphene to create ridges, which are stacked protrusions of graphene, warrant a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms of graphene ridge formation, especially for design of tailored nanostructures. Ridges are created through substrate-mediated compression of graphene, therefore, these ridges should be related to the graphene-substrate interface. It is unknown what the direct effect of the substrate on ridge formation is besides the work done studying graphene's mechanical response to compression. It is necessary to understand how the substrate affects graphene deformation in order to fully utilize the range of accessible graphene deformation shapes. To systematically study the formation of ridges in graphene, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to characterize the deformation of graphene on substrate during and after axial compression of graphene nanoribbons, high aspect ratio (10:1) single layer sheets of graphene in this work. This is done to investigate the hypothesis that graphene deformation depends on the underlying substrate in terms of corrugation wavelength and amplitude and graphene-substrate adhesion energy. In the first part of this thesis a quantitative scheme is formulated to characterize and predict these deformations. A critical value of interfacial adhesion energy marks a transition point that separates two deformation regimes of graphene on substrate under uniaxial compression; the deformation regimes are binary featuring the stacking of graphene after buckling in one case and no stacking, otherwise. These ridges are a product of the graphene limit point buckling, where growing out-of-plane folds of graphene stack and self-adhere. In the second part of this thesis, after establishing the role of substrate and key interfacial properties, the atomistic mechanisms underlying the formation, evolution, and localization of graphene ridges are investigated using fracture mechanics theory and molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that there is no intrinsic characteristic length scale over which to achieve certain graphene shapes or see any repeated shapes as suggested in previous experiments, but instead these shapes can be tuned by substrate selection and design, a novel approach presented in this thesis. Moreover, a major result of this work is that the location and density of surface features in graphene-substrate systems can be controlled by substrate engineering at nanoscale resolutions, which could be used for developing graphene-based devices with a more efficient use of material, or with tailored distribution of surface futures that lead to specific applications. Efficiency gains can be made through use of less material and more controlled spacing of graphene ridges. The immediate impact of this work is most clearly realized in large scale manipulation of graphene where targeted deformations of different regions of the same graphene sheet can be executed using a single rationally designed substrate. Shifting the mindset from using the substrate as a stage, but as a tool, opens up the potential for more intricate graphene deformations at the nanoscale.<br>by Talal Al-Mulla.<br>S.M. in Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Cornelius, Carrie Elizabeth Ms. "Atmospheric Plasma Characterization and Mechanisms of Substrate Surface Modification." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11092006-175630/.
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The purpose of this research has been to characterize the parameters of an Atmospheric Plasma Device used for surface modifications and functionalization of textile materials. Device parameters are determined in absence and presence of a substrate to quantify the optimal operational conditions. Neutral gas temperature profiles were determined for a variety of gas mixtures including 100% helium and helium with 1 or 2% reactive gases, such as oxygen and carbontetrafluoride. A plasma model was developed to solve for other plasma parameters including the electron-neutral collision frequency and the electron number density. Wool substrates were treated with various gas mixtures for a range of exposure durations and the effects of plasma treatment on weight, surface-functionality, and strength were assessed. Assessment methods include percent weight change calculations, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and tensile testing. In addition, cellulosic paper was exposed to 1% oxygen plasma to determine the feasibility of permanently grafting the anti-microbial agent HTCC (quaternized ammonium chitosan). The success of the bond was tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), colorimetry, and percent weight change, and the permanency of the bond was tested though soxhlet extraction.
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Johnston, Kyle S. "Planar substrate surface plasmon resonance probe with multivariant calibration /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6069.
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Stamp, Jennifer D. "Associations between stream macroinvertebrate communities and surface substrate size distributions." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103232587.
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Vithayathil, Anne M. (Anne Marie) 1978. "Substrate resistance extraction using a multi-domain surface integral formulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28543.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).<br>In recent years, mixed-signal designs have become more pervasive, due to their efficient use of area and power. Unfortunately, with sensitive analog and fast digital circuits sharing a common, non-ideal substrate, such designs carry the additional design burden of electromagnetic coupling between contacts. This thesis presents a method that quickly extracts the electroquasistatic coupling resistances between contacts on a planar, rectangular, two-layer lossy substrate, using an FFT-accelerated multi-domain surface integral formulation. The multi-domain surface integral formulation allows for multi-layered substrates, without meshing the volume. This method has the advantages of easy meshing, simple implementation, and FFT-accelerated iterative methods. Also, a three-dimensional variant of this method allows for more complex substrate geometries than some other surface integral techniques, such as multilayered Green's functions; this three-dimensional problem and its solution are presented in parallel with the planar substrate problem and solution. Results from a C++ implementation are presented for the planar problem.<br>by Anne M. Vithayathil.<br>S.M.
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Stamp, Jennifer. "Associations between stream macroinvertebrate communities and surface substrate size distributions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1103232587.
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Dogan, Uzeyir. "Preparation And Characterization Of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate Through Electro Deposition Of Silver-pedot Film On Ito Glass Surface." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613667/index.pdf.
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Detection of chemicals is a vital part of chemistry. For this reason, many detection systems are developed by scientists and every detection system has its own advantages. Raman spectroscopy is one of these detection systems having many advantages. However, this technique suffers from low signal intensity disadvantage. By developing a well prepared substrate, this problem can be easily solved<br>moreover, even single molecule detection can be possible.
In this study, a novel surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was prepared in two steps: In the first step, ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer was polymerized electrochemically onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. In the next step, silver ions were reduced electrochemically onto surface prepared in the previous step.In the substrate preparation part, the reduction potential of silver ion, the concentration of silver ions in solution, the polymer film thickness and reduced silver amount on substrates were optimized to get the best SERS performances from substrates. The prepared substrates were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) attached to SEM.
In the SERS performance investigation part, homogeneity and the shelf life of the prepared silver-PEDOT substrates were tested. Homogeneity is very important in terms for the applications of Raman technique in quantitative analysis since most of the reported substrates are lack homogeneity consideration, our study will be an important contribution to the literature. The stability of the substrate was investigated for a period of one month. The very small change in the signal at the end of one month indicated that the substrate can be used even longer time with high efficiency. In all the studies, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) is used as a model compound.
Some important Raman active chemicals, namely, rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 4-mercapto benzoic acid (4-MBA) were detected by using the prepared substrates.
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Gawande, Sailee Sanjay. "Effect of flexible substrate surface modification on inkjet printed colloidal drop evaporation and deposition." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references.
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Kittelmann, Markus Jan [Verfasser]. "On-surface chemical reactions on an insulating substrate / Markus Jan Kittelmann." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033731099/34.
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Kenny, Thomas Donald. "Identification of High-Velocity Pseudo-surface Acoustic Wave Substrate Orientations and Modeling of Surface Acoustic Wave Structures." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KennyT2011.pdf.
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Owen, Matthew K. "Prediction of the Effects of Surface Wettability on Droplet-Dry Substrate Splashing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504873200334222.
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King, Malcolm Anthony Wallace. "Indirect substrate and surface state mediated interactions at surfaces : a case study of ethene adsorption on Cu{111}." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615101.
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Katsuno, Hiroyasu, Hideaki Uemura, Makio Uwaha, and Yukio Saito. "Growth modes in two-dimensional heteroepitaxy on an elastic substrate." Elsevier, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7317.
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Wan, Fan. "Biomimetic Surface Coatings from Modular Amphiphilic Proteins." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31639.
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Engineering of biofunctional scaffolds to precisely regulate cell behavior and tissue growth is of significance in regenerative medicine. Protein-based biomaterials are attractive candidates for functionalization of scaffold surfaces since the ability to precisely control protein sequence and structure allows for fine-tuning of cell-substrate interactions that regulate cell behavior. In this thesis, a series of de novo proteins for bio-functionalization of interfaces was designed, synthesized, and studied. These proteins are based on a diblock motif consisting of a surface-active, amphiphilic block β-sheet domain linked to a disordered, water-soluble block with a terminal functional domain. Several types of functional domains were investigated, including sequences that act as ligands for cell surface receptors and sequences that act as templates for the growth of inorganic particles. Under moderate temperature and pH conditions, the amphiphilic β-sheet block was shown to have a strong affinity to a variety of scaffold materials and to form stable protein coatings on hydrophobic materials by self-assembly. Moreover, the surface adsorption of the proteins was shown to have minimal impact on the presentation of the functional end domains in the soluble block. For the case of diblocks with the RGDS integrin binding sequence, the capability for mediating cell attachment and spreading was demonstrated via control over ligand density on hydrophobic polymer surfaces. The case of diblock proteins with templating domains for inorganic materials was investigated for two systems. First, hydroxyapatite-binding domains were ligated to the end terminus of the water-soluble block to develop proteins for possible bone regeneration applications. It was demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite-binding domain had strong affinity to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and was able to induce calcium phosphate mineralization on the surfaces coated with diblock proteins from dilute solutions with Ca2+.and PO43-. Next, a silver-binding domain was ligated to the end terminus to create a diblock protein for potential antimicrobial surface applications. The silver-binding domain was shown to accumulate and reduce silver ions, resulting in the formation of silver nanoparticles on the surfaces functionalized by the protein.
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Góes, Ana Paula. "The effects of surfactants on the solid substrate fermentation of potato starch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0021/NQ50175.pdf.
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Deng, Fenghua. "Coating of electrically conducting polymeric films on the surface of non-conducting substrate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30435.
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Cridling, Quentin. "Influence of the substrate surface on optical properties and color of anodized titanium." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEM015.
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L’étude et le développement des matériaux goniochromes reste un challenge aussi bien pour la recherche scientifique que pour l’industrie. Dans le domaine industriel, le contrôle qualité de la couleur est rendu difficile par les effets colorés de ces matériaux. Le développement d’un étalon de matériaux goniochromes avec des effets colorés référencés pourrait permettre de simplifier ce control qualité de la couleur. Le challenge pour la recherche scientifique consiste à être capable de contrôler l’évolution de la couleur avec les conditions d’illumination et d’observation et de définir les géométries de caractérisation en accord avec les effets colorés perçus.Une revue bibliographique a montré que l’anodisation du titane est un candidat prometteur pour produire des échantillons goniochromes de référence. Afin d’obtenir des échantillons avec différents niveaux de brillant, des échantillons avec des substrats ayant une rugosité comprise entre quelques et deux cents nanomètres ont été préparés soit par un décapage à l’acide fluorhydrique soit par succession de polissages mécaniques et chimiques. La couleur du titane anodisé est liée à l’épaisseur de la couche d’oxyde et à l’indice de réfraction du matériau. Ces paramètres ont été estimés à l’aide de différentes techniques, en particulier une technique basée sur la lecture des extrema du spectre de réflectance du matériau mais aussi par ellipsométrie et réflectométrie par rayons X. Ces paramètres ont été utilisés dans un modèle optique afin de simuler la réflectance spéculaire du matériau. Les réflectances diffuse et spéculaire ont été comparées et un premier modèle de réflectance diffuse a été proposé. Les fonctions de distribution bidirectionnelle de la réflectance (BRDF) spectrales et angulaires ont été utilisées pour caractériser le goniochromisme et l’aspect diffus de ces échantillons en fonction de la rugosité du substrat et du potentiel d’anodisation<br>The study and the development of goniochromic materials remains a challenge both for industry and for scientific research. In the industry, the color quality control is rendered difficult by the complex color effects of these materials. The development of standard goniochromic materials with referenced color effects could simplify this color quality control. By comparing the manufactured materials to the reference ones by for example acquiring pictures of both materials in given geometries could be an easy process for color quality control. The challenge for scientific research consists to be able to control the color evolution with the illumination and observation conditions and define color characterization geometries in agreement with perceived color effects. A bibliographic review showed that anodized titanium is a promising candidate for reference goniochromic samples. In order to obtain samples with different levels of gloss, samples with substrate roughnesses ranging from a few to two hundred nanometers obtained through hydrofluoric etching or different mechanical and chemical polishing were prepared. Anodized titanium color is linked to the oxide layer thickness and the material refractive index. These parameters were estimated through different techniques in particular a technique based on the extrema of the material reflectance spectrum as well as ellipsometry and X-ray reflectometry. These parameters were put into an optical model in order to simulate the material specular reflectance. The diffuse and specular reflectances of the samples are also compared and a first simple model of the diffuse reflectance is presented. The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) spectral and angular variations are used to characterize the diffuse appearance and goniochromism of the samples versus the substrate preparation and the anodizing cell potential
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Kay, Sean. "Concrete surface coatings and the influence of substrate moisture condition on bond strength." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20924.
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Concrete structures, in particular reinforced concrete structures, have been designed and built for many years. Many previously built structures are now being compromised with regard to their condition and structural integrity. There has developed a need to maintain these structures and protect them in order to protect the users and minimise the expenses associated with repair and maintenance. Instead of resorting to demolishing and rebuilding, engineers are becoming increasingly capable of restoring and enhancing existing structures in order to maximise the original structures lifespan. One of the ways in which this is achieved is through the implementation of various repair and maintenance strategies. These strategies can range from cathodic protection of the steel reinforcement to increasing concrete cover of the section. The easiest and often most commonly used method, although often not effective when used on its own, is to coat the concrete surface with a decorative or protective coating. There are many coatings available, ranging from simple to complex formulations of inorganic and/or organic materials. These coatings each perform a unique function and will often be designed to combat a specific problem which the structure is exposed to. The formulation of the coatings are almost always designed correctly when they are manufactured, however, premature bond failure due to poor substrate surface preparation and various substrate moisture conditions still seem to occur after coating application. This investigation will give insight into the effects a sound, clean and profiled concrete substrate that is subjected to different moisture conditions will have on the bond strength achieved when using cementitious based coatings. The reason for differing the moisture conditions of the substrate is that often on site the moisture condition of an existing substrate is not known prior to application of the coating. Through this investigation, epoxy modified cementitious coatings have been shown to provide an acceptable bond strength. In some cases, failure within the coating instead of the acceptable failure within the substrate has resulted, due only to the level of dryness of the substrate. A thorough investigation on the theory behind surface coatings, their properties and performance requirements was done and subsequently followed by a detailed experimental programme that was performed and analysed to provide insight to the said coating behaviour.
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Hajfathalian, Maryam. "SUBSTRATE-BASED NOBLE-METAL NANOMATERIALS: SHAPE ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/431697.
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Mechanical Engineering<br>Ph.D.<br>Nanostructures have potential for use in state-of-the-art applications such as sensing, imaging, therapeutics, drug delivery, and electronics. The ability to fabricate and engineer these nanoscale materials is essential for the continued development of such devices. Because the morphological features of nanomaterials play a key role in determining chemical and physical properties, there is great interest in developing and improving methods capable of controlling their size, shape, and composition. While noble nanoparticles have opened the door to promising applications in fields such as imaging, cancer targeting, photothermal treatment, drug delivery, catalysis and sensing, the synthetic processes required to form these nanoparticles on surfaces are not well-developed. Herein is a detailed account on efforts for adapting established solution-based seed-mediated synthetic protocols to structure in a substrate-based platform. These syntheses start by (i) defining heteroepitaxially oriented nanostructured seeds at site-specific locations using lithographic or directed-assembly techniques, and then (ii) transforming the seeds using either a solution or vapor phase processing route to activate kinetically- or thermodynamically-driven growth modes, to arrive at nanocrystals with complex and useful geometries. The first series of investigations highlight synthesis-routes based on heterogeneous nucleation, where templates serve as nucleation sites for metal atoms arriving in the vapor phase. In the first research direction, the vapor-phase heterogeneous nucleation of Ag on Au was carried out at high temperatures, where the Ag vapor was sourced from a sublimating foil onto adjacent Au templates. This process transformed both the composition and morphology of the initial Au Wulff-shaped nanocrystals to a homogeneous AuAg nanoprism. In the second case, the vapor-phase heterogeneous nucleation of Cu atoms on Au nanocrystal templates was investigated by placing a Cu foil next to Au templates and heating, which caused the Cu atoms from the foil to sublimate from the foil and heterogeneously nucleation on the surface of the immobilized Au seeds. This process caused the composition and morphology of the Au Wulff-shape to transform into a homogeneous AuCu nanotriangle. Lastly, we characterized the morphological features and composition, optical properties, and also the catalytic and photocatalytic performance toward hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenolate. The second series of investigations highlight synthetic routes utilizing competencies of substrate-based techniques with colloidal chemistry. We have demonstrated two substrate-based syntheses yielding bimetallic nanostructures where shape control was achieved through (i) facet-selective capping agents and (ii) additive and subtractive process. In the first case a citrate-based cubic structure has been synthesized in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid and the role of each has been considered in shape control. Reactions were carried out in which Ag+ ions were reduced onto substrate-immobilized Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt seeds. It was discovered that for syntheses lacking ascorbic acid, citrate acts as both the capping and the reducing agent, resulting in a robust nanocube growth mode; however, when ascorbic acid was included in these syntheses, then the growth mode reverted to one that advances the octahedral geometry. The conclusion of these results was that citrate, or one of its oxidation products, selectively caps (100) facets, but where this capability was compromised by ascorbic acid. In the second case, galvanic replacement reactions have been carried out on immobilized cubic and Wulff structures to create the substrate-based nanoshells and nanocages, where the prepositioned templates were chemically transformed into hollow structures. In this novel research, Wulff-shaped templates of Au, Pt, or Pd, formed through the dewetting of ultrathin films, were first transformed into core−shell structures through the reduction of Ag+ ions onto their surface and then further transformed through the galvanic replacement of Ag with Au. Detailed studies were provided highlighting discoveries related to (i) alloying, (ii) dealloying, (iii) hollowing, (iv) crystal structure and (vi) the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Overall, a series of synthetic strategies based on physical and chemical vapor deposition were devised and validated to achieve novel substrate- based nanomaterials with different shapes and compositions for a variety of applications such as sensing, plasmonics, catalysis, and photocatalysis. The novel research in this dissertation also takes advantage of competencies of substrate-based techniques with colloidal chemistry and, brings this rich and exciting chemistry and its associated functionalities to the substrate surface.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Rahe, Philipp Alexander [Verfasser]. "The calcite (101̄4) surface: a versatile substrate for molecular self-assembly / Philipp Alexander Rahe." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1030031851/34.
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Hillan, Marguerita Charlotte. "Investigations into steel substrate surface composition and the assessment of Cr. (VI) electrodeposit characteristics." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365054.
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Nalagatla, Dinesh Reddy. "INFLUENCE OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COPPER SUBSTRATE ON WETTING BEHAVIOR OF MOLTEN SOLDER ALLOYS." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/488.
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The objective of this study is to understand the effect of surface roughness of the Cu substrate on the wetting of molten solder alloys. Eutectic Sn-Pb, pure Sn and eutectic Sn-Cu solder alloys and Cu substrates with different surface finish viz., highly polished surface, polished surface and unpolished surface were used in this work. Highly polished surface was prepared in Metallography lab, University of Kentucky while other two substrates were obtained from a vendor. Surface roughness properties of each substrate were measured using an optical profilometer. Highly polished surface was found to be of least surface roughness, while unpolished surface was the roughest. Hot-stage microscopy experiments were conducted to promote the wetting behavior of each solder on different Cu substrates. Still digital images extracted from the movies of spreading recorded during hot-stage experiments were analyzed and data was used to generate the plots of relative area of spread of solder versus time. The study of plots showed that surface roughness of the Cu substrate had major influence on spreading characteristics of eutectic Sn-Pb solder alloy. Solder showed better spreading on the Cu substrate with least surface roughness than the substrates with more roughness. No significant influence of surface roughness was observed on the wetting behavior of lead free solders (pure Sn and eutectic Sn-Cu).
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Accardo, Mario G. "Effects of high pressure water jet on aluminum surfaces prior to thermal spray coating." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-124845/.
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Aslam, Nabeel. "Neuron cell survival on positively charged surface bound gold nanoparticles over gold and silicon substrate." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-44033.
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The attachment of cells onto solid surfaces is a fundamental pedestal in the field of biosensors and biochips development. In this work we investigate the adhesion and survival of rat cortical neurons on positively charged surface. We bind amino-functionalized thiol (Amino-EG6-undecanethiol) on Au nanoparticles that are immobilized on surfaces with varying density. The neural cell survival and adhesion is studied on the Au nanoparticles that work as carriers for positive charges. The Au nanoparticles attachment is done by silanizing a Si/SiO2 surface with amino terminated silane (APTES) and on gold substrate by 11-MUA (11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid). Different number of positive charge on Au nanoparticles is obtained by tuning the number of density of Au nanoparticles. A comparison is made between two types of surfaces for cell survival and attachment. The neural cells are cultured on positively charged gold nanoparticles as well as on PLL (Poly-Lysine) coated surfaces. The Characterization of the neuronal cell adhesion and endurance is done with the help of fluorescence optical light microscopy. Fabricaion of discrete purely chemical gradients of precursor molecules and nanoparticle by means of Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) was performed. This technique facilitated the transfer of 3D patterns from micro and nanofabricated molds into a deformable resist. The generated resist structure could be used to apply locally chemical agents to target substrates. The nanoparticles patterns which were made by Nanoimprint lithography had the same shape and size like the structures on Master stamp and the mold which were made from the master stamp.
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Attinger, Daniel. "An investigation of microdroplet surface deposition : transient behavior, wetting angle dynamics and substrate melting phenomenon /." Zürich : [s.n.], 2001. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14004.
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Lin, Xin-Yu, and 林信宇. "Composite Surface Acoustic Wave Substrate." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80342744786128229150.
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碩士<br>正修科技大學<br>電子工程研究所<br>98<br>The (100) oriented Aluminum nitrogen (AlN) thin films have excellent bulk acoustic wave (BAW) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties. In this study, the piezoelectric 64°-YX LiNbO3 substrate was used to fabricate the SAW devices. We also deposited (100) oriented AlN thin film on this lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate to form a new composite substrate (AlN/LiNbO3) using reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The SAW devices were fabricated on the composite substrate and the effects of AlN film thickness on the composite substrate properties have been investigated. The SAW interdigital transducer electrodes were deposited on the top of those substrates by the sputtering and photolithography methods in the process. The network analyzer was used to measure the center frequency and electromechanical coupling coefficient (K2) of the SAW devices. The spectrum analyzer was used to estimate the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF).
The SAW filter fabricated by the LiNbO3 substrate showed the center frequency, TCF and K2 are 45.66 MHz, -62.49 ppm/℃ and 11.07%, respectively. On the other hand, the SAW filter fabricated by the composite substrate with AlN film thickness is 0.5 μm. It is found that center frequency, TCF and K2 are 46.13 MHz, -58.62 ppm/℃ and 9.79%, respectively. When the composite substrate with 1 μm-thickness AlN film, the SAW filter showed the center frequency, TCF and K2 are 46.22MHz, -53.41 ppm/℃ and 7.21%, respectively. The experimented results showed the center frequency, TCF and K2 are 46.39 MHz, -50.11 ppm/℃ and 6.54%, respectively.
In this study, AlN thin films were successfully prepared on the LiNbO3 substrate by reactive RF magnetron sputtering method. The results exhibited the composite substrate can increase the SAW velocity, and improve the temperature coefficient of frequency.
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Hsieh, Chia-Ping, and 謝佳玶. "Sapphire Substrate Surface Profile Measurement System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75526829190422215178.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>101<br>On-line surface profile measurement is very important and practical in the LED industry and semiconductor industry. It has stricter specification of high-speed and high-solution to those components than other parts. In this study, a prototype of visual system utilizing the projected fringe topography technique via a color linear CCD camera has been developed for sapphire substrates surface profile inspection. In this system, a straight-line grating is projected using a digital light processing (DLP) onto a transnational object and the image of the grating is grabbed and integrated with a single-line CCD. This transfers the projected straight-line grating to a surface contour of the specimen. The contour map can be quantitatively analyzed using phase measuring technique via the RGB lines of the CCD. The current projected pitch of the grating on the CCD is 22.5. Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy can reach micrometer order with repeatability in the sub-micrometer order. Since the measurement is executed on a translating object, it may be the best choice for on-line or in-process automated inspection for products conveyed by a transporting mechanism.
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Chen, Yi-Yin, and 陳裔茵. "Surface modification treatment for plastic substrate." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c6keqm.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>有機高分子研究所<br>95<br>For the increasingly development and keen competition of flat panel displays, flexible plastic has become trend. To achieve the higher performance and better quality for flat panel displays, the techniques of transparent optical plastic film fabrication or surface modification on plastic substrate have been getting more attention than before. A method for forming the anti-glare film via UV-curable process is disclosed in this study. The additives in this experiment are inorganic oxides such as clay. The physical properties of the optical films are studied. The influence of surface roughness and film thickness upon the surface light scattering is also investigated in this study.
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CHEN, SHYING, and 陳祥. "SURFACE EMITTING LASER ON SILICON SUBSTRATE." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44138499817207560439.
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Kaajakari, Ville. "Surface micromachine assembly using ultrasonic substrate vibrations." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47656814.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-49).
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Hsieh, Chih-Shang, and 謝志尚. "Surface Modification of Plastic Substrate by SF6 Plasma." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/anc8ur.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>光電工程研究所<br>96<br>Plasma surface treatment is an effect method to modify the surface chemistry of a plastic substrate without affecting the nature of the substrate itself .In this there, we use high frequency SF6 plasma generated by Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) to modify the surface properties of a Poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. We found that the PET surface properties were strongly related to the gas pressure, RF power and reaction time, In addition, by masking on parts of the sample surface, both by hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces can be obtained in a single process. The hydrophilic is formed because of large amount of oxygen atoms reacting to the masking areas of the sample surface after the sample was exposed to the atmosphere. The difference of the measured water contact angle of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface is larger than 100 degree.
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Vithayathil, Anne, Xin Hu, and Jacob K. White. "Substrate Resistance Extraction Using a Multi-Domain Surface Integral Formulation." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3923.
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In order to assess and optimize layout strategies for minimizing substrate noise, it is necessary to have fast and accurate techniques for computing contact coupling resistances associated with the substrate. In this talk, we describe an extraction method capable of full-chip analysis which combines modest geometric approximations, a novel integral formulation, and an FFT-accelerated preconditioned iterative method.<br>Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
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Tsung-Han, Li, and 李宗翰. "The Printing Technology used in Soft Substrate Surface Metallization." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15404139290781551762.
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碩士<br>國防大學理工學院<br>化學工程碩士班<br>101<br>Preparation of metal lines or patterns on flexible PET and PI substrates were studied in this thesis. The optical grade PET substrate having light-transmissible property and low cost is a good material for optical applications. PI is a polymer with high smoothness, excellent chemical resistance, high temperature resistance and low coefficient of expansion, which is good for application of the substrates of electronic devices. In this thesis, our typical catalytic ink containing palladium (Pd) nano-particles was used to print lines or patterns on the PET and PI substrates with ink-jet printing. These substrates were then electroless plated with nickel (Ni) to form metallic lines or patterns. Since the whole process was completed at lower temperature and was low cost, it is superior to the traditional method of metallization on nonconductive substrates.
Using silane as the coupling agent to modify PET and PI substrates and increase their adhesion with plated Ni layer was studied. In contrast to the traditional dry plasma pretreatment, this study attempts to use environment-friendly pickling solution to do the pre-processing of the substrate to improve the self-assembly reaction between silane coupling agent and substrate. The influence of process parameters such as the concentration of silane coupling agent and the reaction time on the degree of surface modification of the substrate was evaluated to find the optimal process parameters for the best adhesion between metallic pattern and substrate. The silane-modified surface of substrates were analyzed with contact angle measurements and FTIR spectroscopy to evaluated their modification effect.
The results show that our typical ink-jet printing and electroless plating process can successfully deposit 6.1 μm and 12.8 μm Ni layer on PET substrates respectively according to different ways of PET modification. The adhesion between Ni layer and substrate passed the 5B degree of ASTM-d3359 test. The resistivity of the deposited Ni film was about 6.67 × 10-7 Ωm. As for the PI substrates, the deposited Ni layer can achieve 3.9 μm for different modification methods. The adhesion between Ni layer and substrate also passed the 5B degree of ASTM-d3359 test. These results indicate that the metallic patterns fabricated with our typical ink-jet printing and electroless plating method has potential for the application of flexible electronic devices.
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Wang, Huai-Hsien, and 王懷賢. "Development and Application in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98435470678143071774.
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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>物理研究所<br>99<br>Arrays of silver nanoparticles grown on anodic alumina nanochannels (Ag-NPs/AAO) with precisely tunable gaps (5~25 nm) are fabricated as substrate for using on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The Raman enhancement becomes significant for gaps below 10 nm and turns dramatically large when gaps reach an unprecedented value of 5 nm. The results are quantitatively consistent with theories based on collectively coupled surface plasmon. These opaque Raman enhancing substrates (Ag-NPs/AAO) have been further rendered transparent by an ion-drift process to complete the oxidation. The transparent substrates exhibit Raman enhancing capability and good optical transmissivity, allowing for concurrent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) characterization and high contrast transmission-mode optical imaging of microorganisms as well as in-situ detection of dilute water pollutants. On the other hand, we show that vancomycin coating of a special type of substrate covered by Ag-NPs/AAO, which can provide label-free detection of single bacteria via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, leads to ~1000 folds increase in its capability to capture bacteria; and 4~5 folds increase in the SERS signal of captured bacteria without introducing significant spectral interference. We also apply the Ag-NPs/AAO SERS substrate to assess the fine structures of the bacterial cell wall. The SERS profiles recorded by such a platform are sensitive and stable, that could readily reflect different bacterial cell walls found in Gram-positive, Gram-negative, or mycobacteria groups. Moreover, characteristic changes in SERS profile were noticed in the drug-sensitive bacteria at the early period (i.e., ~1 hr) of antibiotic exposure, which could be used to differentiate them from the drug-resistant ones. The SERS-based diagnosis could be applied to a single bacterium. The high-speed SERS detection represents a novel approach for microbial diagnostics. The single bacterium detection capability of SERS makes possible analyses directly on clinical specimen instead of pure cultured bacteria.
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Shu, Jr-Ren, and 蘇志仁. "Surface modification of COC substrate by oxygen plasma treatment." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/re25v3.
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碩士<br>國立虎尾科技大學<br>光電與材料科技研究所<br>94<br>The surface of flexible electronic substrate was modified by oxygen
plasma treatment. COC (cyclic olefin copolymer) was used to be the substrate
in this study. The atomic components and chemical structure of the COC
substrates modified by different plasma powers and times were examined by
XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer). The oxygen ratio of modified
surface was depended on the plasma power and modified times. After peak
fitting the C1s and O1s of XPS spectra, the C-O, C=O hydrophilic functional
groups were created on the surface of COC substrate. The interface adhesion
between COC substrate and coating layers was enhanced primarily due to the
hydrophilic functional groups formation and surface free energy increasing.
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CHU, WEI-PIN, and 朱偉賓. "Surface Modification and Wet Metallization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrate." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6c35e6.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>資源工程研究所<br>106<br>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has price advantage and strong corrosion resistance compared to other flexible plastic substrates. However, the plastic substrates are poor in hydrophilicity and heat resistance. In order to carry out the wet metallization process on plastic substrates, the appropriate surface treatment is important. In this study, the wettability of PET was increased by soaking in alkaline solutions and surface grinding. Furthermore, the silver and nickel were deposited on PET by chemical plating at 45°C with glucose and sodium hypophosphite as reducing agents, respectively, instead of toxic chemicals. In addition, the effects of various bath components, temperature and mass transfer on silver or nickel deposition were analyzed using electrochemical techniques. The results of plating film analysis showed that the sheet resistance of the deposited silver on PET was 14.09 mΩ/sq and the nickel/silver/PET was 92.53 mΩ/sq under optimum operating conditions. Moreover, this study used zinc to reduce nickel ion on PET and discussed the kinetic mechanism. Due to zinc with high activity, the activation energy of electroless nickel plating decreased. The order of the overall reaction is first-order known by simplified kinetic calculation. The research results of the various operation factors in this study are helpful for the applications on wet metallization of flexible plastic plates.
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金, 仁泰, In-Tae Kim, 義人 伊藤, Yoshito Itoh, 重信 貝沼, Shigenobu Kainuma, and Yoshihisa Kadota. "Accelerated exposure test of painted steels with defferent surface surface preparations of steel substrate." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5322.
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Chen, Tim Wei-Ting. "Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopically Active Substrate." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5505.
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Large and small nanospheres, large and small nanoplates, nanorods and nanostars have been synthesized and fabricated into SERS substrates consisting of sandwiched and aggregated structure. Using 633 nm laser as excitation, individual SERS spectra of each labeling molecules, benzenethiol, 4-nitrobenzenethiol and 4-quinolinethiol, have been successfully obtained and the combination of these three molecules have the least amount of overlapping and can all be identified from the reference multiplexed spectra. Among all the substrates that have analyzed, the substrate made from nanospheres with sandwiched structure is able to produce multiplexed SERS spectra with more details and higher reproducibility. Although multiplexed SERS spectra can also be observed from substrates made from small nanoplates, nanostars and nanorods substrates with sandwiched structures, the unique peaks representing the labeling molecules are less consistent in their intensity. In addition, substrates with micro sized plates in sandwiched configuration are found to exhibit much lower SERS activities and this can be due to the size of the plate being much greater than the light source, restraining the surface plasmon resonance effect. Most of the substrates fabricated with aggregated nanoparticles have very low reproducibilities and saturated signals with 633 nm excitation. The spectra peaks are much easier to identify and are much more reproducible when 785 nm excitation have been adopted. This can be due to the size of the aggregated nanoparticles are much bulkier which a deeper penetrating light source is required to induce more molecules labels to exhibit SERS activities. A novel SERS substrate has been fabricated with nanoparticle-thiol-microplate sandwiched configuration by using a double ended thiol molecules, benzenedithiol, to strongly connect nanospheres and the plates together. However, the measurement of the SERS activity is limited by the overpowering of the light source, which has frequently melted and evaporated the plate samples once they have been exposed to the excitation radiation. In addition, instead of spreading evenly on the microplate surfaces, the nanoparticles have appeared to be aggregated which may have increased the difficulty in obtaining SERS activity.
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Chen, Mao Chi, and 陳茂旗. "Surface Defect Inspection Of TFT-LCD Substrate Using Computer Vision." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12884973850972198823.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>電機工程學系<br>99<br>With the advantages of thinness, lightweight and low power consumption, thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) has been widely used in consumer products such as LCD TVs, notebook computers, satellite navigation, DVD Player, digital cameras, smart phones, etc. The aim of this thesis is to propose a computer-vision-based scheme to detect the defects on the TFT-LCD substrate surface. These defects on TFT-LCD substrate surface consist of the material scratches, fingerprints, dust, made of adverse factors. In general, the pattern of the TFT-LCD substrate surface is a periodic web structure which is constructed with horizontal lines and vertical lines. So, this approach firstly filter out the periodic structure on the TFT-LCD substrate surface in the frequency domain by wavelet transform. That is, the lower frequency component of the source image after three-level WT decomposition is used to reconstruct the smooth version of the source image, and the web structure on the TFT-LCD substrate surface can be removed completely. Then, an adaptive thresholding algorithm based on Fuzzy Rule Extraction is employed to detect possible defects on the TFT-LCD substrate surface. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed scheme is superior to previous methods in terms of classification accuracy. More specifically, no false alarm occurs in the experiments under three lighting conditions.
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Lin, Ru-Yu, and 林育儒. "Transmission Characteristic of CPW Structures on Surface Passivation Silicon Substrate." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72582398834946885836.
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碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>電子工程學系<br>100<br>In this thesis, the transmission characteristics and crosstalk phenomena of coplanar waveguide structures on silicon substrates with a surface passivation layer of different thickness were studied. Related characteristics were measured and analyzed, moreover, characteristics of inductor on a surface-passivated high-resistivity silicon substrate was also studied.
There exists a inversion layer between the silicon substrate and the oxide layer because positive charges in the oxide attract minority carriers to the substrate surface to form a carrier channel. Radio-frequency (RF) and microwave signals can transport through the channel and hence are attenuated. This will result in the increase of overall loss in a RF and microwave component. Therefore, how to suppress the formation of the channel is an important topic.
In the study of surface passivation, amorphous silicon or polysilicon was used as a material for surface passivation. Amorphous silicon or polysilicon and oxide of different thickness were deposited on a low-resistivity silicon substrate. The transmission loss of coplanar waveguide transmission lines on these substrates was measured and compared. The experimental results show that transmission loss caused by substrate can be effectively decreased with the increase of total thickness of surface-passivation layer and oxide.
Because of the native lossy property of low-resistivity silicon substrate, passive components have very high signal loss when operated at high frequencies, and hence device characteristic are unstable. Therefore, we have also fabricated inductors on surface-passivaton high-resistivity silicon substrates, which have the excellent nature of low loss. The measurement results show the inductors have higher inductance and higher quality factor.
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Yu-ChengSu and 蘇祐正. "Femtosecond Laser Micro-nano-structural Surface Processing on Titanium Substrate." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28175038342327244664.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>材料科學及工程學系碩博士班<br>100<br>Artificial dental implants are recently used as a main treatment of tooth loss. Dental implants made of titanium may provide long-term stability and occlusion like real ones. According to late researches, the roughness, size of surface structuring and chemical properties is significantly effective for protein adhesion, which is beneficial to the apposition between osteoblast to the implants. Good osseointegration may reduce inflammation after surgery and avoid the chances to failure. Nano-scale structurization on implant surface was achieved via femtosecond surface treatment. Properties of surface are the key factor with osseointegration in this study. In this experiments treatment on titanium substrate within areas are carried out via femtosecond laser and need to be investigated. From analysis by SEM and AFM the surface morphology are obtained with different treatment by various pulse numbers and roughness increased with the pulse numbers. From XRD analysis it is clear that substrate surface formed titanium monoxide when applied pulses were higher than 100. Contact angle measurement of surfaces treated by various pulses showed that the change of surface morphology provided improvement on wettability of treated surfaces.
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Li, Chan-chin, and 李展進. "Surface enhanced Raman active substrate fabricated by nanosphere lithographic technique." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30350893344714137086.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>光電科學與工程學系<br>102<br>Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active silver periodic particle array (PPA) substrates are fabricated by nanosphere lithographic technique. Base on the reported results in literatures, the shift of plasmon resonance wavelength can be manipulated via varying the fabrication parameters such as particle size, thickness and shape. Experimentally, thermally induced shape change was observed which results in the red shift of the resonant wavelength. The result is in close agreement with that obtained by Van Duyne. In addition, a local site on the PPA with resonance wavelength close to =532 nm was chosen to examine the resonant Raman response from model molecule Rhodamine 6G (R6G). The measured Raman spectrum, clearly reveals the vibrational fingerprint of the R6G molecule, demonstrating the enhancement capability of the fabricated substrate for molecular analysis substrate. Finally, fluorescence life time measurement of R6G on various substrates was conducted by TCSPC system, with the aim to justify the interplay between substrate quenching effect and the enhancement factor of R6G.
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Chen, Chien-Hsing, and 陳健興. "Surface Acoustic Wave Properties of AlN Films on LiNbO3 Substrate." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58653134894090465422.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>電機工程學系研究所<br>89<br>Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited on Z-cut LiNbO3 substrates using the reactive RF magnetron sputtering in this thesis. By means of the analyses of XRD, SEM and AFM, the optimal deposition conditions of highly C-axis oriented AlN films were sputtering pressure of 3.5 mTorr, nitrogen concentration (N2/N2+Ar) of 60%, RF power of 165W and substrate temperature of 400℃. The piezoelectric bi-layers structure of SAW devices was then fabricated.
The interdigital transducers (IDTs) were fabricated on bi-layers structure. The AlN thin film thickness of piezoelectric bi-layers structure was varied in order to discuss its effects on SAW devices. From the experimental results, it reveals that the center frequency of SAW filters increases with the increased AlN thin films thickness. It means that the SAW velocity increases as the AlN thin films thickness increases. The effects of bi-layers structure on SAW devices can be discussed in detail by measuring the parameters of SAW devices like insertion loss (IL), electromechanical coupling coefficient (K2) and the temperature coefficient of delay (TCD).
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Tsao, Che-Hao, and 曹哲浩. "The Study on Surface Treatmemt of Multi-Layer Organic Substrate." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tzhzc8.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>製造科技研究所<br>106<br>In this study addresses the core multilayer organic circuit substrate in the probe card, the circuit substrate surface contains a layer of green solder mask, used to distinguish signals, but because of the circuit’s tiny circuit, causes the solder mask to be indistinguishable and protect the circuit, so the circuit board is forced to design the exposed wire, make the probe and multi-layer organic circuit board at the time of signal transmission, may cause wire damage, make probe card life greatly reduced, affect product yield detection, to extend probe card life, use of exposure and development techniques in MEMS processes, protecting multi-layered organic circuit boards exposed copper wire, the contact signal appears, use of electrochemical reactions to produce copper wire, finish the plane with grinding, focused on this study.
Exposure development process, in the structure with a height difference of 25μm, make about 2000 hole structures, photoresist structure with diameter of 25μm and depth of 35μm, and filling copper metal with electrochemical reaction, as a wire, causes the exposed copper wire on the multilayer organic circuit board to be protected, and individual independence, contact with the probe.This process uses positive photoresist AZ4620, finally using chemical mechanical polishing, flatten the conductors with 25μm gap between the circuit board, fully flattened leads, it also protects the bare copper wire, allows the probe to more stably contact the board with each individual signal point, effectively reduce the probability of probe card failure and prolong service life.
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"Graphene interface engineering: surface/substrate modifications cum metal contact exploration." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549501.
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石墨烯具有獨特的電學,熱力學及機械性能,在科學研究和技術領域受到廣泛的關注。特別是,以石墨烯為基礎的石墨烯場效應電晶體近年來得到了快速發展,使其成為後矽基時代的可選用材料之一。不同于傳統的體半導體材料,石墨烯具有獨特的二維結構;它與周圍環境的介面相互作用對石墨烯器件有決定性的影響。研究石墨烯的介面特性在石墨烯應用中具有重要的意義。因此研究者對於發掘在納米尺度上的石墨烯介面規律及由此獨特的介面特性所導致的電子結構、載流子輸運性質和其他相關現象具有濃厚的興趣。在本論文中,我們從實驗和理論兩個方面對石墨烯與不同基底的介面耦合機制,由金屬電極到石墨烯的電荷注入以及其表面的吸附物對石墨烯的摻雜作用進行了深入细致的研究。<br>首先,通過對薄層石墨烯的表面功能化,可以對其電子結構進行有效的控制和調整。在石墨烯薄片表面吸附不同的自組裝有機分子,可以實現對石墨烯的電子和空穴摻雜。另外,我們對由電子束放射產生的摻雜效應也進行了研究。我們發現當利用電子束處理包含不同層數的石墨烯薄片時,可以形成石墨烯pn結。 其次,我們對石墨烯基底對於石墨烯的重要作用進行了深入的探究。由於商用矽片中存在的帶電雜質及石墨烯褶皺對放置於其上的石墨烯樣品產生了極大的影響,使得石墨烯的遷移率遠小於其理論值。為消弱由基底產生的不利影響,我們利用自組裝單分子膜對二氧化矽/矽襯底的表面進行鈍化處理,從而減少不必要的散射。通過鈍化處理,載流子遷移率上升了近一個數量級(達到 47,000 cm²/Vs)。<br>此外,我們對石墨烯與不同金屬電極接觸的介面電學性質也進行了系統研究。我們發現較低的電阻及線性的電流電壓關係對於石墨烯場效應電晶體並非始終成立。對於本征石墨烯,我們發現石墨烯和金屬電極的接觸具有‘空間電荷區限制’和‘歐姆接觸’兩種接觸模式。並且在偏置電壓控制下,接觸電阻可以可逆的在兩種接觸模式中切換。我們發現該現象可以歸結于石墨烯獨特的錐型能帶色散關係。該現象提供了新的製備高密度非易失性石墨烯記憶體的方法。<br>Graphene is an appealing material in both science and technology. Its distinct electronic, thermal and mechanical properties have stimulated enormous scientific interest. In particular, graphene-based field-effect transistors (GFET) have been developed rapidly and are now considered an option for post-silicon electronics. In contrast to traditional semiconductors, the unique two dimensional structure of graphene offers the possibility of studying the interface characteristics for its proximity to the top surface and interface between graphene and the outside environment. We are thus interested in understanding graphene surface and interfacial issues associated with electronic structure, carrier transport and related phenomena on a nano-scale. In this thesis, we investigate both experimentally and theoretically the mechanisms of graphene interfacial couplings to different substrates, charge injection from metal electrodes and its interplay with inert adsorbates.<br>At first, few layer graphene’s (FLG) electronic properties are adjusted efficiently and controllably through functionalizing its top surface. Both n-type and p-type doped exfoliated graphene sheets are present by virtue of adsorbing organic molecules. Additionally, the doping effects induced by electron beam (EB) irradiation are also studied. We find that by irradiating graphene with EB, graphene p-n junctions can be formed if EB irradiation is applied across a single graphene sheet containing regions with different layers.<br>Secondly, the crucial roles played by the supported substrate in graphene applications are meticulously interrogated. The existence of charge impurities and ripples adversely affects the mobility of high quality mechanically exfoliated graphene on commercially available SiO₂/Si wafers inferior to its theoretical limit. To suppress the deleterious substrate effect, we utilize self-assembled monolayers to passivate the SiO₂/Si substrate surface. After diminishing the unwanted scattering origins by this method, an increase in carrier mobility by nearly one order of magnitude (up to 47,000 cm²/Vs) is obtained.<br>Furthermore, the electronic properties of the interfaces between graphene and various metal electrodes are systematically investigated. Our study unambiguously reveals that a low electrical resistance as well as a linear current-voltage relation is not always granted for GFETs. Interestingly, for graphene on SiO₂/Si passivated with highly-ordered OTMS, both ‘space charge region limited’ and ‘ohmic’ contacts can be obtained with a single metal electrode. We also find that by utilizing voltage bias, the contact can be reversibly altered between high resistance and low resistance. We ascribe the phenomenon to graphene’s cone energy dispersion relationship as well as the vanishing density of states at the Dirac points. Our results herald a new avenue for achieving high density non-volatile graphene memory devices.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Wang, Xiaomu.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Abstract also in Chinese.<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Electronic Properties of Graphene --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1.1 --- Graphene Band Structure --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1.2 --- Physical Properties of Graphene --- p.4<br>Chapter 1.1.3 --- Carrier Transport in Graphene --- p.7<br>Chapter 1.1.4 --- Optical Properties of Graphene --- p.9<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Motivation and Outline of the Thesis --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.2.1 --- Graphene Field-Effect Transistors --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.2.2 --- Interface Engineering --- p.15<br>Chapter Chapter 2 --- Sample Preparation Details and Characterization Techniques --- p.26<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Graphene Preparation --- p.26<br>Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mechanical Exfoliation --- p.26<br>Chapter 2.1.2 --- Reduced Graphite Oxide --- p.28<br>Chapter 2.1.3 --- Graphene Synthesis by CVD on Copper Substrates --- p.28<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Characterization of Graphene --- p.29<br>Chapter 2.2.1 --- Optical Microscopy --- p.30<br>Chapter 2.2.2 --- Raman Spectroscopy --- p.30<br>Chapter 2.2.3 --- Scanning Probe Microscopic Techniques --- p.32<br>Chapter 2.3 --- GFET Fabrication --- p.33<br>Chapter 2.3.1 --- Photolithography Process --- p.34<br>Chapter 2.3.2 --- Shadow Mask Method Process --- p.34<br>Chapter 2.3.3 --- Lithography-Free Process --- p.35<br>Chapter Chapter 3 --- Top Surface Modification of Graphene --- p.37<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Charge Transfer by Organic Molecules in Doping of Graphene --- p.37<br>Chapter 3.1.1 --- Overview --- p.37<br>Chapter 3.1.2 --- Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy --- p.41<br>Chapter 3.1.3 --- Experimental Details --- p.45<br>Chapter 3.1.4 --- P-type Doping of Graphene by F4-TCNQ --- p.47<br>Chapter 3.1.5 --- N-tpye Doping of Graphene by VOPc --- p.48<br>Chapter 3.1.6 --- Mechanism of Charge Transfer: A Quantitative Analysis --- p.55<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Asymmetric Doping of Graphene by Electron Beam Irradiation --- p.66<br>Chapter 3.2.1 --- Overview --- p.66<br>Chapter 3.2.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.67<br>Chapter 3.2.3 --- Transport Measurements --- p.70<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Summary --- p.73<br>Chapter Chapter 4 --- Substrate Modification for Graphene --- p.81<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Substrate Effects Adjusted by Thermal Annealing --- p.81<br>Chapter 4.1.1 --- Overview --- p.81<br>Chapter 4.1.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.82<br>Chapter 4.1.3 --- Mechanism of Graphene/Substrate Interaction --- p.84<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Modified Substrate by Highly Ordered OTMS SAMs --- p.85<br>Chapter 4.2.1 --- Overview --- p.85<br>Chapter 4.2.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.87<br>Chapter 4.2.3 --- Transport Measurements --- p.94<br>Chapter 4.2.4 --- Summary --- p.111<br>Chapter Chapter 5 --- Graphene/Metal Contacts --- p.116<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Graphene/Metal Contacts --- p.116<br>Chapter 5.1.1 --- Overview --- p.116<br>Chapter 5.1.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.118<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Contact Modes and Related Memory Devices --- p.125<br>Chapter 5.2.1 --- Bistable Contact Modes --- p.125<br>Chapter 5.2.2 --- Related Memory Devices --- p.132<br>Chapter 5.2.3 --- Contact Mechanism --- p.136<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Transport Mechanism for OFF States --- p.147<br>Chapter 5.3.1 --- Temperature-Dependent Transport Measurements --- p.148<br>Chapter 5.3.2 --- WKB Approximations --- p.151<br>Chapter 5.3.3 --- Tunneling between Fermi Liquid and Luttinger Liquid --- p.154<br>Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.156<br>Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Outlook --- p.161<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Major Findings and Summary --- p.161<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Outlook for Future Research --- p.165<br>Chapter Appendix A --- Transport Model of GFET --- p.169<br>Chapter A.1 --- Transport Models --- p.169<br>Chapter A.2 --- Drift Current Model --- p.171<br>Chapter A.3 --- Quantum Transport Theory of GFET --- p.175<br>Chapter A.4 --- Brief Outline of NEGF --- p.177
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Liao, Chun-Huei, and 廖春暉. "Surface Metallization of PC/ABS Substrate by Inkjet-printing Technology." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92174288882850441311.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>化學工程學系所<br>100<br>In recent years, metal nanowirting for circuitry and electronic interconnection has attracred much attention due to the growing requirements of highly integrated microcircuits, and benefit to the minizturization of device features. Inkjet printing of functional materials with specific electrical, optical, chemical, biological or structural functionalties has gained significant interest as an alternative to conventional vacuum deposition and photolithographic patterning, methods, especially in the area of low-cost and karge-area electronics.
Due to the requirements of smart phone, tablet, personal computer and notebook that network(wifi, 3G …) transfer speeds are much faster, the process of antennal design have to make more research and development. The first step of traditional process is to mix metal catalysts into PC/ABS substrate, the second step is to use laser for patterning, by our request so that the catalysts are exposed, and then immersed into an electroless copper plating, solution to form patterns. If the exposed catalysts are uneven or insufficient, subsequent electroless copper plating will have some issues. The other unpatterned area still has metal catalyst even though it does not go through laser process. This will increase cost. On the other hand, the laser machine is expensive. If we do not use the laser process then the cost will be significantly reduced. This study will replace the traditional process with a direct inkjet printing process for cost saving
In this study, we used inkjet printing technology to make patterns that we want. The patterns were directly defined by an inkjet printing tool. The printed in patterns could catch metal ions from an aqueous solution. Subsequently, metal ions were reduced by a reducing agent as catalysts for the following copper electroless deposition. After the copper electroless deposition, nickel electroless deposition was carried out to protect the copper film from oxidation. We use ATR-FTIR to cheack the changes of functional groups of every steps. We use XPS to cheack the adsorption of ions of every steps. We use SEM to Observe the grain of copper film and nickel film. Adhesion between the deposited copper metal and the PC/ABS surface was evaluated by Scotch tape test. Results show that metal patterns formed by electroless deposition used as antenna of smart phones can be directly defined on PC/ABS substrate without using a laser process. The direct patterned metal films (Ni/Cu) on PC/ABS substrate has a good adhesion, implying that chemical bonding strength is as better as that caused by physical roughness.