Academic literature on the topic 'Surface topography-roughness'
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Journal articles on the topic "Surface topography-roughness"
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Yoshihara, Nobuhito, Ji Wang Yan, and Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa. "Development of a Rubber-Bonded Grinding Wheel - Studies on Aspherical Grinding -." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.465.
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Aspherical surfaces are an important technology in optical instruments. Until now, only improvements in form accuracy and surface roughness of aspherical surfaces have been investigated. However, when the surface roughness becomes low, the small waviness of the surface becomes marked. This small waviness is termed “Nano-topography.” Nano-topography causes grinding marks and reduces the accuracy of an optical instrument. Nano-topography is caused by the vibration of a grinding wheel during the manufacture of the surface. This paper will reveal how a rubber-bonded grinding wheel has been developed to absorb that vibration. The dressing of the grinding wheel was also investigated. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the generation of nano-topography.
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Felhő, Csaba, and János Kundrák. "Investigation of the Topography of Machined Surfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (December 2014): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.412.
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The modern investigation of the topography of cut surfaces is nowadays usually performed by three-dimensional surface roughness indexes. The goal of this work was to determine a theoretical roughness index for face milled surfaces. The calculated values were compared with real surface roughness data obtained by performing cutting experiments and the relation was determined between these two datasets.
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Podulka, Przemysław, Monika Kulisz, and Katarzyna Antosz. "Evaluation of High-Frequency Measurement Errors from Turned Surface Topography Data Using Machine Learning Methods." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071456.
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Manufacturing processes in industry applications are often controlled by the evaluation of surface topography. Topography, in its overall performance, includes form, waviness, and roughness. Methods of measurement of surface roughness can be roughly divided into tactile and contactless techniques. The latter ones are much faster but sensitive to external disturbances from the environment. One type of external source error, while the measurement of surface topography occurs, is a high-frequency noise. This noise originates from the vibration of the measuring system. In this study, the methods for reducing high-frequency errors from the results of contactless roughness measurements of turned surfaces were supported by machine learning methods. This research delves into optimizing filtration methods for surface topography measurements through the application of machine learning models, focusing on enhancing the accuracy of surface roughness assessments. By examining turned surfaces under specific machining conditions and employing a variety of digital filters, the study identifies the Gaussian regression filter and spline filter as the most effective methods at a 22.5 µm cut-off. Utilizing neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees, the research demonstrates the superior performance of SVMs, achieving remarkable accuracy and sensitivity in predicting optimal filtration methods.
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Karlović, Igor, Dragoljub Novaković, and Erzsébet Novotny. "The influence of surface topography of UV coated and printed cardboard on the print gloss." Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design 1, no. 1 (2010): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2010-1-023.
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The incident light on the printed surface undergoes through several processes of scattering, absorbtion and reflection depending on the surface topography and structure of the material. The specular part of the surface reflection is commonly attributed as the geometric component of the reflection, and when measured is associated with specular gloss. The diffuse part of the surface reflection contains the chromatic part of the reflection and is commonly calculated through colorimetric values. Using UV coatings as surface enhacement materials which affect the optical proper-ties of coated surfaces and final appearance of the printed product forms new surface topography over the existing one. We have investigated the influence of three different amounts of UV glossy and matte oveprint coating on the measured specular gloss of printed cardboard samples. The different amount of coatings on the printed samples were achived using three different screen stencils of 180 threads/cm, 150 threads/cm and 120 threads/cm thread count. The cardboard samples were analysed with AFM and SEM microscopes to obtain surface topography and roughness values which were evaluated with the measured geometric values speficied as instrumental gloss. The surfaces with a specific amount of UV coatings showed a new formed topography which influences the reflection of light. The changes in topography were evaluated through surface roughness parameters which showed a decline of surface roughness with tht additional ammount of glossy and matte coatings. The obtained and calculated correlations show there is a high correlation between coating ammount and surface roughness change and gloss for the glossy UV coating. The results for the matte UV coatings showed lower correlation for the gloss and surface roughness.
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Syahrullail, Samion, and Noorawzi Nuraliza. "Effect of Surface Roughness Parameters and Surface Texture for Reduced Friction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.572.
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The aim of the present research was to investigate the possibility of contact surfaces with reduced friction using surface roughness analysis. For this purpose, various aluminum pin samples with different lubricant using different sliding speed values were prepared. To evaluate influence of roughness parameters on friction and wear, lubricated pin-on-disk tests were carried out under different speed contact conditions. Test results show that surfaces with high values surface roughness results in reduced friction. To investigate the effect of surface topography on surface roughness parameters and consequently on friction, real roughness profiles were virtually altered to achieve virtually textured surfaces.
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Brück, Bastian, Thomas Guglhoer, Simon Haug, et al. "Surface Characterization of Carbon Fibers by Atomic Force Microscopy: Roughness Quantification by Power Spectral Density." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.447.
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The topography of a surface consists of structures of different length scales. The surface roughness caused by these structures plays a decisive role in interfacial properties. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) can be applied to measure the surface topography with great accuracy and thus facilitates roughness quantification. Here, however, the data reduction poses a challenge. In a conventional approach, surface roughness parameters are evaluated based on averaging height differences, which leads to values dominated by the largest height differences of the surface topography. To quantify contributions of smaller structures to the roughness, a previous study presented a tunable local background correction, which eliminates structures on a larger than selected scale. Therefore, this method only considers surface structures smaller than the chosen scale. A different approach to quantify surface roughness on all length scales covered by AFM measurements uses Fourier transformation of the surface topography to calculate the power spectral density, which describes the amplitudes of different contributing spatial frequencies.In the current study, a new approach based on power spectral density is used to quantify surface roughness parameters as a function of the length scale of contributions to the surface topography. This procedure allows a comprehensive characterization of surface roughness and an intuitive comparison of different surfaces.The usefulness of this method and its compatibility to local background correction is demonstrated by analyzing several commercially available carbon fibers with and without different fiber surface treatments.
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Kang, Gilho, and Wonjong Choi. "A Study on the Effects of Surface Energy and Topography on the Adhesive Bonding of Aluminum Alloy." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, no. 8 (2021): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.8.567.
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The bonding properties of adhesives are mainly affected by surface roughness, topography and chemical adsorption. In this paper, we studied the effects of surface pretreatment of Al 2024-T3 (bare) in terms of surface roughness, topography and surface free energy. Surface pre-treatment included solvent cleaning, FPL etching, PAA and CAA treatment. The surface energy and roughness of the aluminum surface were significantly increased by the anodizing treatment. Single lap shear and fatigue tests were performed to investigate bonding properties and durability. The evaluation revealed that the surface energy and surface roughness resulting from the aluminum surface treatment had a significant impact on bonding properties and durability. PAA treated surfaces had the highest bonding strength, and CAA treated surfaces had superior bonding retention performance in hot water or salt spray environments. The results of the fatigue test most clearly demonstrated how the surface pretreatment of the aluminum alloy differently affected bonding performance.
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Yoshihara, Nobuhito, Ji Wang Yan, and Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa. "Control of Nano-Topography on an Axisymmetric Ground Surface." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.96.
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The use of aspherical optical parts has become common as optical instruments are becoming smaller with and are achieving higher resolution. Nano-order roughness and high-precision shapes are simultaneously required for the surface of aspherical optical parts. At present, form accuracy of the aspherical lens becomes less than 50 nm, and the maximum height roughness becomes less than 20 nm. These values of form accuracy and maximum height roughness satisfy the requirement for most precision optical parts. However, nano-topography, which causes grinding marks and deteriorates accuracy of optical parts, is generated on the ground surface. Conventional evaluation criteria such as form accuracy and surface roughness cannot estimate the nano-topography. In the present paper, the cross sectional profile of the axisymmetric ground surface is calculated in order to estimate the distribution of the nano-topography. As a result, the possibility of control of the nano-topography distribution is confirmed. In addition, controlling the amplitude of nano-topography is easier than controlling the distribution of nano-topography.
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Lin, Bin, and Xin Yan Huang. "Analysis and Simulation of Grinding Wheel Surface Topography." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.509.
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The topography of the grinding wheel has a profound effect in analysis and predicting the finished surface roughness. In this paper, the statistical analysis is applied to establish a distribution function of the grain protrusion heights, and the 3-D simulating topography of grinding wheel will be identified. Through experiments, the generated grinding wheel topography is effective in predicting the finished surface roughness.
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Burdek, Marek. "The change of work roll surface topography during skin pass rolling of steel sheets." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 6 (2015): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2015-0019.
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze changes in the surface topography of the work rolls during skin passing. Cold rolled steel sheets are additionally subject to skin pass rolling to form an appropriate surface topography. This operation should facilitate the process of further metal forming of steel sheets, such as deep drawing, painting, etc. The surface topography of steel sheets is determined by the surface topography of the work rolls as well as the skin pass rolling parameters (rolling speed, elongation, roll force, etc.). Suitable preparation and selection of roll surface topography influences the degree of rolls wear and the surface topography of steel sheets as well. Design/methodology/approach – Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) roughness measurements of work roll surface before, during and after finishing of skin pass rolling of steel sheets are presented in the paper. The measurements were performed on four sets of work rolls with different surface topography. Findings – The appearance of the surface of rolls obtained from the analysis of 3D roughness, the values of selected parameters of the 3D roughness and relative changes of the roughness parameter Ra/Sa depending on the length of the skin passed steel sheets are presented. Practical implications – The wear of rolls is different depending on work surface topography. Originality/value – The aim of this paper is to analyze changes in the surface topography of the work rolls during skin passing. It was expected that the surface of work rolls with more summits at similar average roughness Ra will change much faster than the surface with fewer summits. For this purpose, preliminary tests were performed in an industrial environment on four pairs of work rolls, including two pairs of rolls that were hard chromium-plated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surface topography-roughness"
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Sharma, Priyanka. "Investigations of Titan's Topography and Surface Roughness." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/241978.
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Saturn's moon, Titan is a geomorphologically active planetary object, and its surface is influenced by multiple processes like impact cratering, fluvial and aeolian erosion, lacustrine processes, tectonics, cryovolcanism and mantling. Disentangling the processes that compete to shape Titan's landscape is difficult in the absence of global topography data. In this thesis, I utilize techniques in topographic statistics, fractal theory, study of terrestrial analogs and landscape evolution modeling to characterize Titan's topography and surface roughness and investigate the relative roles of surface processes in sculpting its landscape. I mapped the shorelines of 290 North Polar Titanian lakes using the Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar dataset. The fractal dimensions of the shorelines were calculated via the divider/ruler method and box-counting method, at length scales of (1-10) km and found to average 1.27 and 1.32, respectively. The inferred power-spectral exponent of Titan's topography (β) was found to be ≤ 2, which is lower than the values obtained from the global topography of the Earth or Venus. In order to interpret fractal dimensions of Titan's shorelines in terms of the surficial processes at work, I repeated a similar statistical analysis with 114 terrestrial analogous lakes formed by different processes, using C-band radar backscatter data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). I found different lake generation mechanisms on Earth produce 'statistically different' shorelines; however, no specific set of processes could be identified for forming Titanian lake basins. Using the Cassini RADAR altimetry data, I investigated Titan's global surface roughness and calculated median absolute slopes, average relief and Hurst exponent (H) for the surface of Titan. I detected a clear trend with latitude in these roughness parameters. Equatorial regions had the smallest slopes, lowest values of H and smallest intra-footprint relief, compared to the mid-latitudes and polar regions of Titan. I used steady state models of relief generation (tectonic activity) and relief reduction (diffusive mass wasting and advective bedrock channel erosion) to generate synthetic landscapes and simulate Titan's topography. I provided constraints on two environmental variables for Titan that influence surface roughness: diffusivity and erodibility coefficient.
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Mitik-Dineva, Natasa. "Bacterial attachment to micro- and nano- structured surfaces." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/48547.
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The ongoing interest in bacterial interactions with various surfaces, followed by attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, has been driven by the importance of bacterial activities in number of medical, industrial and technological applications. However, bacterial adhesion to surfaces has not been completely understood due to the complexity of parameters involved. The study presented herein investigates the attachment pattern of nine medically and environmentally significant bacteria belonging to different taxonomic lineages: Firmicutes - Bacillus, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteriodetes. Physicochemical assessment techniques such as contact angle and surface charge measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CLSM), as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) analysis were all employed in order to attain better insight into the factors that influence bacterial interactions with surfaces. Bacterial surface characteristics such as surface wettability and charge in addition to substratum surface wettability, tension, charge and chemistry were also considered. However due to the recent interest in designing micro-textured surfaces with antibacterial and/or antifouling effects the prime was given to the influence of micro- and nano-meter scale surface textures on bacterial adhesion. The interactions between selected bacteria and glass, polymer and optical fibre surfaces were studied. Carefully designed methods for surface modification allowed alteration of the topography of glass, polymer and optical fibre surfaces while maintaining other surface parameters near constant. This allowed isolated assessment of only the effects of surface roughness on bacterial adhesion. Obtained results indicated consistent cellular inclination towards the smoother surfaces for all of the tested species. Enhanced bacterial presence on the smoother surfaces was also accompanied by changes in the bacterial metabolic activity as indicated by the elevated levels of secreted extracellular polymeric materials (EPS) and modifications in the cells morphology. The results indicate that nano-scale surface roughness exert greater influence on bacterial adhesion than previously believed and should therefore be considered as a parameter of primary interest alongside other wellrecognized factors that control initial bacterial attachment.
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Loboda, V. B., Yu O. Shkurdoda, A. I. Saltykova, and V. M. Kolomiets. "The Temperatures’ Influence of Substrate and Annealing on a Surface Relief and Diffusion in Multilayer Film Systems." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35308.
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The topography’s change of surface films Fe/S and Cu/Fe/S was investigated and the diffusive profiles’ analysis of three-layer films Co/Cu/Fe/S was performed after theirs annealing. The influence of mean-square roughness and interdiffusion on a size of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect was established.
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Werner, Oskar. "Computer Modelling of the Influence of Surface Topography on Water Repellency and a Study on Hydrophobic Paper Surfaces with Partly Controlled Roughness." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2614.
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<p>A computer model based on minimization of the free energy, capable to predict contact angles and spreading transitions between Wenzel and Cassie mode for drops placed on surfaces with different topography were implemented in matlab. Simulations were compared with experiments documented in the literature. These showed that reported transitions between Cassie and Wenzel mode can be explained by minimization of the free energy. In this report, a study on the possibility of constructing water repellent paper surfaces with a combination of treatment with octadecyltrichlorosilane and topography changes, is included.</p>
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Pavlík, František. "Studium vlivu parametru elipticity na rozložení tloušťky mazacího filmu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229941.
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Diploma thesis deals with elastohydrodynamic lubrication of point contacts, which surfaces are influenced by topography and velocity vector of one rubbing surface is misaligned. Author summarizes knowledge of previously published research articles, which fundamentally enrich current state of knowledge. Diploma thesis contains experimental measurement results of the film thickness and the way of lubrication film formation in elliptical contact for different ellipticity parameters, kinds of rubbing surfaces and angles of the velocity vector. New findings have helped to better understand the behaviour of highly loaded lubricated contacts taking place in machine components and completed the current state of knowledge with results that can be used in next thorough study of this issue.
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Palodhi, Kanik. "Absolute surface topography measurement with polarisation sensitive coherence scanning interferometry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14411.
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Traditionally, surface topography measurement was in the domain of quality control of engineering parts. With the advancement of manufacturing technology and affordable computational costs, different types of surfaces are produced with varied shapes and surface textures. These pose significant measurement problems, therefore, surface topography research is gaining momentum to achieve a better control of the surface. Coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is one of the most common techniques used for measurement of surface topography. It is preferred over tactile and other non-contact techniques since it provides fast and accurate measurement with high vertical (~ 1 nm) and lateral (~1 μm) resolutions over larger areas without any damage to the surface. Essentially, CSI is treated as one dimensional (1D) superposition of the light waves from an object and a reference that generates a three dimensional (3D) interferogram. Secondly, despite the advantages, there is no standard configuration of CSI that can provide absolute surface topography measurement of an engineering part with multiple materials. An effective solution to this problem will be particularly useful in the field of semiconductor and bio-related industries where chips and instruments are made of many materials. In this Thesis, first, the CSI technique is analysed in terms of a wider theoretical framework of 3D linear filtering technique which shows the similarities among other seemingly disparate techniques such as confocal and optical coherence tomography. Due consideration to the spectral characteristic of the source and the effect of numerical aperture are given and important parameters such as vertical and lateral resolutions are computed to compare this theory with standard analysis methods. Additionally, it is shown that the 3D fringe pattern can be considered to be a superposition of a reference field and the scattered field from the top foil-like layer on the top the object. The scattered field from this foil object is dependent on the normal Fresnel reflection coefficients. Therefore, it explains the phase offset and the proportional height offset introduced by different materials, especially, metals. In an object, where multiple materials are present, each material introduces different phase to the fringe pattern and therefore, the surface topography of the entire object is altered. To overcome this problem, the optical polarising properties of the material are exploited. A novel configuration of polarisation sensitive CSI is presented where interferograms with orthogonal circular polarisations are recorded and analysed. The configuration, initially, needs to be calibrated with a material and after that at each point on the object, the refractive index and height offset can be calculated. Therefore, it can be dually used to identify unknown materials present on the object and also to compensate for the height offset introduced by each material to produce absolute surface topography of the entire object. The configuration provides good agreement with ellipsometric results for metals. Additionally, it retains the advantages of high vertical and lateral resolution same as other standard coherence scanning interferometers.
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Hu, Chen. "Surface Optimization of the Silicon Templates for Monolithic Photonics Integration." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37226.
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Silicon photonics is emerging as a potential field to achieve optical interconnects towards the realization of ultra high bandwidth. The indirect band-gap property of silicon still remains as a big challenge to incorporate silicon photonic active device, for example, silicon-based laser. In the Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials at KTH, a monolithic integration platform based on nano-epitaxial lateral overgrowth (nano-ELOG) technique has been proposed to integrate III-V semiconductor materials with silicon for light source application. The integration process involves uneven surface morphology at different stages. The surfaces of the indium phosphide seed layer on silicon used for ELOG, the mask deposited on it (the silicon/silicon dioxide waveguide) and the ELOG indium phosphide layer grown on it prior to laser growth are often rough. In this thesis work, we have optimized chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique in order to achieve an even surface. The same procedure is also necessary to reach the optimal thickness of different layers to enable effective coupling of light from the laser source into the waveguide. CMP of indium phosphide to obtain an average surface roughness of < 1 nm has been optimized by a two-step polishing using different slurries; it results in a step height of ca 3 nm. Similarly the surface of silicon/silicon dioxide “waveguide” has also been optimized with the roughness of ~ 0.5 nm. In the latter case, a step height of 40 nm is retained and this increase with respect to InP is identified to be mainly due to limitations of the polishing machine which is different from that used for indium phosphide. The reduction in step heights with polishing time is analyzed and compared with an existing theoretical model. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with the model. The optimized surface morphology obtained in this work was tested for its suitability for integration. For this evaluation, InP was grown by ELOG in a hydride vapour phase epitaxy reactor with and without CMP of the involved surfaces. The surface after CMP yields layers of better surface morphology with fewer defects as revealed by atomic force microscopy, surface profilometer and cathodoluminescence analysis. The results indicate that the CMP process is useful for monolithic integration for silicon photonics.
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Lindberg, Eskil. "Vehicle Disc Brake Roughness Noise : Experimental Study of the Interior Noise andVibro-Acoustic Modelling of Suspension Systems." Licentiate thesis, KTH, MWL Strukturakustik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39554.
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Prediction of vehicle disc brake roughness noise is a non-trivial challenge. In fact, neither the source mechanisms, nor the transfer paths are so far well understood. Traditionally, disc brake noise problems are studied as part of the friction-induced noise field, where the source is considered to be a more or less local phenomenon related to the brake disc and brake pad. However, for the roughness noise of interest here this viewpoint is not adequate when attempting to solve the interior noise problem since the transfer of vibro-energy from the brake into the vehicle body is a crucial aspect and plays an important role in the understanding and solution to the problem. The vibroacoustic energy transfer associated with the brake roughness noise is a problem where geometrical complexity and material combinations, including rubber bushings, pose an intricate modelling problem. Additionally, system altering effects from moving parts and loadings are important, e.g. due to the steering or brake systems. In addition, the source mechanisms themselves must also be understood to be able to solve the problem. The current work constitutes a combined experimental and theoretical investigation, aiming at an increased understanding of the source, the transfer paths and how they are a affected by change in the operational state. The experimental study of the vehicle disc brake roughness noise, is based on measurements conducted in a laboratory using a complete passenger car. It is found that the interior noise is a structural-borne broadband noise event well correlated to vehicle speed and brake pressure. The results suggest that the friction source may be divided into vibrations created in the sliding direction and vibrations created normal to the contact plane, where the sliding direction levels appear to be proportional to brake pressure according to Coulomb’s friction law; the vibration level in the normal direction of the contact plane on the other hand has behaviour proportional to Hertz contact theory. The measurements also indicate that the brake force created carried by the suspension system when braking will also alter the vibro-acoustic response of the system. To facilitate the theoretical simulations, an approach for modelling of the suspension system is developed. The vibro-acoustic transfer path model developed is using a modal based on the Craig-Bampton method where a restriction on the coupling modes is suggested. The approach suggested uses undeformed coupling interfaces, to couple structures of fundamentally different stiffness such as may be the case in a vehicle suspension system where for instance rubber bushings are combined with steel linking arms. The approach show great potential inreducing computational cost compared to the classical Craig-Bampton method.<br>QC 20110913
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McGinnis, Nathaniel L. "Topography and Land-Cover Effects on Tornado Intensity using Rapid-Scan Mobile Radar Observations and Geographic Information Systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1471459517.
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Hroděj, Daniel. "Pokročilé metody vyhodnocování topografie povrchu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417589.
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This paper deals with the analysis of data obtained from the surface of aluminum alloy 7475-T7351 after face milling with a tool inclination of 1°. The theoretical part explains the basic principles of measuring the topography of the surface and instruments that are able to provide relevant data directly from the scanned part. The following part contains the methods of evaluating the information, especially using various types of parameters acquired from ČSN EN ISO standards. The practical part focuses on the data obtained from the sample surface using the Alicona IF-G5. This information determines the character of the surface texture with the tool inclination and the difference between the profile and surface parameters. There is also described surface texture in the tool path and on the edge of the tool path. In the final economic evaluation, the connection between the feed per tooth and the machining price is found.
Books on the topic "Surface topography-roughness"
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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Effect of counterface material type and its topography on the tribological properties of polyimide composites. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1985.
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Chan, Johnny C. L. Physical Mechanisms Responsible for Track Changes and Rainfall Distributions Associated with Tropical Cyclone Landfall. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.16.
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As a tropical cyclone approaches land, its interaction with the characteristics of the land (surface roughness, topography, moisture availability, etc.) will lead to changes in its track as well as the rainfall and wind distributions near its landfall location. Accurate predictions of such changes are important in issuing warnings and disaster preparedness. In this chapter, the basic physical mechanisms that cause changes in the track and rainfall distributions when a tropical cyclone is about to make landfall are presented. These mechanisms are derived based on studies from both observations and idealized simulations. While the latter are relatively simple, they can isolate the fundamental and underlying physical processes that are inherent when an interaction between the land and the tropical cyclone circulation takes place. These processes are important in assessing the performance of the forecast models, and hence could help improve the model predictions and subsequently disaster preparedness.
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Chan, Johnny C. L. Physical Mechanisms Responsible for Track Changes and Rainfall Distributions Associated with Tropical Cyclone Landfall. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.16.
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As a tropical cyclone approaches land, its interaction with the characteristics of the land (surface roughness, topography, moisture availability, etc.) will lead to changes in its track as well as the rainfall and wind distributions near its landfall location. Accurate predictions of such changes are important in issuing warnings and disaster preparedness. In this chapter, the basic physical mechanisms that cause changes in the track and rainfall distributions when a tropical cyclone is about to make landfall are presented. These mechanisms are derived based on studies from both observations and idealized simulations. While the latter are relatively simple, they can isolate the fundamental and underlying physical processes that are inherent when an interaction between the land and the tropical cyclone circulation takes place. These processes are important in assessing the performance of the forecast models, and hence could help improve the model predictions and subsequently disaster preparedness.
Book chapters on the topic "Surface topography-roughness"
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Bai, Wei, Yuan Gao, and Ronglei Sun. "Surface Topography and Roughness in Vibration Assisted Machining." In Vibration Assisted Machining. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9131-8_7.
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Chen, Huiqun, and Fenpin Jin. "A Novel Approach for Surface Topography Simulation Considering the Elastic-Plastic Deformation of a Material During a High-precision Grinding Process." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_118.
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AbstractA novel simulation approach for 3D surface topography that considers the elastic-plastic deformation of workpiece material during a high-precision grinding process is presented in this paper. First, according to the kinematics analysis for the abrasive grain during the grinding process, the motion trajectory of the abrasive grain can be calculated. Second, the kinematic interaction between the workpiece and the abrasive grains can be established, which integrates the elastic-plastic deformation effect on the workpiece material with the topography, the simulation results are more realistic, and the simulation precision is much higher. Finally, based on an improved surface applied to the grinding wheel, the surface topography of the workpiece is formed by continuously iterating overall motion trajectories from all active abrasive-grains in the process of high-precision grinding. Both the surface topography and the simulated roughness value of this work are found to agree well with those obtained in the experiment. Based on the novel simulation method in this paper, a brand-new approach to predict the quality of the grinding surface by providing machining parameters, selecting effective machining parameters, and further optimizing parameters for the actual plane grinding process, is provided.
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Díaz-Plaza De Los Reyes, Nicolás, Ricardo Alzugaray-Franz, Erardo Leal-Muñoz, Iván La Fé-Perdomo, Jorge Ramos-Grez, and Eduardo Diez-Cifuentes. "Influence of Material Properties in Milling Forces of AISI 316L Obtained by L-PBF." In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_46.
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AbstractTechnologies associated with additive manufacturing enabled the realization of several new products, providing high flexibility to the processes and high material usage efficiency. Furthermore, additively manufactured metals exhibit differences in surface topography and mechanical properties, primarily due to changes in the printing strategies and production parameters. Nowadays, postprocessing techniques are necessary to produce a quality printed metal product, due to the high initial surface roughness that every additive specimen presents. In this study, milling tests of additively manufactured AISI 316L workpieces obtained under different conditions were performed to investigate the influence of printing volumetric energy density, material density, and material ultimate tensile strength on cutting forces. The analysis revealed an association between cutting forces amplitude and the analyzed material properties. Also, similar machinability between the printed and the hot rolled metal was found when the density of the material was similar.
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Edachery, Vimal, Sindhu Ravi, Aliya F. Badiuddin, Abel Tomy, P. S. Suvin, and Satish V. Kailas. "Effect of Surface Topography and Roughness on the Wetting Characteristics of an Indigenously Developed Green Cutting Fluid (GCF)." In Sustainable Material, Design, and Process. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003242291-9.
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Mate, C. Mathew, and Robert W. Carpick. "Surface Roughness." In Tribology on the Small Scale. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199609802.003.0002.
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When two surfaces are brought into contact, they first touch where the summits of the surface asperities make contact. Consequently, surface roughness or topography strongly influences those physical phenomena associated with contact: friction, adhesion, and wear. This chapter discusses techniques for measuring the roughness of surfaces and the parameters frequently used to characterize this roughness. As atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical interferometry are currently the predominant tools for characterizing roughness, these techniques are discussed at some length. Examples are given for determining not only the standard roughness parameters (the standard deviation of surface heights, the mean radius of curvature of asperity summits, waviness, and the average and rms of surface heights), but also for determining the surface roughness power spectrum, which has gained importance in recent tribology theories. The topography of self-affine fractal surfaces is also discussed along with the tribological importance of these surfaces.
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Hobson, R. D. "Surface roughness in topography: quantitative approach." In Spatial Analysis in Geomorphology. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429273346-8.
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"Classification of Surface Constructs." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5638-5.ch006.
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This chapter reviews methods used for the characterization of surface roughness and identifying parameters important for function. The emphasis is on methods that reveal the tribological performance of a surface relative to topography. The information also considers biological surfaces with a focus on the characterization of soft tissue. In this respect, the data introduce methods used to determine the fractal dimension of biological surfaces and how to extend fractal data to analyze the tribological performance of soft tissue and predict key properties necessary to determine mechanical contact parameters.
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"Modeling and Simulation of the Surface Topography Generation With Ordinary Grinding Wheel." In Enhanced Heat Transfer Mechanism of Nanofluid MQL Cooling Grinding. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1546-4.ch018.
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In order to simulate the surface grinding process of the common grinding wheel and evaluate the surface topography of the workpiece, the mathematical model of the common grinding wheel is established by using the abrasive vibration method to realize the parameterization of the simulated grinding wheel. The grinding wheel body with random arrangement of abrasive grains is generated, and the simulation of common grinding wheel morphology is completed. Then, according to the grinding kinematics model, elastic deformation model and plastic accumulation model, the simulation of the process is realized, and the workpiece surface morphology matrix is generated. Finally, the influence of grinding parameters and grinding wheel parameters on the workpiece surface morphology and surface roughness is studied by calculating the surface roughness value.
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Attabi, Selma, Abdelaziz Himour, Lakhdar Laouar, and Amir Motallebzadeh. "Surface Integrity of Ball Burnished 316L Stainless Steel." In Stainless Steels [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101782.
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316L is a type of austenitic stainless steel that offers a good combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In some industrial applications, it is necessary to proceed to finish treatments to extend the lifetime of the mechanical parts. In the present chapter, ball burnishing treatment is applied to improve the surface integrity of 316L since the performance behavior of parts is directly dependant on the surface properties of the used material. Both surface topography and surface microhardness of 316L after subjection to ball burnishing are studied. The number of burnishing passes is varied by up to five to investigate its effect on the results. Optical profilometer and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the surface roughness and surface topography texture while measurements of microhardness Vickers were proceeded to investigate the changes in surface hardening.
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Cuzic, Cristiana, Marius Octavian Pricop, Anca Jivanescu, et al. "The Impact of Hydrofluoric Acid Temperature and Application Method on the Texture of Ceramic Surfaces and the Shear Bond Strength of an Adhesive Cement." In Advances in Dentures - Prosthetic Solutions, Materials and Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114308.
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All-ceramic restorations represent the fundamentals of contemporary esthetic dentistry. Adhesive dentistry has revolutionized clinical techniques for the preparation, longevity, appearance, and restoration of dental work. This study sought to assess the effects of heated hydrofluoric acid pretreatment and the influence of the application technique on the surface morphology and roughness of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic materials. Understanding these factors is significant for comprehending the adhesive cementation process. The efficiency of the two HF application strategies and the influence of HF’s temperature on the surface topography of the ceramic was observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. On the prepared ceramic samples, resin cement was applied and light-cured in accordance with the surface conditioning techniques. The shear bond strength values were associated with the micro-retentive surface topography of the ceramic material. The SBS values between the resin cement and the ceramic material were evaluated using universal testing equipment. By utilizing digital microscopy to examine the affected surfaces of the specimens, the failure mechanisms were classified into three distinct categories: adhesive, cohesive, and mixed failure. The data was subjected to one-way and two-way analysis of variance for statistical analysis. The findings indicate that alternate treatment procedures have an impact on the surface properties of the material.
Conference papers on the topic "Surface topography-roughness"
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Zhao, Xiangyu, and Jinlong Zhu. "3D topography and roughness measurement of the inner surface of semi-closed parts." In Fourth Optics Frontier Conference (OFS 2024), edited by Qiwen Zhan. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3032321.
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Sedlacˇek, Marko, Bojan Podgornik, and Jozˇe Vizˇintin. "Modeling of Surface Topography for Reduced Friction." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59369.
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The aim of the present research was to investigate surface topography in terms of different surface roughness parameters and to correlate surface topography change to friction of contact surfaces. For this purpose, different 100Cr6 plate samples with different surface topography were prepared. Using different grades and combinations of grinding and polishing samples with similar Ra values, but different Rku and Rsk values were obtained. To evaluate influence of roughness parameters on friction and wear, dry and lubricated pin-on-disc tests were carried out under different contact conditions. Test results indicate that high Rku and negative Rsk values lead to decrease in friction. To investigate the effect of surface texturing on surface roughness parameters, real roughness profiles were virtually altered to achieve virtually textured surfaces. Using NIST SMATS softgauge for calculation of surface roughness parameters, virtually altered roughness profiles were investigated in terms of texture size, shape and spacing, and their influence on surface roughness parameters, especially on skewness and kurtosis. Lower diameter, higher spacing and wedge-shaped dimples reflect in higher Rku and more negative Rsk parameters.
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Elson, J. Merle, Jean M. Bennett, and John C. Stover. "Wavelength and Angular Dependence of Light Scattering From Beryllium: Comparison of Theory and Experiment." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.stua4.
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Beryllium optical components have been shown to have scattering characteristics considerably different from other metals such as aluminum or silver. The wavelength and angular dependence of light scattered from a beryllium surface partially overcoated with aluminum have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. The aluminum overcoating preserves the topography of the beryllium but provides different optical constants. By measuring scattering on both halves of the sample, the effects of topographic roughness and optical constants can be separated. Topographic roughness has been measured with a mechanical stylus profiler which is insensitive to the optical constants of the material. A dual-source scattering theory is used to model the surface as having both roughness and dielectric perturbations. Attention is given to both p- and s-polarization in the incident and scattered light at visible and infrared wavelengths.
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Suresh, Nitika, K. M. Shreehari, Akshay Prasad, Shivaram Kruthvik, R. Manu, and K. Deepak Lawrence. "Simulation of surface topography of engineering surfaces with specified roughness for tribological investigations." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES-MODELLING, COMPUTING AND SOFT COMPUTING (CSMCS 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0045851.
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Menezes, Pradeep L., Kishore, Y. Sasidhar, and Satish V. Kailas. "Role of Surface Topography on Friction and Transfer Layer Formation: A Study Using Inclined Scratch Test." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63999.
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Tribological interaction between two contacting surfaces is influenced by many factors such as relative motion, normal load, environment, and lubrication apart from surface characteristics of the mating surfaces. Though surface characteristics such as roughness was dealt by many researchers for decades, the other important characteristic of surfaces, surface topography, has not got its share of attention. In the present investigation, basic studies were conducted using Inclined Scratch Tester to understand the role of surface topography on friction and transfer layer formation. A tribological couple made of copper pin against EN8 flat was used in the tests. Two surface parameters of steel flats — roughness and texture — were varied in tests. Care was taken to ensure that the surface roughness, measured along the scratch direction, had similar values for different textures, namely Unidirectional, 8-ground, and Random. It was observed that the transfer layer formation and the coefficient of friction along with its two components, namely adhesion and plowing, are controlled by the nature of surfaces and are independent of surface roughness. The plowing component of friction was highest for the surface that promotes plane strain conditions near the surface and was lowest for the surface that promotes plane stress conditions near the surface.
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VENEMA, J. "Surface topography effects on galling of hot dip galvanized sheet metal." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-97.
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Abstract. During manufacturing of automotive parts from hot dip galvanized sheet metal, surface asperities of the forming tools can cause breakage of small coating particles. Long and narrow scratches appear on the surface of the form part, a phenomenon known as part surface galling. Laboratory testing using a slider on sheet tests (SOST) are performed in order to investigate surface topography effects on galling. These experiments reveal the dominant effect of tool surface roughness on galling. The tool surface roughness has a large effect on the size of the detached coating particles and the distance before scratch occurrence. If the tool roughness is low enough, no surface scratch formation is observed for the investigated range of sheet surface roughness. At a high tool surface roughness scratches are observed at a very short sliding distance for all tested materials. At an intermediate tool surface roughness, the materials selected for this investigation show measurable differences but no clear trend could be identified.
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TEIMOURI, R. "Prediction of surface topography change during chain of selective laser melting and burnishing." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-4.
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Abstract. The present study developed theoretical models for simulation of surface topography and roughness of parts produced by the selective laser melting (SLM) process and their evolution after burnishing as post-treatment. The simulation algorithm has been integrated by combining principles of selective laser melting process, i.e., formation of the melt pool and kinematic of motion, followed by mechanic of burnishing through Z-map approach. To verify the simulation results, 316L stainless steel was 3D printed and then burnished under different burnishing depth. 3D surface profile and surface roughness of as-printed material and those post-processed by surface burnishing (SB) were measured through microscopic examination and surface roughness measurement, respectively. The results obtained through comparison of confirmatory experiments and simulation model affirmed that the proposed approach is accurate enough to predict the surface topography and roughness of as-printed and post-treated samples.
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Podgornik, B., and M. Sedlacˇek. "Surface Texturing Effect, Characterization and Optimization for Boundary and Mixed Lubrication." In ASME/STLE 2011 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2011-61184.
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Under boundary and mixed lubrication surface roughness and topography have significant influence on the tribological behaviour of contact surfaces, where even a small change in surface topography can lead to a considerable change in tribological behaviour. In recent years an effort for better controlling friction and wear has been focused also on the surface topography modification, especially on surface texturing. The aim of the present research work was to investigate the possibility of using roughness parameters kurtosis and skewness as design parameters for optimizing texturing pattern in boundary and mixed lubricated contacts. Results of the investigation performed on groove and dimple textured surfaces under low load low sliding speed conditions confirm correlation between kurtosis and skewness parameters and coefficient of friction. For textured surfaces increase in kurtosis and more negative skewness, obtained by reducing cavity size, increasing cavity depth and decreasing texturing density were found to yield lower friction. Furthermore, kurtosis and skewness were recognized as suitable parameters for textured surfaces optimization. Through virtual texturing effect of different texturing parameters on kurtosis and skewness parameters can be identified and then optimized to result in reduced friction under boundary and mixed lubrication.
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Bahbou, F., and P. Nylén. "Relationship between Surface Topography Parameters and Adhesion Strength for Plasma Spraying." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p1027.
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Abstract To achieve sufficient adhesion strength within thermal spraying, the surface to be coated has to be modified. Grit blasting is the most common way to generate a clean and roughened surface. The bonding mechanism between the grit-blasted substrate and the coating is assumed to be due to mechanical anchoring, why an optimal surface roughness is essential. The surface roughness is usually evaluated using Ra which cannot fully characterize the complex nature of the chaotic substrate topography. This study was performed in order to evaluate if Ra can be replaced by other surface characteristic parameters such us RΔq, Rpk, Rpv, Rk…with higher correlation to adhesion strength. Average roughness was measured by a perthometer and with white light interferometry to get 3D images of the surface topography. Disc shaped substrate samples of Ti6Al4V (AMS 4928) were grit blasted with aluminium oxide grit and plasma sprayed with a Ni5%Al coating. Adhesion strength was determined according to the ASTM C633 standard. The correlation between a number of different surface-parameters and adhesion strength were evaluated and compared with Ra.
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Zhang, Yushun, and Fuzhu Han. "Experimental Investigation of the Surface Topography in Terms of Process Parameters During Picosecond Laser Machining of Polycrystalline Diamond." In ASME 2023 18th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2023-101133.
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Abstract Because of its significant impact on the friction and surface quality of a cutting process, the surface topography of the flank face is one of the most crucial indicators for the quality of Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) cutting tools machined with ultrafast laser. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of process parameters on the topography of the machined surface. In this study, a picosecond laser with 1064nm wavelength was used to generate and polish kerfs on PCD samples. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of process parameters on surface roughness. The results indicated that the surface roughness decreased with increased pulse energy, polishing depth, or decreased laser polishing speed. As the number of polishing cycles increased, the surface roughness tended to first decrease and then increase. The results of variance analysis demonstrated that the polishing speed and polishing depth have a significant impact on the surface roughness. Additionally, surface topography and microgrooves formed on the side wall of the kerfs were studied using a digital microscope. Finally, process optimization was carried out based on the previous experiment. A surface roughness of Ra0.16μm was obtained and recasting layer was fully removed. This study shows that the surface topography of the flank face of PCD cutting tools can be improved with an appropriate combination of the cutting depth, cutting speed, number of polishing cycles, and pulse energy during ultrafast laser processing.